A simple knife. DIY knife sharpener - drawings

Often, ordinary abrasive stones are used to sharpen knives at home. But their use requires special practice, since if the angle for sharpening is incorrect, the result will be disastrous. The blade will not have proper sharpness, which will require additional processing.

Rules for sharpening knives

Before you start making homemade device To sharpen knives, you need to familiarize yourself with the recommendations of specialists. At the first stage, it is necessary to determine the angle between the working part of the blade and the block. This can be done individually for each model.

The knife should be positioned strictly perpendicular to the direction of the block. The angle in this case can be equal to half the sharpening. This is due to the fact that during processing, grooves are formed on the surface of the blade. They appear due to exposure to abrasive components. With minimal tool grit, they will be negligible. But there will also be a small degree of impact on the knife.

In addition to this factor, when sharpening a knife with your own hands, you should consider:

• the average sharpening angle is 20-25 degrees;
• processing is performed from the beginning of the blade;
• To control the sharpening angle, you can paint over part of the blade with a marker. In this way, the actual area of ​​influence can be controlled.

It should be remembered that the deformation along the entire length of the working blade will be non-uniform. Therefore, when sharpening with your own hands, the “point of reference” should be the bluntest part of the knife.

The grooves formed due to the impact of the bar must be strictly perpendicular to the line of the knife. This is the main condition for proper sharpening.

Selecting whetstones for sharpening knives

Main component homemade machine There will be a whetstone for sharpening. This abrasive material, which, when applied to the blade, thins it, increasing its sharpness. Therefore, before choosing a design, you should choose the right bars.

The main indicator of the bar is the grain size, but the dimensions should also be taken into account. Ideally, the length of the tool should be no less than the length of the knife. This will ensure uniform processing and reduce the likelihood of defects.

To sharpen knives with your own hands, you will need the following types of whetstones:

• high grain size. With their help, primary processing occurs, the shape of the blade is corrected;
• medium grit. They are designed to remove grooves formed during the first operation;
• whetstone or leather belt rubbed with GOM paste. This stage is called polishing or final finishing blades.

The main task of drawing up a design diagram is correct location bars. Therefore, we will consider several options for fixing them relative to the knife blade.

For sharpening ordinary kitchen knives Two types of bars will be enough - with high and medium grain size. In addition to them you will need a touchstone.

A simple version of the machine

The simplest version of the machine design consists of two pairs wooden slats, connected to each other using adjustable screws. A block is attached between these components.

The main condition for the manufacture of this structure is stability. While working, it should not change its location on the desktop. For better fixation of the beam, it is recommended to provide support strips located between the wooden components.

Despite the ease of making it yourself, this machine has a number of disadvantages:

• the blade is manually adjusted relative to the stone. At long work it is not always possible to control the sharpening angle;
• an additional fixation unit will be required. Since the structure must be stable, it must be firmly fixed on the desktop;
• During operation, the ties may loosen, thereby changing the location of the bar.

The main advantage of this scheme is its ease of manufacture. The design is suitable for sharpening kitchen knives at home. Touchstone will be required as additional components.

The thickness of the wooden slats may vary. In fact for self-made For a similar design, you can use any available materials.

Manual sharpening machine with whetstone adjustment

To achieve the best result, it is recommended to take drawings of factory tool models as a basis. Their difference from the instructions described above lies in the rigid fixation of the knife, but this will require great effort to manufacture.

The design consists of a support table on which the knife blade is mounted. A screw stand is installed in a vertical position. A bar with a slot is attached to it. The whetstone is mounted on a guide rod. The sharpening angle is changed by moving the slotted bar along the screw post.

Features of operating a machine of this type:

• The sharpening angle is set with high accuracy. Its change depends on the thread pitch of the rack;
• Instead of a block, you can use sandpaper. For this purpose, a base is made of plexiglass. A hole is made along it for installation on the guide rod. Sandpaper is glued to the surface of the plexiglass;
• It is best to make the supporting base wide. This will make it possible to secure it with clamps on any tabletop.

The main problem with using this design is the long adjustment of the sharpening angle. This may affect the speed of work completion if several types of knives are processed. Each of them requires a long setup of the machine.

To increase the quality, you can use water or oil. They are applied to the abrasive surface, thereby reducing the impact of chipped stone particles on the blade.

Sharpening machine with adjustable knife position

An alternative option for manufacturing the machine is to change the position of the knife relative to the stone. In general, the design is in many ways similar to that described above, but much simpler to manufacture.

A movable fastening block for a pin with a stone is installed on the base. Two clamps are mounted on the same plane. One of them will be persistent, and the second will be adjustable. By changing the distances between the clamps you can adjust the sharpening angle.

The main disadvantage of this design is the wear of the bar in one place. To solve this problem, it is recommended to make a long pin to adjust the position of the edge relative to the blade.

In addition to the schemes described above, there are a lot of sharpening machines that you can make yourself. When choosing the optimal model, you should proceed from the actual availability of available materials. It is also recommended to analyze factory machines. Often they are the basis for the manufacture of a unique design.

With repeated use of knives, every housewife faces a problem when they begin to become dull and it becomes simply impossible to work with them. In addition, this is unsafe, since the knife can slip while cutting and injure you. To prevent this from happening, knives should be sharpened in a timely manner using a special sharpening device.

You can buy a knife sharpener at your nearest hardware store or at the market, where they will offer you different kinds devices. You will have to choose yourself. But in order not to make a mistake, you need to know how to correctly evaluate them in terms of convenience and quality of use.

The offered options do not always satisfy consumers, so many make sharpeners with their own hands, using special stones, tools and drawing sketches with dimensions. The photo shows the options homemade sharpeners for knives.

Features of knife sharpening

When sharpening knives, the main thing to do is correct angle contact between the edges of the blades so that they serve you long and efficiently. Therefore, when sharpening knives yourself, it is necessary to maintain the existing angle of the blades.

Each knife blade has its own optimal angles:

• from 10 to 15 degrees - for a medical scalpel or straight razor;
• from 15 to 20 degrees – for household knives used for cutting bread products, vegetables or fruits;
• from 20 to 25 degrees – for multifunctional knives for cutting a variety of products;
• from 25 to 30 degrees – for reliable companions of hunters and tourists on long hikes;
• from 30 to 40 degrees - for cutting materials that are particularly hard.

To sharpen the correct blade angle, you can't do without special devices, since it is difficult to do this manually.

The design of such devices is not complicated, so it is easy and quick to make it yourself, and detailed instructions for making sharpeners you can borrow from the Internet.

Types of knife sharpeners

From a large assortment of different types of knife sharpeners, choosing the right option for yourself is quite simple.

The main elements of the sharpening device are a stop for fixing the knife and an abrasive stone, which is used as ready-made abrasive materials (stones) or self-made. But before you get to work, you need to learn how to properly make a knife sharpener with your own hands.

Types of sharpening stones

There are several types of whetstones:

• aquatic. Sharpening stones used in water are less likely to wear out during use.
• oil The structure and configuration are similar to aquatic ones, but with a more oily surface.
• natural. For their production, only natural raw materials are used with pre-treatment during the production process.
• artificial. In this case, the name speaks for itself, i.e. the abrasive material is created artificially.
• rubber. They are not as common as the previous ones, and they are also inconvenient during use.

What can you make a sharpener from?

To make a whetstone with your own hands, you can use the most in a simple way. Take a small rectangular glass plate about 5mm thick. Using double-sided tape, secure the strips on both sides sandpaper coarse and medium grain.

The block is ready for use; if necessary, worn sandpaper can be easily replaced with a new one. This method is the most budget-friendly.

The disadvantages of this device include:

• rapid wear of the abrasive and fragility of the product (when fastening the timber you need to be careful that the glass does not crack).
• possible overheating of the material during rapid movements during the sharpening process.

You can find the best ideas for knife sharpeners on their respective websites.

Wooden bars

This method of making a tool for sharpening knives is also simple and accessible to everyone. You will need four identical bars: two abrasive and two wooden.

Before starting work, sand the wood blocks with sandpaper so that their surface becomes smooth without burrs. Mark the block according to the required angle of inclination. Apply a whetstone and mark its width on a block of wood.

Note!

Make cuts 1.5 cm deep according to the mark and insert abrasives into the grooves. Secure the stones with bolts. A piece of rubber attached to the bottom will give the structure stability.

In addition, you can make an adjustable sharpener with your own hands, but the next article will tell you how to do this.

Photos of DIY knife sharpeners

Note!

Note!

Even the most primitive sharpening machine costs money. This thing is necessary, since scissors and especially knives must always be in good condition. At the dacha, sharpened tools, such as pruning shears, a shovel, an ax and others, are needed even more often; sharpening them manually is not an option at all - it’s just a waste of time. You can make a sharpening machine with your own hands, especially if you have an unnecessary old washing machine. How to make it, first things first.

What do we take to make a machine?

To assemble a home sharpening machine, you will mainly need a working motor from washing machine. You can take a 200 W electric motor from a Soviet washing machine, for example, from Rigi-17 SMR-1.5. Although some say that the optimal power is 400 W, while others say that with a power of more than 300 W, the sharpening wheel can fly into pieces. For rare use of the sharpening machine, a motor of 1000 rpm is sufficient.

You won’t need anything else from the washing machine; everything else will have to be turned or cut from scrap material with your own hands. And you will need:

• metal 2-2.5 mm thick for the casing for the sharpener;
• tube for turning the flange;
• grindstone;
• nut for securing the stone to the pulley;
• starting device;
• electrical cable with plug;
• metal corner or wooden block for the manufacture of a bed;

Preparing the flange

The first step is to make a flange or buy a ready-made one. It should be similar in diameter to the engine bushing, and the sharpening stone should fit well on it. The flange is a transition piece between the motor and the sharpener. If you make it from a piece of pipe with your own hands, then you need to cut a thread at one end, approximately at a distance of 2 times the thickness of the circle. A tap is used to cut threads.

The second end of the tube is pressed onto the engine shaft by heating, and then secured by welding or a bolt, drilling through hole in the tube and in the shaft. Below is a drawing from which you can turn a flange with a turner. Do not forget to indicate all diameters according to your engine and whetstone if you order this work.

When cutting a thread and putting a grinding wheel on the shaft, you need to take into account the direction in which the wheel will rotate. The thread must be opposite to the rotation of the engine so that the nut holding the circle does not unscrew during operation.

Connect the engine and assemble the base

The next stage of work is connecting the motor from the washing machine to electric wire with a fork with your own hands. To do this, you need to find the starting and operating windings of the motor from a Soviet machine. To do this, use a multimeter and measure the resistance. The working resistance is 12 Ohms, and the starting winding resistance is 30 Ohms. TO electrical cable connect the terminals of the working winding. With this connection, the grinding wheel will need to be rotated by hand. That's why many people make a start button for this.

You can use a bell button as a trigger, but not an ordinary capacitor. Connecting a capacitor will cause the washing machine motor winding to burn out.

Using the motor from an automatic washing machine, you can do without a start button. Grinder will work immediately after being plugged into the network. The diagram on the right shows such a connection. The most important thing is to correctly determine the output of the working winding of the motor.

Important! When working with electricians, you need to be careful; if you doubt your abilities, contact a specialist.

And the last thing that needs to be done is the bed or base on which the machine will be mounted. In addition, it is imperative to have a protective cover over the grinding wheel, because whetstone Small pieces and dust may fly. Protective cover, it is best to make it from metal 2-2.5 mm thick, although there are options for self-made machines with thick plastic protection. The bed can also be different, the most reliable is made of a metal corner. Some people attach the machine to the wall, while others prefer a portable sharpener.

This is the advantage of a homemade sharpener; you make it for yourself so that it is convenient for you to work on it. The photo shows some options for homemade machines.

A sharpening machine is one of the most common do-it-yourself devices made from a washing machine engine. You can make anything from such a part, if you want, even. But you need to be careful not only when making such equipment, but also when using it, so as not to harm your health. Good luck!

Materials

1. Plywood or plastic plate 10 mm thick.
2. Screws, wing screws, washers and rod (0.5 m) with M6 or M8 thread.
3. Used magnets hard drive computer

4. Bearing from an old coffee grinder.

5. Emery (abrasive skins) sheets and bars of different grain sizes: 120, 320, 600, 1500.

Manufacturing

1. The stationary part of the machine is made of plywood (plastic). Strips 30 cm long and 5 cm long and (10...12) cm wide are fastened with the letter G from the bottom with an aluminum corner. In the upper part we install 1 or 2 magnets (we fill them epoxy resin). We drill a hole in the lower opposite part and install a threaded rod (height 12...15 cm) with a bearing vertically.

On the surface (to support the knife being sharpened) we install a prepared aluminum (or stainless steel) plate with a slot in the middle (up to 2 mm thick) with a wing clamp.

2. The moving part has two options:

Option A. For sharpening with whetstones.

Option B. For sharpening with abrasive cloths.

U aluminum profile 4 sides 25mm wide.

A strip of abrasive sandpaper of different grain sizes is glued to each side: 120, 320, 600, 1500. For stickers, I use a stationery glue stick. Afterwards, the used strip of skin is easily removed with a knife and a new strip is glued on.

Sharpening process

1. Install the knife to be sharpened as in the photo.

The knife is clearly fixed by a magnet and there is no need to secure it mechanically.
Using a movable stop, we set the knife up to the required position and secure the stop with a wing screw.
We place the moving part of the machine on the knife.

Now we set the sharpening angle by lowering or lifting the bearing using screws.

For the first sharpening, turn the side with the minimum grit number 120 (the coarsest) towards the knife blade.
sharpen until you get a continuous strip on the edge of the blade (0.5...1 mm wide)
We turn the knife over and repeat everything.
We continue the process with sandpaper 320, 600, 1500.
Now you can shave with a knife.

The same procedure for sharpening with sharpening stones. But in this case there are several disadvantages:

1. The middle part of the block wears out over time and then the sharpening angle “floats”, which is not the case in the first option.
2. Bars with different grain sizes need to be changed, but in the first option, to change the grain size you only need to rotate the edge. The bar is removed by pressing the spring with two fingers.

All knives are now fully sharpened. If some of the knives become dull during use. I only sharpen these 600 or 1500 grit knives with two or three strokes on each side of the knife.
Thank you for your attention!
"Useful homemade products"from Gamir Khamitov.

Almost every person in life is faced with the question of sharpening knives. After all, any knife, regardless of its quality, sooner or later becomes dull. Therefore, the blade must be carefully maintained.

In stores today you can choose any sharpener from a huge variety.

What types of sharpening stones are there?

In general, there are several main types of such devices. Namely:

Oil-based, on the surface of which there is oil, specifically to save material.

Water, similar to the previous one, but water is used here.

Natural, industrially processed.

Artificial, made from non-natural materials.

Rubber, extremely rare. Completely inconvenient to use.

Nuances in the matter of sharpening

Every knife sharpening has its moments.

For example, Japanese self-sharpening requires special attention from a fairly experienced specialist, since Japanese look steel is quite brittle. To sharpen them, manufacturers recommend using different water stones with different grain sizes.

Housewives use store-bought sharpeners for sharpening. When using several knives, their sharpness remains longer.

But this is very important, even though it takes a lot of time and effort.

How to sharpen knives correctly?

To do this you need to create special conditions. Thanks to them, the knife will remain sharp for a very long time.

Therefore, it is important to choose the right angle at which you will sharpen your knives. According to the basic rule in this matter, than smaller angle, under which the knife is sharpened, the stronger the cutting edge will be.

It is important not to forget that the next sharpening depends on the maximum sharpness. The sharper the knife, the faster you will have to sharpen it. At the same time, making it “workable” again will be much more difficult.

Why do they sharpen knives?

The purpose of sharpening is to restore the sharpness of the blade. To do this, take care of the correct sharpening angle. That is, it is necessary to restore the previously specified angle, which complies with the standards from a technological point of view.

To check how well the sharpening is done, cut the material that is cut by the blade of this particular knife. If the material is cut simply, you will do everything absolutely correctly.

Possible problems during the sharpening process

In order to choose the right desired angle, it is important to have some experience, without which it is quite difficult to cope in this matter. And even more so if it doesn’t special equipment for this.

After all, if you hold a knife with your hands during the sharpening process, it is quite difficult to achieve its ideal “sharpness” as a result.

How do you sharpen knives at home?

Sometimes it happens that the knife needs to be sharpened quickly. A block of wood, a hacksaw, sandpaper, a ceramic plate, a chisel, etc. may come in handy here.

And there are even those who can sharpen them on a foundation made of cement and sand. But this method is not recommended at all. After all, there are a lot of other and more proven ones!

The best of all is to make homemade device. This is not only convenient, but also hardly distinguishable from the factory one.

How to sharpen a planer knife

Knives of this type can be handled by an experienced professional craftsman who has not only knowledge, but also skills in this matter. The process is actually quite complicated.

At the same time, it is quite difficult to find equipment for sharpening such a knife in a simple store. You should know what will help here modern instrument, in which you can set low speed with water cooling.

You need to use a new stone with a smooth surface. The best type of stone will be the water type.

Moreover, without having certain experience and skills in sharpening planing knives, you can also contact a service station, which probably has equipment such as a sharpener.