Do-it-yourself bridges for a dacha - we decorate the landscape. Arriving at the site - an overview of the best modern options and stages of construction (90 photo ideas) Which pipe is better

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Today in the article we will talk about a frequently encountered situation in suburban construction. This is when the plot allocated for construction country house, located behind a canal or ditch. It is not possible to drive directly to the construction site, and they do not allow you to fill up the obstacle natural conditions. Therefore, the owner of the land plot is faced with the task of building a crossing. So, let’s figure out how to make an entrance to the site through a ditch.

Entrance to a suburban area through a ditch Source stroycomplektpro.ru

Types of ditch arrangement to form an entrance

There are quite a few ways to build a crossing over a ditch or canal. Among them, there are complex technologies where you have to use heavy equipment, and there are simple ones that are carried out almost manually. Let's look at several options that are most often used in practice.

Option No. 1 - concrete slabs

Entrance to the site through a ditch is formed road slabs. There are several types of reinforced concrete products, but two are more often used:

1P or 2P with dimensions 3000x1750x170 mm;

PDN with dimensions 6000x2000x140 or 180 mm.

In terms of size, it is clear that the choice depends on the width of the ditch. Note that these are quite powerful slabs that can easily support a loaded dump truck. To cover the ditch, two slabs are laid across the obstacle.

Crossing a ditch made of road slabs Source most-na-kanavu.ru

The reinforced concrete products themselves are a heavy material; if you add the weight of a car, and even a loaded one, then the pressure on the soil of the ditch banks will be significant. To avoid subsidence of the soil and, accordingly, distortion of the crossing, it is necessary to strengthen the places where the slabs are laid. How it's done:

They remove soil on the shore to a depth of 0.5 m.

Fill up with crushed stone of the middle fraction in a layer of 10-20 cm.

A concrete screed 20-25 cm thick is poured. For reinforcement, you can lay a reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement, connected in the form of a lattice with cells of 20x20 cm.

After the screed has dried crane install slabs.

To speed up the installation process, you can avoid using concrete mortar. Instead of a screed, FB foundation blocks are installed. Their height is 60 cm, so you will have to either deepen the area along the shore for installation of the slabs, or install them according to the dimensions indicated above. In the second case, the laid road slabs will be located above the level of the ditch banks. For leveling, a crushed stone backfill is made, followed by laying asphalt or concrete mortar. You can line it with stone or paving slabs.

Reducing the width of a ditch with concrete slabs Source landshaftdizajn.ru

On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer the service of designing and carrying out landscape work, fencing and small architectural forms for a turnkey country house. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

If the ditch is wide enough and cannot be covered with one slab, then reduce the channel of the obstacle. For this purpose, concrete slabs are used only for other purposes. For example, for floors or walls.

They are installed at the bottom of the channel, as they say “on the butt,” that is, on the edge. A crane is used.

The space between them and the shore is covered with soil.

To prevent the slabs from folding inward, spacers are placed between them, for example, made of a metal profile or steel pipe.

After strengthening, the road slabs themselves are laid using a crane.

If the obstacle is not wide, then the device for entering the site through a ditch is formed with a pipe. It is better to use reinforced concrete products. Today they are offered by manufacturers in different sections, so it will not be difficult to find one that fits the width of the channel. It is simply laid at the bottom of the ditch, covered with soil, and reinforced concrete slabs are laid on top.

Video description

The video shows how a driveway is constructed from concrete slabs and pipes through the ditch:

Drive through a channel formed by road slabs, solid construction. The above three options are just a small part of how to arrange the entrance to the site using a slab platform. The main task of the work manufacturer is to create strong supporting structures for the laid slabs. Here are some support options:

steel pipes laid across the ditch, two pipes under each slab;

logs treated with hot bitumen or bitumen mastic;

channel or I-beam.

The photo below shows interesting designs a support that itself can withstand a lot of weight, not to mention the reinforced concrete slabs laid on top of it. By the way, it is in this state without coating that it is used. But this already applies to the second main option.

Pipe support structure for crossing the canal Source www.semiestrel.ru

Option number 2 – metal and wood

Instead of reinforced concrete slabs, other materials are used: lumber, metallic profile and sheet iron. We must immediately point out that the last option is not a cheap pleasure. It is not recommended to use used metal for crossing ditches. In addition, assembling structures of this type is not easy; electric welding and a highly qualified welder are required. This is not a place for amateurs, the area is too dangerous in terms of loading the crossing.

You can approach the problem of entering a summer cottage through a ditch and from a cheaper side, using lumber. Essentially, we need to build a bridge. It is small, but the requirements for it are no weaker than for a slab crossing. After all, a car will drive across such a bridge.

As supports, timber with minimum cross-section 250x250 mm. You can use logs. They are laid with their edges along the banks of the ditch in increments of 1.5 m. The ends of the beams that are laid on the ground must be waterproofed: coated with bitumen mastic and wrapped with roofing felt. It is optimal if waterproofing is carried out in two layers.

Wooden crossing over the ditch to the dacha Source pic2.me

Boards 50 mm thick are laid across the laid supports. If loaded dump trucks or other types of cargo vehicles will drive through the structure being constructed, transporting construction site building materials, it is better to reduce the step of laying beams. Lay logs or beams of smaller cross-section across them on top, and then boards. It should look something like the top photo. Of course, the design should be more presentable appearance.

Option No. 3 - embankment with drainage pipe

This option for arranging the entrance to the site through a ditch is used more often than others. It is easier to carry out work and cheaper. It all depends on the width and depth of the obstacle.

If the ditch is small, then a pipe (metal, asbestos, plastic or concrete) is laid in it, covered with soil, and a durable flooring is laid on top of the resulting passage. It could be concrete screed, or as in the first option, a reinforced concrete slab, asphalt, paving slabs and other building materials used to cover paths.

Driving through a ditch with a pipe laid in it Source remontik.org

Useful advice if you use it for travel plastic pipe, then we must take into account that it cannot withstand point loads, that is, pressure from stones, broken bricks and other materials with sharp edges. Therefore, before laying it, sand is poured into the bottom of the ditch, a pipe is laid, which is again covered with a sand layer on top. And you can sprinkle crushed stone or gravel on top.

If the ditch is deep and wide, then when filling the pipe, the edges of the embankment will constantly collapse, which will reduce the strength characteristics of the entire structure. Therefore, the edges of the structure are reinforced. Usually concrete or stone is used for this.

For example, in the photo below, the edges of the driveway were made of stone. They made walls that keep the embankment from destruction and washing away.

Drive through a ditch formed by a pipe and stone Source pinterest.com

On next photo Exactly the same structure, only poured with concrete mortar. It is more complicated in that to pour concrete it is necessary to assemble formwork along the edges of the embankment. The poured walls are kept in the formwork for a week. In addition, it is recommended to waterproof their internal surfaces using bitumen mastic. After which the space between the walls is filled with soil, crushed stone or sand.

Concrete driveway through a ditch Source mega-zabor.ru

Conclusion on the topic

As you can see, the type of ditch arrangement along the site depends on the size of the obstacle itself. If this is a small trench, then best option- a pipe laid in it, covered with soil. If this is a widely and deeply dug structure, then you will have to fork out money to purchase expensive Construction Materials. In addition, installation of many will require heavy equipment, the services of which will have to be paid for. But if the entrance through the ditch is made for constant use, then you should not save on this structure.

Entry to the site makes it possible to fully service it. Without proper arrangement of vehicle access it will not be possible to carry out construction work, get firewood, fertilizers, not to mention a personal car.

Even on foot it will be difficult to enter an entrance that is not properly equipped. Often, ensuring the necessary entry becomes a problem, but you can solve it yourself by understanding the specifics of the work.

We can consider ourselves lucky for those newly minted owners of a plot of land that is located in a flat area and approaching it does not cause problems. In practice, such territories have unpredictable terrain - holes, hills, ravines, which means there are obstacles in front of the entrance that make it difficult for vehicles to access.

Most often, along the main road there is a drainage system to drain flood and sediment waters, and a trench was laid along the front side of the site, which is the most common obstacle in organizing entry to it.

The entrance device to a suburban area can have several options:

Simple, smooth entry. This is a rare case when it is enough to lay down a covering and install a gate of the required width.
Entry with arrangement drainage system . The site development rules recommend laying a drainage system along the road, which forces the entrance to be arranged over a drainage trench using a pipe.
Drive through a ditch. If a sufficiently wide ditch is laid in front of the gate, then the following methods of arranging the entrance are used: using pipes, using wooden sleepers, laying reinforced concrete slabs. Depending on the width of the ditch, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen the walls and increase the reliability of the ceiling.
Entry on a slope. This option requires certain security measures when entering by vehicle.

Each of the entry options has its own specifics, which must be taken into account to ensure the normal entry of not only personal vehicles, but also special vehicles - construction trucks, truck cranes, fire trucks, ambulances, etc.

Choice of coverage

Entry zone for any suburban area is subject to the most intense wear, which causes increased requirements for its coating. The choice of material for it should be made taking into account the availability of personal transport, the expected arrival of vehicles, and the possibility of their parking.

Coverage should be sufficient strong, durable, resistant to climatic influences V different seasons, frost-resistant, resistant to prolonged exposure to sunlight. There should be no puddles left on it after rain and it should not become limp during the inclement off-season.

Coverage of the entrance area can be of two types - economical simple And hard, increased strength. In the first case, it is a leveled and compacted soil with a bulk layer that has drainage capabilities - sand, crushed stone, gravel.

Particular attention is paid to hard coating, which can have the following varieties:

Monolithic concrete covering performed by pouring the solution. Subject to technology, it has high strength and reliability, which compensates for the fairly high cost. A disadvantage is the constant formation of concrete dust due to frequent vehicle traffic.
Concrete slab covering. Unlike the previous version, it has joining seams that can be destroyed, which over time leads to disruption of the road's smoothness.
Asphalt. This material will cost much less than cement, but it is very difficult to manually apply it efficiently. If it is possible to use special equipment (skating rink), then asphalt pavement will ensure that all requirements are met.
Paving stones or paving slabs . This is a fairly strong and durable coating that has an attractive appearance, and therefore harmonizes with general design plot. However, its cost is quite high, and masonry requires a lot of time and specific skills.
Wooden flooring. Wood is susceptible to rotting and does not have a long service life, but its sufficient strength, availability and low cost make it a popular material in the manufacture of flooring for trenches and ditches.

The choice of coating material largely depends on the financial capabilities of the owner. In simple farms, a sand layer is often laid, but concrete pouring is the most popular.

Regulatory Requirements

In addition to the convenience of owners and appearance, the entrance device to the site must comply with SNiP standards, which provide minimum safety requirements and do not allow interference with other people.

The following standardized parameters are distinguished:

the width of the driveway must be at least 4-4.5 m;
at the junction of the entrance to the main road, a widening of at least 8-8.5 is provided, which ensures a turn with a radius of at least 5 m;
When organizing drainage, a pipe with a diameter of more than 30 cm and a length of more than 4.5 m is used in the roadway ditch;
the slope of the pipe under the roadway must coincide with the slope of the trench;
the entrance at the junction with the road must have a level that matches the level of the roadway.

The owner of the site himself determines the design of the entrance, but at the same time he should not worsen the capacity of the road and not plan to park a personal car on it. If the site is part of a gardening partnership, then the arrangement of the entrance must take into account the rules established in it.

How to make an entrance through a drainage ditch?

The entrance to the site should not block the drainage system, which means you cannot simply fill in the ditch. Drainage is maintained by laying a pipe with a diameter of 30-50 cm depending on the volume of water drained. You can use metal, plastic, reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement products.

Arrangements for check-in are provided in the following order:

For the entire width of the entrance, soil is removed from the bottom of the ditch to a depth of 15-20 cm, and the surface is compacted.
A cushion of sand and crushed stone 30-40 cm thick is poured into the recessed area and thoroughly compacted.
The pipe is laid so that it protrudes from each side by at least 50 cm. For example, with an entrance width of 5 m, the length of the pipe should be at least 6 m. It is recommended to attach a mesh to the ends of the pipe to prevent excessive clogging.
A mixture of sand and crushed stone is poured over the pipe. The thickness of the layer is at least 30 cm. Everything is carefully compacted.
Arrangement of the entrance through the drainage system completes the formation of the coating.

Entry to the site through a drainage ditch increased strength done using concrete walls OK. This design is built as follows:

Operations before laying the pipe and the laying itself are carried out similarly to the above method.
After laying the pipe, formwork is installed on both sides, the height of which corresponds to or slightly exceeds the height of the ditch.
It is installed in the formwork with a diameter of 12-14 mm.
The reinforcing walls are being poured. The width of the concrete strip is 15-20 cm.
After the concrete has completely hardened, the formwork is dismantled.
On top of the pipe, the entire space between the concrete walls is filled with a mixture of sand and crushed stone.

When constructing these entrances, the pipe is laid parallel to the bottom of the ditch, i.e. has a similar bias. After backfilling the pipe, water should not leak through the constructed embankment.

How to arrange a race from sleepers?

If the ditch before entering the site is wide enough, then you will have to decking - bridge. One of the simplest and cheapest options is to use railway wooden sleepers. They are already impregnated with a special anti-rot composition and are able to withstand moisture.

It should be noted that they do not have sufficient strength for the movement of loaded freight vehicles. In addition, sleepers (especially used ones) have specific smell, intensifying in the sun.

Attractive in such material cheap and easy to install with your own hands. It must be taken into account that during the season when the soil is very wet, the sleepers tend to diverge. To exclude such a phenomenon, they should securely fasten together.

Covering with reinforced concrete slab

Device for driving through a ditch and covering it reinforced concrete slab is provided quickly, but requires significant costs. The strength of such an overlap allows you to drive any transport. The main disadvantage is the heavy weight, which requires the use of truck crane.

Problems can arise if the ditch walls are weak and cannot support the weight of the slab. In this case, you will have to install supports. The most common option is concrete supporting walls on both sides. To do this, formwork is installed, steel reinforcement is laid and concrete is poured. The gap between such a support and the ditch wall is filled with sand and crushed stone with compaction.

Entry device on a slope

Access to a site is often complicated by the presence of an upward or downward slope.

In this case, it is necessary to prevent spontaneous movement of the car and increase the adhesion of its wheels to the road.

The most common way to arrange such an entrance is use of the ramp principle with a maximum inclination of 23-24 degrees.

The production of the entrance ramp is carried out in the following order:

The soil on the surface is cut off to form steps.
On the sides, the entrance is limited by concrete walls (curbs). To do this, formwork is installed, reinforcing mesh is installed and concrete is poured.
Crushed stone is poured between the curbs in a layer 12-18 cm thick, forming the required slope and thoroughly compacting it.
The entrance surface is filled with concrete with a thickness of at least 10 cm.

If desired, you can apply a finishing coat on top. One of the most attractive options is paving slabs.

Procedure for concrete work

One of the most reliable and available ways arrangement of the entrance surface - pouring concrete. In this way, both the entrance itself and the parking area are made. When carrying out concreting, the following order is observed:

The soil is removed to a depth of 30 cm, and the bottom is compacted.
A cushion of sand and crushed stone 25-35 cm thick is filled with compaction.
A ready-made steel reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the pillow or a reinforcing layer of steel reinforcement with a diameter of at least 8-10 mm is mounted, laid in the form of a mesh with cells no larger than 20-25 cm.
A solution is prepared from cement grade no lower than M300 (1 part), sand (3 parts) and crushed stone (3-4 parts).
A concrete solution with a thickness of at least 12-15 cm is poured with careful compaction. The surface is leveled and checked.

There should be no depressions on the concrete surface in which water will accumulate. The entrance is made with a slight slope from the center line to drain sedimentary moisture.

Alternative solutions

When significant problems alternative ways to solve them are identified. With a large slope angle, the entrance will have to be provided along a curved trajectory, which will help to gradually reduce the magnitude of the height difference. If the area in front of the site does not allow this, then an elongated entrance is built, running parallel to the site. There is a turning area in front of the gate.

Too large ditches and uneven areas sometimes have to be bypassed by entering from the rear side of the site. On the front side, only a small bridge is being built and a gate is installed for entry on foot.

Events for organizing check-in

Arrangement of the entrance to the site is the first and important step in arranging the site, without which you should not begin construction work (see:) and landscaping of the territory. The work is organized in the following order:

familiarization with the norms of SNiP and the rules of a gardening organization;
determining the optimal entry point to the site, taking into account the topography of the adjacent territory and the location of the main road;
development of an entry project, selection of arrangement options;
site preparation, debris removal, maximum leveling;
Carrying out work on the arrangement of the entrance.

When planning events, you should immediately determine the location of the transport stop in front of the gate and a place for long-term parking of cars. It is necessary to take into account not only a personal car, but also the possible arrival of guests and special equipment.

The normal functioning of a suburban area is impossible without correct device entry to it. It can be arranged different ways, but it is necessary to ensure reliability, durability, and most importantly - safety. All work can be done with your own hands, for which you need to take into account regulatory requirements And general rules their implementation.

And at such moments the question arises: what is a durable entrance to the site that can not only withstand the weight of transport, but also allow water to flow freely along the drain.

What materials are best to use

Which pipe to choose

Nowadays, there are several options for entry pipes.

The most popular, economical, long-lasting and easy to transport and install option are polymer drainage sewer pipes.

Sewage drainage pipes are lightweight compared to all options and are very easy to install. You will not need to hire special equipment to deliver the pipe to the site and install it.

The most important advantages of drainage sewer pipes over metal are that they do not corrode and are inert to aggressive chemical environments.

In terms of load, these pipes are in no way inferior to other sewer pipe options. Drainage pipes can withstand increased loads, so they are used even under highways. Also, the material from which the pipes are made can withstand temperature conditions from -50 degrees to +90.

In the manufacture of polymer drainage pipes the following are often used:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Polyethylene
Polypropylene

PVC is most often used.

Pipes can be single-layer or double-layer. The most common are two-layer drainage pipes. The top layer of these pipes is an accordion, which increases the elasticity of drainage and helps the pipe to withstand the loads pressing on it.

Pipes may have different diameter and length from 1 to 6 meters. The most common diameters of sewer drainage pipes are 315/368 and 400/460.

The best option for entering the site would be two-layer plastic corrugated pipes, as they are the most durable and easiest to install.

Which geotextile to choose

IN modern systems For drainage, geotextiles are necessarily used, which makes it possible to protect the perforated pipe from contamination and the bulk material from spreading.

The most important advantage of geotextiles is the high level of resistance to aggressive environments, due to which the service life of geotextiles when in the ground is very long.

Geotextiles are very elastic, so the material sheet does not break on stones that fall during installation.

Geotextiles are classified by density. It varies from 100 g/m2 to 600 g/m2.

To arrange the entrance to the site, geotextiles of 300 g/m2 are required. Geotextiles with a minimum density will not have the necessary characteristics, and dense geotextiles will provoke rapid siltation of the system walls, due to a decrease in the filtration coefficient.

The main advantage of geotextiles is ease of installation. It is easy to cut, roll and stack.

When laying geotextiles, you should pay attention to the following:

Since geotextiles are very susceptible to sunlight, it is recommended to remove it from the packaging immediately before starting work.
It is necessary to lay the canvas on a pre-leveled base to avoid damage. It is necessary that the edges of the geotextile are located along the edges of the trench. Geotextiles must be laid evenly, without folds and at the same time without tension.
The width of the material must be selected from the size of the pipe being laid. To the resulting value, add another 20-30 cm for the drainage fill cover and 40-50 cm for the possibility of overlapping geotextiles.

The main rule for choosing geotextiles for a drainage system is to give preference quality products and strictly follow the installation technology.

Gabions - an alternative to concrete work

Gabions are one of the most commonly used methods for strengthening ditches, slopes and banks.

It is less expensive compared to, for example, the construction of concrete walls. With the help of gabions, we will create not only durable, but also aesthetically attractive structures.

Gabions are used on major transport routes and on the banks of large rivers. The gabion structure can withstand up to 5 tons per 1m2, so you will not need to worry about the service life of the entrance to the site through the ditch.

Gabions are as simple to install as drainage sewage pipe and geotextiles. You will not need to involve specialists in the work.

In terms of cost, gabions definitely outperform concrete walls. In addition, gabions are an environmentally friendly product and have excellent drainage, which generally eliminates the occurrence of hydrostatic loads.

Stages of work

Before starting work, be sure to make sure that the ditch is not filled with water.

The first thing you need to do is remove upper layer soil along the future entrance
Sprinkle along the bottom of the trench river sand and tamp it down. Thickness sand cushion should be 15-20 cm.

Install the pipe

After you have installed the entry pipe, it should be filled with a mixture of sand and crushed stone or gravel. It is best to do the backfill in two layers, that is, first fill the trench with sand, then cover it with geotextiles, and then fill it with crushed stone.
All layers must be compacted well after laying them.
At the end, secure the entrance with gabion structures, since without restrictions on the sides the road will begin to move apart when the car moves

Devices for entering the site through a ditch: creation, requirements, order of work. Checking into a summer cottage provides an opportunity for full maintenance. Without proper arrangement of the entrance to the site, it will not be possible to carry out construction work, bring in firewood, fertilizers, and even more so, a personal car. Even on foot it will be difficult to enter the entrance, which is not properly equipped.

Quite often, to ensure the required entry you have to put in a lot of effort, but the problem can be solved with your own hands if you understand the specifics of the work.

You can consider that the owners of a dacha plot are lucky if it is located on level ground and there are no problems with approaching it. In fact, such territories have incredible terrain - hills, holes, ravines, which means that there are obstacles in front of the entrance that will make it difficult for cars to access. Typically, a drainage system is laid along the main road to drain sediment and flood waters, and along the front of the site there is a trench, which is the most popular obstacle to entering the site.

The entry device can have several options:

Normal, smooth entry. This is perhaps the rarest case when all that is needed is laying a covering and installing a gate of the required width.
Entry with a drainage system. Arrangement rules summer cottages It is recommended to lay the system along the road, which forces you to create an entrance above the drainage trench when using a pipe.
Entry through a ditch. If there is a large and wide ditch in front of the place where the gate should be, then use following methods entry - using pipes, using wooden sleepers or laying. Depending on the width of the ditch, measures should be taken to strengthen the walls and create a reliable ceiling.
Entry at an angle. In this case, certain security measures are required when entering by vehicle.

Each option has its own special specifics, which must be taken into account in order to ensure normal entry not only of a personal vehicle, but also of special equipment - if construction is underway, then a truck, as well as a truck crane, fire truck, ambulance van, etc.

Choosing coverage

The device for entering the site through a ditch is subject to the most intense wear, which is due to high requirements to the coating. The choice of material for the check-in should be made taking into account whether you have a personal car, what vehicles can they drive to your home, and is parking required? The coating must be durable, strong, resistant to climatic influences in different seasons, frost-resistant, and resistant to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.

There are two types of coating at the entrance area - economical hard and simple, or with high level strength. In the first case, it is compacted and leveled soil with a bulk layer that has the following drainage components - gravel, sand and crushed stone.

Hard coating, which has several types, deserves a separate discussion:

The choice of covering material for the entrance to the site will largely depend on the financial condition of the owner. If the owners are not too rich, then most often they make a sand layer, but pouring concrete is still the most popular.

Regulatory Requirements

In addition to the general convenience of residents and appearance, the design of the entrance to the site must necessarily comply with SNiP standards, which help ensure at least the minimum safety requirements and do not make it possible to create interference for other people.

The following normalized parameters are distinguished:

The owner of the site must determine the entry devices himself, but at the same time must not in any way impair the road capacity and not create a personal parking lot on it. In the case where the site is also part of a gardening partnership, then the creation of a drive must take into account the rules that are established in the partnership.

How to create a drive through a drainage ditch?

The entrance to the site should not block the system, which means you cannot simply fill up the ditch. Drainage can be preserved by laying a pipe with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 meters, depending on the volume of water being drained. You can use plastic, metal, reinforced concrete and even asbestos-cement products.

Arrangement of the entrance to the site through a ditch is carried out in the following order:

Entry to the site through a high-strength ditch is made using concrete walls. This design can be done as follows:

All actions before installation and installation are performed in the same way as in the method above.
After the pipe is laid, formwork should be installed on its two sides, the height of which will be equal to or slightly greater than the height of the ditch.
Reinforcing steel rods must be installed in the formwork, the diameter of which should be from 1.2 to 1.4 cm.
After this, the reinforcing walls are poured. The width of the concrete strip should be from 15 to 20 cm.
When the concrete has completely hardened, the formwork is completely dismantled.
On top of the pipe, fill the entire space with a mixture of crushed stone and sand between the concrete walls.

When creating these types of entrances, the pipe must be laid parallel to the bottom of the ditch, i.e. be with the same bias. After filling the pipe, water should under no circumstances leak through the constructed embankment.

How to make a race from sleepers?

If the ditch is wide enough before entering the site, then you will need to make a deck - a bridge. One of the fastest and cheapest options is to use wooden railway sleepers. The fact is that it is the sleepers that are impregnated with special anti-rot compounds, which also give the wood resistance to moisture. We also note that they are not strong enough to move loaded freight vehicles. In addition, sleepers (especially those that have been used) have a special smell, which becomes stronger in the sun.

But what’s attractive about the material is its low cost and ease of installation, even with your own hands. It should be borne in mind that during the season when the soil is very wet, the sleepers may begin to diverge. To avoid such cases, they need to be very well fastened together.

Covering with reinforced concrete slab

Installing an entrance through a ditch and covering it with a reinforced concrete slab is quick, but expensive. But the strength of this ceiling makes it possible for any type of transport to enter. The main disadvantage is the heavy weight, which means you will have to pay for the work of the crane operator. Problems also sometimes arise if the walls of the ditch are weak and cannot support the weight of the slab. The most common option is to install concrete supporting walls on both sides. This will require the installation of formwork, followed by laying steel reinforcement and pouring concrete. The gap between this type of support and the walls of the ditch should be filled with crushed stone and sand, and then compacted.

Entry device with slope

Often, access to a site is complicated by the presence of a downward or upward slope. In this case, spontaneous movements of cars should be excluded and the adhesion of the wheels to the road surface should be increased. The most common way to solve this problem is to use the ramp principle, the maximum inclination of which is 24 degrees.

The manufacture of an entrance ramp is carried out in the following order:

Cut off the soil from the surface to form steps.
On the sides, the entrance is limited by curbs (concrete walls). To do this, make formwork, install reinforcing mesh and pour concrete.
Pour crushed stone between the curbs, and the thickness of its layer should be from 12 to 18 cm, forming the required slope and good.
Fill the drive-in surface with concrete, the thickness should be at least 10 cm.

If possible, a finishing coat can be applied on top. The most attractive option is paving slabs.

The procedure for performing concreting work

One of the most reliable and simple ways Arrangement of the entrance means pouring concrete. This way you will create both an entrance and a parking area. When performing concreting follow the following order:

Remove the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm and compact the bottom.
Fill with a cushion of crushed stone and sand; its thickness should be from 25 to 35 cm (after compaction).
Lay a finished steel reinforcing mesh on top of the pillow or install a reinforcing layer of steel reinforcement with a diameter of at least 1 cm laid in the form of a mesh and cells no larger than 25 cm.
Make a solution of cement, and its grade should be at least M300 (1 part), sand (3 parts) and crushed stone (4 parts).
Fill the resulting concrete solution with a thickness of at least 12-15 cm into the driveway and compact it thoroughly. The surface should be leveled and checked using a building level.

Under no circumstances should there be depressions on the surface in which water will accumulate. It is advisable to make the entrance with a slight slope from the center line so that sedimentary moisture drains away.

Alternative

If you have big problems, you can choose alternative solutions. With a large slope angle, you will have to enter along a curved path, which will help to gradually reduce the magnitude of the difference. If the area in front of the site does not allow you to do this, then you will have to make an extended entrance that will run parallel to the site, and there must be a turning area in front of the gate. Too large bumps and ditches will sometimes have to be avoided if you enter the site from the rear side of the site. On the front side, you will need to make a convenient bridge and install a gate for those who have income from housing, but do not get there.

By purchasing land plot, the owners first think about convenient entry into it. Regardless of the purpose, for landscaping you will have to import building materials, tools and various utensils.

Check-in is necessary simply to get to the site with the whole family, without leaving the vehicle unattended on the street. Often sewage or drainage ditches. Then the question arises: how to make it? It should be comfortable, practical and durable. You can turn to professionals or arrange everything yourself.

First of all, you should carefully study the features of the landscape, measure the depth and width of the ditch, take into account specifications and soil features. Under no circumstances should you fill up a ditch; with the arrival of spring floods or heavy rains, flooding will become natural. Your garden beds, house and basement may be in water.

The organization of entry to the site through a ditch, first of all, involves the arrangement of a drainage system. This will ensure uninterrupted flow of water in case of precipitation or flooding. It is worth considering and calculating several options, determining the profitability of construction work, taking into account the capabilities, desires and characteristics of the site. Among the services of construction companies there are specialists offering professional help for making such entrances through ditches.

Options for entering the site

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully study the location of the future structure. If there are neighbors nearby who have already built an entrance, talk to them, find out the methods, methods and cost of construction costs.

Arrangement of access to the site through a ditch should begin in compliance with some basic rules:

Measure the width and depth of the ditch.
Define type drainage pipe, calculate its length and width, choose the appropriate material.
Prepare materials and tools.
Draw up a work plan.

Advice! It is important to decide on the design of the future race even before the start of construction, so that it matches the general style design solutions plot and house.

Arrangement of arrival begins with the purchase necessary materials; , screenings, pipes, cement and sand.

Perhaps for a more durable model of arrival you will need reinforced concrete structures, metal channels, wooden and waterproofing building materials. For summer cottages it is practiced to use budget options flooring made from decommissioned railway sleepers or prefabricated metal structures.

To achieve maximum strength, you can order the services of a concrete truck and fill the driveway surface with industrial concrete.

A variety of hard coatings can be chosen:

Wooden. The most affordable and cheap material, but short-lived. To extend service life wooden materials they are treated with special compounds or use hard wood: larch and oak.
Paving stones. Aesthetic appearance. The covering is made using paving slabs and stone. The price is quite high, installation requires special skills.
Concrete slab. In the case of seamless fabric and reinforcement cage lasts a long time. Delivery and installation require additional costs and effort.
Asphalt. Inexpensive way, but to carry out quality work requires special equipment. Convenient and practical option for new areas where renovation work is being carried out.
Monolithic coating. You can pour concrete yourself.
Crushed stone or screenings. The simplest method, but requires constant filling and leveling of the coating.

The width of the entrance is calculated taking into account the dimensions of the entrance gate; it must be at least 2 meters wider. Mandatory condition: the joint must coincide with road surface, and carefully treated to prevent erosion.

Advice! For safety, fences must be installed on both sides: concrete, metal, brick or stone.

Before starting work and laying the pipe, a layer of sand is poured and compacted.

Using a pipe

Depending on financial capabilities and taking into account the durability of the structure, pipes for water drainage are selected:

Asbestos-cement. Considering the light weight and affordable price, these types of pipes are most popular among summer residents with shallow ditches and a planned low load capacity. To enhance wear resistance, a structure of crushed stone and sand is built around the pipe.
Plastic corrugated pipe. Most affordable option: lightweight, non-corrosive, has a long service life. For strengthening, crushed stone and sand are used.
Metal. They are susceptible to corrosion and have a short service life.
Concrete. The most impractical due to difficulties with transportation and heavy weight.

Advice! When choosing a pipe, it is necessary to take into account its cross-section so that water can pass through it freely.

The pipe for entering the site through the ditch is closed on both sides with lattice barriers to prevent the entry of debris, stones and branches.

On top of the pipe, to strengthen the structure, a powerful frame is usually made and filled with concrete. Available upon request finishing coat taste. If placed monolithic slab, the distance between it and the road is isolated as much as possible.

Without using a pipe

The driveway can be equipped without installing a pipe as a way to drain water. This is possible provided:

small, up to half a meter, ditch depth;
location of the site on a hill;
arid climate with little precipitation.

The simplest and budget method, if the ditch is shallow, covering it from above is enough durable material to ensure the passage of transport. A reinforced concrete slab for entering the site through a ditch is suitable. Delivering it requires effort and expense, but this design will last for a long time. For durability, before laying it, strengthen the edges of the ditch with crushed stone, stones or concrete.

How to drive onto a site with a slope

If there is a slope in one direction or another between the site and the road, the drive is planned taking into account the angle of the inclined plane. At construction work all options must be provided to prevent the machine from spontaneously moving downhill and sliding in the event of icing.

With a large inclination, if possible, the trajectory is extended and curved as much as possible. Or they arrange a flat area in front of the gate. It is recommended to provide sloped driveways with canopies to protect them from precipitation. Thus, there is a possibility that it will be possible to avoid icing in winter period. Such structures are assembled from wood and metal. The covering is chosen to suit every taste: corrugated sheeting, slate, soft tiles or polycarbonate.

Modern technologies make it possible to install a heated floor system directly at the entrance. It is further processed waterproofing materials. During the cold season, this method prevents the formation of ice.

If the road is higher than the site, it is necessary to provide additional traction for the wheels of the car to avoid automatic rolling.

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