Rare and protected bog plants. Swamp plants of Russia Medicinal herbs of Belarus growing in swamps

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All organisms need water; life without it is impossible. But everything is good in moderation. When there is too much water, plants suffer from a lack of oxygen for breathing, because water has displaced it from the soil. Life in humid places is not for everyone, but there are plants that have adapted to such life.

A swamp is a community of perennial plants that can grow in conditions of abundant moisture from flowing or standing water. Swamp soil contains little oxygen, and often nutrients(mineral salts) that plants need.

Exist different types swamps There are sphagnum swamps (they are also called peat bogs). Among the plants there, sphagnum moss predominates - you will read about it in the book. Only here you can find the well-known cranberry and the amazing sundew plant. We will also talk about them later.
There are swamps where sedges predominate. Other herbs also grow with them. These swamps are called grassy (or lowland). Swamps, where you can find not only perennial grasses and mosses, but also many trees and shrubs, are called forest swamps.
In a meadow, in a forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes, along the road, there are often areas with a high water content in the soil. Plants adapted to life in waterlogged conditions also settle here.

The most famous of the marsh shrubs is cranberry. It grows both on ridges and in hollows, and in some places forms a continuous cover. Everyone has seen cranberries, but some townspeople don’t know how beautifully they bloom. The common swamp cranberry grows throughout the swamp; its berries differ in size and shape (round, pear-shaped, large, and smaller), and sometimes small-fruited cranberries are found on high hummocks. It has very small berries and smaller flowers. It has no economic significance, but it is by its presence that one can judge that the “swamp is untouched” and is worth protecting.

There is also a bush with berries - black crowberry . It grows on ridges and in swampy pine forests on the outskirts of the swamp. It is also called crowberry - the berries are tasteless, but quench thirst well. And the name “crowberry,” of course, comes from the fact that the berries look like bird’s eyes.
Two other amazing swamp shrubs - the common white myrtle and the marsh myrtle, or Cassandra, do not have tasty berries. Their flowers have a similar shape - they resemble a ball, and, probably, this shape is not accidental... Podbel is called podbel for the leaves that are white below, and the leaves of the swamp myrtle resemble real myrtle, which grows much further south. These plants are found only in swamps.

And here are a couple more shrubs - heather and wild rosemary They grow not only in swamps, but also in pine forests on sand and in swampy pine forests. Marsh rosemary has a wonderfully strong and intoxicating smell. They say that if you breathe it for a long time, you may get a headache, but, like any medicine in small doses, it is, of course, useful and is used in medicine. Heather is also used in medicine. In addition, he is a good honey planter. Heather flowers are pink, it is very decorative.

Swamp plants. Photo: Thomas Queen

The treeless swamps of the taiga zone are dominated by plants from the family of sedges (downy grass, cotton grass, reeds, and moth grass), rush grasses (Scheuchzeria, triostrenium), and grasses (reed grass, reed grass, molinia).

Water lily pure white large snow-white water lily flower. It grows in quiet river backwaters and deep hollows of swamps. The flowers reach 12 cm in diameter, and the rounded leaves are 30 cm. The pure white water lily is a living clock. In the evening, at 6-7 o'clock, its flowers close and are immersed in water, and in the morning, also at 6-7 o'clock, they appear above the water and open again. But if the flowers don’t appear in the morning, wait for the rain. The rhizomes of water lilies contain up to 20% starch; they are readily eaten by muskrats, water rats and even pigs. The water lily is used in medicine. The alkaloid nymphein, extracted from the plant, is used for diseases Bladder and gastritis.

Common reed . The ubiquitous reed is found from the forest-tundra to the tropics. It forms floodplains at river mouths, thickets in shallow lakes and on saline sea coasts, and phytocenoses in open and forested lowland and transitional swamps. On the swamps in optimal conditions it reaches a height of 2m, and in the extremes it is only 50-70cm. Actually, he likes reeds running water; therefore, it also settles in swamps where water moves along the surface or in the depths of a peat deposit. And the better the flow and the richer the nutrition, the more green mass the reed forms annually. From 1 hectare of reed beds you can get from 8 to 60 quintals of hay, and the earlier it is cut, the richer it is in carotene (provitamin A). Water flowing through reed floodplains is purified as if by a filter: reed extracts many harmful substances(sodium, sulfur), retains oil film, clay, suspended matter. But the significance of the reed is not limited to this: the fate of many species of birds and animals that live in its thickets is connected with it. Since ancient times, the leaves and stems of reeds have been used to weave baskets, shields, and mats. It is used for fuel, to cover roofs, and for fences. Paper is made from reed: its yield from dry raw materials is up to 50%.

Sedges. The most common bog plants are sedges: about 40 species are found in peat bogs, along the banks of rivers and lakes, in swampy forests and meadows. The height of the sedges varies: from 10 cm to 1 m, and the spikelets are either very small (about 0.5 cm) or large (up to 10 cm). There is either one spikelet or several of them, collected in a panicle; they can be erect or pendulous. Due to their morphological diversity and biological plasticity, sedges occupy different habitats in swamps: from oligotrophic to eutrophic.

Sedges have and practical significance. They are primarily used as hay. When cut before flowering or heading, but not later, they contain twice the amount of digestible protein. Some sedges are even higher in protein content than many cereals. Some sedges are well eaten in hay, others are used in the production of silage. Large sedges are suitable for coarse fiber and even paper.

Valerian officinalis . Valerian is becoming increasingly rare in natural habitats. And yet she can still be found on lowland marshes, in swampy meadows, on wet forest edges. Large pinkish-lilac fragrant inflorescences decorate this plant in summer. Its rhizome is 2-3 cm long and thick, biennial, with many cord-like roots, with a strong, peculiar odor.

Yellow egg capsule . This is the constant neighbor of the water lily. Their leaves are similar, but the flowers of the egg capsule are different: yellow, small.

Common hellebore . It is an inhabitant of damp meadows, isolated lowland swamps and wet thickets of bushes. Folk names hellebores - green anchar, top.
Hellebore is very poisonous! Already 2g of fresh hellebore roots can kill a horse. Livestock usually do not touch hellebore, but young animals often die after eating it, and even their meat becomes poisonous. Hellebore is also dangerous in hay, since its poisons are not destroyed when dried. Hellebore poisons penetrate the blood even through the skin. If its juice gets on the skin, then first a burning sensation is felt, then coldness and sensitivity is completely lost.

Veh poisonous . This perennial with a thick rhizome and large leaves, dissected into narrow lobes. It is found in low-lying swamps, marshy meadows, along the banks of rivers and lakes (the Latin name Cicuta comes from the Greek word meaning “empty”). The rhizome of the vekha is especially poisonous, pink on the inside, empty, divided by partitions. It tastes like rutabaga or radish, and smells like carrots. 100-200g of raw rhizome already kills a cow, and 50-100g kills a sheep. Children, attracted by the juicy and appetizing-looking rhizome, and domestic animals are often poisoned by it. The poison strikes and depresses nervous system, reduces physical activity and blood pressure. Progressive poisoning can be avoided by giving milk, eggs, and anticonvulsants.

And yet the poisonous milestone also has a certain practical significance. Its roots and rhizomes in folk medicine used externally in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, and some skin diseases. An infusion of Vekha herb is considered anticonvulsant and diaphoretic, expectorant and sedative. It is used to treat whooping cough, epilepsy, hysteria, stuttering, and psychosis. Veh is also used in gardening. An infusion of his herbs - good remedy against leaf-eating caterpillars and sawfly larvae.

Swamp whitewing . This plant forms dense thickets along the marshy banks of rivers and lakes; It is found in lowland forests (spruce, black alder) and swampy swamps. The plant is named after the whitewing white sheet, covering the inflorescence.

Marsh marigold . It often grows directly in the shallow water of rivers and lakes. It is noted that during the flowering period the plant is poisonous, but very large doses are needed for poisoning. Livestock does not eat it, but people eat marigold buds, preparing them in a special way and using them instead of capers as a seasoning for meat dishes.

Common reed

The established opinion that almost nothing grows in a swamp has no basis in reality. In terms of the diversity of its plant species composition, the swamp is in no way inferior to a forest or meadow, and in some places even surpasses it.

Most marsh plants are hygrophilic (moisture-loving) plants.

Almost all of them are immersed in water, as a result of which they lack stomata that retain water. The leaves of swamp plants are better than others at retaining oxygen, which is so rare in swamp water.

All marsh plants are classified into 5 groups:

microphytes These are plants that inhabit the bottom of the swamp.
Here, at a depth of about 6 meters, it grows a large number of seaweed Among them are blue-green algae, diatoms and filamentous green algae.
macrophytes These are plants that inhabit the water column of the swamp (3-6 meters from the shore). Among them there are also flowering plants. Here you can find green algae such as chara and nitella, and many mosses, among which sphagnum (peat) predominate.
Flowering plants include angustifolia pondweed and hornwort.
swamp plants level 1 These are plants that inhabit the immediate water area of the swamp (1.5-3 meters from the shore).
They are the ones who make up the usual idea of a swamp. Among the growing specimens there are numerous broad-leaved pondweeds, white water lilies (water lilies), yellow egg capsules, floating pondweed, etc.
swamp plants level 11 These are plants that inhabit the coastal area of the swamp (less than 1.5 meters from the shore). Among them are reeds, reeds, horsetails, many sedges, arrowhead, susak, hedgehog, chastukha, sitnyag, buttercup, Scheuchzeria, rhynchospora, marsh iris, etc.
coastal marsh vegetation These are plants growing along the banks of the swamp.
Among them are watchwort, cinquefoil, whitewing, and many green mosses (drepanocladus, calliergon). Small trees often grow: alder, birch and willow; among the shrubs - cranberry, cassandra, heather, cotton grass.

There are also very rare predator plants - sundew and butterwort.

Marsh marigold

River gravity

Cuckoo color

Calamus marsh

Buttercup caustic

Swamp whitewing

Forget-me-not swamp

Common loosestrife

All organisms need water; life without it is impossible.

But everything is good in moderation. When there is too much water, plants suffer from a lack of oxygen for breathing, because water has displaced it from the soil. Life in humid places is not for everyone, but there are plants that have adapted to such life.

There are different types of swamps.

There are sphagnum swamps (they are also called peat bogs). Among the plants there, sphagnum moss predominates - you will read about it in the book. Only here you can find the well-known cranberry and the amazing sundew plant. We will also talk about them later.

There are swamps where sedges predominate. Other herbs also grow with them.

These swamps are called grassy (or lowland). Swamps, where you can find not only perennial grasses and mosses, but also many trees and shrubs, are called forest swamps.

In a meadow, in a forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes, along the road, there are often areas with a high water content in the soil. Plants adapted to life in waterlogged conditions also settle here.

1. Underline the swamp producers with a green pencil, consumers with a red pencil, and destroyers with a brown pencil.

Ptarmigan, sandpiper, cranberry, rosemary, crane, microbes, frog, blueberry, sedge, elk, mosquito, cloudberry, sphagnum.

What did the artist get wrong? Place the arrows correctly.

Swap pike and eagle, partridge and carp.

Guess and write what it's called natural wealth swamps, from which jelly and jam are made.

4. Solve the crossword puzzle, and then you will be able to read the name of the “profession” of organisms that have a hard time in the swamp.

1. Mosquito larvae living at the bottom of the lake. — Bloodworm

2. A chatty bird with long legs. — Crane

The most important plant of swamps. — Sphagnum

4. A coastal plant that is often incorrectly called reed. — Rogoz

5. Fuel formed from dead plant residues. — Peat

6. Predatory lake fish. — Pike

7. Long-nosed wading bird. — Sandpiper

8. An insect that “feeds” on moose.

— Mosquito

Garbage man

Learning to understand text

Read the text “How peat is formed” on page 52 of the textbook. Complete the tasks.

1. What is peat formed from? Choose the correct answer and mark it.

From the dead remains of sphagnum moss.

From the dead remains of swamp animals.

Why does peat form in swamps? Choose only one answer and mark it.

Because there is no oxygen in wet swamp soil and destroyers cannot live.

3. Why are there so few destroyers in the swamp? Choose only one answer and mark it.

Sphagnum kills microbes.

How do people use peat? Choose only one answer and mark it.

As fuel.

5. Write down from the dead remains of which living organisms peat is formed.

From the dead remains of marsh plants and animals.

Which sentence best helps you understand the main idea of the text? Choose only one answer and mark it.

Therefore, the dead remains are not destroyed, but are gradually compacted and turned into peat.

About the peculiarities of peat formation.

8. If the text had one more paragraph, what would it talk about?

About what kind of ecosystem formed in place of the swamps.

Which heading more accurately reflects the content of the text? Choose only one answer and mark it.

Where does sphagnum live?

10. What did you find most interesting in this text? Why are you interested in this?

It's interesting how people use sphagnum moss.

Swamp plants

All organisms need water; life without it is impossible. But everything is good in moderation. When there is too much water, plants suffer from a lack of oxygen for breathing, because water has displaced it from the soil. Life in damp places is not for everyone, but there are plants that have adapted to such life.

A swamp is a community of perennial plants that can grow in conditions of abundant moisture from flowing or standing water.

Swamp soil contains little oxygen and often nutrients (mineral salts) that plants need.

There are different types of swamps. There are sphagnum swamps (they are also called peat bogs). Among the plants there, sphagnum moss predominates - you will read about it in the book. Only here you can find the well-known cranberry and the amazing sundew plant.

We will also talk about them later.
There are swamps where sedges predominate. Other herbs also grow with them. These swamps are called grassy (or lowland). Swamps, where you can find not only perennial grasses and mosses, but also many trees and shrubs, are called forest swamps.
In a meadow, in a forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes, along the road, there are often areas with a high water content in the soil.

Plants adapted to life in waterlogged conditions also settle here.

The most famous of the marsh shrubs is cranberry. It grows on ridges and in hollows, and in some places forms a continuous cover. Everyone has seen cranberries, but some townspeople don’t know how beautifully they bloom. The common swamp cranberry grows throughout the swamp; its berries differ in size and shape (round, pear-shaped, large, and smaller), and sometimes small-fruited cranberries are found on high hummocks.

It has very small berries and smaller flowers. It has no economic significance, but it is by its presence that one can judge that the “swamp is untouched” and is worth protecting.

There is also a bush with berries - black crowberry. It grows on ridges and in swampy pine forests on the outskirts of the swamp. It is also called crowberry - the berries are tasteless, but quench thirst well. And the name “crowberry,” of course, comes from the fact that the berries look like bird’s eyes.
Two other amazing swamp shrubs, the common myrtle and the marsh myrtle, or Cassandra, do not produce tasty berries. Their flowers have a similar shape - they resemble a ball, and, probably, this shape is not accidental...

Podbel is called podbel for the leaves that are white below, and the leaves of the swamp myrtle resemble true myrtle, which grows much further south. These plants are found only in swamps.

And here are a couple more shrubs - heather and wild rosemary They grow not only in swamps, but also in pine forests on sand and in swampy pine forests.

Marsh rosemary has a wonderfully strong and intoxicating smell. They say that if you breathe it for a long time, you may get a headache, but, like any medicine in small doses, it is, of course, useful and is used in medicine. Heather is also used in medicine. In addition, he is a good honey planter. Heather flowers are pink, it is very decorative.

Swamp plants.

But if the flowers don’t appear in the morning, wait for the rain. The rhizomes of water lilies contain up to 20% starch; they are readily eaten by muskrats, water rats and even pigs. The water lily is used in medicine. The alkaloid nymphein, extracted from the plant, is used for diseases of the bladder and gastritis.

In swamps, under optimal conditions, it reaches a height of 2 m, and in extreme conditions - only 50-70 cm. In fact, reeds like running water; therefore, it also settles in swamps where water moves along the surface or in the depths of a peat deposit. And the better the flow and the richer the nutrition, the more green mass the reed forms annually. From 1 hectare of reed beds you can get from 8 to 60 quintals of hay, and the earlier it is cut, the richer it is in carotene (provitamin A).

Water flowing through reed floodplains is purified as if by a filter: reed extracts many harmful substances (sodium, sulfur) from the water and retains oil film, clay, and suspended matter. But the significance of the reed is not limited to this: the fate of many species of birds and animals that live in its thickets is connected with it. Since ancient times, the leaves and stems of reeds have been used to weave baskets, shields, and mats.

It is used for fuel, to cover roofs, and for fences. Paper is made from reed: its yield from dry raw materials is up to 50%.

There is either one spikelet or several of them, collected in a panicle; they can be erect or pendulous. Due to their morphological diversity and biological plasticity, sedges occupy different habitats in swamps: from oligotrophic to eutrophic.

Sedges also have practical significance. They are primarily used as hay. When cut before flowering or heading, but not later, they contain twice the amount of digestible protein. Some sedges are even higher in protein content than many cereals.

Some sedges are well eaten in hay, others are used in the production of silage. Large sedges are suitable for coarse fiber and even paper.

Valerian officinalis. Valerian is becoming increasingly rare in natural habitats. And yet it can still be found in low-lying swamps, swampy meadows, and wet forest edges. Large pinkish-lilac fragrant inflorescences decorate this plant in summer.

Its rhizome is 2-3 cm long and thick, biennial, with many cord-like roots, with a strong, peculiar odor.

Yellow egg capsule. This is the water lily's constant neighbor. Their leaves are similar, but the flowers of the egg capsule are different: yellow, small.

Common hellebore. It is an inhabitant of damp meadows, isolated lowland swamps and wet thickets of bushes. The popular names for hellebore are green anchar, top.
Hellebore is very poisonous!

Already 2g of fresh hellebore roots can kill a horse. Livestock usually do not touch hellebore, but young animals often die after eating it, and even their meat becomes poisonous. Hellebore is also dangerous in hay, since its poisons are not destroyed when dried. Hellebore poisons penetrate the blood even through the skin. If its juice gets on the skin, then first a burning sensation is felt, then coldness and sensitivity is completely lost.

Veh poisonous. This is a perennial plant with a thick rhizome and large leaves, cut into narrow lobes. It is found in low-lying swamps, marshy meadows, along the banks of rivers and lakes (the Latin name Cicuta comes from the Greek word meaning “empty”).

The rhizome of the vekha is especially poisonous, pink on the inside, empty, divided by partitions. It tastes like rutabaga or radish, and smells like carrots. 100-200g of raw rhizome already kills a cow, and 50-100g kills a sheep. Children, attracted by the juicy and appetizing-looking rhizome, and domestic animals are often poisoned by it. The poison affects and depresses the nervous system, reduces motor activity and blood pressure.

Progressive poisoning can be avoided by giving milk, eggs, and anticonvulsants.

And yet the poisonous milestone also has a certain practical significance.

Its roots and rhizomes in folk medicine are used externally in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, and some skin diseases. An infusion of Vekha herb is considered anticonvulsant and diaphoretic, expectorant and sedative. It is used to treat whooping cough, epilepsy, hysteria, stuttering, and psychosis.

Veh is also used in gardening. An infusion of its herbs is a good remedy against leaf-eating caterpillars and sawfly larvae.

Swamp whitewing.

This plant forms dense thickets along the marshy banks of rivers and lakes; It is found in lowland forests (spruce, black alder) and swampy swamps.

The plant is named as a whitewing due to the white leaf covering the inflorescence.

Marsh marigold. It often grows directly in the shallow water of rivers and lakes. It is noted that during the flowering period the plant is poisonous, but very large doses are needed for poisoning. Livestock does not eat it, but people eat marigold buds, preparing them in a special way and using them instead of capers as a seasoning for meat dishes.

Swamp plants are used for landscaping areas with high level soil moisture and acidity. They are usually used in lowlands and along wetlands to form landscape design. Look at the marsh plants in the photo and read brief characteristics each type in this review. This will allow you to select suitable types for landscaping your area. The names and photos of marsh plants are given in alphabetical order for ease of information retrieval.

The roots of these plants should be located near the shore, in the soil under water, most of the plant itself is above the surface of the water, in the air. These shallow water plants soften the boundary between water and shore, and their flowers and leaves decorate ponds and streams. There are many such plants; depending on the type, they are planted in water to a depth of 15-30 cm on a terrace in a pond or in shallow water. Their roots are located either in the basket or directly in the soil. Let's list some of them.

Calamus (Acorus calamus) and its photo

Calamus marsh (Acorus calamus)- This is a frost-resistant herbaceous perennial similar in appearance to iris, its height is up to 1 m, its leaves are sword-shaped and pointed. An interesting variety is “Variegata” with longitudinal cream stripes on the leaves; it reaches a height of 60-80 cm and is quite frost-resistant in the conditions of the Moscow region. Calamus grows well at a depth of 8-15 cm in the sun and shade, and perfectly purifies water.

Look at the photo of marsh calamus and options for its use:

Photo gallery

Marsh calla palustris and its photo

Swamp whitewing (Calla palustris)- this low perennial 15-20 cm high is interesting for its large white flowers with a yellow spadix, appearing from mid-May to the end of June. By the end of summer, bright red fruits are formed. It is planted at a depth of 5-10 cm, it improves water quality. If planted in a sunny place in calm water, its shiny heart-shaped leaves up to 20 cm wide will eventually completely cover the shore of the pond, the plant forms a dense carpet, grows quickly but is easily controlled.

This effect is well demonstrated by photos of the marsh calliper, which can be viewed below:

Photo gallery

Mannik (Glyceria) and its photo

Large or aquatic manna variety (G. maxima), "Variegata" with yellowish longitudinal stripes on the leaves reaches a height of 50-60 cm. It grows well in partial shade, takes root quickly, and is characterized by aggressive growth. In waterlogged areas and shallow water at a depth of up to 15 cm, it forms lush clumps, but it also grows well in dry areas. If you have planted this plant in some place in the garden, it will be difficult to completely destroy it. If you simply throw a piece of root into a natural reservoir, a huge, beautiful, abundantly flowering clump grows. Plant in an artificial pond only in a container.

Look at examples of using manna in the photos of plots:

Photo gallery

In addition to limiting growth and keeping it within certain limits, variegated glyceria does not require care. It is good for decorating the coastal zone of a reservoir and swamp. Although glyceria is an aggressor, it is a very decorative aggressor; do not expel it from the garden, just think in advance how to tame it.

Swamp iris (Iris pseudacorus) and its photo

This is the most unpretentious of all irises, growing in damp places in our region, with powerful strap-shaped vertical leaves up to 1.2 m tall and abundant flowering. Of particular note is the form of marsh iris with white flowers, as well as the variety with double flowers. The variegated form of the marsh iris “Variegata” is elegant, only 60-70 cm high; in the spring the leaves of this variety are white-green, and in the summer they turn completely green. Feels great in the sun and shade. Planting depth in water is 5-25cm.

Photo gallery

Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) and its photo

A perennial plant that forms loose bushes up to 40 cm in height, with leathery, shiny, rounded leaves. It blooms from the end of April for 20 days with golden-yellow flowers up to 4.5 cm in diameter. Prefers highly moist places, can also grow in dry places if there is abundant watering. planted to a depth of 5 cm.

An attractive species plant, but especially good garden forms with white flowers and double yellow flowers.

This is one of the earliest beautifully flowering coastal plants, as evidenced by photos of marsh marigold:

Photo gallery

Common arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) and its photo

They got their name because of their arrow-shaped surface leaves. It is planted at a depth of 8-12 cm. It blooms in June - August, on a triangular peduncle there are whorls with three flowers, each of which has three white petals with a crimson spot and three sepals.

Famous variety "Flore Pleno" with double flowers, winters without problems in the conditions of the Moscow region.

Photos of the common arrowhead amaze with the beauty of this plant:

Photo gallery

Umbrella hornbill (Butomus umbellatus) and its photo

This is one of the most attractive beautifully flowering aquatic plants. The long, narrow leaves have a triangular cross-section. Peduncles without leaves 0.7-1.2 m high are crowned with an umbrella of 20-30 pink flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Flowers do not bloom at the same time; each umbrella contains both buds, those that have just opened, and those that have already opened. wilted flowers. In the center of the flower there are bright crimson pistils and stamens. During flowering, susak is very decorative; it blooms in June - August.

It is planted to a depth of 8-10 cm, but the plant can also grow in swampy soil along the banks of the pond. The best place for planting - sunny, with nutritious soil. Divide the plant every two to three years, otherwise the quality of flowering will deteriorate.

A properly grown common arrowhead in the photo allows you to appreciate the power of this plant:

Photo gallery

Common reed (Phragmites australis) and its photo

A perennial species plant up to 4 m high, with long and thick, creeping rhizomes and erect stems with numerous nodes, too large for garden pond. It forms thickets in damp places and along the banks of natural reservoirs. The leaves of the species plant are grayish-green, hard, elongated, wide. The inflorescence is a large panicle with many individual brown-violet or yellowish small spikelets. Blooms in July - August.

Effective variety "Variegatus" only 1.5 m high with bright leaves with yellow longitudinal stripes. It grows well in shallow ponds and swampy soils, and can tolerate dry conditions, but grows much weaker. Prefers open ones sunny places. It is aggressive, requires limiting the growing area, cannot be planted in reservoirs with a film coating, its rhizomes easily pierce the film. Can be submerged in water up to 50 cm, but also thrives on the shore.

The various types of common reed in the photo demonstrate the possibilities of their use:

Photo gallery

Plantain chastuha (Alisma plantago-aquatica) and its photo

An aquatic plant with ovoid leaves, in July - August it blooms with pale pink flowers collected in a large pyramidal panicle up to 70 cm high. Chastuha is not demanding on growing conditions, tolerates poor soils, can grow in the sun and in partial shade, suitable for planting according to damp places and on the banks of reservoirs at a depth of 5-15 cm. Looks better in reservoirs decorated in a natural style.

Bog myrtle ( Сhamaedaphne calyculata)

Gentian pulmonary ( Gentiana pneumonia)

Mytnik scepter-shaped ( Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum)

Swamp mytnik ( P. palustris)

Losnyak Lezelya ( Liparis loeselii)

Dremlik swamp ( Epipactis palustris)

Marsh rosemary ( Ledum palustre)

Pulp unifoliate ( Malaxis monophyllos)

Three-cut rook ( Coraiiorhiza trifida)

Calypso bulbosa

Swamp whitewing ( Calla palustris)

Sundew rotundifolia ( Drosera rotundifolia)

Marsh cinquefoil ( Comarum palustre)

Three-leaf watch ( Comarum palustre)

Common cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccus)

Swamp medicinal plants

Sem. Equisetaceae – Equisetaceae

Equisetum marsh – Equisetum palustre

Sem. Poaaceae (Gramineae)

Short-tailed foxtail – Alopecurus aequalis

Sem. Sedges – Cyperaceae

Hairy sedge – Carex hirta

Cotton grass vaginalis – Eriophorum vaginatum

P. latifolia – E. latifolia

P. multispike - E. polystachyon

Sem. Irrigaceae – Iridaceae

Yellow Iris – Iris pseudacorus

Sem. Willow – Salicaceae

Silver poplar – Populus alba

Aspen – Populus tremula

T. black (sedge) – P. nigra

Willow five-stamen - Salix pentandra

I. brittle – S. fragilis

I. white – S. alba

I. purple – S. purpurea

I. Russian – S. rossica

I. goat - S. caprea

Sem. Birch - Betulaceae

Birch is low - Betula humilis

Sticky alder (O. black) – Alnus glutinosa

O. gray – A. incana

Sem. Cloves – Caryophyllaceae

Swamp chickweed – Stellaria palustris

Sem. Ranunculaceae – Ranunculaceae

Marsh marigold – Caltha palustris

Simple basil - Thalictrum simplex

Burning buttercup - Ranunculus flamula

L. poisonous - R. sceleratus

L. creeping – R. repens

Sem. Brassicas (cruciferous) – Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

Marsh geranium - Rorippa palustris

J. amphibian – R.amphibia

The core is bitter - Cardamine amara

Sem. Sundews – Droseraceae

Sundew rotundifolia – Drosera rotundifolia

R. English – D. anglica

Sem. Saxifraga – Saxifragaceae

Swamp saxifrage – Saxifraga hirculus

Sem. Pink – Rosaceae

Meadowsweet - Filipendula ulmaria

Potentilla erecta - Potentilla erecta

Sem. Geraniums – Geraniaceae

Swamp geranium – Geranium palustre

Sem. Buckthorn – Rhamnaceae

Alder buckthorn – Frangula alnus

Sem. Fireweed – Onagraceae

Hairy fireweed - Epilobium hirsutum

Sem. Slanoberry - Haloragaceae

Uru spica - Myriophyllum spicatum

Sem. Celery (umbrella) – Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Water maker - Oenanthe aquatica

Vekh (hemlock) poisonous – Cicuta virosa

Angelica officinalis – Archangelica officinalis

Broad-leaved porridge - Sium latifolia

Marsh gorichnik – Peucedanum palustre

Sem. Ericaceae – Ericaceae

Common marsh myrtle - Chamaedaphne calyculata

Podbel polyfolia (Andromeda) – Andromeda polyfolia

Swamp cranberry (K. four-petalled) – Oxycoccus palustre

K. small-fruited - O. microcarpa

Sem. Primroses – Primulaceae

Common loosestrife - Lysimachia vulgaris

Sem. Borage - Boraginaceae

Forget-me-not swamp - Myosotis palustris

Sem. Lamiaceae – Lamiaceae (Labiata)

European zyuznik – Lycopus europaeus

Common skull cap - Scutellaria galericulata

Swamp chist - Stachis palustris

Sem. Norichnikovye – Scrophulariaceae

Veronica in-line – Veronica beccabunga

V. key – V. anagallis- aquatica

Sem. Rubiaceae – Rubiaceae

Marsh bedstraw – Galium palustre

P. marshy – G. uliginosum

Sem. Asteraceae (Asteraceae) – Asteraceae (Compositae)

The line is drooping - Bidens cernua

Marsh dry grass – Gnaphalium uliginosum

Test questions for the excursion to the swamp.

Why does soil waterlogging occur?

Define “swamp biocenosis”.

What features of sphagnum moss cause the formation of a peat layer?

How to explain the ability of sphagnum moss to hold large amounts of water and retain it easily?

Why does the temperature in a peat bog decrease as the depth of the hole increases?

Why does decomposition of plant residues not occur in a peat bog?

What are the most important morphological characteristics mosses using the example of cuckoo flax and sphagnum?

What components are included in peat, besides mosses?

Is it possible to determine its origin by the color of peat?

What general features are observed in the microstructure of the vegetative organs of marsh plants?

How can we explain the presence of air-bearing tissue in many swamp plants?

What signs of underground organs provide herbaceous plants life in the swamp?

Why are the leaves of many marsh plants pubescent and curved on the underside?

Do they differ in appearance, the size of the annual growth of blueberry and lingonberry shoots grown in a swamp from those living in a coniferous forest?

Due to what reasons do swamp plants have small annual growth, small height and size compared to plants of other phytocenoses?

Why did insectivorous marsh plants develop this feeding method?

How to determine the age of a sundew?

Why do cattails help drain swamps?

What practical significance do peat bogs have?

Which of the shrubs and shrubs found in the swamp are evergreen and which are summer green?

What are the most significant differences between the leaves of evergreen and summergreen shrubs and shrubs?

How does oppression of pine and other trees manifest themselves? woody plants(birch, willow) grown in a swamp? (Trunk and crown shape, annual shoots, their length, branching, number and size of leaves on individual shoots, etc.).

Not every vegetation can survive in wetlands. This is because a swamp is an area with high humidity. Any plant that exists near water absorbs maximum amount liquids. Because of this, water displaces oxygen, and some types of plant origin cannot cope with such living conditions. Depending on the types of wetlands, there are a variety of plants that can be found in these areas.

High quality swamp plants

There is a distribution of plants by species and classes. The most valuable representatives of the biological kingdom that grow in swamps are:

Pemphigus

Other types of swamp plants

It should be noted that the following representatives also grow in the swamps: flora: swamp myrtle, white grass, cotton grass, manna, rush, cloudberry, whitewing, heartwood, chickweed, violet.

Myrtle bog

Podbel

Cotton grass

Manna

Sitnik

Core

Chistets

Violet

One of the most beautiful plants considered to be a buttercup - it blooms extraordinary yellow flowers, but is poisonous.

Buttercup

A drop of juice can cause a severe allergic reaction and blistering. No less beautiful plant is iris. The diameter of the charming flowers reaches 6-8 cm. Flowering can last more than one month.

Iris

Unusual swamp plants

Among the well-known plants, there are also those that are rarely seen in swamps. These include skull cap, chin, horsetail, poisonous weed, palmate root, speedwell and loosestrife.

Skullcap

China

Horsetail

Poisonous milestone

fingerroot

Veronica

Loosestrife

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