Earth from Hubble in high resolution. Amateur astrophotography
The science
Space full of unexpected surprises and incredibly beautiful landscapes that today astronomers can capture in photographs. Sometimes space or land spaceships do this unusual photos what scientists still They've been wondering for a long time what it is.
Space photos help make amazing discoveries, see the details of the planets and their satellites, draw conclusions regarding them physical properties, determine the distance to objects and much more.
1) Glowing gas of the Omega Nebula . This nebula, open Jean Philippe de Chaizeau in 1775, located in the area constellation Sagittarius Milky Way galaxy. The distance to us from this nebula is approximately 5-6 thousand light years, and in diameter it reaches 15 light years. Photo taken by special digital camera during the project Digitized Sky Survey 2.
New images of Mars
2) Strange lumps on Mars . This photo was taken by the panchromatic context camera of the automatic interplanetary station Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which explores Mars.
Visible in the photo strange formations, which formed on lava flows interacting with water on the surface. Lava, flowing down the slope, encircled the bases of the mounds, then swelled. Lava Swelling- a process in which the liquid layer, which appears under the hardening layer of liquid lava, lifts the surface slightly, forming such a relief.
These formations are located on the Martian plain Amazonis Planitia- a huge territory that is covered with frozen lava. The plain is also covered a thin layer of reddish dust, which slides down steep slopes, forming dark stripes.
Planet Mercury (photo)
3) Beautiful colors of Mercury . This colorful image of Mercury was created by combining a large number of images taken by NASA's interplanetary station "Messenger" for a year of work in Mercury orbit.
Of course it is not the real colors of the planet closest to the Sun, but the colorful image reveals the chemical, mineralogical and physical differences in Mercury's landscape.
4) Space lobster . This image was taken by the VISTA telescope European Southern Observatory. It depicts a cosmic landscape, including a huge glowing cloud of gas and dust, which surrounds young stars.
This infrared image shows the nebula NGC 6357 in the constellation Scorpion, which is presented in a new light. The photo was taken during the project Via Láctea. Scientists are currently scanning the Milky Way in an attempt to map the more detailed structure of our galaxy and explain how it was formed.
Mysterious mountain of the Carina Nebula
5) Mysterious mountain . The image shows a mountain of dust and gas rising from the Carina Nebula. Top part vertical column of cooled hydrogen, which has a height of about 3 light years, is carried away by radiation from nearby stars. Stars located in the area of the pillars release jets of gas that can be seen at the tops.
Traces of water on Mars
6) Traces of an ancient water flow on Mars . This photo high resolution that was done January 13, 2013 using a spacecraft European Space Agency Mars Express, offers to see the surface of the Red Planet in real colors. This is a shot of the area southeast of the plain Amenthes Planum and north of the plain Hesperia planum.
Visible in the photo craters, lava channels and valley, along which liquid water probably once flowed. The valley and crater floors are covered with wind-blown, dark deposits.
7) Dark space gecko . The picture was taken with a ground-based 2.2-meter telescope European Southern Observatory MPG/ESO in Chile. The photo shows a bright star cluster NGC 6520 and its neighbor - a strangely shaped dark cloud Barnard 86.
This cosmic couple is surrounded by millions of luminous stars in the brightest part of the Milky Way. The area is so filled with stars that you can hardly see the dark background of the sky behind them.
Star formation (photo)
8) Star Education Center . Several generations of stars are shown in an infrared image taken by NASA's space telescope. "Spitzer". In this smoky area known as W5, new stars are formed.
The oldest stars can be seen as blue bright dots. Younger stars highlight pinkish glow. In brighter areas, new stars form. Heated dust is shown in red, and green color indicates dense clouds.
Unusual nebula (photo)
9) Valentine's Day Nebula . This is an image of a planetary nebula, which may remind some of rosebud, was obtained using a telescope Kitt Peak National Observatory in USA.
Sh2-174- an unusual ancient nebula. It was formed during the explosion of a low-mass star at the end of its life. What remains of the star is its center - white dwarf.
Usually white dwarfs are located very close to the center, but in the case of this nebula, its the white dwarf is located on the right. This asymmetry is associated with the interaction of the nebula with the environment that surrounds it.
10) Heart of the Sun . In honor of the recent Valentine's Day, another unusual phenomenon appeared in the sky. More precisely it was done photo of an unusual solar flare, which is depicted in the photo in the shape of a heart.
Saturn's satellite (photo)
11) Mimas - Death Star . Photo of Saturn's moon Mimas taken by NASA spacecraft "Cassini" while it approaches the object at the closest distance. This satellite is something looks like the Death Star– a space station from a science fiction saga "Star Wars".
Herschel Crater has a diameter 130 kilometers and covers most of right side satellite in the photo. Scientists continue to explore this impact crater and its surrounding areas.
Photos were taken February 13, 2010 from a distance 9.5 thousand kilometers, and then, like a mosaic, assembled into one clearer and more detailed photo.
12) Galactic duo . These two galaxies, shown in the same photo, have absolutely different shapes. Galaxy NGC 2964 is a symmetrical spiral, and the galaxy NGC 2968(top right) is a galaxy that has a fairly close interaction with another small galaxy.
13) Mercury colored crater . Although Mercury does not boast a particularly colorful surface, some areas on it still stand out for their contrasting colors. The pictures were taken during the spacecraft mission "Messenger".
Halley's Comet (photo)
14) Halley's Comet in 1986 . This famous historical photograph of the comet as it made its final approach to Earth was taken 27 years ago. The photo clearly shows how the Milky Way is illuminated on the right by a flying comet.
15) Strange hill on Mars . This photo shows a strange spiky formation near South Pole Red planet. The surface of the hill appears to be layered and shows signs of erosion. Its height is estimated 20-30 meters. The appearance of dark spots and stripes on the hill is associated with the seasonal thawing of a layer of dry ice (carbon dioxide).
Orion Nebula (photo)
16) Orion's beautiful veil . This beautiful image includes cosmic clouds and stellar wind around the star LL Orionis, which interacts with the stream Orion Nebula. The star LL Orionis produces winds that are stronger than those of our own middle-aged star, the Sun.
Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici (photo)
17) Spiral galaxy Messier 106 in the constellation Canes Venatici . NASA Space Telescope "Hubble" with the participation of an amateur astronomer, took one of the best photographs of a spiral galaxy Messier 106.
Located at a distance of about 20 million light years away, which is not that far away by cosmic standards, this galaxy is one of the brightest galaxies, and also one of the closest to us.
18) Starburst galaxy . Galaxy Messier 82 or Galaxy Cigar located at a distance from us 12 million light years in the constellation Big Dipper. The formation of new stars occurs quite quickly in it, which puts it at a certain phase in the evolution of galaxies, according to scientists.
Because the Cigar Galaxy is experiencing intense star formation, it 5 times brighter than our Milky Way. This photo was taken Mount Lemmon Observatory(USA) and required a holding time of 28 hours.
19) Ghost Nebula . This photo was taken using a 4 meter telescope (Arizona, USA). The object, called vdB 141, is a reflection nebula located in the constellation Cepheus.
Several stars can be seen in the nebula region. Their light gives the nebula an unattractive yellowish-brown color. Photo taken August 28, 2009.
20) Powerful hurricane of Saturn . This colorful photo taken by NASA "Cassini", depicts Saturn's strong northern storm, which at that moment reached its greatest power. The contrast of the image has been increased to show troubled areas (in white) that stand out from other details. The photo was taken March 6, 2011.
Photo of the Earth from the Moon
21) Earth from the Moon . Being on the surface of the Moon, our planet will look exactly like this. From this angle, the Earth too phases will be noticeable: Part of the planet will be in shadow, and part will be illuminated by sunlight.
Andromeda Galaxy
22) New images of Andromeda . In a new image of the Andromeda Galaxy, obtained using Herschel Space Observatory, the bright streaks where new stars are forming are visible in especially detail.
The Andromeda Galaxy or M31 is the closest large galaxy to our Milky Way. It is located at a distance of about 2.5 million years, and is therefore an excellent object for studying the formation of new stars and the evolution of galaxies.
23) Star cradle of the constellation Unicorn . This image was taken using a 4-meter telescope Inter-American Observatory of Cerro Tololo in Chile January 11, 2012. The image shows part of the Unicorn R2 molecular cloud. This is a site of intense new star formation, especially in the red nebula region just below the center of the image.
Satellite of Uranus (photo)
24) Ariel's scarred face . This image of Uranus's moon Ariel is made up of 4 different images taken by the spacecraft. "Voyager 2". The pictures were taken January 24, 1986 from a distance 130 thousand kilometers from the object.
Ariel has a diameter about 1200 kilometers, most of its surface is covered with craters with a diameter of 5 to 10 kilometers. In addition to craters, the image shows valleys and faults in the form of long stripes, so the landscape of the object is very heterogeneous.
25) Spring "fans" on Mars . In high latitudes every winter carbon dioxide condenses from the atmosphere of Mars and accumulates on its surface, forming seasonal polar ice caps. In the spring, the sun begins to heat the surface more intensely and the heat passes through these translucent layers of dry ice, heating the soil underneath.
Dry ice evaporates, immediately turning into gas, bypassing the liquid phase. If the pressure is high enough, the ice cracks and gas escapes from the cracks, forming "fans". These dark "fans" are small fragments of material that are carried away by the gas escaping from the cracks.
Galactic merger
26) Stefan Quintet . This group is from 5 galaxies in the constellation Pegasus, located in 280 million light years from the earth. Four of the five galaxies are undergoing a violent merger phase and will crash into each other, eventually forming a single galaxy.
The central blue galaxy appears to be part of this group, but this is an illusion. This galaxy is much closer to us - at a distance only 40 million light years. The image was obtained by researchers Mount Lemmon Observatory(USA).
27) Soap Bubble Nebula . This planetary nebula was discovered by an amateur astronomer Dave Jurasevich July 6, 2008 in the constellation Swan. The picture was taken with a 4-meter telescope Mayall National Observatory Kitt Peak V June 2009. This nebula was part of another diffuse nebula, and it is also quite faint, so it was hidden from the eyes of astronomers for a long time.
Sunset on Mars - photo from the surface of Mars
28) Sunset on Mars. May 19, 2005 NASA Mars rover MER-A Spirit took this amazing photo of the sunset while being on the edge of Gusev crater. The solar disk, as you can see, is slightly smaller than the disk that is visible from Earth.
29) Hypergiant star Eta Carinae . In this incredibly detailed image taken by NASA's space telescope "Hubble", you can see huge clouds of gas and dust from the giant star Eta of Kiel. This star is located at a distance from us more than 8 thousand light years, and the overall structure is comparable in width to our Solar System.
Near 150 years ago a supernova explosion was observed. Eta Carinae became the second most luminous star after Sirius, but quickly faded away and ceased to be visible to the naked eye.
30) Polar Ring Galaxy . Amazing Galaxy NGC 660 is the result of the merger of two different galaxies. It is located at a distance 44 million light years from us in the constellation Pisces. On January 7, astronomers announced that this galaxy has powerful flash, which is most likely the result of the massive black hole at its center.
Images taken at extremely long distances using the Hubble Space Telescope, which left Earth exactly 25 years ago. The deadline is no joke. In the first photo, the Horsehead Nebula has graced astronomy books since its discovery nearly a century ago. 
Jupiter's moon Ganymede is shown as it begins to disappear behind the giant planet. The moon, made of rock and ice, is the largest in the solar system, even more planet Mercury.
Resembling a butterfly and appropriately called the Butterfly Nebula, it consists of hot gas with a temperature of about 20,000°C and moves through the universe at a speed of more than 950,000 km per hour. You can get from Earth to the Moon at this speed in 24 minutes.
The Cone Nebula, approximately 23 million high, travels around the Moon. The entire extent of the nebula is about 7 light years. It is believed to be an incubator for new stars.
The Eagle Nebula is a mixture of cooled gas and dust from which stars are born. The height is 9.5 light years or 57 trillion miles, twice as long as the distance from the Sun to the nearest star.
The bright southern hemisphere of the star RS Puppis is surrounded by a reflective cloud of dust, hued like a lampshade. This star has 10 times the mass of the Sun and is 200 times larger.
The pillars of creation are located in the Eagle Nebula. They are made of stellar gas and dust and are located 7,000 light years from Earth.
This is the first time such a clear image has been taken from a wide-angle lens of the M82 galaxy. This galaxy is notable for its bright blue disk, network of scattered clouds, and fiery hydrogen jets emanating from its center.
Hubble captured a rare moment of two spiral galaxies positioned on the same line: the first, small one, abuts the center of a larger one.
The Crab Nebula is a trace of a supernova, which was recorded by Chinese astronomers back in 1054. Thus, this nebula is the first astronomical object associated with a historical supernova explosion.
This beauty is the spiral galaxy M83, located 15 million light years from the nearest constellation, Hydra.
Sombrero Galaxy: stars located on the surface of the “pancake” and clustered in the center of the disk.
A pair of interacting galaxies called the Antennae. As the two galaxies collide, new stars are born, mostly in groups and star clusters.
The light echo of V838 Monoceros, a variable star in the constellation Monoceros, located about 20,000 light years away. In 2002, she survived an explosion, the cause of which is still unknown.
The massive star Eta Carinae, located in our native Milky Way. Many scientists believe it will soon explode to become a supernova.
A giant star-bearing nebula with massive star clusters.
The four moons of Saturn, taken by surprise as they pass by their "parent".
Two interacting galaxies: on the right is the large spiral NGC 5754, on the left is its younger companion.
The luminous remains of a star that went out thousands of years ago.
Butterfly Nebula: walls of compressed gas, stretched filaments, bubbling flows. Night, street, lantern.
Galaxy Black Eye. It is named so because of the black ring with seething inside that was formed as a result of an ancient explosion.
An unusual planetary nebula, NGC 6751. Glowing like an eye in the constellation Aquila, this nebula formed several thousand years ago from a hot star (visible at the very center).
Boomerang Nebula. The light-reflecting cloud of dust and gas has two symmetrical “wings” radiating from the central star.
Spiral Galaxy "Whirlpool". Winding arcs in which newborn stars live. In the center, where the old stars are better and more impressive.
Mars. 11 hours before the planet reached its record close range from Earth (August 26, 2003).
Traces of a dying star in the Ant Nebula
A molecular cloud (or "star cradle"; astronomers are unfulfilled poets) called the Carina Nebula, located 7,500 light years from Earth. Somewhere in the south of the constellation Carina
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Published: January 27, 2015 at 05:19
1. The gravitational field of Abell 68 surrounding this large group galaxies, serves as a natural cosmic lens that makes light coming from very distant galaxies behind the field brighter and larger. Reminiscent of a “distorted mirror” effect, the lens creates a fantastic landscape of arcing patterns and mirror reflections of rear galaxies. The closest group of galaxies is two billion light years away, and the images reflected through the lens come from galaxies that are even further away. In this photo above left, the image of the spiral galaxy has been stretched and mirrored. A second, less distorted image of the same galaxy is to the left of a large, bright elliptical galaxy. In the upper right corner of the photo is another amazing detail that is not related to the effect of gravitational lenses. What appears to be crimson liquid dripping from the galaxy is, in fact, a phenomenon called "tidal stripping." When a galaxy passes through a field of dense intergalactic gas, the gas that accumulates inside the galaxy rises and heats up. (NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage/ESA-Hubble Collaboration)
2. A clump of interstellar gas and dust located at a distance of one light years, resembles a huge caterpillar. Towards the right edge of the photograph are obstacles - these are 65 of the brightest and hottest O-class stars known to us, located at a distance of fifteen light years from the clump. These stars, as well as another 500 less luminous but still bright class B stars, form the so-called “Association of Class OB2 Cygnus Stars.” The caterpillar-like clump, called IRAS 20324+4057, is a protostar in its earliest stages of development. It is still in the process of collecting material from the gas enveloping it. However, the radiation emanating from Cygnus OB2 destroys this shell. Protostars in this region will eventually become young stars with a final mass of about one to ten times the mass of our Sun, but if destructive radiation from nearby bright stars destroys the gas shell before the protostars gain the required mass, their final masses will be reduced. (NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team - STScI/AURA, and IPHAS)
3. This pair of interacting galaxies is collectively called Arp 142. These include the star-forming spiral galaxy NGC 2936 and the elliptical galaxy NGC 2937. The orbits of the stars in NGC 2936 were once part of a flat spiral disk, but due to gravitational connections with another galaxy has fallen into disarray. This disorder distorts the orderly spiral of the galaxy; interstellar gas swells into giant tails. Gas and dust from the interior of the galaxy NGC 2936 are compressed when colliding with another galaxy, which triggers the process of star formation. Elliptical galaxy NGC 2937 resembles a dandelion of stars with some gas and dust remaining. The stars inside the galaxy are mostly old, as evidenced by their reddish color. There are no blue stars there, which would prove the process of their recent formation. Arp 142 is located 326 million light years away in the southern hemisphere constellation Hydra. (NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team - STScI/AURA)
4. Star forming region Carina Nebula. What appears to be a cloud-shrouded mountain peak is actually a column of gas and dust three light years high, gradually being eaten away by light from nearby bright stars. The pillar, located about 7,500 light years away, is also collapsing from the inside as young stars growing inside it release gas vapors. (NASA, ESA, and M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team, STScI)
5. The beautiful petal-shaped steps of the galaxy PGC 6240 are captured in photographs taken by the Hubble Telescope. They are set against a sky full of distant galaxies. PGC 6240 is an elliptical galaxy located 350 million years away in the southern hemisphere constellation Hydra. Spinning in her orbit a large number of globular star clusters, consisting of both young and old stars. Scientists believe this is the result of a recent galactic merger. (ESA/Hubble and NASA)
6. Photo illustration of the brilliant spiral galaxy M106. This image of M106 only contains the internal structure around the ring and core. (NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team - STScI/AURA, and R. Gendler for the Hubble Heritage Team)
7. The globular star cluster Messier 15 is located about 35,000 light years away in the constellation Pegasus. It is one of the oldest clusters, about 12 billion years old. The photograph shows both very hot blue stars and cooler yellow stars swirling together, clustering most tightly around the cluster's bright center. Messier 15 is one of the densest globular star clusters. It was the first known cluster to reveal a planetary nebula with a rare type of black hole at its center. This photo is collected from photographs Hubble telescope in ultraviolet, infrared and optical parts of the spectrum. (NASA, ESA)
8. The legendary Horsehead Nebula has been mentioned in astronomy books for over a century. In this panorama, the nebula appears in a new light, in the infrared. The nebula, unclear in optical light, now appears transparent and ethereal, but with a clear shadow. The illuminated rays around the upper dome are illuminated by the constellation Orion, a young five-star system visible near the edge of the photo. Powerful ultraviolet light from one of these bright stars is slowly dissipating the Nebula. Two forming stars emerge from their birthplace near the upper ridge of the Nebula. (NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team - STScI/AURA)
9. A snapshot of the young planetary nebula MyCn18 shows that the object has an hourglass shape with a pattern on the walls. A planetary nebula is the glowing remnant of a dying star like the Sun. These photos are very interesting because... they help to understand the hitherto unknown details of the ejection of stellar matter that accompanies the slow destruction of stars. (Raghvendra Sahai and John Trauger, JPL, the WFPC2 science team, and NASA)
10. The Stephen's Quintet galaxy group is located in the constellation Pegasus at a distance of 290 million light years. Four of the five galaxies are very close to each other. The brightest galaxy, NGC 7320, at the bottom left, appears to be part of the group, but in fact, it is 250 million light-years closer than the others. (NASA, ESA, and the Hubble SM4 ERO Team)
11. The Hubble telescope captured Ganymede, a satellite of Jupiter, before it disappeared behind the huge planet. Ganymede orbits Jupiter in seven days. Ganymede, made of rock and ice, is the most... large satellite in our solar system; even more than the planet Mercury. But compared to Jupiter, the largest planet, Ganymede looks like a dirty snowball. Jupiter is so large that only part of its southern hemisphere fits in this photo. The Hubble image is so clear that astronomers can see features on Ganymede's surface, most notably the white Tros impact crater, and a system of rays, bright streams of material, shooting out from the crater. (NASA, ESA, and E. Karkoschka, University of Arizona)
12. Comet ISON circling the Sun before its destruction. In this photo, ISON appears to be flying around a huge number of galaxies behind and a small number of stars ahead. Discovered in 2013, the small lump of ice and rock (2 km in diameter) was hurtling toward the Sun to pass at a distance of about 1 million kilometers from the Sun. The gravitational forces were too strong for the comet, and it disintegrated. (NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team, STScI/AURA)
13. Light echo of the star V838 Monoceros. Shown here is a spectacular illumination of the surrounding dust cloud, called a light echo, that brightened for several years after the star suddenly shone for a few weeks in 2002. Illumination of the interstellar dust comes from the red supergiant star in the middle of the image, which suddenly erupted in light three years ago, like a light bulb turning on in a dark room. The dust surrounding V838 Monoceros may have been ejected from the star during a similar previous outburst in 2002. (NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team, STScI/AURA)
14. Abell 2261. The giant elliptical galaxy at the center is the brightest and most massive part of the galaxy cluster Abell 2261. Located at a distance of just over one million light years, the diameter of the galaxy is about 10 times the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy. The bloated galaxy is representative unusual looking galaxies with a diffuse core filled with a thick haze of starlight. Typically, astronomers assume that light is concentrated around a black hole at the center. Hubble observations show that the galaxy's swollen core, estimated at about 10,000 light-years across, is the largest ever seen. The gravitational influence on the light coming from galaxies located behind can make the image of photographs stretched or blurred, creating the so-called “gravitational lensing effect.” (NASA, ESA, M. Postman, STScI, T. Lauer, NOAO, and the CLASH team)
15. Antenna galaxies. Known as NGC 4038 and NGC 4039, these two galaxies are locked in a tight embrace. Once ordinary, quiet spiral galaxies such as milky way, the pair have spent the last few million years in such a violent collision that the stars torn out in the process have formed an arc between them. Bright pink and red clouds of gas surround bright flares from blue star-forming regions, some of which are partially obscured by dark streaks of dust. The frequency of star formation is so high that Antennae Galaxies are called places of constant star formation - in which all the gas inside the galaxies goes to create stars. (ESA/Hubble, NASA)
16. IRAS 23166+1655 is an unusual pre-planetary nebula, a celestial spiral around the star LL Pegasus. The spiral shape means that the nebula is formed in the usual way. The substance forming the spiral moves outward at a speed of 50,000 kilometers per hour; According to astronomers, its stages will separate from each other in 800 years. There is a hypothesis that the spiral will be reborn, because LL Pegasus is dual system, in which the star losing matter and a neighboring star begin to orbit each other. (ESA/NASA, R. Sahai)
17. Spiral galaxy NGC 634 was discovered in the 19th century by French astronomer Edouard Jean-Marie Stéphane. It is approximately 120,000 light years in size and lies in the constellation Triangulum at a distance of 250 million light years. Other, more distant galaxies can be seen in the background. (ESA/Hubble, NASA)
18. A small part of the Carina Nebula, a star-forming region located in the southern hemisphere constellation Carina at a distance of 7,500 light years from Earth. Young stars glow so brightly that the emitted radiation disrupts the surrounding gas, creating bizarre shapes. The dust clusters towards the top right corner of the photo, resembling a drop of ink in milk. It has been suggested that the forms of this dust are nothing more than cocoons for the formation of new stars. The brightest stars in the photo, those closest to us, are not parts of the Carina Nebula. (ESA/Hubble, NASA)
19. The bright Red Galaxy at the center has an unusually large mass, 10 times the mass of the Milky Way. The blue horseshoe shape is a distant galaxy that has been enlarged and distorted into an almost closed ring by the strong gravitational pull of the larger galaxy. This "Cosmic Horseshoe" is one of best examples Einstein rings - a "gravitational lens" effect with an ideal placement to bend light from distant galaxies into a ring shape around large nearby galaxies. The distant blue galaxy is approximately 10 billion light years away. (ESA/Hubble, NASA)
20. Planetary nebula NGC 6302, also known as the Butterfly Nebula, consists of seething pockets of gas heated to temperatures of 20,000 degrees Celsius. At the center is a dying star that was five times the mass of the Sun. She threw out her cloud of gases and is now emitting ultraviolet radiation, from which the ejected substance glows. Located 3,800 light-years away, the central star is hidden under a ring of dust. (NASA, ESA and the Hubble SM4 ERO Team)
21. Disk galaxy NGC 5866 is located at a distance of about 50 million light years from Earth. The dust disk runs along the edge of the galaxy, revealing its structure behind it: a faint reddish bulge surrounding a bright core; blue star disk and transparent outer ring. Galaxies that are even millions of light years away are also visible through the ring. (NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team)
22. In February 1997, Hubble separated from the Discovery shuttle, completing its work in orbit. This telescope, measuring 13.2 m and weighing 11 tons, had by that time spent about 24 years in low-Earth orbit, taking thousands of priceless photographs. (NASA)
23. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Almost none of the objects in this photo are within our Milky Way galaxy. Almost every stroke, dot or spiral is an entire galaxy consisting of billions of stars. In late 2003, scientists pointed the Hubble telescope at a relatively dim patch of sky and simply opened the shutter for about one million seconds (about 11 days). The result is called the Ultra Deep Field - a snapshot of more than 10,000 previously unknown galaxies visible in our small sky. No other photograph before has demonstrated the unimaginable vastness of our universe. (NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith, STScI and the HUDF Team)
Mysterious nebulae, which are millions of light years away, the birth of new stars and collisions of galaxies. A selection of the best photographs from the Hubble Space Telescope in recent times.
1. Dark nebulae in a cluster of young stars. Shown here is a section of the Eagle Nebula star cluster, which formed about 5.5 million years ago and is located 6,500 light-years from Earth. (Photo ESA | Hubble & NASA):
2. The giant galaxy NGC 7049, located at a distance of 100 million light years from Earth, in the constellation Indian. (Photo by NASA, ESA and W. Harris - McMaster University, Ontario, Canada):
3. The emission nebula Sh2-106 is located two thousand light years from Earth. It is a compact star-forming region. At its center is the star S106 IR, which is surrounded by dust and hydrogen - in the photograph it is colored Blue colour. (Photo by NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team, STScI | AURA, and NAOJ):
4. Abell 2744, also known as the Pandora Cluster, is a giant cluster of galaxies, the result of the simultaneous collision of at least four separate small clusters of galaxies that occurred over the course of 350 million years. The galaxies in the cluster make up less than five percent of its mass, and the gas (about 20%) is so hot that it glows only in X-rays. Mysterious dark matter makes up about 75% of the cluster's mass. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz, M. Mountain, A. Koekemoer, & the HFF Team):
5. “Caterpillar” and the Carina emission nebula (a region of ionized hydrogen) in the constellation Carina. (Photo by NASA, ESA, N. Smith, University of California, Berkeley, and The Hubble Heritage Team. STScI | AURA):
6. Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1566 (SBbc) in the constellation Golden Fish. It is located 40 million light years away. (Photo by ESA | Hubble & NASA, Flickr user Det58):
7. IRAS 14568-6304 is a young star located 2500 light years from Earth. This dark region is the Circinus molecular cloud, which has 250,000 solar masses and is filled with gas, dust and young stars. (Photo by ESA | Hubble & NASA Acknowledgments: R. Sahai | JPL, Serge Meunier):
8. Portrait of a star kindergarten. Hundreds of brilliant blue stars covered in warm, glowing clouds make up R136, a compact star cluster that lies at the center of the Tarantula Nebula.
The R136 cluster consists of young stars, giants and supergiants, estimated to be approximately 2 million years old. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and F. Paresce, INAF-IASF, Bologna, R. O"Connell, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and the Wide Field Camera 3 Science Oversight Committee):
9. Spiral galaxy NGC 7714 in the constellation Pisces. Located at a distance of 100 million light years from Earth. (Photo by ESA, NASA, A. Gal-Yam, Weizmann Institute of Science):
10. The image taken by the orbiting Hubble Telescope shows the warm planetary Red Spider Nebula, also known as NGC 6537.
This unusual wave-like structure is located about 3,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Sagittarius. A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of an ionized shell of gas and a central star, a white dwarf. They are formed when the outer layers of red giants and supergiants with a mass of up to 1.4 solar masses are shed at the final stage of their evolution. (Photo by ESA & Garrelt Mellema, Leiden University, the Netherlands):
11. The Horsehead Nebula is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion. One of the most famous nebulae. She is visible as dark spot in the shape of a horse's head against a background of red glow. This glow is explained by the ionization of hydrogen clouds located behind the nebula under the influence of radiation from the nearest bright star (Z Orionis). (Photo by NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team, AURA | STScI):
12. This Hubble Space Telescope image shows the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 1433 in the constellation Hours. It is located at a distance of 32 million light years from us, and is a type of very active galaxy/ (Photo by Space Scoop | ESA | Hubble & NASA, D. Calzetti, UMass and the LEGU.S. Team):
13. A rare cosmic phenomenon is the Einstein ring, which occurs as a result of the fact that the gravity of a massive body bends electromagnetic radiation traveling towards the Earth from a more distant object.
Einstein's general theory of relativity states that the gravity of large cosmic objects such as galaxies bends the space around them and bends light rays. In this case, a distorted image of another galaxy appears - the source of light. The galaxy that bends space is called a gravitational lens. (Photo ESA | Hubble & NASA):
14. Nebula NGC 3372 in the constellation Carina. A large bright nebula that contains several open star clusters within its boundaries. (Photo by NASA, ESA, M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team, STScI):
15. Abell 370 is a cluster of galaxies at a distance of about 4 billion light years in the constellation Cetus. The cluster core consists of several hundred galaxies. It is the most distant cluster. These galaxies are located at a distance of about 5 billion light years. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz and the HFF Team, STScI):
16. Galaxy NGC 4696 in the constellation Centaurus. Located 145 million light years from Earth. It is the brightest galaxy in the Centaurus cluster. The galaxy is surrounded by many dwarf elliptical galaxies. (Photo by NASA, ESA | Hubble, A. Fabian):
17. Located within the Perseus-Pisces galaxy cluster, the UGC 12591 galaxy attracts the attention of astronomers with its unusual shape - it is neither lenticular nor spiral, that is, it exhibits features characteristic of both classes.
The star cluster UGC 12591 is relatively massive - its mass, as scientists have been able to calculate, is about four times higher than that of our Milky Way.
At the same time, the galaxy of a unique shape also very quickly changes its spatial position, at the same time rotating around its axis at an anomalously high speed. Scientists have yet to understand the reasons for such a high speed of rotation of UGC 12591 around its axis. (Photo ESA | Hubble & NASA):
18. How many stars! This is the center of our Milky Way, 26,000 light-years away. (ESA Photo | A. Calamida and K. Sahu, STScI and the SWEEPS Science Team | NASA):
19. Minkowski Nebula 2-9 or simply PN M2-9. The characteristic shape of the petals of the nebula PN M2-9 is most likely due to the movement of these two stars around each other. The system is thought to have a white dwarf spinning around it, causing the larger star's expanding shell to form wings or petals rather than simply expanding as a uniform sphere. (Photo by ESA, Hubble & NASA, Acknowledgment: Judy Schmidt):
20. The planetary ring nebula is located in the constellation Lyra. This is one of the most famous and recognizable examples of planetary nebulae. The Ring Nebula appears as a slightly elongated ring surrounding a central star. The radius of the nebula is about a third of a light year. If the nebula continuously expanded, maintaining its current speed of 19 km/s, then its age is estimated to be from 6000 to 8000 years. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and C. Robert O'Dell, Vanderbilt University):
21. Galaxy NGC 5256 in the constellation Ursa Major. (Photo by ESA | Hubble, NASA):
22. Open cluster 6791 in the constellation Lyra. Among the faintest stars in the cluster are a group of white dwarfs that are 6 billion years old and another group that is 4 billion years old. The ages of these groups stand out from the typical age of 8 billion years for the cluster as a whole. (Photo by NASA, ESA):
23. The famous Pillars of Creation. These are clusters (“elephant trunks”) of interstellar gas and dust in the Eagle Nebula, about 7,000 light-years from Earth. The Pillars of Creation - the remnants of the central part of the gas-dust Eagle Nebula in the constellation Serpens, consist, like the entire nebula, mainly of cold molecular hydrogen and dust. Under the influence of gravity, condensations are formed in the gas and dust cloud, from which stars can be born. The uniqueness of this object is that the first four massive stars (NGC 6611) (these stars are not visible in the photograph itself), which appeared in the center of the nebula about two million years ago, scattered its central part and the area on the Earth’s side. (Photo by NASA, ESA | Hubble and the Hubble Heritage Team):
24. The Bubble Nebula in the constellation Cassiopeia. The "bubble" was formed as a result of stellar wind from a hot, massive star. The nebula itself is part of a giant molecular cloud located at a distance of 7,100 - 11,000 light years from the Sun. (Photo by NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Team):
We invite you to take a look at the best images obtained using the Hubble orbital telescope.
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1. Galaxy fireworks.
2. The center of the lenticular galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128). This bright galaxy is located, by cosmic standards, very close to us - “only” 12 million light years away.
3. Dwarf galaxy Large Magellanic Cloud. The diameter of this galaxy is almost 20 times smaller than the diameter of our own galaxy, the Milky Way.
4. Planetary nebula NGC 6302 in the constellation Scorpius. This planetary nebula has two more beautiful names: Bug Nebula and Butterfly Nebula. A planetary nebula forms when a star similar to our Sun sheds its outer layer of gas as it dies.
5. Reflection nebula NGC 1999 in the constellation Orion. This nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas that reflects the light of stars.
6. Luminous Orion Nebula. You can find this nebula in the sky just below Orion's belt. It is so bright that it is clearly visible even to the naked eye.
7. The Crab Nebula in the constellation Taurus. This nebula was formed as a result of a supernova explosion.
8. Cone nebula NGC 2264 in the constellation Monoceros. This nebula is part of the system of nebulae surrounding a star cluster.
9. Planetary Cat's Eye Nebula in the constellation Draco. The complex structure of this nebula has posed many mysteries for scientists.
10. Spiral galaxy NGC 4911 in the constellation Coma Berenices. This constellation is located large cluster galaxies called the Coma cluster. Most of the galaxies in this cluster are of the elliptical type.
11. Spiral galaxy NGC 3982 from the constellation Ursa Major. On April 13, 1998, a supernova exploded in this galaxy.
12. Spiral galaxy M74 from the constellation Pisces. It has been suggested that there is a black hole in this galaxy.
13. Eagle Nebula M16 in the constellation Serpens. This is a fragment of the famous photograph taken with the help of the Hubble orbital telescope, called “The Pillars of Creation”.
14. Fantastic images of deep space.
15. Dying star.
16. Red giant B838. In 4-5 billion years, our Sun will also become a red giant, and in about 7 billion years, its expanding outer layer will reach the Earth's orbit.
17. Galaxy M64 in the constellation Coma Berenices. This galaxy resulted from the merger of two galaxies that were rotating in different directions. That's why inner part The M64 galaxy rotates in one direction, and its peripheral part rotates in the other.
18. Mass birth of new stars.
19. Eagle Nebula M16. This column of dust and gas at the center of the nebula is called the "Fairy" region. The length of this pillar is approximately 9.5 light years.
20. Stars in the Universe.
21. Nebula NGC 2074 in the constellation Dorado.
22. Triplet of galaxies Arp 274. This system includes two spiral galaxies and one irregularly shaped. The object is located in the constellation Virgo.
23. Sombrero Galaxy M104. In the 1990s, it was discovered that at the center of this galaxy there is a black hole of enormous mass.