The house project is a combination of foam blocks and timber. Types of combined houses made of stone and wood: design and construction

The main advantage of combined projects is the combination of different wall materials from which they are taken best characteristics and properties. Simply put, these houses are more comfortable to live in than those made entirely of stone, and are completely safer. wooden houses.

The lower, stone floor usually has a garage, boiler room, swimming pool or sauna, kitchen, storage room and laundry room. Thus, these rooms are not exposed to moisture and fire. However, concrete lacks the comfortable feeling of warmth and naturalness. This disadvantage can be solved by construction combined project, in which the second floor is designed with wooden wall material, giving a cozy and healthy atmosphere. The upper, wooden floor is a living area with bedrooms, a nursery, and an office for work. As you know, wood “breathes” because it has pores and allows air to pass through. Relaxing and sleeping in wood is much more pleasant and easier than in concrete.

The base of a combined house is usually made of:

• brick
• building blocks (gas blocks, foam block, wood concrete, keramite, expanded clay block)
• monolith
• a natural stone

The second and subsequent floors are designed from:

• timber - regular, glued, profiled
• log - planed or rounded
• frame technology with wood-look cladding
• made of sip panels - also with wood finish

An excursion into the history of combined projects

The combination of stone and wood has been used in the construction of houses for a very long time, both in Russia and abroad. Initially the basis for this method The construction was inspired by the chalet style, common among the inhabitants of the Alpine mountains. A stone foundation was necessary to firmly plant the house on the mountain slopes and to withstand snow and wind. The residential roof was built of wood and had wide roof overhangs to protect from rain, which is currently “ business card» of this architectural style.

In our country, houses using stone and wood were quite popular among merchants, wealthy artisans and kulaks. The lower stone floors were used by merchants as warehouses and shops, and by artisans as workshops. The second wooden floor was used as a residential floor. Such combined houses were cheaper than completely stone ones, and were more durable than completely wooden ones; thanks to the elevation of the wooden part above the ground, it was protected from flooding and less susceptible to fires. Total benefit!

Features of designing combined houses

As previously stated, main feature combined projects is a symbiosis of the strength of the stone of the first floor and the lightness of the wood of the upper floors. Of course, without good foundation this cannot be done, but its load will be less in the case of designing and building two floors from stone at once. And since the foundation is usually 25% of the total price of the house, you can save quite a decent amount on it. Unlike blocks, wood on the second floor will not require global finishing, except for priming and painting, so you can save money at this stage as well.

Combined houses do not require a long time to shrink. You can move into these houses immediately upon completion of the basic construction - having finished only the lower, stone floor. Wooden part, as in conventional wooden houses, will shrink up to 1.5-2 years, so it is not recommended to finish it and move in immediately.

Savings on the construction of combined projects can also be obtained on thermal insulation, because, unlike an entirely stone house, a combined one requires less thermal insulation. It is also not necessary to treat the entire house with an antiseptic, unlike the whole wooden house.

The tree is removed from the ground, and therefore from exposure to moisture. From stone building materials, you can safely build rooms such as a boiler room, a bathroom - even with a sauna, even with a swimming pool, or a living room with a fireplace. As a result, the customer of the combined project will receive, at a low price, a competent, technologically advanced building, the materials of which are used by each person precisely for their own purposes.

A pleasant and unusual appearance is guaranteed if you choose a combined house project. A log or beam looks aesthetically pleasing and of good quality, and the finishing of the first floor is made of artificial stone or plaster will give appearance respectability. Our company’s specialists can design the facades either as a single whole or by preserving an unforgettable combination of wood and stone!

Modern houses are diverse architectural styles and provide a wide field of activity for unusual design solutions. Nowadays, low-rise houses and cottages are very popular. For those who strive for exclusivity and sophistication in the construction of their home, there is an excellent solution - a house combined type.

History of the chalet

A combined stone house combines environmental friendliness, strength and individuality. They can combine wood and stone, timber and brick. They are very practical and sometimes even cost-effective.

Combined buildings have been used for a very long time. Their ancestors are the houses of alpine shepherds or so-called chalets. These buildings had a stone bottom, and the superstructures and terraces were made of lighter materials or wood. Now such structures are firmly entrenched in our lives.

Advantages and advantages of combined buildings

Projects combined houses, built from mixed materials, are very practical. Their advantage over other housing options exceeds all expectations. Usually Bottom part The combined house is built of stone and is considered fireproof. This is, first of all, excellent fire protection.

In this part, premises that require reliable protection from fires: kitchen, garage, sauna, bathhouse and household premises, such as a laundry room or boiler room. In addition, stone and wood are environmentally friendly building material and have high strength, which ensures the durability of the building.

Another advantage of the combined type of construction is heat conservation. The lower floor, made of brick, will keep you cool even in hot weather; in winter, warmth is maintained by heating system. Upper tier the structure is made of wood and, according to the laws of physics, will always remain warm, even in the absence of heating, since wood retains heat perfectly, and it usually goes up.

But the main advantage of such buildings is their low cost, because the materials used for construction can be purchased in your region and without delivery from other areas, which significantly reduces their cost, and construction does not require the use of special equipment and the time for their commissioning is significantly reduced.

In addition to all these advantages, the combination diversifies the architecture, allows for free planning and individual solutions in the decoration of facades and interiors.

Selection of material for construction

In the construction of combined houses, stones of natural origin can be used, but their cost will be very high. To reduce the cost of construction estimates, foam blocks, bricks, or poured stones are usually used in the construction of the first floor. monolithic concrete, since it is this tier that will bear the main load.

In the construction of the second floor, more lightweight material- natural timber coniferous trees or aspen. Most often, to reduce the cost, a house is built from combined timber. This is not inferior in design and quality to buildings made from natural materials.

Thanks to special manufacturing technology, a building made from this material will last even longer than one made from natural wood.

Combining materials during construction

Brick and wood play the same role as finishing materials, so they can be easily combined. Building a house from combined bricks may not require additional finishing of the facade, since the wood-brick combination itself looks attractive, the main thing is to choose the right architectural style.

It is not necessary to design a building according to the scheme: the first floor is stone, the second is wood. It is possible to provide a frame for the second floor not made of wood, but of metal, then in the construction of the second floor there will be elements of masonry or panoramic glazing, which will give the cottage a more interesting architectural option.

If a combined house has three levels, then it is most reliable to carry it out according to the project: ground floor– concrete monolith; the first is a brick, and the second is wood, timber or metal carcass followed by display glazing.

Finishing of the combined facade

The combined building does not have a specific style in the design of the facade. When choosing a building project, it is important to decide on its finishing. This may be designed in the same style, which will eliminate the external difference between the first and second floors.

Options for such finishing may be different: masonry facing bricks, panel design or decorative plaster. Alternative option design can be a combined facade of the house. This is the difference in finish for the bottom and top parts Houses.

The first floor can be faced with brick, natural or decorative stone, ceramic tiles. If the second floor is made of timber, then it can be left in its original form, simply varnished, or it can be lined with clapboard or wall panels.

Disadvantages of combined houses and choice of project

Having made a choice in favor of a combined building, one must also take into account its disadvantages. We must not forget that stone will last longer than wood and the service life of the first and second tiers is not the same. Therefore, when choosing a material, you need to carefully study the technologies used to produce it, make a choice in favor of high-quality wood, and to assemble the frame, it is better to turn to specialists.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the correct installation of communications in order to avoid moisture getting on the wooden base and the quality of sealing of all wooden structures.

Before starting to build a house, it is important to decide on its external architecture, make a choice of design and design of the building itself. To do this, you can contact construction companies, study photos of combined houses, get advice from experienced designer and then the dream of a two-story cottage will become a reality.

Photos of combined houses

Private, beautiful spacious house, built with your own hands, attracts many. But it's one thing to dream about own home, and it’s completely different to erect a structure from the foundation to the roof. Today, residential buildings made of stone and wood are very popular.

The chalet style is gaining momentum and becoming a fashionable trend in construction. Designers offer a variety of designs for combined houses belonging to the elite, middle and economy classes. In most cases, future owners of private housing are interested in inexpensive projects combined houses made of stone and wood.

In addition to low cost, combined chalet houses made of stone and wood attract a lot of advantages. Among these, it should be noted:

• Durability of the structure.
• High level of wear resistance and strength.
• Fire safety.

Plus, wooden structures are cozy and heat-preserving. And in combination with brickwork, such a structure looks beautiful and solid. To ensure that the materials used are not wasted, craftsmen recommend thinking in advance in what way they will be used. The most popular is the project of a combined house in the chalet style.

Not good options

Designs of combined houses are different. Reviews from masters claim that not all of them are successful. For example, an option in which a brick structure is first built and then lined with wood paneling can ultimately lead to damage to the materials. Let's not forget that brick and wood have different coefficients thermal expansion. If brickwork When clad with wood correctly, sufficient distance must be left between the materials. But over time, insects and rodents may appear in this space.

The reverse option is also possible, in which wooden structure lined with brick. But rearranging the sequence of materials used does not change the essence. Between layers of materials, mold, mildew, and bark beetles can form.

Best projects

Reviews about turnkey combined houses made of stone and wood claim that the most optimal combination of materials is floor-by-floor, as shown in the photo. For example, a project for such a structure might look like this:

• The first floor is a brick building in which the utility rooms– kitchen, dining room, boiler room, guest room with fireplace.
• The second floor is made of wood. A bedroom, a nursery, and guest rooms are located here. The delicate aroma of wood will promote relaxation and tranquility.

Reviews from masters claim that to create ideal project combined house, it is necessary to take into account the requirements and wishes of the customer. In any case, the master must warn the future owner that it is better to place utilities on the ground floor. Considering the lightness of wood, there is no need to build from of this material first floor. The supporting walls must be made of stone so that the house as a whole is strong and reliable.

Variations

Combined turnkey stone-wood house of economy class, can be built from concrete monolithic foundation, ceramic bricks and pine wood. Since the house is two-story, stairs inside the structure are a must.

An excellent choice is wooden stairs inside the house and monolithic ones outside. A magnificent addition to the building is the attic on the second floor, which has decorative finishing similar in color to the decoration of the walls of the first floor.

Economy-class projects of combined houses made of stone and wood in the chalet style must necessarily include a spacious terrace. This structural element is distinctive feature such housing. One more mandatory element successful project in the chalet style, is the presence of a flat roof with a wide wingspan. Thanks to this solution, the wood part of the structure is protected from moisture and precipitation.

Combined houses made of stone and wood, the designs of which usually include a brick (stone, concrete) first (ground) floor and wooden second (attic ) is an attempt to level out the disadvantages of some materials at the expense of the advantages of others. Stone (brick) is a very strong, durable and reliable material, but at the same time it takes a very long time to warm up and requires both internal and often external finishing work.

Wood is an environmentally friendly and healthy material with excellent thermal insulation, but it is also very fire hazardous and relatively short-lived. Combining these materials allows you to minimize costs while ensuring maximum energy savings and high speed construction.

Features of designing combined houses

House designs using stone and wood have a fairly long architectural history. These include half-timbered houses, which wooden frame filled with stones, or alpine chalets, which were originally the dwellings of shepherds.

However, the construction of a combined house made of wood and stone was quite common in Russian architecture - in the 19th century, enterprising merchants mediocre, minimizing costs, built two-story houses, in which the first floor made of stone was “business” - it housed a store (shop) or office. But the second floor was allocated for living space.

A combined stone-wood house will allow you to make the most of strengths each material:

• the use of brick (stone, concrete blocks) - a non-combustible material - on the ground floor is quite justified, because there is a living room with fireplace, kitchen, possibly a garage and other rooms with an increased risk of fire. In addition, in this case it will be easier to obtain permission and install the boiler on the ground floor

• durability - to the greatest negative impact(moisture, fungus, mold, insects) are exposed to lower crowns wooden house, close to the ground. The first floor, built of brick, will last for decades without reducing reliability, because brick is practically not affected by negative natural factors, and wood will be protected from moisture and the influence of groundwater

Advice! When designing combined houses, you can abandon the high foundation characteristic of wooden houses - brick can withstand moisture well.

• profitability - in financially a combined brick + wood house will cost less than a complete house brick house, and this is only if we take into account the cost of the material. It is worth considering additional costs: insulation brick walls, Finishing work, heating the residential floor - the financial benefits will be especially noticeable

• energy efficiency - wood retains heat much better than brick, which will save on heating the living area, but you should not neglect the insulation of the basement

• combining materials will significantly reduce total weight buildings, so you can further save on laying the foundation

Advice! To further reduce weight, the second floor can be constructed using non-material timber or rounded logs, but use frame technology

• speed of construction - both the brick and wooden parts of the house are built quite quickly, but while the wooden part is shrinking (this can take up to a year for rounded logs, for laminated veneer lumber this is not very significant), you can finish the first floor and even move into it

• aesthetics - combining materials allows you to get a very unusual and attractive exterior; such designs make it possible to implement interesting and non-standard design solutions and approaches.

The first floor, built of brick, is distinguished by its excellent practical advantages - it is stable, strong, ideal for equipment bathrooms, laundry, boiler room, mini-pool, warm garage, as well as a kitchen, dining room and living room. The second floor, built of wood, is distinguished by an atmosphere of comfort and warmth, thanks to its natural qualities, wood provides natural air exchange and humidity regulation, so it is optimal to equip rooms with a minimum engineering communications and installations - bedrooms, children's rooms, office.

IN modern construction there is a gradual abandonment of brick in favor of aerated concrete or other types cellular concrete. First of all, they are lighter, which allows for additional savings on laying the foundation. Important point– with the same strength, aerated concrete has significantly better thermal insulation performance than brick. But the second floor can be built from rounded logs, profiled or laminated timber, or frame method.

There are two approaches to designing the facade of combined houses:

• unified style - in this case, the entire house is decorated in the same style, the difference between floors is completely eliminated, for which both decorative plaster and siding can be used. Brick floor can be finished imitation timber, block house, clapboard, etc., so that visually the house is completely wooden

• different design - the second floor in this case remains untouched (the wood can only be additionally painted or varnished), the first floor is finished decorative bricks or plaster, tiles, stone (natural or artificial).

When building combined houses, special attention will be required in the transition from the brick part to the wooden part. Between floors, reinforcing metal pins are used as a connecting element - placing them in the upper rows of brick (stone) masonry, they are used to secure the first crowns of the second floor. Required condition– creating a waterproofing layer, for which you can use roofing felt, polyurethane foam and other materials that will protect wooden structures from moisture.

The construction of combined houses meets modern trends. People are trying to make their homes reliable, durable and environmentally friendly. Structures made of stone and wood fully meet these requirements. They are very practical and are becoming increasingly popular among private developers. Experts tell us what you need to know before drawing up a project, what are the pros and cons of houses of this type.

This type of building is not know-how. Back in the days Kievan Rus They noticed that such houses are strong, light, more resistant to fire and retain heat better. With the development of technology, there are more variations in the combination of materials for combined houses. However, the stone remains closest to the ideal.

Two-part houses, as a rule, have 2 floors. The basement level is built from durable stone, which is not afraid of fire, strong wind, precipitation, groundwater and abundant sun. In addition, the stone base of the house becomes an excellent support for the second floor, which is assembled from wood. The timber helps to increase the energy efficiency of the structure, adds coziness, beauty and convenience. It can be of several types, depending on the purpose:

1. Glued. One element consists of many thin glued lamellas made of softwood.
2. Unprofiled. Regular timber, obtained after processing a log at a sawmill. The cheapest option for construction.
3. Profiled. It has grooves and bulges for reliable fixation and improved thermal insulation at the joints. Has clearly defined parameters.

Among the projects of composite private dwellings, the chalet style is in demand - Swiss shepherd's houses with characteristic, strongly protruding eaves overhangs. The cottage got its shape for a reason. It allows maximum conversion of solar rays into thermal energy. The second wooden floor of such a house is.

Attention! Other options for combination with wood: concrete, foam blocks, expanded clay blocks or reinforced concrete.

Pros and cons of combined houses

The popularity of such cottages is explained by the large advantage positive characteristics over negative ones. This type of building is actually quite practical. Its advantages:

• lightweight construction, reduced pressure on the foundation (compared to a conventional stone or brick house);
• the possibility of construction in a place with close groundwater;
• durability;
• the possibility of construction using modern eco-materials that are safe for the environment;
• a wide selection of design solutions along with high aesthetics;

• efficiency;
• higher fire safety (compared to buildings made only of wood or modern combustible materials);
• increased protection against moisture;
• The function of the second floor is a thermos: in hot weather it will be cool there, in cold weather it will be warmer.

Attention! Environmental friendliness of materials is not a fiction. It has been proven that living in a wooden environment improves sleep and normalizes nervous system and prevents the development of respiratory tract diseases (if the timber is made of coniferous trees).

There are not many disadvantages of two-part houses:

• wood lasts less than stone;
• Stone and wood have extremely different physical and technological properties, which is why difficulties may arise after use in severe frost or heat;
• even in combination with a non-flammable neighbor, the timber remains a flammable material.

Stone is not as light as foam blocks or expanded clay building materials. Such a house should be additionally strengthened against subsidence with a high foundation. Nevertheless, combined housing is a solution for those who cannot afford it. two-story cottage. Architects also recommend this type of structure when, due to heavy load, the foundation of a 2-story brick or stone house may burst or cause distortion. In fact, an ordinary foundation for a 1-story house is sufficient for the construction.

Expert advice on designing composite houses

The design approach to the arrangement of rooms can be anything, but usually fits into the natural concept. The facade of the house is also usually not additionally covered - the more natural the texture looks, the better. The stone part can be additionally decorated in a rural or other direction, and the timber can be decorated with carvings.

There are exceptions when, with the help of modern facing materials, both floors achieve a single design style. But in this case we should not forget about different characteristics materials. On one, after a few years, the cladding will still look good, on the other it will no longer hold up.

When drawing up a project, the size of the home does not matter. In the photo you can see cottages that are completely different in size and design. The condition of the soil is also unimportant. The main thing is that the ground is not swampy and can support a one-story stone house.

The construction of such a building takes relatively little time. The main period will be spent pouring, drying the foundation and raising the stone walls. A lightweight wooden level develops much faster: it does not require finishing. At least at first you can live with naked people wooden walls while you decorate the lower floor. Even before picking up a spatula or facing panels, carry out communications. They are advised to be located only on the 1st floor.

Attention! The combination in a 2-story building is quite in demand combined house premises for business and life. Downstairs the owners are setting up a commercial area, and upstairs they live themselves, making a separate exit and communications.

The combination of materials in housing construction opens up ample opportunities for its styling. You can make a home to suit every taste. To avoid disappointment with the result, work only with experienced builders.

Combined houses: video