For what diseases can you not do rhythmic gymnastics? Children in rhythmic gymnastics: harm or benefit to health? Contraindications to gymnastics
All parents want their children to grow up healthy, strong and resilient. Participation in sports sections will help develop these physical qualities.
Often adults strive to send their children to spectator sports. For example, in sports or rhythmic gymnastics. But the agility and excellent physical shape of gymnasts is not easy to achieve. Behind this lies years of hard work and intense training.
- How do you know if gymnastics is right for your child?
- Is he ready for classes?
- How to choose a section?
- How expensive are training and performances?
- Is it worth sending your child to professional sports?
This article will help you find answers to questions and make the right choice.
Sports and rhythmic gymnastics. Pros and cons
These sports are not only beautiful, but also useful for child development. Slimness, posture, agility are just some of the physical qualities that gymnasts possess.
But sports or rhythmic gymnastics classes are associated with serious loads and hard work.
The decision to register sports section parents must take with the child. It is important to take into account his interests and character.
If he dreams of gymnastics and enjoys going to training, then he needs to continue training. And if before class your child is looking for reasons to stay at home, there is no need to force him. It is worth trying another type of gymnastics or sport in general.
Gymnastics. Olympic sport
Artistic gymnastics for children
Sportsgymnastics refers to Olympic sports. It involves exercises on parallel bars, rings, pommel horse, beam and horizontal bar.
A gymnast must not only have perfect control of his body, but also be confident and artistic. It is necessary to carry out the program clearly and without mistakes.
Gymnastics is suitable for both boys and girls. It develops all muscle groups, and the main emphasis is on stretching.
Introducing children to gymnastics starts with endurance. Then it's time to stretch the muscles. Then the first gymnastic elements appear - a bridge, walking on a balance beam, exercises on the uneven bars. The guys are taught to group and fall correctly.
Every year the classes become more intense and serious. At approximately the age of 7, children undergo their first professional selection.
Artistic gymnasts participate in various competitions and go to training camps.
Those who dream of championship medals should move to major Russian cities. It is there that the most serious training is carried out with famous coaches.
The best gymnasts participate in European and world championships, as well as in the Olympic Games.
Most athletes end their careers at 17-20 years old. They can continue training in a different status or work as gymnastics teachers.
Only the most persistent and talented athletes manage to go down in the history of world sports.
The benefits of gymnastics
Young gymnasts have a much better physical development than their peers. They have excellent coordination, strong, stretched muscles and perfect posture.
Gymnastics develops the musculoskeletal system, muscles, coordination, as well as a sense of rhythm, attention and memory.
These children are dexterous, flexible and resilient. In addition, gymnastics classes build character.
This sport is for stubborn and persistent children.
These guys have highly developed self-discipline and responsibility. Performing a gymnastics program requires high concentration, concentration and good memory.
The dangers of gymnastics
Serious gymnastics entails certain difficulties and even dangers.
The child will have to overcome muscle pain every day. Ligament ruptures and sports injuries are not excluded.
Gymnastics involves following a strict diet. Eating disorders can begin due to nervousness.
Intense training and frequent performances can lead to nervous exhaustion, burnout and poor performance in school.
It is important to recognize whether these difficulties are comparable to the child's goals.
It is believed that the earlier you introduce your child to sports, the easier it will be for him to practice. That’s why some parents send their 3-year-olds to the section.
Those who want to become professional gymnasts must take classes no later than 4 years old.
After 7-8 years, you can also start your first training, but mainly for general physical development.
How to choose a section
To introduce a child to gymnastics and begin the first steps in this direction, a sports section is suitable. And professional gymnasts come from sports schools of the Olympic reserve (SDYUSHOR).
It is important to pay attention to the gym equipment. It must be of high quality and strong. This is a guarantee of the child's safety.
You can choose a good trainer based on reviews from friends or by studying thematic forums.
How much do classes cost?
Artistic gymnastics is not a cheap sport.
If classes at a sports school are free, then training in a gymnastics section costs about 3 thousand rubles.
Parents also pay for suits, shoes, and personal equipment. Gymnastics clothes cost from 2 thousand rubles, half shoes - from 500 rubles.
Sports fees require about 10 thousand rubles. They are usually held 4 times a year, during school holidays.
Contraindications to gymnastics
It must be borne in mind that there are a number of contraindications to gymnastics.
The main ones:
- myopia (nearsightedness),
- flat feet,
- rachiocampsis,
- disorders of the cardiovascular system.
This is why it is so important to visit a pediatrician before enrolling in a gymnastics section.
It is he who will assess the child’s health and allow him to train.
Gymnastics. Olympic sport
Gymnastics for children
Gymnastics - one of the most beautiful and spectacular sports.
Gymnasts, accompanied by music, demonstrate mastery of their own body using jump ropes, hoops, clubs, ribbons and balls. This sport is Olympic.
Not only girls, but also boys do rhythmic gymnastics.
The emphasis in men's rhythmic gymnastics is on acrobatics, strength and endurance. In women's - on artistry, grace and plasticity.
The performance evaluates the complexity and technique of performing gymnastic exercises.
IN Olympic Games ah traditionally only women participate. Men compete at European and Asian championships.
Most gymnasts retire between the ages of 14 and 16. Only the best can compete at national, European and world championships at a later age.
After finishing their careers, athletes work as coaches or go into sports ballet.
The benefits of rhythmic gymnastics
Gymnasts have perfect posture. Their movements are confident and flexible.
Gymnastics develops a sense of rhythm, ear for music and coordination.
In addition, character is strengthened. Children strengthen their willpower, gain self-confidence, responsibility and discipline.
Performances require great artistry and dedication, as well as good memory and concentration.
Side effects from doing rhythmic gymnastics
This type of gymnastics is less traumatic than artistic gymnastics. But there are still difficulties and dangers.
Gymnasts often experience back, knee and muscle pain. Some people have to take painkillers.
Rhythmic gymnastics requires a strict diet. This can lead to eating disorders and problems with the digestive system.
Excessive workload, frequent performances and fierce competition lead to stress and emotional burnout.
Children who are seriously involved in rhythmic gymnastics do not have enough time to do homework. Their school performance is declining.
At what age can you start training?
Pediatricians say that the first lessons in the gymnastics section should not be earlier than 4-5 years. From this age, the child’s body is already ready for sports activities, and the joints and muscles are as flexible as possible.
You can start training later - at 8-9 years old, but rather for general physical development.
Although there were cases when girls became world champions after joining the section at that age. It all depends on the gymnast’s perseverance, will to win and a good coach.
How to choose a section
If a child’s goal is professional sports, it is important to choose the right rhythmic gymnastics teacher.
It is necessary to pay attention to the progress of the coach in his work, the achievements of his students, and mutual understanding with them.
The best teachers are in major cities of the country.
Olympic Reserve School (SDYUSHOR) - for children aspiring to professional rhythmic gymnastics.
And for those who go to gymnastics for general development, a gymnastics section is quite suitable.
Before you sign up for your first training session, it is worth attending an open class. This way it will be possible to understand whether this sport is suitable for the child and how high-quality the equipment in the gym is.
It should have high ceilings, large mirrors and a flat floor with carpet.
How much do classes cost?
Rhythmic gymnastics is an expensive sport.
We need professional equipment.
For example, only a gymnastic ball has the appropriate weight to perform the exercises correctly.
The most expensive item of expenditure is costumes for performances. A separate swimsuit is sewn for each number. Sometimes there can be 3 of them at the same time.
Gymnasts grow out of them quite quickly. The cost of a costume for performances is from 10 thousand rubles.
Shoes for training (shoes, half shoes, etc.) cost about 1.5 thousand, ribbons - 2 thousand, gymnastic hoop - 2 thousand rubles
Classes in the gymnastics section cost about 4 thousand rubles.
Sports camps are an integral part of rhythmic gymnastics.
Trips happen about 4 times a year, during school holidays. approximate cost— from 10 thousand rubles.
Contraindications
It is important to note that rhythmic gymnastics is not suitable for all children.
There are a number of contraindications:
- diabetes,
- disorders of the cardiovascular system,
- myopia (nearsightedness),
- diseases of the musculoskeletal system,
- weak nervous system.
It is necessary to visit a pediatrician so that he can assess the child’s health and allow him to begin the first training sessions.
General information about various types of gymnastics
Any type of gymnastics has a positive effect on the respiratory, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. In addition, it develops coordination and attentiveness.
Sports-oriented gymnastics were discussed in the article above. Basically, it is for those who are not afraid of serious loads.
For children who do not strive for competition and hard work, other types of gymnastics are suitable - general developmental, applied. They are healthy, safe and do not require exhausting training and diets.
Basic gymnastics
This type of gymnastics Suitable for strengthening the body and overall physical development of the child.
During classes, children engage in walking, running, overcoming obstacles, climbing and crawling, using gymnastic equipment (parallel bars, horizontal bars, etc.).
Children from 4-5 years old are accepted into the general gymnastics section.
Hygienic gymnastics
Hygienic gymnastics for children
Hygienic gymnastics designed to improve the health of the body and improve well-being.
You can even practice at home, without using equipment. It is better to set an example and do the exercises with your child.
Hygienic gymnastics accustoms the child to light physical activity.
It must be combined with hardening. For this purpose, classes are held outside or with an open window.
You need to complete the exercises by wiping with a towel dipped in cold water, or even dousing.
This type of gymnastics is suitable for children from an early age. Over time, it is worth increasing the duration and intensity of exercise.
Rhythmic gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnastics for children
Rhythmic gymnastics performed to certain music. Elements of this type of gymnastics are often used in classes in preschool institutions.
Depending on the goal, exercises can be aimed at lightly stretching muscles, developing the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, developing flexibility and plasticity.
Rhythmic gymnastics allows you to learn a sense of rhythm and expressiveness of movements.
Children can practice from 2 years old.
Applied gymnastics
This therapeutic type of gymnastics. It helps improve the condition of the nervous system, correct postural disorders, increase body tone, and relieve negative emotions.
Exercise can increase in duration and intensity over time.
Applied gymnastics can be practiced only according to the indications and recommendations of a doctor.
Corrective gymnastics
Corrective gymnastics for children
Corrective gymnastics indicated for children with spinal curvature and poor posture.
It helps to straighten your back and teaches you to maintain correct posture.
Exercises are performed at a slow pace, lying down or on all fours. During classes, problem areas of the spine are affected.
Children can engage in corrective gymnastics only as prescribed by a doctor.
Gymnastics is a sport for those who want to develop agility, flexibility, endurance and have beautiful posture.
Among the many types of gymnastics, you can choose an option suitable for any child.
Those who want to improve their health should try hygienic or general gymnastics.
For those who want to develop motor skills and a sense of rhythm, rhythmic gymnastics is suitable.
Therapeutic and corrective gymnastics provide corrective benefits.
Children who dream of competitions and awards should pay attention to artistic and rhythmic gymnastics.
You can achieve Olympic medals if you have a clear goal in mind, work hard, and follow the instructions of a good coach.
You need to make a decision about enrolling in a sports section together with your child, based on his interests and character.
It is important to consult a doctor to avoid deterioration of the child's health.
Rhythmic gymnastics is one of the most beautiful women's sports. The beauty, grace, and harmony of this sport attract millions of people around the world to their television screens during international competitions. Rhythmic gymnastics is not only beautiful, but also beneficial for the body.
Description of rhythmic gymnastics: Rhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic sport that consists of performing dance and gymnastic exercises to music. Includes several types depending on the object used in the exercises - clubs, ribbon, ball, hoop, jump rope. Rhythmic gymnastics is an exclusively women's sport. Exercises are performed on a gymnastics mat (13 x 13 meters), last no more than 90 seconds and can be either individual or group. The birthplace of rhythmic gymnastics is St. Petersburg, where it opened in 1913 graduate School artistic movement, which united teachers of various styles of gymnastics, gave impetus to the emergence and rapid development of this graceful sport, now popular all over the world.
Benefits of rhythmic gymnastics:
- Like other sports, rhythmic gymnastics helps increase the body's defenses and strengthen immune system.
- Increases the body's endurance.
- Positively affects the cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems.
- Trains the vestibular apparatus, develops dexterity, speed and accuracy of reaction.
- Strengthens the muscle corset and works all muscle groups.
- Promotes the harmonious development of the child’s body, forms a proud posture, a beautiful feminine figure, and a graceful gait.
- Rhythmic gymnastics plays a huge role in character formation. Efficiency, independence, responsibility, discipline, sociability, determination, the ability to present oneself - this is only a small part of what gymnastics can give for the formation of a personality.
- Rhythmic gymnastics develops a sense of rhythm, musicality and artistry.
Contraindications to rhythmic gymnastics: Contraindications to rhythmic gymnastics may include diseases of the musculoskeletal system (especially the cervical-collar area), diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system, and nervous disorders. Before you start doing rhythmic gymnastics, you should consult your doctor. Without a health certificate from a therapist, a child will not be accepted into any section for this sport.
Rhythmic gymnastics for adults: Although it seems completely surprising, an adult can start doing rhythmic gymnastics. In large cities such sections exist and women are happy to visit them different ages. Of course, they do not become professional athletes and do not participate in competitions, but they acquire excellent physical shape, a beautiful toned figure, develop coordination, flexibility, graceful movements, artistry and musicality, and also receive a lot of positive emotions.
Rhythmic gymnastics for children: Thousands of girls in our country do rhythmic gymnastics. There are sections for this sport in almost all cities of Russia. Rhythmic gymnastics has great benefits for a growing child’s body and the child’s developing character. The benefits of this sport have been listed above. In addition, rhythmic gymnastics classes can be an excellent basis for practicing any type of dance. It is worth noting: as soon as young athletes reach a high level of skill and take part in major Russian and international competitions, the amount of training time increases significantly, and accordingly the load on the body increases, the risk of various injuries increases, a strict diet is observed. All this can negatively affect the child’s health. Moreover, rhythmic gymnastics is safer than artistic gymnastics.
Do rhythmic gymnastics with pleasure, take care of yourself and be healthy.
We also advise you to read: - ACROBATICS: types, benefits, contraindications. Acrobatics for children and adults.- The benefits of dancing for human health.- Cycling with health benefits.- The benefits of roller skating.- Walking instead of medications.
chudesalegko.ru
Gymnastics: benefits and harms
28.02.2016 10:48
Many girls want to do gymnastics. And their parents are often opposed to such a desire. Why? Can't gymnastics harm a child's health?
Let's start, naturally, with the advantages: you want to hear the good before you hear the downside.
Gymnastics helps:
- Develop flexibility and strengthen the vestibular apparatus - a child involved in gymnastics has good physical shape and an excellent figure, and this is important for girls.
- To develop courage - practice shows: after regular “struggle” with high bars, rings and other sports equipment, the child is no longer afraid of difficulties. And courage in life will come in handy even if the child puts the uniform far away in the closet, and begins to bypass the listed crossbars and rings.
- To ensure a good future and the love of the “public” - the admiration of friends, acquaintances and relatives, competitions and medals - this is definitely guaranteed for the child. And a diligent child can ideally become an Olympic champion. Perhaps your child will become a future Olympiad winner.
But let’s not forget about the shortcomings of gymnastics, and, naturally, they exist.
Firstly, unfortunately, not every child, even with a great love for gymnastics, can become a gymnast. This sport puts forward quite strict requirements, and it is easy not to meet them. In fact, the coach of the corresponding section necessarily requires a certificate of a completed medical examination. And don't think that this is a formality. If a child has spinal diseases and other orthopedic diseases, heart disease, myopia or asthma, he will not be able to do gymnastics.
Secondly, doctors note: gymnastics, which has a strong impact on the spine, slows down a person’s growth. And when the child is short enough, it may be worth considering playing a different sport.
Thirdly, gymnastics, as you know, is a traumatic thing. And just because a child does gymnastics incredibly carefully and with extreme caution does not mean that he is potentially protected from injury. Experienced gymnasts will begin to experience muscle pain, pain in the spine, and after daily exercise they will begin to suffer from fatigue. Many parents do not want to send their child to gymnastics classes. They worry about their health and psychological state.
sport.mycityua.com
Contraindications for children playing sports
(from the magazine “Mom and Baby”; article “Early start. Children’s sports sections”, Y. Karpukhina) http://www.2mm.ru/razvitie/670
The basis for the proper formation and maturation of a child is physical education. Outdoor games, sports, dancing - all this is an integral part of the life of each child. But before sending your child to classes in one section or another, consult a pediatrician and a psychologist. The chosen sport should correspond to your child’s health status, as well as his character. After all, if the lessons do not bring pleasure, then the benefit from them will be either minimal or not at all.
Football, volleyball, basketball
Health restrictions. Children with instability of the cervical vertebrae (instability, easy displacement when performing any sudden movements), flat feet, gastric or duodenal ulcers, bronchial asthma, myopia (myopia) of any degree are strictly not allowed in these sports sections. In the presence of cardiovascular pathologies and diabetes mellitus practicing the listed sports is useful in some cases, but consultation with a doctor is necessary.
What does it give to the child? They improve the musculoskeletal system, the work of the vestibular and visual analyzers, increase the functionality of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and improve coordination of movements. The speed and accuracy of reactions, dexterity, eye perception develop, and posture improves. Strong-willed qualities are nurtured. All team sports develop social thinking in a child, teach him to work with a group, which will help him easily adapt in society in the future.
Gymnastics
Health restrictions. Myopia of any degree
What does it give to the child? It will help you acquire flexibility, dexterity, posture, the ability to move smoothly and gracefully, and helps to eliminate flat feet. Increases self-esteem and develops a girl's athletic character.
Figure skating
Health restrictions. Clubfoot, myopia, problems with the vestibular system.
What does it give to the child? Flexibility, dexterity, vestibular apparatus, and eye are improved. The functioning of the heart and blood vessels, musculoskeletal system, and respiratory system improves. Increases performance and endurance.
Tennis
Health restrictions. Instability of the cervical vertebrae, flat feet, myopia, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum.
What does it give to the child? Develops reaction speed, agility, coordination of movements, jumping ability, improves the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Self-control, intuition, ability to concentrate, endurance, and attention are improved. The child learns tactics and strategy. .
Table tennis
Health restrictions. No contraindications
What does it give to the child? Develops coordination, respiratory system, fine motor skills, improves handwriting.
Swimming (also synchronized swimming)
Health restrictions. Swimming lessons are not allowed if the child has open wounds, skin diseases, eye and ENT diseases, or infectious diseases. Contraindications are also active pulmonary tuberculosis, acute rheumatic heart disease, gastric or duodenal ulcers. With mild myopia without changes in the fundus, classes are allowed.
What does it give to the child? This is a general strengthening and hardening sport; it can be called the healthiest and most effective. When the body is in a horizontal position, the work of the heart is facilitated, which makes it possible to withstand prolonged physical activity. Swimming also strengthens the nervous system, helps the proper formation of the musculoskeletal system, improves breathing and blood circulation. The baby will learn to swim and will have a good figure and posture. Swimming is especially beneficial for children with scoliosis, deformity chest, myopia, diabetes, gastritis, obesity, mild bronchial asthma.
Hockey school
Health restrictions. You cannot exercise with any degree of myopia (myopia), in the presence of congenital and acquired heart defects.
What does it give to the child? Hockey strengthens the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, and the musculoskeletal system. Children become more disciplined and organized.
Judo (“the soft way”), one of the most famous Japanese martial arts, is based primarily on grappling, breaking and throwing. Unlike most Western forms of wrestling, which rely on own strength fighter, judo is based on the principle maximum use enemy forces. Any judoka must be able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of an opponent, be courageous, be persistent in the fight, and treat other people with respect.
Health restrictions. Children with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, heart, kidneys, and eyes should not be trained.
What does it give to the child? Promotes the development of flexibility of the whole body and limbs, develops the ability to maintain balance and control your breathing.
The word wushu means “martial techniques”, more precisely techniques that can be used to stop a fight (the original purpose of Chinese martial arts is defense, not attack). Traditional Wushu is primarily aimed at developing the personality as a whole. There are 2 large varieties of Wushu: this is a sports-gymnastic direction and a martial one. In sports gymnastics, athletes perform various forms from various styles of wushu, performances include elements of acrobatics, use bright colorful costumes, and light metal weapon models. In the martial direction of wushu - sanda - athletes conduct contact fights in protective equipment, using striking and throwing techniques.
Health restrictions. Hardly ever. It is contraindicated to practice dynamic wushu after severe injuries, operations, or serious disorders of the cardiovascular system. But even in this case, an experienced trainer will be able to choose one of the soft styles for the baby and control the load taking into account health problems.
What gives. Classes teach you to move accurately and deftly, navigate in space and time, coordinate actions with a partner, and develop coordination, imagination and thinking. Develop strong-willed character traits, discipline, endurance, flexibility, speed and responsiveness. In general, Wushu provides the opportunity for harmonious bodily development and functional preparation for further training in any practice or sport. Wushu gymnastics is perfect for asthmatic children and children weakened by acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections.
Alpine skiing and cross-country skiing
Health restrictions. Serious diseases of the cardiovascular system.
What does it give to the child? Skis - universal remedy healing (broncho-pulmonary, cardiovascular, nervous systems, etc. are improved).
Horseback riding
Health restrictions. Trainers do not have any special requirements for those wishing to engage in horse riding; you only need a certificate from a pediatrician and an ophthalmologist.
What does it give to the child? Treats diseases of the musculoskeletal system and helps solve mental problems.
Extracts from Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Standards SanPiN 2.4.4.1251-03
"Children's out-of-school institutions (additional education institutions)
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children
(out-of-school institutions)"
Appendix 2 to SanPiN 2.4.4.1251-03
Minimum age for enrollment of children in sports schools by type of sport
|
Kind of sport |
|
|
Gymnastics (girls) Rhythmic gymnastics Figure skating |
|
|
Water ski Gymnastics (boys) Diving Synchronized swimming Freestyle Table tennis Swimming Acrobatics Jumping on a trampoline Rock'n'roll Dance Sport Aerobics |
|
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Ski Basketball Badminton Orienteering Sports tourism |
|
|
Athletics (all-around, throwing, pole vaulting) Ski jumping Sailing Water polo Volleyball Skating Ski race Short track Hockey with a ball |
|
|
Cycling Horseback Riding Modern pentathlon Luge Bullet shooting Fencing Freestyle wrestling Greco-Roman wrestling Rowing Kayaking and canoeing Weightlifting (boys) Taekwondo Mountaineering Iceboat sport Rowing slalom Naturban Polyathlon Triathlon Armwrestling Athleticism Karate-do Kyokusenkai Climbing Crossbow shooting Kickboxing Contact karate Powerlifting |
|
edu.tatar.ru
Artistic gymnastics for children: classes in the section
When choosing a sport for your child, you think about how it will affect the health of your son or daughter. If you want to know whether gymnastics classes are beneficial for children, we suggest that you read our article.
The benefits of playing sports for your child are undeniable - and it is necessary to accustom the body to physical activity from an early age. Sports activities strengthen the child’s body and contribute to its harmonious development. Today the variety of children's sports sections is quite large. And if you decide to choose the best sport for children, then one of the most popular is the gymnastics section.
The benefits of gymnastics are undeniable:
- it contributes to the comprehensive physical development of your child’s body;
- Gymnastics classes are useful for improving coordination, endurance and improving the functioning of the nervous system;
- gymnastics develops flexibility and plasticity, forms an athletic figure;
- improves metabolism;
- Gymnastics helps shape your child’s posture, develop self-discipline, willpower, and the ability to control their body;
- Children who are actively involved in sports adapt more easily to society, are self-confident and sociable.
Artistic gymnastics for children from 3 years old
At what age can you enroll your child in the gymnastics section? If your daughter or son is three years old, you can already start looking for a suitable section.
According to experts, you can practice in the gymnastics section from the age of 4-5 years. At this age, your child’s musculoskeletal system is ready for regular physical activity.
If there are no contraindications, your child can start doing gymnastics from the age of three. Trainers develop special general developmental preparatory training for children of this age. The child gradually learns discipline and masters simple exercises.
What contraindications exist for doing gymnastics?
- diseases of the skeletal system, spine;
- problems with joints and tendons;
- abnormalities of bone development;
- diabetes mellitus, etc.
Be also prepared for the fact that the child may study with enthusiasm at first, but over time the desire may disappear altogether. It’s not worth forcing someone to do it by force. Talk to the coach. It may be beneficial for your child to take up another sport.
detstrana.ru
10 good reasons not to send your child to gymnastics | VitaPortal
October 26 is All-Russian Gymnastics Day. Both artistic and rhythmic gymnastics are beautiful sports, but is it worth sending a child there, won’t it cause harm to his health? We offer 10 arguments against.
Back diseases
Back problems are the most common complaint among gymnasts. The lumbar and thoracic spine are especially affected.
These include simple back pain, curvature of the spine, spondylolysis (fracture of the vertebral arch), spondylolisthesis (slipping of the body of one vertebra from another), compression fractures, damage to the endplates of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs; with inadequate treatment, protrusions of the intervertebral discs and hernias can occur. .
Rhythmic gymnasts can be diagnosed with scoliosis and hyperlordosis as early as 6-7 years of age. Scoliosis occurs due to uneven load on the right and left. Hyperlordosis (excessive lumbar curvature) – due to the excessive arching in the lower back that is required of children.
Sprains
Sprains are a common injury for gymnasts, even the youngest ones. Muscle stretching itself is a painful procedure; it is performed with the help of a trainer who puts pressure on the stretched muscles, lengthening them. Some children cannot stop crying and screaming.
It is very important here not to overdo it and act smoothly. But sprains, as a rule, occur not during the process of stretching, but during exercise, when the load on the muscles is sharp and intense.
Diseases of bones and joints
Pathology of bones and joints occurs in gymnasts against the background of chronic overload and microtrauma. Most often, deforming arthrosis, osteochondropathy, chondromalacia, and chronic lesions of the capsular-ligamentous apparatus are observed. The knees, ankles, and elbow joints are especially affected.
In rhythmic gymnastics the weak point is the knee joint, ankle and foot. The menisci, cruciate and lateral ligaments of the knee joint are often damaged, osteochondropathy, muscle damage, and tendon ruptures are possible. Fractures are common. Of course, injury is more likely when a child plays sports professionally (from 3-4 years of study).
Risk of serious injury
Serious injury can occur in any sport, but gymnastics is one of the most dangerous. And these are not only injuries that imply the end of a sports career, in some cases they are not compatible with life. Impacts from projectiles, falls, spinal fractures, especially dangerous is a fracture of the cervical spine when landing on the head.
In rhythmic gymnastics the risk of acute serious injury is low.
Pain
Child gymnasts often complain of pain. Muscles hurt after training, during stretching (sometimes to the point of tears), due to microtrauma or a full-fledged injury that has to be treated, due to which you miss training. We can say that such children get used to pain. However, the mental state in conditions of constant pain is out of balance.
Diet
In rhythmic gymnastics, from a very early age you have to monitor your weight. It’s good if the child is one of the lucky ones who can eat everything and not gain weight. If each candy adds grams and centimeters, the diet can turn out to be very strict and exclude not only fatty foods, sweets, baked goods and fast food, but also seriously limit the child’s nutritional intake.
One foreign study showed that gymnasts consume only 80% of the calories they need per day, which leads to delayed sexual development, growth, and osteoporosis (which in turn increases the risk of fractures).
Heavy workload
Already in elementary school, the child will have to choose what to prefer: study or sports. Daily training, training camps, and trips to competitions leave virtually no time for studying. Lessons are learned on the go. Even rest is subject to a schedule. Often such children are deprived of proper sleep and suffer from chronic overload.
Responsibility
Children who play sports professionally cease to be children. Their life turns into a series of training and competitions, successes and failures. They don't have time to play or chat with friends. They are responsible for all the huge investments that parents made by sending their child to big-time sports. Serious victories are expected from the baby, and he is always afraid of not living up to expectations. The psychological burden on such a child is no less than the physical one.
The need for a full examination
Often, parents, rejoicing at their child’s good flexibility, send him to rhythmic gymnastics, not suspecting that such activities cause maximum harm to him. The fact is that with weakness of the ligamentous apparatus (which is manifested by their slight extensibility), the risk of injury is highest.
Children with weak ligaments are more likely to experience sprains, dislocations, subluxations, tears, and curvature of the spine. Heavy loads are contraindicated for them. This often becomes clear after the onset of chronic pathology.
Weakness of the ligamentous apparatus can be a hereditary feature or a symptom of a disease. In any case, before entering the section, you must undergo a full examination. In the future, during serious training, health monitoring is necessary.
The importance of choosing a coach
Many parents choose a coach based on his degree of merit and the number of famous students. However, an equally important criterion is the number of injuries among his students. It is the coach who must feel when it is possible to press and when it is time to stop; when to cheer up and when to protect the child from injury.
A good trainer should know how to develop the body harmoniously, so that joints and ligaments do not suffer, and there is no distortion of the spine; who can do it at all, and who should choose something else, since the risk of harm to health is too high.
List of diseases and pathological conditions that prevent access to sports
If you find anything here that is familiar to you personally, consult your doctor before starting sports. Take care of yourself.
I. All acute and chronic diseases in the acute stage
II. Features of physical development
1. A pronounced lag in physical development, preventing the implementation of exercises and standards provided for in the curriculum; a sharp disproportion between the length of the limbs and the torso.
2. All types of deformities of the upper extremities, excluding or complicating the ability to perform various sports exercises.
3. Severe deformation of the chest, complicating the functioning of the organs of the thoracic cavity.
4. Severe deformation of the pelvis, affecting the statics of the body or disrupting the biomechanics of walking.
5. Shortening of one lower limb by more than 3 cm, even with a full gait; pronounced curvature of the legs inward (X-shaped curvature) or outward (O-shaped curvature) with a distance between the inner condyles of the femurs or the inner ankles of the tibias of more than 12 cm.
III. Nervously- mental illness.
Injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system
1. Psychotic and non-psychotic mental disorders due to organic brain damage. Endogenous psychoses: schizophrenia and affective psychoses. Symptomatic psychoses and other mental disorders of exogenous etiology.
Persons who have a mild short-term asthenic state after an acute illness are allowed to play sports after complete recovery.
2. Reactive psychoses and neurotic disorders.
Persons who have had acute reactions to stress, adaptation disorders and mildly expressed neurotic disorders, characterized mainly by emotional-volitional and autonomic disorders, are allowed to play sports after complete recovery.
3. Mental retardation.
4. Epilepsy.
6. Injuries to the brain and spinal cord and their consequences.
7. Vascular diseases of the brain and spinal cord and their consequences (subarachnoid, intracerebral and other intracranial hemorrhages, cerebral infarction, transient cerebral ischemia, etc.).
Persons with rare fainting are subject to in-depth examination and treatment. The diagnosis of “neurocirculatory dystonia” is established only in cases where a targeted examination has not revealed other diseases accompanied by disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Even in the presence of rare fainting, such persons cannot be allowed to engage in martial arts, complex coordination, traumatic and water sports.
8. Organic diseases of the central nervous system (degenerative, tumors of the brain and spinal cord, congenital anomalies and other neuromuscular diseases).
9. Diseases of the peripheral nervous system (including the presence of objective data without dysfunction).
10. Injuries to peripheral nerves and their consequences (including mild residual effects in the form of mild sensory disturbances or slight weakening of the muscles innervated by the damaged nerve).
11. Consequences of fractures of the skull bones (cranial vault, facial bones, including the lower and upper jaw, other bones) without signs of organic damage to the central nervous system, but in the presence of a foreign body in the cranial cavity, as well as replaced or unreplaced defect of the bones of the cranial vault.
12. Temporary functional disorders after acute diseases and injuries of the central or peripheral nervous system, as well as their surgical treatment.
Persons who have suffered a closed injury to the brain and spinal cord, with instrumentally confirmed absence of signs of damage to the central nervous system, can be allowed to play sports no earlier than 12 months after complete recovery (traumatic sports are not recommended).
IV. Diseases of internal organs
1. Neurocirculatory dystonia (hypertensive, hypotensive, cardiac or mixed types) - conditionally allowed.
2. Chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs and pleura, disseminated lung diseases of non-tuberculosis etiology (including diseases accompanied by even minor respiratory dysfunction).
3. Bronchial asthma.
In the absence of attacks for five years or more, but the altered reactivity of the bronchi remains, admission to certain sports is possible (sports aimed at developing endurance, winter sports, as well as sports played in gyms are not recommended and are associated with the use of talc, rosin, etc.).
4. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in remission with impaired digestive function and a history of frequent exacerbations.
Persons with gastric or duodenal ulcers who have been in remission for 6 years (without digestive dysfunction) may be allowed to engage in sports (sports aimed at developing endurance are not recommended).
5. Other diseases of the stomach and duodenum, including autoimmune gastritis and special forms of gastritis (granulomatous, eosinophilic, hypertrophic, lymphocytic), diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract, pancreas, small and large intestines, with significant and known dysfunctions and frequent exacerbations.
Persons with Helicobacter gastritis can be allowed to play sports after appropriate treatment.
Persons with chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis with minor dysfunctions and rare exacerbations, as well as biliary dyskinesias with rare exacerbations, can be allowed to play sports.
6. Chronic liver diseases (including benign hyperbilirubinemia), liver cirrhosis.
7. Diseases of the esophagus (esophagitis, ulcer - until complete recovery; cardiospasm, stenosis, diverticula - in the presence of significant and moderate dysfunction).
8. Chronic kidney diseases (chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic primary pyelonephritis, nephrosclerosis, nephrotic syndrome, primary wrinkled kidney, renal amyloidosis, chronic interstitial nephritis and other nephropathies).
9. Pyelonephritis (secondary), hydronephrosis, urolithiasis.
Instrumental removal or spontaneous passage of a single stone from the urinary tract (pelvis, ureter, bladder) without crushing stones of the urinary system, small (up to 0.5 cm) single stones of the kidneys and ureters, confirmed only by ultrasound, without pathological changes in the urine, unilateral or bilateral nephroptosis of stage I are not a contraindication to sports.
10. Systemic connective tissue diseases.
11. Joint diseases - rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis combined with spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, metabolic arthritis, consequences of infectious arthritis.
Persons who have had reactive arthritis with complete reversal may be allowed to play sports six months after complete recovery.
12. Systemic vasculitis.
13. Diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs.
Persons who have temporary functional disorders after non-systemic blood diseases are allowed to play sports after complete recovery.
14. Persistent changes in the composition of peripheral blood (the number of leukocytes is less than 4.0x109/l or more than 9.0x109/l, the number of platelets is less than 180.0x109/l, the hemoglobin content is less than 120 g/l).
15. Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissues: lympho-, myelo-, reticulosarcoma, leukemia, lymphosis, lymphogranulomatosis, paraproteinemic hemoblastosis (including conditions after surgical treatment, radiation and cytostatic therapy).
16. Acute radiation sickness of any severity in the history, as well as a radiation dose previously received during an accident or accidental exposure, exceeding the annual maximum permissible dose by five times (in accordance with radiation safety standards - 76/87).
17. Endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic disorders (simple goiter, non-toxic nodular goiter, thyrotoxicosis, thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, diseases of the parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, gout, obesity II-III degree).
V. Surgical diseases
1. Diseases of the spine and their consequences (spondylosis and related conditions, diseases of the intervertebral discs, other diseases of the spine, pronounced disorders of the position of the spine in the sagittal plane: rachitic kyphosis, tuberculous kyphosis, Scheuermann-Mau disease, Calve disease ; scoliotic disease, symptoms of severe instability).
Persons with an unfixed curvature of the spine in the frontal plane (scoliotic posture) and initial signs of intervertebral osteochondrosis with an asymptomatic course can be allowed to engage in symmetrical sports.
2. Consequences of fractures of the spine, chest, upper and lower extremities, pelvis, accompanied by dysfunction.
3. Diseases and consequences of damage to the aorta, main and peripheral arteries and veins, lymphatic vessels: obliterating endarteritis, aneurysms, phlebitis, phlebothrombosis, varicose and postthrombotic disease, elephantiasis (lymphodema), varicose veins of the spermatic cord (medium and significant th degree of severity); angiotrophoneurosis, hemangiomas.
4. Surgical diseases and lesions of large joints, bones and cartilage, osteopathies and acquired musculoskeletal deformities (intra-articular lesions, osteomyelitis, periostitis, other bone lesions, osteitis deformans and osteopathies, osteochondropathy, persistent joint contractures, other diseases and damage to joints, bones and cartilage).
In case of Osgood-Schlaterra disease, the question of the possibility of admission to sports is decided individually.
5. Old or habitual dislocations in large joints that occur with minor physical exertion.
6. Defects or absence of fingers that impair the functions of the hand.
7. Defects or absence of toes that impair full support, making it difficult to walk and wear shoes (regular and sports).
The absence of a toe on the foot is considered to be its absence at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Complete abduction or immobility of a finger is considered as its absence.
8. Flat feet and other foot deformities with significant and moderate impairment of its functions.
If there is II degree flatfoot on one leg and I degree flatfoot on the other leg, the conclusion is made on II degree flatfoot.
Persons with degree I flatfoot, as well as degree II without arthrosis in the talonavicular joints, can be allowed to play sports.
9. Hernia (inguinal, femoral, umbilical), other abdominal hernias. Expansion of one or both inguinal rings with a protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity clearly felt at the time of the ring examination when straining - until complete healing.
A small umbilical hernia, preperitoneal wen of the white line of the abdomen, as well as expansion of the inguinal rings without hernial protrusion during physical activity and straining are not a contraindication to sports.
10. Hemorrhoids with frequent exacerbations and secondary anemia, prolapse of stage II-III nodes. Recurrent fissures of the anus.
Persons who have suffered surgical interventions for varicose veins of the lower extremities, veins of the spermatic cord, hemorrhoidal veins, fissures anus, may be allowed to play sports if, after 1 year after surgery, there are no signs of relapse of the disease and local circulatory disorders.
11. Protrusion of all layers of the rectal wall during straining.
12. Consequences of injuries to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, accompanied by impaired motor functions or making it difficult to wear sportswear, shoes or equipment.
13. Frail scars after operations and injuries, which in their localization make it difficult to perform physical exercise; scars prone to ulceration; scars that are fused to the underlying tissues and prevent movement in a particular joint when performing physical exercises.
14. Diseases mammary glands.
15. Malignant neoplasms of all localizations.
16. Benign neoplasms - until complete cure.
Persons who have temporary functional disorders after surgical treatment of benign neoplasms are allowed to play sports after complete recovery.
VI. Injuries and diseases of the ENT organs.
1. Diseases and injuries of the larynx, cervical trachea, accompanied by even minor disturbances of respiratory and vocal functions.
2. Curvature of the nasal septum with severe impairment of nasal breathing (operation in such cases is carried out at the age of at least 15 years).
3. Diseases of the external ear - until complete recovery.
4. Diseases of the Eustachian tube - until complete recovery.
5. Purulent unilateral or bilateral epitympanitis or mesatympanitis in all forms and stages.
6. Persistent residual effects of previous otitis (persistent cicatricial changes in the eardrum, presence of perforation of the eardrum).
7. Otosclerosis, labyrinthopathy, cochlear neuritis and other causes of deafness or persistent hearing loss in one or both ears (normally, in both ears, the perception of whispered speech should be at a distance of 6 m, the minimum acceptable reduction in this distance is 4 m).
8. Impaired patency of the Eustachian tube and disorder of barofunction of the ear.
9. Vestibular-vegetative disorders, even to a moderate degree.
10. Diseases of the paranasal sinuses - until complete cure.
11. Deformations and chronic changes in the condition of the tissues of the nose, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and trachea, accompanied by respiratory dysfunction.
12. Diseases of the upper respiratory tract (nasal polyps, adenoids, decompensated form of chronic tonsillitis) - until complete recovery.
Chronic decompensated tonsillitis is usually understood as a form of chronic tonsillitis, characterized by frequent exacerbations (2 or more per year), the presence of tonsillogenic intoxication (low-grade fever, fatigue, lethargy, malaise, changes in the internal organs), involvement of the peri-almond tissue in the inflammatory process. nor regional lymph nodes (peritonsillar abscess, regional lymphadenitis).
Objective signs of chronic decompensated tonsillitis include: discharge of pus or caseous plugs from lacunae when pressing with a spatula on the tonsil or when probing it, rough scars on the palatine tonsils, hyperemia and swelling of the palatine arches and their fusion with the tonsils, the presence of suppurating follicles in the subepithelial layer , enlargement of the lymph nodes along the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscles.
14. Complete absence of sense of smell (anosmia).
15. Persons who have temporary functional disorders after exacerbation of chronic diseases of the ENT organs, their injuries and surgical treatment are allowed to play sports after complete recovery.
VII. Eye injuries and diseases
1. Lagophthalmos, inversion of the eyelids and growth of eyelashes towards the eyeball (trichiasis), causing constant eye irritation; eversion of the eyelids, disrupting the function of the eye, fusion of the eyelids with each other or with the eyeball, preventing or limiting eye movement and disrupting the function of vision in at least one eye.
2. Ptosis of the eyelid, impairing the visual function of one or both eyes.
3. Persistent incurable lacrimation due to disease of the lacrimal ducts.
4. Chronic diseases of the conjunctiva, cornea, uveal tract and retina of an inflammatory or degenerative nature with frequent exacerbations.
5. Diseases of the optic nerve.
6. Optic nerve atrophy.
7. Severe congenital and acquired (including traumatic) cataracts.
8. Cloudiness, destruction of the vitreous body.
9. Congenital and acquired defects in the development of the membranes of the eye that impair vision function.
10. Aphakia.
11. Changes in the fundus.
12. Conditions after penetrating eye injury.
13. Foreign body in the eye, not indicated for removal.
14. Limitation of the field of vision of one or both eyes by more than 20°.
15. Disorders of the motor system of the eyes.
16. Severe nystagmus of the eyeball with a significant decrease in visual acuity.
17. Concomitant strabismus of more than 20° - the issue of admission is decided individually.
18. Color vision disorders - the issue of admission is decided individually depending on the specifics of the chosen sport.
19. Refractive error: general variant - visual acuity: a) less than 0.6 in both eyes (without correction); b) at least 0.6 for the best and 0.3 for worst eye(without correction); private options - see table. 1-2.
Farsightedness. With this type of refractive error, the question of engaging in physical education and sports is decided depending on visual acuity and the ability to use correction.
Small degrees of farsightedness, as a rule, are characterized by high (uncorrected) visual acuity: 1.0 or 0.9-0.8. With similar visual acuity and small degrees of farsightedness, all types of sports are possible.
Persons with farsightedness +4.0 D and above, with a decrease in relative visual acuity, when correction is mandatory, can be allowed to participate only in those sports where the use of glasses is permissible. In this case, the glasses must be light, firmly fixed, have high optical properties, and summer time have yellow-green filters.
In case of high degrees of farsightedness (above +6.0 D), which usually occurs with microphthalmia with a tendency to detachment, sports are contraindicated.
With farsighted and short-sighted astigmatism of weak degrees and relatively high visual acuity, all types of sports are possible.
VIII. Dental diseases
1. Disturbances in the development and eruption of teeth: the absence of 10 or more teeth on one jaw or their replacement with a removable denture, the absence of 8 molars on one jaw, the absence of 4 molars on the upper jaw on one side and 4 molars on the lower jaws on the other side or replacing them with removable dentures.
2. Maxillofacial anomalies, other diseases of the teeth and their supporting apparatus, diseases of the jaws with significant and moderate impairments of respiratory, olfactory, chewing, swallowing and speech functions.
3. Diseases of hard teeth, pulp and periapical tissues, gums and periodontium, salivary glands, tongue and oral mucosa that cannot be treated.
IX. Skin and venereal diseases
1. Infections and other inflammatory diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that are difficult to treat; common forms of chronic eczema, diffuse neurodermatitis with widespread lichenification, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis, widespread psoriasis, widespread abscess and chronic ulcerative pyoderma, limited and often recurrent forms of eczema, diffuse neurodermatitis with focal lichenification of the skin, discoid lupus erythematosus, photodermatitis.
2. Other diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue: chronic urticaria, recurrent Quincke's edema, limited scleroderma.
3. Disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including HIV infection.
4. Syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases: tertiary, congenital syphilis; primary, secondary and latent syphilis with delayed negativity of classical serological reactions.
Persons with primary, secondary, latent syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases (chancroid, lymphatic lymphogranuloma, inguinal granuloma, non-gonococcal urethritis) can be allowed to play sports after monitoring the cure and being removed from the dispensary register.
5. Mycoses: actiomycosis, candidiasis of internal organs, coccidoidosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis infections, sporotrichosis, chromomycosis, mycetomas.
Persons suffering from dermatophytosis caused by fungi (microsporum, epidermophytosis, trichophyton) may be allowed to play sports after monitoring the cure and removal from the dispensary register.
X. Diseases of the genital area
1. Diseases of the male genital organs (hyperplasia, inflammatory and other diseases of the prostate gland; hydrocele of the testicle, orchitis and epididymitis; hypertrophy of the foreskin and phimosis; diseases of the penis; hydrocele of the testicle or spermatic cord; presence of both testicles in the abdominal cavities or inguinal canals; other diseases of the male genital organs) with significant and moderate dysfunction. In the presence of diseases that can be treated conservatively or surgically - until they are completely cured.
2. Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (vulva, vagina, Bartholin glands, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, pelvic tissue, peritoneum) - until complete healing.
3. Severe varicose veins in the vulva area.
4. Kraurosis of the vulva.
5. Genital and extragenital endometriosis.
6. Severe violations of the position of the female genital organs.
7. Severely expressed or accompanied by dysfunctional malformations and underdevelopment of the female genital area (pronounced infantilism of organs), hermaphroditism.
8. Prolapse or partial loss of female genital organs.
9. Persistent menstrual dysfunction.
XI. Infectious diseases
In the presence of positive serological or allergic reactions (Wright, Heddelson, Burnet) without clinical manifestations of brucellosis, the issue of admission to sports is decided individually.
Carriage of the surface (Australian) antigen of viral hepatitis B is the basis for a detailed examination in order to exclude hidden chronic liver disease.
Persons who have had viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever in the absence of dysfunction of the liver and gastrointestinal tract may be allowed to play sports, but not earlier than 6 months after the end of hospital treatment (sports aimed at to develop endurance).
2. Tuberculosis of the respiratory organs: lungs, bronchi, intrathoracic lymph nodes, pleura, including inactive with small residual changes after the disease, including spontaneously cured tuberculosis.
The presence of single small petrification in the lungs or intrathoracic lymph nodes is not a contraindication to sports.
3. Tuberculosis of extrathoracic localization: peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes, pericardium, peritoneum, intestines, bones and joints, genitourinary organs, eyes, skin, and other organs.
Persons with inactive tuberculosis of the respiratory system and extrathoracic localizations, i.e., in the absence of signs of activity after completion of treatment for 5 years, removal from the dispensary register and the absence of any residual changes, can be allowed to play sports.
Table 1
Possibility of playing sports with refractive errors (R.A. Pinkachenko, 1988)
| Sports that can be practiced without correction | Types of sports in which the use of correction is allowed | Sports that are incompatible with the use of correction | Sports in which reduced visual acuity is dangerous and the use of correction is contraindicated |
| All types of wrestling, weightlifting, speed skating. Figure skating, swimming. Rowing, some types of lung athletics (walking, throwing, smooth running, cross-country, pole vaulting) | Sports and rhythmic gymnastics, athletics, skiing and speed skating, figure skating, fencing, rowing, shooting, weightlifting, some sports games (tennis, towns, volleyball, basketball), cycling. | All types of wrestling, boxing, football, hockey, water polo, motorcycle and equestrian sports, skiing and diving, mountaineering. | Motorcycle and equestrian sports, sailing and watermotor sports, alpine skiing, diving, mountaineering. |
table 2
Contraindications to sports for people suffering from myopia (R.A. Pinkachenko, 1988)
| Kind of sport | Contraindications depending on the degree of myopia and eye condition | |
| Any degree of myopia | ||
| Any degree of myopia | ||
| Weightlifting | Any degree of myopia | |
| Bicycle racing on the track | Contact correction |
|
| Bicycle road racing | High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus | Contact correction |
| Sports gymnastics | No correction |
|
| Rhythmic gymnastics | As a rule, without glasses. If there is a significant decrease in vision, contact correction. |
|
| Skeet shooting, bullet shooting, archery | Complicated myopia | |
| Modern pentathlon | All types of myopia, except stationary mild myopia | See related sports |
| Horseback Riding | High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus. | No correction |
| Fencing | Complicated myopia | Spectacle or contact correction |
| Swimming | Complicated myopia | No correction |
| Water polo | High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus. | No correction |
| Diving | All types of myopia, except stationary mild myopia | No correction |
| Complicated myopia | Spectacle correction |
|
| Sailing | Complicated myopia | No correction |
| Ski race | Complicated myopia | No correction |
| Complicated myopia | Spectacle or contact correction |
|
| Skiing | All types of myopia, except stationary mild myopia | No correction |
| Ski jumping | Any degree of myopia | |
| Nordic combined | Any degree of myopia | |
| Ice-skating race | High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus. | No correction |
| Figure skating | High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus. | Without correction or with contact correction |
| Complicated myopia | No correction |
|
| Sprinting | All types of myopia, except stationary mild myopia | No correction |
| Middle and long distance running | Complicated myopia | No correction |
| High and complicated myopia | No correction |
|
| Any degree of myopia | ||
| Volleyball basketball | High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus. | No correction |
| Football, hand ball | All types of myopia, except stationary mild myopia | No correction |
| Any degree of myopia | ||
| Large tennis, table tennis, badminton. | High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus. | No correction |
| Luge | All types of myopia, except stationary mild myopia | No correction |
| Motorsports | All types of myopia, except stationary mild myopia | No correction |
| High myopia, as well as any degree of myopia due to changes in the fundus. | Spectacle correction |
Abstract *
630 rub.
Description
Rhythmic gymnastics is a young sport, not only in terms of the time of its appearance, but also in terms of the age of the athletes involved. In this regard, this sport has great importance For the proper development and formation of a young and growing body and the issue of indications and contraindications for exercise, they should be treated carefully.
The main danger of doing rhythmic gymnastics in the presence of contraindications is the possibility of further unfavorable development of pathologies such as scoliosis, flat feet and some stages of myopia, as well as an increase in the likelihood of injuries that can become chronic and have a negative impact on the functioning of individual organs and systems throughout the future. life of an athlete.
IN...
Introduction
1 Characteristics of rhythmic gymnastics
2 The influence of rhythmic gymnastics on health: indications and contraindications for exercise
2.1 Contraindications to rhythmic gymnastics
2.2 Indications for rhythmic gymnastics classes
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
Rhythmic gymnastics is a very beautiful and quite popular sport nowadays, but, like any type of physical activity, it has its own indications and contraindications. People usually start doing rhythmic gymnastics at the age of 5-7, and at this age it is of great importance for the proper development and formation of a growing body, so the issue of contraindications and the use of prohibition measures should be approached especially carefully.
The goal of rhythmic gymnastics is the harmonious development of those involved, the comprehensive improvement of their motor abilities, and the promotion of health. In the process of classes, important motor skills and abilities are formed, special knowledge is acquired, and moral and volitional qualities are cultivated.
The relevance of the topic of this work is due to the fact that currently rhythmic gymnastics is extremely popular among the population of our country and knowledge of what can be recommendations and what are contraindications in relation to practicing this sport will help preserve own health and raise a healthy young generation of Russians.
Object – rhythmic gymnastics classes.
Subject – indications and contraindications for rhythmic gymnastics.
The purpose of the research carried out in this work is to form a list of indications and contraindications for rhythmic gymnastics.
To achieve the goals of the work, the following tasks were solved
the features of rhythmic gymnastics as a sport and its influence on the body of female athletes are considered;
contraindications to rhythmic gymnastics are considered;
Indications for rhythmic gymnastics classes are considered.
Fragment of work for review
The quality of exercise performance (expressiveness, artistry, etc.) dictates the need to develop the ability for self-control and correction of muscle efforts, stability of attention, the ability to concentrate and distribute attention, speed of response, quick thinking, quick wits, self-criticism, and perseverance. 2 The influence of rhythmic gymnastics on health: indications and contraindications for exercises 2.1 Contraindications for exercises in rhythmic gymnastics When starting any kind of sport, including rhythmic gymnastics, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: health status (for various diseases and disabilities, it is not recommended to engage in any - either a sport or physical activity in general); natural abilities (many sports are demanding on physical characteristics and natural abilities, so natural flexibility and harmony, natural coordination are important for rhythmic gymnastics); psychological characteristics (the human psyche is structured in such a way that the best we achieve results in the area that we “like”, plus gymnasts must be emotionally stable, since this sport involves great psychological stress and stressful situations). sport is the state of a person’s health, namely the presence or absence of medical contraindications. There is a whole list of contraindications that relate to sports in general, as well as certain disorders and pathologies that make it unfavorable or impossible to engage in a particular sport. Medical contraindications can be either temporary or permanent. The most important absolute contraindications for sports: severe general diseases of the body, including orthopedic and rheumatic; inflammation of the heart muscle; severe pathology of the coronary arteries of the heart, angina pectoris; severe heart rhythm disturbances; severe heart valve defects; acute disease - infectious diseases occurring with elevated body temperature , fresh embolism, etc.; severe form of diabetes mellitus, illness thyroid gland , pathology of the adrenal glands; severe disturbances of electrolyte metabolism; severe stage of hypertension; acute heart attack; aneurysm of the heart wall, etc. In addition to absolute contraindications for sports, there are also relative (relative) contraindications. These include chronic diseases, the recovery period after infectious diseases, overload syndrome, manifestations of overload, and the recovery period after injuries. In this case, when resuming training, the type of load, volume, intensity and duration are important. In this case, it is imperative to consult a doctor and follow medical instructions. Contraindications directly for doing rhythmic gymnastics are visual impairment (high myopia, as well as myopia with complications in the eye day), diseases of the musculoskeletal system, in particular the cervical spine, scoliosis, vertebral instability, flat feet, untreated injuries, bone fractures and ruptures, muscle and ligament sprains. The relatively high health requirements for potential and established gymnasts are also due to the fact that due to the fairly serious loads endured by athletes from a very early age, the above ailments may not only not go away, but may even worsen. Contraindications also include mental illness. When practicing rhythmic gymnastics, concentration on movements and a heightened perception of one’s own body during training are required, while it is quite difficult for a person suffering from clinical mental disorders to do this. If you ignore the contraindications for myopia and practice rhythmic gymnastics with this disease, severe complications in the eye are possible bottom (retinal detachment, etc.) and in the vitreous body. And scoliosis, due to frequent forced deflections of the spine during training during rhythmic gymnastics and the additional tension caused by this in the intervertebral joints, can begin to progress. It is worth noting that it often happens that if a child is sent to the rhythmic gymnastics section too early, then such a contraindication how vertebral instability appears during exercise due to the body’s functional unpreparedness for this type of load. In this regard, the age of the practitioner can also be attributed to factors that carry contraindications to rhythmic gymnastics. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that is associated with a fairly high level of injuries, and many injuries in gymnasts, especially those who practice professionally, are chronic. . As a result of repeated repetition of the same exercises, overcoming pain, irreversible changes are formed in the athlete’s body at the morphological level, which subsequently transform into functional problems. If there is an acute injury, which is simply impossible not to notice, it requires immediate assistance emergency care and becomes a temporary contraindication to gymnastics, then chronic injury long years can exist without proper treatment, aggravating the condition and causing serious disorders that are extremely difficult to correct. The cause of acute and chronic injuries in rhythmic gymnastics is a violation of the technique of performing elements, incorrect teaching methods, lack of time to restore the body's systems, as well as playing this sport when the body's condition does not meet the required level due to the presence of medical contraindications. Thus, a preliminary assessment of the state of the human body and the identification of factors and pathologies, called contraindications, is of no small importance for maintaining health, safe and positive sports activities. 2.
Bibliography
1. Karpenko L. A. Rhythmic gymnastics. - M., 2003.
2. Bobrova G. A. Rhythmic gymnastics in sports schools. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1996.
3. Orlov L.P. Rhythmic gymnastics. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1999.
4. Lisitskaya T. S. Rhythmic gymnastics. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1982.
5. Menkhin Yu. V. Physical training in gymnastics. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1989.
6. Govorova L. A., Pleshkan A. V. Special physical training of highly qualified young athletes in rhythmic gymnastics - M.: 2010.
7. Matveev L.P. Fundamentals of sports training - M.: Physical Culture and sport 2007.
8. Semenov L. A. Determination of sports suitability of children and adolescents: biological and psychological-pedagogical aspects - M.: Soviet Sport, 2005.
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The content of the article:
Rhythmic gymnastics is one of the most beautiful views sports and the desire of mothers to send their girls to the section is quite understandable. Note that this is a fairly young sports discipline, and the first school of rhythmic gymnastics in our country was opened in 1913. Its founders were ballet dancers who had previously worked at the Mariinsky Theater. Rhythmic gymnastics was included in the program of the Olympic Games only in 1980.
Features of rhythmic gymnastics classes
You should start doing rhythmic gymnastics at the age of five or six. Sometimes mothers decide to send their daughters to the section even at three years old, but there’s definitely no need to rush. Firstly, you are depriving the baby of her childhood, and secondly, at the age of three, a child often does not understand what the trainer wants to achieve from him. There is a high probability that the girl will be afraid of the large hall and crowds of people, which will make her cry and want to quickly return home.
It’s another matter if the child is five or a little older. The baby will diligently follow all the instructions of her mentor, quickly master the basic gymnastic elements, and also make new friends. At the same time, you shouldn’t wait long, since as the child grows older, his flexibility decreases and it will be much more difficult for him to master gymnastic elements. But at the same time, you can send your daughter to the section at a later age, without worrying about sports results. The benefits for the child’s health in such a situation will be obvious.
No less important are the selection criteria for the rhythmic gymnastics section. In this matter, much, if not all, depends on the goal being pursued. When parents want to see their little girl in big sports, then slender and tall girls with excellent memory and high coordination of movements have the best chance of success. Don’t think that we made a mistake when we mentioned good memory as a selection requirement. Gymnasts must memorize a large number of combinations of gymnastic movements.
If a girl is prone to being overweight and cannot control her body well, then coaches are unlikely to be interested in her. If your child’s sports results do not matter to you, then there are no restrictions. Parents are often confident that rhythmic gymnastics classes will help improve their baby’s posture, eliminate excess weight, and also make her more feminine.
Quite often, girls who fully meet the selection requirements cannot achieve good results due to insufficient diligence or flexibility. Experienced coaches can determine a child's potential within a couple of weeks of training. Most often, a sports career in rhythmic gymnastics ends at the age of 17. However, female athletes can continue to train, but in a different capacity.
What is needed to practice rhythmic gymnastics?
Be prepared for the fact that before starting classes in sports sections you will need to purchase special clothing. In relation to rhythmic gymnastics, the minimum requirements are slippers and a leotard. The simplest models are suitable for training, because beautiful swimsuits are used only during competitions.
Very often, girls, when they come to the rhythmic gymnastics section, dream of beautiful exercises with ribbon and other sports equipment. However, they will begin to master them only after one or two years of training. Most often everything sports equipment will be provided in the section, which is good news, because their cost is quite high. Thus, if your little one soon changes her mind about taking up this sport, then you won’t have to regret the financial investments, because they are minimal.
Rhythmic gymnastics: what are the benefits and harms
Let's figure out what benefits and harm rhythmic gymnastics can bring. It is quite obvious that, along with positive points There will also be negative ones, which parents should definitely be aware of.
The harm of rhythmic gymnastics
This is one of the most elegant and aesthetic sports. Athletes in beautiful bright swimsuits demonstrate masterful control of their bodies, performing complex acrobatic performances. This sight cannot leave anyone indifferent. However, only the coaches and their students know what lies beneath this grace.
All movements can be brought to automatism and perfected solely through regular hours of practice. Very often, training is accompanied by severe pain and fatigue. However, all these moments are not known to the audience and many are sure that rhythmic gymnastics is best view sports for girls. Today we are talking about the benefits and harms that rhythmic gymnastics can bring, and let’s start with the negative aspects.
- Pain in the muscles- most often, until the age of seven, girls engage only in general physical training and only after that they move on to studying gymnastic combinations. In this sport, stretching is of great importance and when performing special exercises, very often girls have tears in their eyes due to pain.
- Strong physical activity- I start young athletes with training for a couple of hours a day. Gradually, the duration of classes increases and in preparation for tournaments, training can last about 10 hours! All this leads to injuries to the spinal column, joints and even nervous breakdowns.
- Hungry faint- a gymnast should not have problems with excess weight and must severely limit the energy value of her diet. As a result, hungry fainting spells among “artists” are not uncommon.
- Absence from school- in order to achieve good results in big sports, girls are forced to skip school, because a lot of time is spent on training. Very often they have to do homework right in the locker room before the start of training.
Benefits of rhythmic gymnastics
When talking about the benefits and harms that rhythmic gymnastics can bring, one cannot talk only about its disadvantages. This is especially true in situations where a child attends a sports section for his own pleasure and is not expected to have high athletic performance. Let's find out what advantages this sport has.
- Excellent physical shape- from the very beginning of classes in the section, the child develops correct posture, as well as gait. Young athletes stand out from their peers with excellent plasticity, high flexibility and slimness. Girls are instilled with a sense of rhythm, and they can move perfectly to any music. Don’t forget about self-confidence, which is common to all athletes.
- Health improves- scientists are confident that regular physical activity contributes to the harmonious development of the child’s body. Rhythmic gymnastics classes are an excellent way to combat scoliosis at the initial stage and even clubfoot.
- Character is being strengthened- sport makes children purposeful and instills discipline in them. Xie former gymnasts Those who have completed their sports career claim that thanks to sports they can solve any problems in life without strong emotions.
- Eliminates the consequences of stressful situations- Scientists have proven that exercise is the best antidepressant. This is due to the increased production of endorphins during exercise. In addition to all of the above, gymnastics can also be considered as a hobby.
Should I send my child to rhythmic gymnastics: expert opinion
Most parents whose children have been involved in rhythmic gymnastics are sure that in order to achieve great sporting results it is necessary to go to Moscow. In the regions, this is much more difficult, because often parents are forced to purchase sports equipment on their own and pay for their child’s trip to tournaments. You should also consult a doctor first and closely monitor your girl's health.
Professional trainers recommend enrolling a child in a professional section from the age of 4. You can enroll in amateur groups a little later, and with good natural abilities this is possible even at ten years old. Trainers agree that physical activity is beneficial for the body, but only if it is moderate.
A fairly significant drawback of rhythmic gymnastics, according to the experts themselves, is the need for serious dietary restrictions. Girls whose muscles do not recover well after microtrauma should not be enrolled in the rhythmic gymnastics section. We have already said that in this sport a lot of attention is paid to stretching and if the muscle tissue is restored long time, That severe pain It is inevitable that almost every activity for a girl will turn into torture.
Also, at the end of the conversation about the benefits and harms that rhythmic gymnastics can bring, it is worth recalling that it is important to find out the child’s own opinion about this sport. If a girl is interested in gymnastics, then the training will be a joy for her and will only bring benefits. Of course, this statement is primarily true for amateur sports.
More about rhythmic gymnastics in the following video: