How to make a 45 degree template. How to cut a pipe at an angle - marking options for round and profile pipes

At least once, you have wondered how to cut a pipe evenly at 45 or 90 degrees. Either along or across. We give answers to these questions.

Quite often, when performing various construction or repair work, it becomes necessary to cut a pipe. It can be plumbing work, laying pipelines or installing heating systems, but in any case it is necessary to know how to cut the pipe evenly. Some features of performing this task will be discussed further.

One particular example of such a situation is the need to cut a metal pipe at an angle of 45 degrees. Such cutting of material is often required when laying water pipes or heating systems. In this case you have to deal with steel pipes. For these purposes, conventional cylindrical pipes are usually used. If we are talking about the installation of some kind of metal structures, then profile pipes of rectangular or square cross-section are more often used. The main problem here is that in order for the elements to be connected to coincide, the cut must be as smooth as possible, which means that especially close attention should be paid to marking the material.

In cases where cutting at an angle is required, a simple square sheet of paper can be used as a marking template. It must be folded strictly diagonally, and then wrapped around the pipe with the template. In this case, it is necessary to carefully ensure that the side of the sheet, which is located closer to the end of the pipe, is perpendicular to its central axis. Next, using marking material, a series of dotted lines is applied and after the marking is completed along the entire circumference, the template can be removed.

If there is cutting to be done profile pipe, then it is advisable to make a special template from the same pipe, but with a larger cross-section. In this case, you will only have to use the measuring devices once. To apply markings you will need to use a protractor or a construction square. After sawing off the template, the pipes to be cut can simply be inserted into it and marked. This approach will significantly save work time and cutting a profile pipe at 45 degrees will be convenient.

As for what to use when carrying out work, you should choose the most suitable and familiar one. This could be a simple hacksaw for metal, or a grinder with an installed cutting disc.

90 degree cutting

When the need arises to cut at 90 degrees, the situation is even simpler. In the case of cylindrical elements, you can use the same sheet of paper that is used to wrap the pipe as a template. It is important to ensure that the edge of the sheet is smooth and matches the entire circumference. After marking is applied, the element to be cut is fixed and the cut is made.

The video shows the process of cutting a pipe at 90 degrees.

How to cut a profile pipe evenly

You can cut a profile pipe in much the same way, but here it will be easier to use a square. The device is applied to each side in turn, for which the element to be cut will need to be rotated, and markings are applied. Next, the pipe must be secured firmly and work can begin.

Any material can be used for sawing suitable tool. If you have to cut a lot of pipes, then it is advisable to make full-fledged templates from scraps. In this case, measuring and marking work will have to be done only once.

Large diameter pipe cutting

When to cut a pipe large diameter, you can use a number of special devices and tools. This may be necessary if, for example, a pipeline needs to be repaired.

• Bulgarian. The use of an angle grinder is justified from the point of view of the availability of tools and the comparative cheapness of the work. However, you should not count on greater productivity in this case; in addition, carrying out work in this way is associated with considerable risk.
• Roller machine. Such devices are also often called pipe cutters. In essence, such a device is the same grinder, but more suitable for this type of work. The machine includes a special frame where the element to be cut is fixed, as well as a holder with installed cutting rollers, which do the actual work. It is important to understand that each machine must be purchased under specific tasks, that is, according to the size of the pipes.
• Gas cutting. This option is most often used when working with large diameters. Cutting is carried out due to the action of a high-intensity flame, and the waste produced is blown away by gas pressure. The method can be considered the most practical and effective.

There are other options for accomplishing the task, such as using plasma, waterjet or laser cutting, however, in private use they are practically not used.

How to cut a cast iron pipe

If the pipe is made of cast iron, then in order to cut it smoothly you will have to apply certain knowledge. The fact is that this material is characterized by high fragility, which means that before cutting such a pipe, you need to determine an algorithm of actions.

• We mark in the same way as steel pipes.
• In the place where the cut is to be made, you need to place wooden beam as a support.
• Next you need to make a cut of a few millimeters around the entire circumference.
• After this, a chisel is inserted into the groove and you need to apply a sharp and swipe with a hammer.

As a result, it will split along the line, forming a fairly even cut area, which can be further processed if necessary.

How to cut lengthwise

Another frequently asked question is how to evenly cut a pipe lengthwise with a grinder. Here the algorithm of actions will be approximately the same as for transverse cutting. It is important to pay attention to marking. You can, for example, use painting thread, which is usually used when marking walls. In this case, it is necessary to firmly fix the pipe. The sawing process itself must be done carefully and slowly, since when sawing long elements there is a high probability of the cutting disc slipping from the marking line.

How to cut thin-walled pipes

Another type of pipe is thin-walled products. They are usually made from non-ferrous metals such as aluminum or copper. Cutting thin-walled pipes is more difficult, since the probability of element deformation is high. In this case, you can use some kind of filler, such as sifted sand. As a tool, you can use a grinder, a hacksaw or a special machine. It all depends on the specific situation.

cutting metal pipes- a rather labor-intensive, but completely do-it-yourself process. At the same time, working with round pipes, are not fundamentally different from cutting a profile pipe. The main thing to remember is that when performing work you must follow safety rules.

Pipes - widespread construction material. They are used in installation different systems. During the installation process, situations arise when pipes need to be joined at an angle. The technology for producing such work is not standard, but you need to know about it.

To create complex connection configurations, pipes must be cut at an angle. We will tell you how such operations are performed and what cutting methods exist.

When considering working methods - cutting straight or at an angle - you should take into account different material products being processed. Thus, hoses made of polypropylene or thin copper are easier and easier to cut than thick-walled steel pipes.

Plastic products of small diameters are cut to fit the right angle by using . In this case, you can control the angle with a regular protractor. cutting polymer pipes also done with a regular hacksaw with a fine-toothed blade.

It is necessary to cut pipes very often when working with these installation elements. A popular tool for such cases is the so-called grinder. This tool can be used to cut straight and at an angle.

The most common installation need is cutting water, sewer and ventilation pipes at an angle of 45º.

Image gallery

Pipes are the most common type of rolled metal and plastic. They are used to transport a wide variety of gases and liquids. At factories, rolled products are produced in a certain length. To install them in place in a pipeline, heating, water supply or sewerage system, they must be cut to the required length. The pipes are cut straight and beveled. For this purpose, many cutting methods and a variety of equipment are used.

Tools used

A simple operation at first glance, cutting pipes in practice reveals many nuances and pitfalls. If not, just cut the tubes evenly:

• Thin-walled.
• Large diameter.
• With a bevel.

It is very important to choose the cutting method suitable for each specific case and special equipment. It is divided into individual, household and industrial.

For individual use

They are used in households, private construction and small businesses. Deal with small and medium diameters (up to 250 mm) used in systems

• Water supply.
• Heating.
• Sewer.
• Ventilation.

Such tools include:

• Cutters. Used to evenly cut polymer pipes up to 75 mm. To make an even and neat cut they have a gear mechanism. The workpiece is first clamped with a shelf clamp, which securely fixes it and prevents it from leaving the cutting line.
• Disc cutter. Suitable for ventilation and sewer polymer pipes with a diameter of up to 200 mm. The blade is not a secateur type, but in the form of a disk rolling along the surface of the workpiece. The cut is made in several turns. Not suitable for rolled metal-plastic, as it can crush the thin metal liner.
• Guillotine. The flat oblique knife moves in the guides and allows you to cut exactly the required length in one pass. It is available both with an electric drive, which provides greater productivity, and with a manual drive.
• Hacksaw for metal. Classical locksmith tool allows you to evenly cut a workpiece clamped in a vice. When using, it is important to drive the saw smoothly, with constant force and without distortion. Burrs formed after using a hacksaw should be cleaned with a file.
• Angle grinder, angle grinder. In everyday life it is called “grinder”. This universal tool can handle any materials and diameters. In order to cut a pipe with a grinder, special abrasive cutting discs are used.
• Electric jigsaw. A very popular tool among home craftsmen, it can also cut pipes, but due to the flexible blade moving to the side, you can only dream of accuracy.
• Reciprocating saw. The instrument has not yet become widespread among Russian craftsmen. The adjustable stop of the saw and its powerful blade allow you to cut off rolled products even while suspended and close to the wall.

To cut from the tool general purpose was smooth, should be used special devices for fixing the workpiece. These can be templates, vices or miter boxes. In addition, it is very important to correctly mark the future cut and, while working, make sure that the cutting line does not go to the side.

For industrial use

Such equipment is used in industries where the volume of work is large or large diameter pipes have to be cut. To cut straight, use:

• Lathe. Suitable for high-precision cutting of workpieces, chamfering, making ledges, diameter transitions and other shaped processing. Allows lathe and cut threads, both internal and external. The length of the part is limited by the overhang of the machine head. Diameter - overhang of the chuck jaws.
• Tape machines. They are used to cut a large diameter pipe without removing it from a trench or collector point. They also work on deformed products.
• Disc cutting machines. Highly automated installation with pendulum saw and a workpiece feeding mechanism. Often included in production line, used for high-performance cutting of rolled products into equal pieces.
• Manual disk installations. Mobile equipment is used to cut the rolled products exactly right at the installation site. Equipped with a multifunctional clamp that allows you to securely fix products different diameters and cut them evenly without damaging the edges. The rotating work table allows you to cut smoothly at any angle. The most advanced models are equipped with an orbital welding system. This allows you not only to cut, but also to connect segments.

Cutting technology

As a rule, the volume and complexity of the work to be done home handyman, does not require the use of high-performance and expensive equipment production level. When making a greenhouse frame, you can completely cut the pipes with a grinder or a traditional hand saw.

Each type of cut has its own nuances, and some require special tricks.

Right angle

The accuracy of the cut is largely determined by the quality of the markings. Experienced craftsmen It is advised to mark the cutting lines not with a pencil, but with masking tape, following the following sequence of actions:

• Postpone required size and put a small mark with a marker or pencil.
• Carefully, applying to the mark, cover the part with masking tape in a circle. The edges of the paper should meet without moving. This is a sign that the paper is pasted correctly. If the edges do not meet, the tape needs to be re-glued.
• Securely fix the workpiece to prevent it from moving or distorting during work. For fixation, use a vice or clamps.
• The cut (smaller) piece of the workpiece should be left hanging so that it does not pinch the blade or disk.
• The cut starts from the top.
• The grinder disk (or hacksaw blade) is guided exactly along the edge of the masking tape, without deviating to the side.

This will allow you to cut exactly the required length.

If the diameter is large, then the markings are done in the same way, but cut in parts, in sectors of 30-60°. After cutting the next sector, the fastenings are loosened and the pipe is rotated. Then they fix it again and continue cutting from the place where the previous sector ended. To make it smooth, special attention should be paid to the beginning of the cut, avoiding steps and nicks.

Oblique incision at 45°

It is possible to cut the end of the pipe exactly at 45° without the use of complex devices. All you have to do is use your plumbing skills. You will need to do the following:

• Cut a piece of paper into a square shape.
• Fold diagonally. Learn the right isosceles triangle.
• Wrap the workpiece with a sheet so that the leg of the triangle is perpendicular to the axis, and the hypotenuse forms an upward spiral.
• Secure the sheet with tape.
• Fix the workpiece and cut along the oblique edge of the sheet. It will turn out at 45°.

There is another one folk method. The end of the workpiece is immersed in a container with liquid at the required angle. You need to cut along the border of the wet and dry areas.

If you need to cut not perpendicularly, then it is better to use an old carpentry tool - a miter box.

This is a U-shaped template, in the side walls of which slots have already been made at specified angles. The pipe is placed against the wall of the miter box farthest from the master and pressed there with a hand or a hand clamp. Canvas hand saw inserted into the appropriate grooves and sawed. If necessary, cut at a different angle, you can make additional cuts in the walls of the miter box.

Techniques for cutting pipes at an angle

Non-perpendicular cutting techniques depend on the material being processed. Some techniques are suitable for plastic or thin copper - materials that are ductile and easy to process. Thick steel will require a more serious approach.

Plastic pipes of small diameters can be cut using specialized scissors.

Steel pipes can be cut with a grinder, but it is better to use a more precise tool - band saw with turntable equipped with clamps. A tabletop disc cutting machine will also work.

When using a general-purpose tool, you will definitely have to use one or another attachment.

Programs for calculating cutting angles

A template for cutting at 45° can be obtained by folding a square piece of paper in half. To form patterns for other bevels, you will need to perform more or less complex trigonometric calculations. For those who safely left sines and cosines in high school and are not going to remember the formulas, there are many programs available on the Internet for calculating patterns for any necessary angle. The program performs calculations for the user-specified diameter and angle of the cut and creates an image of the pattern, which should be printed on your printer.

Important: in the print settings, select the “full size” option and disable image scaling.

To cut evenly at 45°, you can make a paper pattern yourself. To do this you should:

• Measure or calculate the length of the outer circumference.
• From the corner of a sheet of A4 printer paper, draw a line at an angle of 45°. If there is no protractor, such a line can be obtained by folding together the edges of the sheet adjacent to the corner.
• Mark the circumference on it.
• This will be the hypotenuse. Build an isosceles to it right triangle. One side will be the edge of the paper, the second should be lowered perpendicular to the second edge from the set point.
• Cut out the resulting triangle - this will be the pattern for cutting pipes at an angle of 45°.

It should be wrapped around the workpiece, aligning the ends of the hypotenuse. The cut will run along the line of the legs. The line should be marked with a marker or paper tape. Next, along the marked line, you can evenly cut off a piece with the required bevel.

The method is suitable for pipes with a diameter of up to 63 millimeters.

Carpenters have long used simple, but very useful device, to evenly cut off the ends of bars, rectangular, round and shaped, at an angle. A carpenter's miter box is good for sawing off plastic or thin metal pipes.

You can use a ready-made one, or you can make a miter box with your own hands. Its advantage is that it can be made exactly to the size of the pipe. For production you will need:

• Cut a board 40-50 cm long and a width equal to the pipe diameter.
• Cut two boards of the same length, but wider by the thickness of the first board.
• Assemble the boards using self-tapping screws, attaching the side boards to the base so as to form a U-shaped gutter.
• In the center, mark and make vertical cuts in the side boards to the base so that a straight line drawn through them forms angles of 90, 60, 45 and 30° with the longitudinal axis of the structure.
• If necessary, make cuts at other angles.

It is better to make the side walls from stronger wood - this will extend the service life of the equipment.

This not only determines and helps maintain the correct cutting line and cut smoothly. It also serves as a means of fixing the pipe. It is enough to hold the pipe with your hand along with the miter box. For each diameter you will have to make separate equipment.

During operation, the slots in the side walls are also subject to wear. You need to ensure that the hacksaw blade fits into them with minimal play. In case of wear, you can cut new slots parallel to the old ones, stepping back at least 3 centimeters from them, or replace the side walls.

This miter box has the following advantages:

• simplicity of design and manufacture
• cheapness
• the ability to produce equipment for any diameter and required angle

• It is inconvenient to work with large diameters and wall thicknesses
• binding each equipment to its own diameter
• compatible only with hacksaw

Simple cutting equipment

Universal cutting machine with pendulum circular saw Excellent for cutting thick-walled large-diameter pipes, both round and rectangular in cross-section, smoothly at an angle. Such devices work in procurement areas small industries and on construction sites where it is necessary to cut evenly a large number of fittings to size.

The circular saw together with the electric motor is mounted on pendulum arm and can be placed with great accuracy in work area and then continue cutting in one plane.

Advanced devices are equipped with an articulated lever that allows you to change the direction of the cut. In models of the lower and middle price segments, the cutting line is oriented using a rotary table equipped with clamps for reliable fixation of the workpiece. In addition, the table can tilt sideways up to 45°. Rotary table and lifting mechanism equipped with protractors that allow you to set the angle with an accuracy of a degree.

To securely fix the pipe at a given angle, use a clamp and two steel angles with a side close to the diameter of the pipe. The short angle is secured to the rotary work table using its standard screw clamps. Fastening and cutting process step by step:

• Install Rotary table to the required cutting angle and secure it.
• Place the pipe between the corners and tighten them with a hand clamp so that the marked cutting line remains free.
• Start the engine.
• After gaining speed, smoothly bring the disk to the surface of the metal and evenly cut off the workpiece. At the beginning and end of the cut, when the cross-section of the metal being cut is maximum, you should not apply much force to the pendulum handle.

The main advantages of this method:

• high performance, also with thick walls
• even and smooth cut, requiring minimal cleaning and finishing with a file
• no need to create patterns.

There are also disadvantages inherent in this method:

• applicability to small and medium diameters
• high cost of the machine
• low mobility
• high power consumption and noise

The nuances of working with a rectangular section

To cut a rectangular profile evenly, experts recommend preparing templates in advance. The easiest way is to make templates from a steel angle of sufficient size, marked for the desired bevel. This greatly saves marking time with a large volume of similar cuts.

The corner is placed on the side of the profile pipe and the cutting line is marked along the beveled side with a marker or scriber. It is recommended to repeat it with paper tape.

Precision cutting devices

Band saws are characterized by high stability of the plane of movement of the blade and cutting accuracy. They are also widely used in procurement areas of small-scale and medium-scale production. They are characterized by versatility, reliability and high performance.

For private use, the MASS company from Italy offers a compact band sawing unit. It is equipped with a manual clamping device and can smoothly cut pipes with a diameter of up to 65 mm, as well as rolling any profile of the same thickness.

The rotary device allows you to set an arbitrary cutting direction from 0 to 45°. Movement frequency cutting blade- up to 45 cycles per minute. An economical 370 Watt motor allows you to use a regular home single-phase power supply with a voltage of 220 V.

Application of thermal methods

In addition to mechanical methods, thermal methods of cutting pipes are also widely used. Here the tool is a gas cutter (propane or acetylene) or an electric arc welding machine. Even the thickest-walled, large-diameter pipes can be cut with a cutting torch. Productivity is also quite high. In addition, only these methods provide exceptional mobility - you can cut the pipe in a trench, basement, in places where a high-performance stationary machine Just don't drag it in and connect it.

It should be noted that thermal methods do not allow achieving high precision, and cutting evenly is also not always possible. However, in a number of applications, such as rapid repair of heating mains or main pipelines, it is not required. After thermal cutting, the resulting edges have to be additionally processed with mechanical tools, the cut line is leveled and the bevels are adjusted to the design values.

The thermal cutting method is also used when working with polymer pipe products. In thermal guillotines, the cut is carried out heated to high temperature with an oblique thin cutter sliding in the guides.

The devices can also cut at an angle and very straight, but are only suitable for working with soft materials, having low temperature melting.

How to cut a profile pipe evenly

It is recommended to use a bench square when marking. The required size is marked on the first side, the square is applied to the mark and a marking line is drawn. Next, without lifting the square from the angle between the edges, smoothly rotate it to the other, draw a marking line, turn it again and mark the third edge. If the lines converge on the last edge, then the markings are done correctly.

Now you can secure the workpiece and cut the desired length with a grinder or hacksaw.

Large diameter pipe cutting

If you need to cut a large diameter pipe straight, for sewerage or at the entrance to a site, use the following tools:

• Angle Grinder. Affordable, but not very safe way. Requires a certain skill. Personal protective equipment must be used.
• Roller cutter. This is a rather complex unit, specially designed for such work. It is mounted on the pipeline, covering it from the outside. The pressure force of the cutting rollers is adjusted mechanically or automatically. Each diameter requires its own equipment.
• Gas cutter. The most commonly used method. The method is quite safe if the gas welder is sufficiently qualified and the safety rules are followed. Requires a gas cutter, acetylene or propane cylinders.

How to cut a cast iron pipe

Cast iron as a material has its own specifics and differs from steel alloys nearby physical and mechanical characteristics. Despite its high strength, cast iron is a very brittle material.

Marked cast iron pipe exactly the same as steel. Before starting work, you should place wooden blocks for support. Using an angle grinder with a cutting disc, you need to make a shallow cut around the entire circumference. Next, you need to hit the chisel inserted into the cut with great force. The product will split evenly along the saw line.

If an angle grinder is not available, you will have to make a ring cut with a hacksaw.

How to cut lengthwise

Not often, but sometimes it is still necessary to cut the pipe lengthwise. You should proceed as follows:

• Carefully mark the cutting line. Use thread, marker or masking tape.
• Secure the pipe, provide a hand support next to the pipe along the entire cutting line.
• Take your time, slowly move the angle grinder disk along the cut line and keep your hand supported, make the cut. You should constantly monitor the depth of immersion of the disk into the cut so as not to cut through the opposite wall.

How to cut thin-walled pipes

When working with thin-walled steel, there is a high risk of crushing the cut edges. To avoid this, fill the profile from the inside:

• when working with a hacksaw, insert a round wooden stick of suitable diameter
• When using an angle grinder, sand is poured inside, compacted and plugged.

When installing a pipeline, quite often you have to cut the pipe at an angle. Moreover, the angle should have exactly the degree that is needed for the structure. If the angle is made incorrectly, it is impossible to produce exactly the dimensions of the pipeline that were supposed to be made. For example, the pipe will rotate 45 degrees during installation, therefore, you need to know how to cut the pipe at 45 degrees. To do this we need marking tools, a grinder or a hacksaw.

Marking using a sheet of paper

One of the easiest ways is to mark the corner using a sheet of paper. We fold the square sheet strictly diagonally. We take the pipe and wrap it with a folded page so that the edges of the diagonals are opposite each other. So, on the smaller side of the page we have an angle of 45 degrees. We take any marking tool and mark the location of the future pipe cut along the page line. To prevent the markings from being accidentally erased, you can use narrow tape. This method marking is convenient for a long pipe of enormous diameter, and the cut point of which is somewhere in the middle.

Using a water container

What should we do if we are dealing with a small-diameter pipe, and we need to cut the pipe at an angle somewhere near the edge? A deep container filled with water will come to the rescue. Before you start working, you need to calculate the angle of inclination and make a mark on the container. Then all we have to do is carefully lower the edge of the pipe into the water and tilt it towards the mark on the container. We remove the pipe, mark the line of contact with the water, and boldly cut along the markings. This method is optimal when marking a huge number of pipes. A ready-made template from a container of water will speed up the process of our work.

Computer program to help

I would also like to consider the markup method using computer program. This is a super complicated method for those who are not used to working with a computer. It requires knowledge of a PC, programs for developments and drawings. We begin work by making a drawing indicating the size of the circle and the slope. We make a so-called virtual template.

After this, we print the image on a sheet of paper using a printer. The larger the diameter of the pipe, the more pages with markings there will be. Using scissors, we cut out all parts of the drawing and, using tape, glue them together. The finished template is applied to the pipe, and we make markings along the edge of the paper. This marking method is considered one of the most correct. If your computer does not have such programs, you can use the Internet. It is possible to download a pattern for marking on the Internet. In addition, you need to print it on a printer and cut it out. We wrap the finished pattern around the pipe and make markings.

If the pipe is profiled

But, for example, we have a profile pipe, not a round one. Manual marking of a profile pipe can lead to a huge error. The best way out of this situation would be to make a template from the same profile of a larger diameter. Take a small piece of profile pipe and use a protractor to mark an angle of 45 degrees. We cut along the markings with a grinder and grind the edges so as not to get hurt by the burrs while working. Then all we have to do is insert a profile of a smaller diameter into the template and, having made markings, cut it off.

In this article we looked at how to cut a pipe at 45 degrees. Using one of the methods listed above, mark and make a cut. For a more even cut, it is better to use a grinder. When cutting by welding, experience is required, otherwise the cuts will end up with unevenness. As a last resort, you can use a hacksaw. There are currently a large number of various devices for cutting pipes at an angle, but purchasing them requires extra costs. It’s easier and cheaper to make a template for yourself once and use it as needed.

Video

That is why the video will show you how to cut a pipe at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees using a computer program.

You will need

• - miter box;
• - hacksaw;
• - wooden blank;
• - protractor;
• - pencil;
• - a clamp or screws and a screwdriver.

Instructions

Prepare a corner template that will help you easily make an accurate cut of a piece of wood at an angle of 45 degrees. This device is a profile in the form of an inverted letter “P”; On its sides there are through slots for a hacksaw. They are usually located at angles of 45, 60 and 90 degrees. More complex miter boxes are additionally equipped with arbitrary fixed slots, or have a rotating design - it allows you to install the saw in the optimal position.

Buy ready-made carpentry tool at a hardware store with a wooden, metal or plastic tray. For a novice master this is best option. If desired, you can make a simple miter box from three planed boards or plywood strips (thickness - about 1.5-2 cm).

Drill several holes in the walls of the future miter box, apply wood glue to the ends and assemble the box (tray) of the miter box. Secure the corner template with screws. The walls of the instrument must lie strictly parallel to one another; the bottom and each side form clear perpendiculars.

Mark a 45 degree angle with a pencil and add additional groove lines if necessary. To avoid mistakes in your calculations, use a protractor.

The most important thing is the slots. It is recommended to perform them with the same hacksaw that will subsequently be used to make cuts in the finished miter box. Start sawing without putting too much pressure on the working tool and hold the blade. First saw through one side, then the opposite.

Start processing lumber. Secure the miter box to a workbench or work table with a clamp (clamps for fixing parts) or screws. Then make a mark for the future cut on the slats (boards, plinths) and place the workpiece in the box. Press it firmly against one of the side walls of the template, aligning the marks with the 45-degree angle slot.

Insert the hacksaw into the grooves of the miter box and cut the workpiece. The saw will be limited to fixed cuts and you will get a clean and precise cut.

When cutting skirting boards, make sure that the corners in the room are really straight. If the walls are very uneven, the angle of the cut on the workpieces should be adjusted. Measure the joints with a goniometer interior walls and divide the result in half (the joint of the skirting boards is “in a miter”). To make an accurate cut, it is recommended to make grooves with a given angle in a homemade miter box. Another option is a magazine rotary tool, which allows you to change the angle from 0 to 180 degrees in approximately 15-degree increments.