Pattern for cold forging with your own hands. DIY cold forging device video

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Machine "Snail" for cold forging with their own hands is used by most craftsmen when working on original rolled products. The blacksmith business is most often based on the production of forged products, where there are parts in the form of original hinges.

It is impossible to imagine an entrance gate in the style of the 17th-19th centuries without curls, monograms and other original elements. They not only decorate, skilled craftsmen could create written greetings from metal. Complex curved fragments are used as reinforcements on fences, entrances, fence railings and other decorative items. Complex profiles add delicacy to structures.

Devices for bending metal elements “Snail”

To bend workpieces according to certain parameters, auxiliary conductors are used, called “Snail”. They serve as a special template that allows you to reproduce dozens and, if necessary, hundreds of similar parts. The “Snail” machine for cold forging bends parts without additional heating.

The work is based on the deformation of metal according to a certain principle. To bend, you have to put in a lot of effort. Therefore, craftsmen quite often equip “Snail” devices with an electric drive. Geared motors help to develop significant forces with a limited shoulder of force application. The torque in the processing zone can reach several tens of kilograms.

If such work is performed only due to the physical strength of the blacksmith, the worker will get tired quite quickly. Its productivity will drop to zero. And with a mechanical assistant, hundreds of workpieces can be produced per shift.

It must be taken into account that bending of blanks is an intermediate stage in manufacturing complex structures. They still need to be installed in the right place and welded. Only then will an intermediate result be obtained. Then the product will need to be painted and installed at the place of order. All operations will require not only time, but also the physical strength of the master.

Structurally, the device can be:

Non-separable, then it will be used to bend parts only to certain lengths. The resulting spiral has certain limitations in use.
Prefabricated (there are additional fragments to increase the duration of bending), and the device can be used to bend long parts. Large sized parts will be received.

To work with parts from small-sized profile pipes, some make manual devices. They involve the use of levers to help move the workpiece around the mandrel. The finished parts are removed from the end, slightly loosening the tension.

Most often in such cases I use square bars □8...12. Some craftsmen manually bend profile pipes 15·15 mm with a wall of 1.5 mm. For larger products, a mechanical drive is required.

Manufacturing technology of the “Snail” device

In a simplified way, the technological process of making a “Snail” machine with your own hands can be represented as a series of sequential operations.

The profile of the product to be manufactured is drawn on a sheet of paper. When drawing, the dimensions of the product are maintained. The drawing is needed only to obtain the profile of the part itself. Attention! When processing, the thickness of the workpiece is taken into account. A gap of at least 3...4 mm is needed, then the product can be removed after bending it in the device.
For most machines, a central stop is made. It will record the beginning.
Different craftsmen use their own fixation techniques, so their products can be distinguished by their handwriting.
A support plate is cut from a steel sheet. The center will be welded to it, as well as the spiral. The thickness of the plate must be at least 3 mm, since significant forces will be applied. The size of the plate in the future will also determine the parameters of the curl.
Using the spiral drawing, the workpiece is bent from the strip. When bending it, the parameters are controlled. The more accurately this element is manufactured, the easier it will be to manufacture elements for forging products. Attention! If it is necessary to make curls with more than one turn, you need to cut the spiral strip diagonally. Therefore, a strip of much wider width is used. The minimum size corresponds to the height of the profile that is going to be bent on the machine.
The device is placed on a special rack to make it easier to form finished products. For small parts it is convenient to place them on a vertical stand.
To make the job easier, weld the handle. It is installed on the reverse side so that it does not interfere with the installation and removal of workpieces.

Step-by-step manufacturing of a small-sized manual machine for making curls

A small machine is designed for the production of curls from rolled strip with a width of 20...30 mm. It's easy to make it yourself.

First the center is made. To do this, a small fragment of round timber is sawed off. The workpiece is fixed in a vice and the cutting line is marked. By using cutting disc and an angle grinder (angle grinder) saws off the workpiece.

It has a diameter of 38 mm. The side surface is not further processed.

The center length is 28 mm. A little more is possible, but this is enough to bend a strip 30 mm wide.

A hole Ø 8 mm is drilled on a drilling machine. It is placed eccentrically. This situation is due to the fact that it is necessary to make a clamp for the end of the workpiece.

A profile is drawn, which should be removed using cutting and cleaning discs installed on the grinder. The workpiece is secured in a vice and excess metal is removed.

The flap discs protect the surface so that there is a smooth transition between different surfaces of the clamp.

To make it easier to fix the end of the workpiece in the future, you need to drill a hole. It is placed on the radial surface of the center. A hole is drilled for an M10 thread.

Using a set of taps, the internal thread is cut. A headless screw will be used here. After fixing the workpiece, it will hide inside the metal of the center.

The center is welded to the 4 mm thick base plate. This completes the work of its production.

Making a fixture

To make it easier to work with the device, a shaft is welded to the back side of the plate. By rotating it in a special mandrel, the snail will rotate.

The outer surface must be ground so that the welds do not interfere with the free fit of future workpieces.

The future spiral is drawn on the plate. A contour is created where it will be welded later.

A spiral is bent from a strip 4 mm thick. It must correspond to the project.

After checking the spiral against the template, the excess is cut off, and the spiral itself is welded to the plate and to the center.

A 40×40 mm profile pipe with a 3 mm wall is used as a stand. Holes are drilled on it for attaching machine elements. By using support platforms fix the prepared parts.

The handle is visible on the reverse side. It was secured to the shaft using a bearing. The prepared “Snail” can rotate.

A performance check is being carried out. Using the handle, the spiral is rotated around the center axis.

Making a simple part on a machine

Cutting a workpiece from strip steel in right size. This size is usually clarified by drawing the finished product and its component elements.

The free end is placed in the center of the spiral. The workpiece is secured using an internal screw.

The “Snail” rotation is performed. The workpiece is pressed tightly against the guides. This requires some effort to obtain the desired product profile.

Usually the other end does not stay straight. It is also bent. Therefore, a distinction is made between internal and external reverse curls. Marks are made on the device itself using a marker or chalk. They are used as a guide when making curls with the required parameters.

As can be seen from step by step guide Using a simple set of tools, a homemade curl making machine is easy to make. How much does it cost? Its price is determined by the cost of the blanks. Often the price is minimal.

How to bend a profile pipe on the “Snail” machine?

If you try to bend profile pipe without special preparation, the weld will come apart. It will be a marriage.

Blacksmiths with extensive experience make more complex machines to make their products. They additionally equip the “Snail” with removable elements.

Step-by-step technological process for making a reverse curl on the “Snail” machine

The rolling rollers perform sequential crimping of the pipe. Protruding ribs are formed, and the weld remains inside the layer, offset to the center.

The pipe ends are compressed on parallel eccentric rollers. It becomes like a stripe. In this form it is easier to fix it on the machine.

IN special device a shank is formed. Now the workpieces will be fixed on the machine in one movement.

The workpiece is fixed in the center. There is a groove that secures the shank. It can be seen that the spiral has a uniform descent in height.

After fixing the shank, the electric motor is turned on. Forming of the part begins.

The loop is formed when the workpiece touches a special support element. It is more often called the support shaft. To reduce the force, it is equipped with a bearing. The part rotates freely around the support.

Part of the spiral is formed. But if it is necessary to process for a longer length, a removable element will be installed.

A blank is also formed from the other end. Here the master determines in which direction to bend the part.

To continue work, a removable element of the “Snail” assembly is installed.

Now you can form the bend of large parts.

Even long workpieces are easily bent to specified dimensions. Marks are made on the work items. They are used to guide how much to bend.

On the reverse side, additional bending of the part is performed.

The product is being finalized on both sides.

Finished part has a finished look. If necessary, the shanks will be sawed off. Then no one will guess how the workpieces were fixed.

If you need to make a small part, then use another “Snail”. U experienced craftsmen there are several of them.

Examples of products with curls

Original canopy over the entrance to the building:

When decorating a French balcony, original curls give an openwork look to the entire product.

On a flight of stairs, the curls look very original.

Using only curls, they make supports for the bench, and also create a grate for the fireplace in the same style.

On spiral staircase the hand of an excellent craftsman is visible. Not everyone will be able to make such a product.

The gate leaf contains elements made on the “Snail” machine. The heavy product has acquired a special lightness.

Light staircase in high-tech style. She can decorate not only Vacation home. Modern palaces with minimalist design can have an excellent appearance.

The scope for creativity is unlimited. Many blacksmiths are true artists. They decorate the world around them.

Video: “Snail” – do-it-yourself cold forging.

Conclusion

The cold forging method, which uses “Snail” machines, allows you to produce original curls.
You can make a simple machine with your own hands. It can be used to produce professional blanks.
A complex machine with removable elements will allow the production of large spatial parts.
The use of curls in the manufacture of blacksmith's products opens up ample opportunities for creativity.

Looking at houses, most often suburban ones, people can often see beautiful gates, interesting fences and other metal patterns. If we remember that a forge is required to create metal products, the question arises: how did the master create this interesting decoration? Do-it-yourself cold forging is a great way to create such things.

The final price for artistic forging products is low, because both production costs and equipment costs are low. At the same time, the quantity and quality of products are maintained at a high level. Therefore, a blacksmith who decides to start earning money on his own will quickly recoup his initial investment. Particularly enthusiastic home owners themselves can set up an analogue of a forge in their garage. Cold forging metal at home is extremely simple, and some small forged parts can be made even at home.

In production you cannot do without machines. To deploy a fully equipped cold forge, you will need about seven machines of various types. Moreover, five of them allow artisanal production Houses. But, as in any serious matter, before you start creating, you need to familiarize yourself with basic rules. There are also some techniques that allow you to produce the necessary parts without machines. These can be considered first.

Forging, bending and stamping

How does cold forging of metal differ from, for example, stamping? In stamping, the material does not spread at all or does so very weakly. As an example, you should examine the beer can - it was knocked out with a single blow from the head of the stamp press.

If this is a complex product such as a teapot, then the punch will be of a sliding shape.

Naturally, at home it is very difficult to operate these presses and it is difficult to make forged parts with them.

If you compare cold forging with hot forging, the differences are immediately visible. In the cold version, the source material does not need to be heated. In essence, forging of this type is the hardening of a workpiece with many blows using the necessary force. At the same time, the structure of the material changes: the outer part becomes harder, and the inner part contributes to increased durability and viscosity of the part.

Riveting is done using a mechanical hammer. You can make it yourself, in some ways it’s even easier than making some machines for artistic forging.

Cold art technique is the bending or bending of a metal blank. The structure of the part itself does not change significantly, and the redesigned physical and mechanical parameters do not have a serious impact.

Necessary tools for artistic forging

The basis of cold forging is made up of some types of machines using manual drive.

They come in the following types:

Twisters - used for twisting parts. The curls formed have a narrowed core part.
Torsion machines are called torsion bars. Twist the workpiece into a volumetric spiral, for example, onions or baskets.
Inertia-stamping - the ends of the metal rods in them are splashed along the selected style; clamps can be made that connect parts of the pattern. On long parts, this machine is capable of extruding small disturbances and relief.
Machines for bending material. They exist in several variations: push-type – produce zigzags and waves; lingering - squeeze out curls and rings with a thick and wide core (core); combined - can do all of the above.

Gnutik

A machine for bending parts is simply called a bendik among technicians. But in metalworking at the amateur or private level, benders are all machines and devices that produce zigzags or waves. Depending on the roller or wedge located, the zigzag angle, height and pitch of the wave can be changed.

People can make a machine for bending metal at home, but it requires special parts that need very precise processing. Therefore, it is better to buy a bender, because its functionality is not limited to just waves and zigzags - it often helps in the production of some parts for welded metal structures.

Metal patterns

Curling machines - twisters

Requires special machines for each type of bend. To curl products using cold forging, a pattern was previously used - a lever-horn grip.

It has its advantages: the speed is much higher than other methods and the production itself is not difficult. And its disadvantages: this method requires the presence of great physical strength and is no different high speed labor.

Hand forging with such a machine requires a steel strip. The thrust part of this type of lever holds the workpiece in the required position, and specialists can make the bypass horn sliding and with additional fixation - the manufacturing time will increase along with the accuracy of the curling.

The second type of device for cold forging with a bend is also not very complicated. This is a particularly strong board with support bolts from M8 to M24. To a much lesser extent depends on physical strength, but it is still required.

The workpiece bends long time and according to independently created drawings or without them.

This allows you to create whatever your heart desires, for example, epic heroes for fans of Slavic fairy tales or Buddha, if a person is interested in oriental arts.

Snail

A snail for cold forging is further development twisters.
They have become the most common type due to their simple design and extensive capabilities. Very easy to make yourself. Are different high level comfort at work. Essentially, these are the same machines for cold forging, but somewhat more mechanized and improved. These changes made it possible for even beginners in blacksmithing to work with these machines.

Forging metal with your own hands using a ploughshare:

first the snail itself rotates;
then the part is mounted on the machine using a clamp;
the roller is pressed against the workpiece by a spring;
The cochlea rotates clockwise and is controlled by levers;
as soon as the twisting is completed, it is necessary to remove the clamp, lift the snail and pick up the final product.

The following features of the snail with a ploughshare should be highlighted:

does not require a specially equipped room - the vertical work load is insignificant, and the horizontal work load partially affects the support;
because of this, complex supports are not required - a simple support made of steel profiles welded together is sufficient;
allows single work - you can turn the gate with one hand, and with the other you need to press the workpiece to the pattern. As production progresses, the parts are automatically put into place;
allows for cold twisting of spirals up to five turns.

Drawings of cold forging machines can be easily found on the Internet, along with the necessary specifications and documentation. The ploughshare itself requires quality material, because it experiences high loads. In addition to the necessary metal, the plowshare has problems with the joints, which must have the following characteristics:

machine parts must be accurate to maintain the specified shape;
working parts must come to a dead center, creating a stable shape, immediately after external pressure;
As soon as the load is completed, the parts should wedge themselves.
material and design are required to create long-term repetition of the production process.

Compliance with all technical standards is a very labor-intensive process even in industrial scale. Another place that needs special attention is the workpiece clamp.

Beginners may actually not be able to cope with the production of such a forging machine due to lack of experience, so it is better to use lever volutes.

With the help of such a snail for cold forging with your own hands, the structure is similar to. A homemade machine is seriously behind the snail with a ploughshare in terms of operating speed. Due to the fact that the load is shifted to the support, it requires special durable materials, which, in turn, are securely fixed to the surface. Therefore, the machine requires an equipped workshop or area for production.

The work does not differ in speed: if the lever is jammed, it is necessary to move the pressure roller. Allows curling up to four turns.

Has sensitive advantages for artisanal blacksmiths:

Only the roller requires special materials. The remaining elements allow the use of ordinary steel;
It is recommended to use a roller bearing for the pressure roller;
more than a thousand operating cycles provide almost one hundred percent efficiency in the use of parts;
allows bending along spacers and patterns.

Tricks of the Masters

The use of spacers allows you to instantly change the shape of the final structure or make bends in reverse side, which the ploughshare does not allow for structural reasons.

Does not require increased precision in the manufacture of parts.

Fastening the workpiece is as easy as shelling pears – place it in a special recess.

Allows the use of a technique that is used in industry - a slight bend in the opposite direction in the core of the curl.

It is possible to use different techniques and bends in forging

Such cold forged products look better and are more expensive.

Additionally, it has a good and convenient advantage - the ability to produce flat bends with a thin core from a workpiece lying flat.

The lever machine allows the installation of a clamping roller at a height of strip thickness and a flange wider than a railway wheel. This method requires painstakingness: the lever must be moved little by little, otherwise the inner edge will be damaged. Unfortunately, this is the only method for making such curls in DIY production.

A machine with a lever is often created without the use of rare or expensive materials and without having accurate diagrams.

Craftsmen recommend twisting rods for artistic forging without using machines at all. To prevent the part from bending at the end clamped in a vice, under the far end, you should use a stand with a small cutout on top where the rod should be secured.

Rotary machines can speed up work and improve the quality of manufactured elements. Since the load greatly affects the support, the stand must be of increased strength, for example, welded together from one hundred millimeters.

The source material is held in place by a square frame. Due to the reduction in the length of the rod, you should carefully check the reliability of the frame. For this purpose the tailstock is made sliding view. Cold forging of machines implies high quality, otherwise the product will be fragile.

Any tool for cold forging requires careful care, timely repair and adjustment. And hand-made artistic forging requires skill and discipline from the master. All circuits, forging machines and even homemade machines require order and cleanliness.

For the manufacture of forged products, two methods are used - cold and hot processing. The first method is characterized by low labor intensity, but requires the presence of a special tool. In most cases, you can make a cold forging machine with your own hands, guided by standard drawings.

Principles of cold forging of metals

To produce metal forged products, it is necessary to ensure a process of controlled deformation. In this case, one should take into account the structure of the material, its technical and operational properties.

The principle of cold forging is based on the influence of external factors on the crystal lattice of the material. It consists of grains of irregular shape. As a result of the distortion of the structure, which is performed by a cold forging machine, compaction and a change in the configuration of the workpiece occurs. Since one of the conditions is to preserve the properties of the part, it is necessary to select drawings for the production of machines.

Features of cold forging of metal, requirements for devices for this:

It is possible to process only low-carbon steels that have high degree plasticity;
rods of various sections are used as blanks;
preliminary calculation of the dimensions of the final products. During their production, constant monitoring of geometric parameters is necessary;
using various machines to create the desired configuration.

Currently for artistic treatment For cold forging metals, a number of special tools are used. Some of them you can do yourself. But for this it is necessary to first study the drawings and specifics of production.

Forged products can perform several functions simultaneously - aesthetic and operational. This applies to barrier structures of various configurations, for example, a wave.

Snail for cold forging

The most common and in demand are homemade cold forging machines of the snail type. With their help, spiral-shaped blanks are formed. The design of the equipment allows you to make it yourself.

The drawing of the “snail” machine can be adapted for the production of a specific type of artistic forging product. To do this you need to know the following parameters:

minimum and maximum radius of curvature of the workpiece;
geometric parameters and shape of the source material;
planned performance.

For mass production, it is necessary to make a forging machine with an electric drive. If you plan to work at home, manual models are suitable.

As a basis for designing the snail, it is necessary to use a steel sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm. This will allow you to bend rods of large cross-section.

To form different angles, you need a manual bender - one of the most required devices for cold forging of metal. It consists of a steel plate on which there are two support shafts and a moving stop.

The workpiece is placed between the support shafts and the wedge. The latter has a displacement mechanism towards the stops. As a result of this action, bad things happen. steel bar processing. In this way, forged products can be made various shapes.

Features of the use of bending necessary for the correct preparation of its drawing:

preliminary calculation of the deformation angle;
an additional bending part can be provided in the design. To do this, install another rotating shaft;
mounting unit for fastening to the table.

To produce bending, it is necessary to use tool steel. This is due to heavy loads during operation. Additionally, you can assemble elements of the “wave” type on it, but for this you need to modernize the original drawing.

Minimum and maximum bending radius for thin. forgings must be calculated based on geometric parameters blanks.

Twister for cold forging

It is difficult to imagine modern artistic forging without screw-shaped elements. For the production of such thin. The parts are designed for a twister - a homemade machine for cold forging.

The peculiarity of this tool is the unwinding of the twig along its axis. Structurally, the drawing of the machine consists of two parts - fixing and movable. The part is attached between them and its information is carried out using a rotary knob.

Performance qualities of the device:

calculation of the pressure lever to minimize efforts to produce blanks;
possibility of changing the distance between the fixing elements of the tool. This will make it possible to produce parts of various lengths;
It should be taken into account that the formation of the spiral occurs from the fixation side.

Thanks to the twister, you can make forged elements for window grilles, steel barriers, etc.

This is the main list of cold forging machines. But besides them, various equipment is used, designed to create truly thin. products.

The video shows examples of machines for cold forging of metals at home:

The functionality of this product will depend only on your efforts spent both in the initial and final stages of work. Therefore, so that in the future the unit does not have too narrow a range of applications, it is necessary to very carefully consider all possible options for improving it and transfer them to circuit diagrams. Let's try to get acquainted with the rough sketches and work on assembling this product. At the end of the article you can download detailed drawings of the “Snail” cold forging machine as an archive.

Tips for developing do-it-yourself cold forging machine drawings with a list of materials

When developing drawings of a cold forging machine with your own hands, try to include as much as possible in it. more options attachments that will help increase the number of ways to bend parts. This problem can be solved in several ways:

1. We take a large sheet of metal as a support sheet and place several different “snails” and other attachments on it, at a great distance from each other. Minus this decision lies in the limited free space. Long parts will be very difficult to rotate; you will need to constantly ensure that they do not move out of the nozzles.

2. We are developing options for improved attachments. For example, you can make a gathering “snail”. When completely disassembled, it will have only one curl; when assembled, it will have 3-4 curls or more (if necessary). Each segment will be attached to the previous one and to the very base of the support sheet using metal pins.

drawing of a cold forging machine described in the article

the machine described in the article

3. And the most effective option– development of a product with the ability to change attachments. This is how a rectangular slot is made in the canvas into which nozzles attached to a rectangular sheet of metal will be inserted. Fixation will be carried out to the product rack itself using bolts.

Read our article “Metal laser cutting machine – a reliable and indispensable assistant in everyday life.”

We will consider the simplest model in terms of manufacturing, which can be improved if desired. It will only be necessary to make minor changes to the preliminary diagrams. To make it we need the following:

Welding machine;
Drill with carbide drills;
Reciprocating saw or regular hacksaw;
Square metal pipe;
Metal sheet;
Round metal pipe;
Metal rods;
Bearings (large and medium size);
Bolts with nuts size M8;
Metal rod.

"Snail"

cold forging machine “Snail”

The process of assembling a homemade cold forging machine with a non-replaceable attachment with your own hands

The process of assembling a homemade cold forging machine with your own hands will look like this:

1. First, the support post is assembled. It consists of four identical sections of square pipe. At the bottom they are connected to each other by four sections of shorter length, and the same number at the top. In appearance, this design resembles the base of a stool. Cutting is done with a saw, joining is done with a welding machine.

2. Next, cut out two circles of equal diameters from the sheet, as well as four right triangle. Triangular parts are welded to the bottom of a round pipe section, so that there is a free edge at the top. It turns out to be something like a pyramid. Using a wide base, we apply the part to the center of the circle and weld it.

3. The circle with the welded part is attached to the four upper horizontal strips using bolts. We drill holes with a drill.

4. Next we make the handle of the product. To do this, you need a long piece of rod and a piece of metal sheet. The first cut is slightly larger than the diameter of the circle, the second is equal to it. The end of the first must be bent at an angle of 30°, the bent edge is connected to the edge of the second cut by welding a jumper from a piece of rod. Another piece of rod is welded a little lower. We weld a long handle to the side of the jumper so that one of its edges extends towards the structure made from cuts.

5. Guide bearings are put on and fixed onto the short end of the handle and onto the section welded at the bottom. On the section located on top, we mount a thick metal coil in a horizontal position, which will act as a bending element. At the free end of the lower cut we make a hole with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pipe.

6. We put it on drilled hole assembled handle onto a peak (with already applied thread) “pyramid”. We tighten a wide nut with a small circle welded on top; the upper circle will be placed on it. We weld the finished “snail” to the center of the uppermost circle.

All exact dimensions products are calculated independently. We make calculations based on your needs. We designate the product parameters at the stage of developing draft diagrams. You can download the drawings of the cold forging machine “Snail” here.

papamaster.su

Cold forging machines

According to the common (but, alas, technically illiterate) expression “cold forging” (from the English cool forging), equipment designed to perform such processes of plastic deformation includes devices that perform operations such as volumetric bending, twisting, flattening, etc. P. This is especially often necessary when working on the production of elements of artistic metal forging - spirals, volutes, snails, monograms, etc., which do not require subsequent connection with each other.

Twisting machine

We draw up technical specifications for a cold forging machine

The initial data for design (if none of the options for ready-made drawings of this equipment and devices suits you) are:

The maximum cross-sectional area of the original workpieces (for example, it is very difficult to process a steel bar with cross-sectional dimensions of more than 12 - 16 mm by hand).
Technical capabilities - in order to make the main parts of the required equipment yourself.
A list of volumetric stamping operations - bending, upsetting, upsetting - that must be performed for subsequent artistic metal processing.
The degree of complexity of the tools and accessories that will make the required cold forging machine universal.
Drive requirement ( manual machine cold forging is much easier to do than with an electric drive).

In order to carry out most of the operations for the manufacture of the necessary equipment yourself, the drawings should include the largest possible percentage of blanks and assemblies that will require normalized rolled metal - a channel, an angle, a thick strip, etc.

Types of homemade equipment and tools for plastic processing of metal

Making a completely unified cold forging machine with your own hands is quite difficult. But it is possible to provide in the drawings for the presence of interchangeable units, the fastening of which will be carried out on a common frame base. The most popular tools include:

Twister is a device that performs spiral twisting of a part of a steel rod in the direction of its longitudinal axis;
Gnutik is a device that bends blanks from profiled metal products to the required angle (including making spatial bending elements on metal);
Snail is a unit that performs spiral twisting of a part of the workpiece with an ever-decreasing radius;
A template is a tool with which a circle of the required diameter is made from a rod on a cold forging machine;
A core is a tool for applying volumetric embossing on metal, as well as stamped impressions on flat surfaces.

A set of such equipment actually provides the ability to perform the vast majority of work on volumetric deformation of steels and non-ferrous alloys using cold forging machines.

The capabilities of a manually driven machine will allow volumetric deformation of predominantly highly plastic metals and alloys - low-carbon steel, some brands of brass, copper, aluminum. From such elements you can make parts for forged railings, fences, stands, gazebos.

Cold forging machine design stages and preparatory procedures

To make a cold forging machine, you will need the following drawings:

Drawing of the frame base of the bed for installation of the unit;
Assembly drawings of each of the necessary devices;
Drawings of replacement machine parts.

The following are required as a working tool and starting materials for manufacturing:

Plate steel (or strip) made of medium carbon steel, grade not lower than steel 35;
Thick-walled pipe with square cross-section;
Portable cutting machine or Sander;
Tools for working with fasteners (wrench, pliers);
Domestic welding machine;
Fraser;
Manual bending unit;
Measuring and marking tool(square, caliper, bore gauge).

Before starting the manufacture of individual elements of a cold forging machine, it is useful to carry out all the proposed actions on the drawing, drawing all the main movements of the individual components and parts that make up the cold forging machine. It is especially useful to do this before making a replacement working tool (for a snail, a core, a bend). It is also worth considering the possibility of using standard components: for example, a bench vice, or a support from a small decommissioned lathe.

To provide High Quality finished products The roughness parameters of the tool must be one grade higher than those of the products that will be manufactured on it. Therefore, after welding operations, cuttings, etc., the working finishing surfaces must be carefully ground. When all the necessary components of a cold forging machine have been manufactured, it is useful to heat-treat the working replacement tools. Hardening to a hardness of 40…45 HRC will significantly increase the durability of the devices used. It is worth recalling that after hardening the products warp somewhat and therefore require subsequent editing. However, it is better to order quenching and tempering transitions from specialized companies that have necessary equipment.

How to manufacture and assemble individual machine components and tools for it

An example is given step-by-step instruction to obtain the “Twister” device, which is intended for uniaxial longitudinal twisting of a steel workpiece from a bar of square cross-section. Similarly, and in the same sequence, operations will be performed on other parts of the cold forging machine - volute, core, template, bend, etc.

Support blank under this device It is worth taking an I-beam or channel with thick shelves. A wide thick sheet strip is welded to it, to which a bench vice can be attached. The stationary part of the twisted rod will be clamped in them. The vice should be secured especially securely - using at least four bolts with a diameter of M16 or more. To increase the clamping area of the rod, corrugated plates made of thick sheet steel are welded to the jaws of the vice. At the opposite end of the I-beam, guide rollers are installed, to which a clamping unit for the moving part of the workpiece will subsequently be attached. It can be made from a steel bushing, along the generatrix of which it is necessary to provide three holes located at an angle of 120° for clamping bolts with a diameter 2...3 mm smaller than the side of the square of the element being twisted. The bolts must be hardened, made of high quality steel, and also have a flat end. Both clamping devices must be positioned coaxially, which is checked using a level, a bench square, or a caliper.

Next, a handle is made to rotate the movable part of the clamp. The lever under it must be provided as long as possible - this way the value of the applied force will be reduced. At the same time, the length of the lever should be comfortable for the user. It is better to select the handle itself from the standard ones, and preferably with a rubber bushing - to eliminate the possible slipping of the hand of the operator of the cold forging machine when performing the corresponding plastic deformation transition on it.

After assembling a cold forging machine, it is checked for the reliability of movement of moving elements, as well as for the accuracy of operations for plastic deformation of metal. After this, you can make the final fastening of the device to the support frame.

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stankiexpert.ru

How to make a cold forging machine. Cold forging machines: purpose, types, manufacturing

Metal structures are very popular when arranging private houses and apartments. Curved products bring extraordinary color to the interior and landscape design and allow you to create a very attractive artistic picture. Many owners of their own cottages strive to make them unique, and stamped parts are not suitable for this purpose. Universal and special tools from manufacturers are quite expensive. Therefore, a pertinent question arises: how to make a cold forging machine with your own hands from scrap materials.

Why do you need a cold forging tool?

The cold forging process is easier and safer than hot forging. First of all, due to the fact that there is no need to heat the metal and strict adherence to temperature conditions throughout the entire operation.

A homemade cold forging machine can be universal or designed for the production of parts of a specific format. Regardless of which option suits you best, a homemade tool will solve several problems:

What can be done on a cold forging machine?

For artistic cold forging, soft metals are most often used - these are:

The range of possible forged metal products has no restrictions - it all depends on your personal imagination and capabilities. Openwork details are most often used for:

organization of stairs;
assembling fencing and fencing;
installation of barbecues;
fireplace decoration;
creating individual decorative elements - flower stands, wall decorations, etc.

What types of cold forging machines are there?

There are many types of cold forging machines:

How to make a cold forging machine with your own hands?

Today there are many constructive solutions for making a homemade cold forging machine. Home craftsmen use the most unexpected tools and equipment for remodeling the right tool. In this article below you will find drawings of the most popular hand forging tool options and detailed assembly instructions.

Drawings of cold forging machines

How to make a whole snail machine at home?

Very often, when assembling any openwork metal structures, spiral elements are used. This machine is suitable for the production of such parts of the same size.

Tools

To complete the work, prepare:

sheet steel;
steel strips;
rods;
profile pipe;
grinder;
welding machine;
emery;
roulette;
marker;
pliers;
paper and pencil.

Assembly instructions for a one-piece machine

To get a reliable tool with suitable parameters as a result of your work, proceed as follows:

Video

As a result of the work performed, you will get a cold forging machine like the one in the video below. There you can clearly view the sequence of your actions during assembly.

How to make a snail typesetting machine?

The basic design of the inlaid volute differs little from the previous machine. You will also need to cut out a base plate from a steel sheet, onto which the typesetting parts will later be attached. Then do the following:

Video

When finished, your snail will look like this.

How to make a torsion bar machine?

For such a cold forging tool, prepare:

sheet steel;
vice;
grinder;
fasteners - nuts and bolts;
reduction gear;
electric motor;
chain;
welding machine;
I-beam

To quickly assemble the machine, follow the following sequence of actions:

Video

This video clearly shows the design of the torsion bar assembled form and the principle of operation on such a machine. Please read it carefully to make your work easier.

Conclusion

As you have already seen, if you have basic skills in working with tools and a clear development of a preliminary drawing of the machine, it is not difficult to assemble it. Set the goal correctly, choose the appropriate type of structure and mount the tool, acting sequentially. In this case, you are guaranteed a high-quality result - you can easily make all the delicate metal parts to decorate your home.

How to make a cold forging machine

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recn.ru

Homemade machines and devices for cold forging

Principles of cold forging of metals

Homemade cold forging machine

To produce metal forged products, it is necessary to ensure a process of controlled deformation. In this case, the structure of the material, its technical and operational properties should be taken into account.

Features of cold forging of metal, requirements for devices for this:

it is possible to process only low-carbon steels that have a high degree of ductility;
rods of various sections are used as blanks;
preliminary calculation of the dimensions of the final products. During their production, constant monitoring of geometric parameters is necessary;
using various machines to create the desired configuration.

Currently, a number of special tools are used for the artistic processing of metals using cold forging. Some of them you can do yourself. But for this it is necessary to first study the drawings and specifics of production.

Forged products can perform several functions simultaneously - aesthetic and operational. This applies to barrier structures of various configurations, for example, a wave.

Snail for cold forging

Drawing of a snail for cold forging

The most common and in demand are homemade cold forging machines of the snail type. With their help, spiral-shaped blanks are formed. The design of the equipment allows you to make it yourself.

The drawing of the “snail” machine can be adapted for the production of a specific type of artistic forging product. To do this you need to know the following parameters:

minimum and maximum radius of curvature of the workpiece;
geometric parameters and shape of the source material;
planned performance.

For mass production, it is necessary to make a forging machine with an electric drive. If you plan to work at home, manual models are suitable.

As a basis for designing the snail, it is necessary to use a steel sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm. This will allow you to bend rods of large cross-section.

Bend for cold forging

Bend for cold forging

To form different angles, you need a manual bender - one of the most required devices for cold forging of metal. It consists of a steel plate on which there are two support shafts and a moving stop.

Features of the use of bending necessary for the correct preparation of its drawing:

preliminary calculation of the deformation angle;
an additional bending part can be provided in the design. To do this, install another rotating shaft;
mounting unit for fastening to the table.

Minimum and maximum bending radius for thin. forging must be calculated based on the geometric parameters of the workpiece.

Twister for cold forging

Twister circuit for artistic forging

It is difficult to imagine modern artistic forging without screw-shaped elements. For the production of such thin. The parts are designed for a twister - a homemade machine for cold forging.

Performance qualities of the device:

calculation of the pressure lever to minimize efforts to produce blanks;
possibility of changing the distance between the fixing elements of the tool. This will make it possible to produce parts of various lengths;
It should be taken into account that the formation of the spiral occurs from the fixation side.

Thanks to the twister, you can make forged elements for window grilles, steel barriers, etc.

This is the main list of cold forging machines. But besides them, various equipment is used, designed to create truly thin. products.

The video shows examples of machines for cold forging of metals at home:

You can make beautiful shaped metal parts with your own hands.

A homemade snail is not that difficult to assemble, so even someone who has little experience in such work can make it.

In the article we will analyze the advantages of cold forging, and also tell you how to make a tool for working with it yourself - drawings, a template, a video and a photo will help you in your work, and as a result you will receive a useful and easy-to-use tool for working with metal.

Pros and features of the process

Cold forging is a popular type of work due to the fact that it can be used to create unusual parts of various shapes and sizes.

Using a cold forging machine, you can make a fence for a flower bed, a decorative lantern, an unusual fence, railings or handles for a bench and other elements. You can see what the parts created through this process look like in the photo.

Another advantage of cold forging is that it is quite easy to make a machine with which you can create such parts with your own hands. This will help you save on the purchase of expensive equipment.

The cold forging process consists of three main elements: bending, pressing and welding of parts. The equipment needed for this process is quite simple and compact, you can do it yourself and it will not take up much space in your workshop or garage.

You can start learning metal processing with cold forging, because... this process is simpler and safer because you don't have to deal with high temperatures as with other types of welding.

For this process, a ready-made template is usually used - that is, blank parts.

Of course, cold forging has its own subtleties, they mainly consist in the fact that the part is easily damaged or deformed during the process: forged elements often break, and the defect cannot be corrected, so forging must be done very carefully.

However, using a high-quality machine and a drawing of the future part, you can easily learn how to create products with twisted, wavy and other unusual shapes. You can see the options in the photo above.

The process of processing blanks through cold forging occurs in several stages. The first step is to create a template or drawing of the future design.

Different machines provide different possibilities for creating patterns - this depends on the complexity of making the tool.

For example, the simplest do-it-yourself machines can only bend products, while with the help of more complex models you can create patterns, etc.

After the template or drawing is ready, you need to buy the required amount of material in accordance with your calculations. For cold forging you will need iron rods, you can buy them in the store.

Rods for cold forging should not be too thick, otherwise they will be difficult to bend. The next stage is making the parts yourself.

The most important thing here is to set the settings correctly so that during operation of the machine the parts are not damaged or deformed, because it will be impossible to fix the problem.

Lastly, the completed parts are secured to the frame. This happens by welding.

You need to be especially careful when welding with your own hands with thin-walled tubes, because... It’s easy to burn them, and then the design will become faulty and you’ll have to do it all over again.

You can watch the entire forging process in the video before you start working on your parts.

But before you start cold forging, you, of course, need to make the machine that is necessary for this. The “Snail” machine is the most common device for processing metal products using the cold forging method with your own hands.

You can see all the stages of creating the machine in the video - there is nothing complicated about it, and almost everyone will be able to cope with this task themselves.

Creation of a machine

The manufacturing process of the machine has several stages, after completing which one after another, you will receive a ready-made tool with which you can create figured products for your dacha or home.

Before you start cold forging, you need to make a template and drawing. It is performed on graph paper, which can reflect the exact dimensions of the future product. On it you need to depict a spiral with increasing turns.

The turns should increase in accordance with the pitch if you want to make symmetrical products, but if this is not important, then the spiral turns may increase unevenly.

Before assembling the machine, you need to decide on the diameter of the workpieces that you will process on it. The step must be selected based on this value: it must be larger than the diameter of the rod that you will be processing.

If the step is not large enough, then you simply will not be able to remove the parts from the machine without damaging it. Thus, all the work will be done in vain.

A homemade working surface of the snail can be made of sheet metal with a thickness of 4 mm. The size of the surface depends on the size of the part you will be processing - you need to first draw up a drawing so that all dimensions are clear.

To make the mold, use strip metal that is at least 3mm thick. This way, the homemade snail will be easy to work with. To make the process easier, you need to fix one of the edges of the workpiece so that it does not slip out.

Sketch of a machine for a snail: Figure 1: 1- driving share of the snail, 2 - main axis, 3 - levers for applying force, 4 - clamp for the workpiece; Figure 2: 1 - volute share, 2 - machine platform, 3 - pressure roller, 4 - lever for controlling the pressure roller, 5 - fastening of the platform, 6 - finger for fixing the volute shares, 7 - groove along which the pressure roller runs, 8 - axis of the pressure roller control lever, 9 - spring for attracting the roller; Figure 3 - operating principle of the device: 1 - the snail rotates; Figure 4 - examples of products made using a snail.

For the retainer, you can use a cut rod part that is the same size as the strip. During cold forging, you also need to attach the part to the workbench.

Since during cold forging the impact on the part is quite strong, you need to think about fixing separately, because You won’t be able to hold the workpiece with your own hands - it can slip and ruin the whole job.

The remaining parts of the snail are quite easy to assemble - the main thing is to use the drawing and watch the video before starting the process yourself.

The machine you make can be either monolithic or collapsible - decide in advance which design will be more convenient for you, and make a drawing to carry out all the work in accordance with it.

If you want your homemade snail to be monolithic, then weld the machine onto the work platform so that the elements are stationary.

The most important thing with this type of construction is to correctly and securely fasten the end of the part that you will be processing.

If the machine for cold forging is planned to be dismountable, then landing holes must be made on the working platform, with the help of which it will be possible to connect the “body” of the machine with the platform.

The removable design is good because it is more convenient to move it, if necessary, or remove the machine to replace or repair damaged parts - with a monolithic type of structure this will not be possible.

However, with a removable machine, the quality of fixing parts will be worse - you will have to constantly adjust the threaded connections yourself, because with use they will inevitably become weaker.

There are other options for machines for cold forging, but the “Snail” machine is the most functional, and besides, it’s easy to make it yourself. How to make it, as well as other product options, watch the video.

If you decide to use a snail as a hobby tool, you should take into account that, although the device itself will not cost you much (it does not require any specific parts or tools), cold forging does involve some expenses.

Firstly, you will have to spend money on the materials themselves that you will process. And the larger the product is planned, the more money you will have to spend.

To estimate expenses, always make a preliminary drawing of the product, which reflects its actual dimensions. For example, to make a small flower stand, you will need to spend at least 2,000 rubles on rods.

How much material will be required over complex products- you can calculate it yourself.

The cost will also depend on the complexity of the pattern that you will create with the help of a snail - the more complex it is, the more expensive the product will cost you.

You won’t have to spend a lot of money on tools for the machine itself, however, if you have not previously made such tools, then it is better to buy ready-made equipment for it - in this case, the machine will last you longer and it will be easier to work on it.

For final processing after forging, you may also need some funds - at a minimum, you will have to buy a primer and paint to give the part a finished, attractive look.

Despite these expenses, snail forging is still an affordable and popular metalworking tool that can be done as a hobby or on a professional basis, but in this case, over time you may need a more powerful tool.

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