Measurements of noise from the operation of roof boiler equipment. Effective solutions to reduce noise from power equipment of thermal power plants and boiler houses

To eliminate each of these noises, you need various ways. In addition, each type of noise has its own properties and parameters, and they must be taken into account when producing low-noise refrigeration chillers.

Can be applied a large number of various insulation and not achieve the desired result, but on the contrary, you can, by using a minimum amount of the “right” material in the right place, using insulation technology, achieve excellent low noise.

To understand the essence of the sound insulation process, let’s turn to the main methods for achieving low noise levels in industrial water coolers.

First you need to define some basic terms.

Noise — unwanted, unfavorable sound for the target human activity within its radius of propagation.

Sound — wave propagation of particles oscillating due to external influence in some medium - solid, liquid or gaseous.

There are other less common and significantly more expensive and bulky solutions for achieving silence close to absolute, if required by the installation location of the water cooler. For example, soundproofing the technical room where the compressor-evaporation unit of the chiller is located, the use of water condensers or wet cooling towers without the use of fans, and some other more exotic ones, but they are extremely rarely used in practice.

The sources of general vibration are rotating mechanisms - smoke exhauster, fan and pumps, as well as a working boiler. Vibration occurs both when the rotating mechanisms are poorly centered or unbalanced, and when the balancing is correct. In equipment, vibration occurs when the medium moves.

Vibration can cause disruption of body functions. When exposed to general vibration, changes occur in the central nervous system: dizziness, tinnitus, drowsiness, and impaired coordination of movements. There is instability in the cardiovascular system blood pressure, hypertensive phenomena. Damage to the skin-articular apparatus is localized in the legs and spine. At high intensity and in a certain frequency range, tissue rupture occurs. The most dangerous vibrations for the human body are those whose frequencies coincide with the natural frequencies of the human body and its internal organs, since such vibrations can cause resonant phenomena in the body. The frequency range of such vibrations is from 4 to 400 Hz. The most dangerous frequency is 5¸9 Hz.

Vibration in the boiler room is constant.

The boiler room operator is subject to general vibration of category 3, technological type A (at permanent workplaces in industrial premises of enterprises).

The main document on vibration is SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.566-96 “Industrial vibration, vibration in residential and public buildings».

When normalizing vibration, deviations of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration from the maximum permissible values ​​along the axes of the orthogonal coordinate system are taken into account.

The main way to ensure vibration safety should be the creation and use of vibration-proof machines. When designing and using machines, buildings, and objects, methods must be used that reduce vibration along the paths of its propagation from the excitation source; Vibration insulation and vibration damping bases (pneumatic dampers, springs) are used.

To eliminate vibrations and shocks from machine operation bearing structures buildings should not come into contact with machine foundations.

In the boiler room, vibration damping bases are used on the pump foundations.

Sources of noise in a boiler room are the boiler, operating pumps, smoke exhauster, fan, movement of water and steam in pipelines.

Intense noise with daily exposure reduces hearing acuity, leads to changes in blood pressure, weakens attention, reduces visual acuity, accelerates the process of fatigue, and causes changes in motor centers. Noise has a particularly adverse effect on the cardiovascular and nervous system. Noise with an intensity of more than 130 dB causes pain in the ears, and at 140 dB, irreversible hearing damage occurs.

Characteristics of constant noise in workplaces are sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz.

A characteristic of non-constant noise in workplaces is the integral criterion - the equivalent (in energy) sound level.

The noise in the boiler room is constant broadband.

Basic document on noise exposure SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 “Noise in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas.”

Acceptable sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, sound levels and equivalent sound levels in workplaces should be accepted:

For broadband constant and non-constant (except impulse) noise - according to table. 13.4;

For tonal and impulse noise - 5 dB less than the values ​​​​indicated in the table. 14.4.

Table 14.4

Permissible sound pressure levels in workplaces and enterprise areas

When developing technological processes, designing, manufacturing and operating machines, industrial buildings and structures, as well as when organizing the workplace, you should take all necessary measures to reduce noise affecting people in workplaces to values ​​not exceeding permissible values ​​in the following areas:

Development of noise-proof equipment;

The use of means and methods of collective protection in accordance with GOST 12.1.029-80 “SSBT. Means and methods of noise protection. Classification";

The use of personal protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.4.011-89 “Protective equipment for workers. Basic requirements and classification."

Areas with a sound level or equivalent sound level above 80 dBA must be marked with safety signs in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001 “SSBT. Signal colors and safety signs.” Those working in these areas must be provided with personal protective equipment.

One method of noise reduction is to reduce noise along its propagation path. It is implemented by using casings, screens and soundproofing partitions that cover the above equipment, using sound insulation of enclosing structures; sealing around the perimeter of the porches of windows, gates, doors; sound insulation of intersections of enclosing structures engineering communications; installation of soundproof observation booths and remote control. As individual funds protection using noise-reducing earplugs and headphones.

To reduce noise from rotating mechanisms in the boiler room, casings are used. The operator room is soundproofed.

V.B. Tupov
Moscow Energy Institute ( Technical University)

ANNOTATION

The original developments of MPEI to reduce noise from power equipment of thermal power plants and boiler houses are considered. Examples are given of noise reduction from the most intense noise sources, namely from steam emissions, combined-cycle plants, draft machines, hot-water boilers, transformers and cooling towers, taking into account the requirements and specifics of their operation at energy facilities. The test results of mufflers are given. The presented data allows us to recommend MPEI silencers for widespread use at energy facilities in the country.

1. INTRODUCTION

Solutions to environmental issues during the operation of power equipment are a priority. Noise is one of the important pollutants environment, decrease negative impact which is subject to environmental protection laws atmospheric air" and "On environmental protection natural environment", and sanitary standards SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 establish permissible noise levels in workplaces and residential areas.

The normal operation of power equipment is associated with noise emissions that exceed sanitary standards not only on the territory of power facilities, but also in the surrounding area. This is especially important for energy facilities located in major cities close to residential areas. The use of combined cycle gas units (CCP) and gas turbine units (GTU), as well as equipment of higher technical parameters associated with increased sound pressure levels in the surrounding area.

Some energy equipment has tonal components in its emission spectrum. The round-the-clock operation cycle of power equipment causes a particular danger of noise exposure for the population at night.

In accordance with sanitary standards, sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of thermal power plants with an equivalent electrical power of 600 MW and above, using coal and fuel oil as fuel, must have a SPZ of at least 1000 m, operating on gas and gas-oil fuel - at least 500 m. For CHPPs and district boiler houses with a thermal capacity of 200 Gcal and above, operating on coal and fuel oil, the sanitary protection zone is at least 500 m, and for those operating on gas and reserve fuel oil - at least 300 m.

Sanitary standards and regulations establish the minimum dimensions of the sanitary zone, and the actual dimensions may be larger. Excess acceptable standards from constantly operating equipment of thermal power plants (TES) can reach 25-32 dB for work areas; for residential areas - 20-25 dB at a distance of 500 m from a powerful thermal power plant (TPP) and 15-20 dB at a distance of 100 m from a large district thermal station (RTS) or quarterly thermal station (CTS). Therefore, the problem of reducing noise impact from energy facilities is relevant, and in the near future its importance will increase.

2. EXPERIENCE IN NOISE REDUCTION FROM POWER EQUIPMENT

2.1. Main areas of work

Excess sanitary standards in the surrounding area is formed, as a rule, by a group of sources, the development of noise reduction measures, which receive much attention both abroad and in our country. The works on noise suppression of power equipment of such companies as Industrial acoustic company (IAC), BB-Acustic, Gerb and others are known abroad, and in our country - the developments of YuzhVTI, NPO TsKTI, ORGRES, VZPI (Open University), NIISF, VNIAM etc. .

Since 1982, the Moscow Energy Institute (Technical University) has also been carrying out a set of works to solve this problem. Here for last years New effective silencers for the most intense noise sources from:

steam emissions;

combined cycle gas plants;

draft machines (smoke exhausters and blower fans);

hot water boilers;

transformers;

cooling towers and other sources.

Below are examples of noise reduction from power equipment using MPEI developments. The work on their implementation has a high social significance, which consists in reducing noise exposure to sanitary standards for a large number of the population and personnel of energy facilities.

2.2. Examples of noise reduction from power equipment

Discharges of steam from power boilers into the atmosphere are the most intense, albeit short-term, source of noise both for the territory of the enterprise and for the surrounding area.

Acoustic measurements show that at a distance of 1 - 15 m from the steam exhaust of a power boiler, sound levels exceed not only the permissible, but also the maximum permissible level sound (110 dBA) at 6 - 28 dBA.

Therefore, the development of new effective steam silencers is an urgent task. A noise suppressor for steam emissions (MEI silencer) was developed.

The steam silencer has various modifications depending on the required reduction in exhaust noise level and the characteristics of the steam.

Currently, MPEI steam silencers have been implemented at a number of energy facilities: Saransk Thermal Power Plant No. 2 (CHP-2) of OJSC “Territorial Generating Company-6”, boiler OKG-180 of OJSC “Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works”, CHPP-9, CHPP-11 of OJSC “Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works” Mosenergo". Steam consumption through the silencers ranged from 154 t/h at Saransk CHPP-2 to 16 t/h at CHPP-7 of Mosenergo OJSC.

MPEI mufflers were installed on the exhaust pipelines after the GPC of boilers st. No. 1, 2 CHPP-7 branch of CHPP-12 of Mosenergo OJSC. The efficiency of this noise suppressor, obtained from the measurement results, was 1.3 - 32.8 dB across the entire spectrum of standardized octave bands with geometric mean frequencies from 31.5 to 8000 Hz.

On boilers st. No. 4, 5 CHPP-9 of Mosenergo OJSC, several MPEI silencers were installed on the steam discharge after the main safety valves(GPC). The tests carried out here showed that the acoustic efficiency was 16.6 - 40.6 dB across the entire spectrum of standardized octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 31.5 - 8000 Hz, and in terms of sound level - 38.3 dBA.

MPEI mufflers, in comparison with foreign and other domestic analogues, have high specific characteristics, allowing to achieve maximum acoustic effect with minimal muffler weight and maximum flow steam through the muffler.

MEI steam silencers can be used to reduce the noise of superheated and wet steam being discharged into the atmosphere, natural gas etc. The design of the muffler can be used in a wide range of discharge steam parameters and can be used both on units with subcritical parameters and on units with supercritical parameters. The experience of using MPEI steam silencers has shown the necessary acoustic efficiency and reliability of the silencers at various facilities.

When developing measures for noise suppression of gas turbine plants, the main attention was paid to the development of silencers for gas paths.

Based on the recommendations of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, the designs of noise suppressors for gas paths of waste heat boilers of the following brands were made: KUV-69.8-150 manufactured by Dorogobuzhkotlomash OJSC for the Severny Settlement gas turbine power plant, P-132 manufactured by Podolsk Machine-Building Plant JSC (PMZ JSC) for Kirishskaya GRES, P-111 produced by PMZ JSC for CHPP-9 of Mosenergo JSC, waste heat boiler under license from Nooter/Eriksen for power unit PGU-220 of Ufimskaya CHPP-5, KGT-45/4.0- 430-13/0.53-240 for the Novy Urengoy Gas Chemical Complex (GCC).

A set of works to reduce the noise of gas paths was carried out for the Severny Settlement GTU-CHP.

The Severny Settlement GTU-CHP contains a two-case HRSG designed by Dorogobuzhkotlomash OJSC, which is installed after two FT-8.3 gas turbines from Pratt & Whitney Power Systems. Evacuation of flue gases from the HRSG is carried out through one chimney.

Acoustic calculations have shown that in order to meet sanitary standards in a residential area at a distance of 300 m from the mouth of the chimney, it is necessary to reduce noise in the range from 7.8 dB to 27.3 dB at geometric mean frequencies of 63-8000 Hz.

A dissipative plate noise muffler developed by MPEI to reduce the exhaust noise of a gas turbine unit with a gas turbine unit is located in two metal noise-attenuation boxes of the unit with dimensions of 6000x6054x5638 mm above the convective packages in front of the confusers.

At the Kirishi State District Power Plant, a steam-gas unit PGU-800 with a P-132 horizontal unit and a gas turbine unit SGT5-400F (Siemens) is currently being implemented.

Calculations have shown that the required reduction in noise level from the gas turbine exhaust tract is 12.6 dBA to ensure a sound level of 95 dBA at 1 m from the mouth of the chimney.

To reduce noise in the gas ducts of the KU P-132 at the Kirishi State District Power Plant, a cylindrical muffler has been developed, which is located in the chimney internal diameter 8000 mm.

The noise suppressor consists of four cylindrical elements placed evenly in the chimney, while the relative flow area of ​​the silencer is 60%.

The calculated efficiency of the muffler is 4.0-25.5 dB in the range of octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 31.5 - 4000 Hz, which corresponds to an acoustic efficiency at a sound level of 20 dBA.

The use of silencers to reduce noise from smoke exhausters using the example of CHPP-26 of Mosenergo OJSC in horizontal sections is given in.

In 2009, to reduce gas path noise, centrifugal smoke exhausters D-21.5x2 boiler TGM-84 st. No. 4 CHPP-9, a plate-type noise suppressor was installed on the straight vertical section of the boiler flue behind the smoke exhausters before entering the chimney at an elevation of 23.63 m.

The plate noise silencer for the flue duct of the TGM TETs-9 boiler is a two-stage design.

Each muffler stage consists of five plates 200 mm thick and 2500 mm long, placed evenly in a gas duct measuring 3750x2150 mm. The distance between the plates is 550 mm, the distance between the outer plates and the wall of the flue is 275 mm. With this placement of the plates, the relative flow area is 73.3%. The length of one stage of the muffler without fairings is 2500 mm, the distance between the stages of the muffler is 2000 mm, inside the plates there is a non-flammable, non-hygroscopic sound-absorbing material, which is protected from blowing by fiberglass and perforated metal sheets. The muffler has an aerodynamic drag of about 130 Pa. The weight of the muffler structure is about 2.7 tons. The acoustic efficiency of the muffler, according to test results, is 22-24 dB at geometric mean frequencies of 1000-8000 Hz.

An example of a comprehensive development of noise reduction measures is the development of MPEI to reduce noise from smoke exhausters at HPP-1 of Mosenergo OJSC. Here, high demands were placed on the aerodynamic resistance of the silencers, which had to be placed in the station’s existing gas ducts.

To reduce the noise of gas paths of boilers Art. No. 6, 7 GES-1, a branch of Mosenergo OJSC, MPEI has developed an entire noise reduction system. The noise reduction system consists of the following elements: a plate muffler, gas path turns lined with sound-absorbing material, a separating sound-absorbing partition and a ramp. The presence of a dividing sound-absorbing partition, a ramp and sound-absorbing lining of the turns of the boiler flues, in addition to reducing noise levels, helps to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the gas paths of power boilers st. No. 6, 7 as a result of eliminating the collision of flue gas flows at the point of their connection, organizing smoother turns of flue gases in gas paths. Aerodynamic measurements showed that the total aerodynamic resistance of the gas paths of the boilers behind the smoke exhausters practically did not increase due to the installation of a noise suppression system. Total weight noise reduction system amounted to about 2.23 tons.

Experience in reducing noise levels from air intakes of forced-air boiler fans is given in. The article discusses examples of reducing the noise of boiler air intakes using silencers designed by MPEI. Here are mufflers for the air intake of the VDN-25x2K blower fan of the BKZ-420-140 NGM boiler st. No. 10 CHPP-12 of Mosenergo OJSC and hot water boilers through underground mines (using the example of boilers

PTVM-120 RTS "Yuzhnoye Butovo") and through channels located in the wall of the boiler house building (using the example of boilers PTVM-30 RTS "Solntsevo"). The first two cases of air duct layout are quite typical for energy and hot water boilers, and a feature of the third case is the absence of areas where a muffler and high speeds air flow in the channels.

Measures to reduce noise were developed and implemented in 2009 using sound-absorbing screens from four communication transformers of the TC TN-63000/110 type at TPP-16 of Mosenergo OJSC. Sound-absorbing screens are installed at a distance of 3 m from transformers. The height of each sound-absorbing screen is 4.5 m, and the length varies from 8 to 11 m. The sound-absorbing screen consists of separate panels installed in special racks. Steel panels with sound-absorbing cladding are used as screen panels. The panel on the front side is covered with a corrugated metal sheet, and on the side of the transformers - with a perforated metal sheet with a perforation coefficient of 25%. Inside the screen panels there is a non-flammable, non-hygroscopic sound-absorbing material.

Test results showed that sound pressure levels after installing the screen decreased at control points to 10-12 dB.

Currently, projects have been developed to reduce noise from cooling towers and transformers at TPP-23 and from cooling towers at TPP-16 of Mosenergo OJSC using screens.

The active introduction of MPEI noise silencers for hot water boilers continued. In the last three years alone, silencers have been installed on boilers PTVM-50, PTVM-60, PTVM-100 and PTVM-120 at RTS Rublevo, Strogino, Kozhukhovo, Volkhonka-ZIL, Biryulyovo, Khimki -Khovrino”, “Red Builder”, “Chertanovo”, “Tushino-1”, “Tushino-2”, “Tushino-5”, “Novomoskovskaya”, “Babushkinskaya-1”, “Babushkinskaya-2”, “Krasnaya Presnya” ", KTS-11, KTS-18, KTS-24, Moscow, etc.

Tests of all installed silencers have shown high acoustic efficiency and reliability, which is confirmed by implementation certificates. Currently, more than 200 silencers are in use.

The introduction of MPEI silencers continues.

In 2009, an agreement was concluded in the field of supply of comprehensive solutions to reduce noise impact from power equipment between MPEI and the Central Repair Plant (TsRMZ Moscow). This will make it possible to more widely introduce MPEI developments at the country’s energy facilities. CONCLUSION

The developed complex of MPEI mufflers to reduce noise from various power equipment has shown the necessary acoustic efficiency and takes into account the specifics of work at power facilities. The mufflers have undergone long-term operational testing.

The considered experience of their use allows us to recommend MPEI silencers for widespread use at energy facilities in the country.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects. SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.567-01. M.: Ministry of Health of Russia, 2001.

2. Grigoryan F.E., Pertsovsky E.A. Calculation and design of noise suppressors for power plants. L.: Energy, 1980. - 120 p.

3. Fighting noise in production / ed. E.Ya. Yudina. M.: Mechanical engineering. 1985. - 400 p.

4. Tupov V.B. Reducing noise from power equipment. M.: MPEI Publishing House. 2005. - 232 p.

5. Tupov V.B. Noise impact of energy facilities on the environment and methods for its reduction. In the reference book: “Industrial Thermal Power Engineering and Heat Engineering” / edited by: A.V. Klimenko, V.M. Zorina, MPEI Publishing House, 2004. T. 4. P. 594-598.

6. Tupov V.B. Noise from power equipment and ways to reduce it. IN textbook: “Ecology of Energy”. M.: MPEI Publishing House, 2003. pp. 365-369.

7. Tupov V.B. Reducing noise levels from power equipment. Modern environmental technologies in the electric power industry: Information collection / ed. V.Ya. Putilova. M.: MPEI Publishing House, 2007, pp. 251-265.

8. Marchenko M.E., Permyakov A.B. Modern systems noise suppression during discharge of large steam flows into the atmosphere // Thermal power engineering. 2007. No. 6. pp. 34-37.

9. Lukashchuk V.N. Noise during blowing of steam superheaters and development of measures to reduce its impact on the environment: diss... cand. those. Sciences: 05.14.14. M., 1988. 145 p.

10. Yablonik L.R. Noise protection structures of turbine and boiler equipment: theory and calculation: diss. ...doc. those. Sci. St. Petersburg, 2004. 398 p.

11. Steam emission noise suppressor (options): Patent

for utility model 51673 RF. Application No. 2005132019. Application 10.18.2005 / V.B. Tupov, D.V. Chugunkov. - 4 s: ill.

12. Tupov V.B., Chugunkov D.V. Steam emission noise suppressor // Electric stations. 2006. No. 8. pp. 41-45.

13. Tupov V.B., Chugunkov D.V. The use of noise suppressors when discharging steam into the atmosphere/Ulovoe in the Russian electric power industry. 2007. No. 12. P.41-49

14. Tupov V.B., Chugunkov D.V. Noise silencers on steam discharges of power boilers // Thermal power engineering. 2009. No. 8. P.34-37.

15. Tupov V.B., Chugunkov D.V., Semin S.A. Reducing noise from exhaust ducts of gas turbine units with waste heat boilers // Thermal power engineering. 2009. No. 1. P. 24-27.

16. Tupov V.B., Krasnov V.I. Experience in reducing the noise level from air intakes of blower fans of boilers // Thermal power engineering. 2005. No. 5. pp. 24-27

17. Tupov V.B. Noise problem from power stations in Moscow // 9th International Congress on Sound and Vibration Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-11, July 2002.P. 488-496.

18. Tupov V.B. Noise reduction from blow fans of hot-water boilers//ll th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, St. Petersburg, 5-8 July 2004. P. 2405-2410.

19. Tupov V.B. Methods for reducing noise from water heating boilers RTS // Thermal power engineering. No. 1. 1993. pp. 45-48.

20. Tupov V.B. Noise problem from power stations in Moscow // 9th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-11, July 2002. P. 488^96.

21. Lomakin B.V., Tupov V.B. Experience of noise reduction in the area adjacent to CHPP-26 // Electric stations. 2004. No. 3. pp. 30-32.

22. Tupov V.B., Krasnov V.I. Problems of reducing noise from energy facilities during expansion and modernization // I specialized thematic exhibition “Ecology in the Energy Industry-2004”: Sat. report Moscow, All-Russian Exhibition Center, October 26-29, 2004. M., 2004. P. 152-154.

23. Tupov V.B. Experience in reducing noise from power plants/Y1 All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation “Protection of the population from increased noise exposure”, March 17-19, 2009 St. Petersburg, pp. 190-199.

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  • gas boilers(small and medium power),
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  • burners (gas, diesel and combined),
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• Installation of boiler rooms is produced both at the Customer’s site and with the possibility of partial execution at the company’s base, with further delivery to the site and block assembly. Main types: block, modular boiler rooms, roof-mounted, built-in, attached, transportable.
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Advantages:

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2. The management department will deliver you maximum convenience when working with us.

Boiler rooms are designed and installed in accordance with a number of rules, for example:

• GOST 21.606-95 SPDS "Rules for the implementation of working documentation for thermomechanical solutions for boiler houses"
• GOST 21563-93 Water heating boilers. Main parameters and technical requirements
• PU and BE "Rules for the design and safe operation of steam boilers"
• PB 12-529-03 "Safety rules for gas distribution and gas consumption systems."

If your task is to obtain an active object by the beginning of the heating season, we offer you the option "Block-modular boiler house" based standard solutions. Modular boiler houses supplied under this program have the following advantages: a) the use of a standard project reduces the time required for design and approval of the project, b) it becomes possible to purchase basic equipment in parallel with the development of individual parts of the project.

We also translate steam boiler rooms in hot water mode. With this operation steam boilers lose from the rated power, while solving certain heating problems. These are solutions mainly for Russian boilers. The advantage of this operation is that existing steam boilers do not have to be replaced with new ones, which can have a positive effect in the short term from an economic point of view.

All supplied boiler equipment is certified and has permission for use in the Russian Federation - gas boilers, heating boilers, burners, heat exchangers, shut-off valves etc. The specified documentation is included in the delivery package.

The number of requests from citizens received by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Tyumen Region about the deterioration of living conditions due to exposure to excess noise levels increases every year.

In 2013, 362 complaints were received (in total regarding violations of peace and quiet, accommodation and noise), in 2014 - 416 complaints, and in 2015, 80 complaints were already received.

According to established practice, after residents apply, the Department orders measurements of noise and vibration levels in residential premises. If necessary, measurements are carried out in organizations located near apartments, where, for example, “noisy” equipment is operated - a source of noise (restaurant, cafe, store, etc.). If noise and vibration levels exceed permissible values, according to SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 “Noise in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas”, to the owners of noise sources - legal entities, individual entrepreneurs - the Department issues an order to eliminate identified violations of sanitary legislation.

How can you reduce the noise from the equipment listed above so that during its operation there are no complaints from the residents of the house? Certainly, perfect option-provide for the necessary measures at the design stage of a residential building, then the development of noise-reducing measures is always possible, and their implementation during construction is tens of times cheaper than in those houses that have already been built.

The situation is completely different if the building has already been built and there are noise sources in it that exceed current standards. Then, most often, noisy units are replaced with less noisy ones and measures are taken to vibration insulate the units and the communications leading to them. Next, we will look at specific sources of noise and measures for vibration isolation of equipment.

NOISE FROM THE AIR CONDITIONER

The use of three-link vibration isolation, when the air conditioner is installed on the frame through a vibration isolator, and the frame - on reinforced concrete slab through rubber gaskets (in this case, the reinforced concrete slab is installed on spring vibration isolators on the roof of the building), leads to a reduction in penetrating structural noise to levels acceptable in residential premises.

To reduce noise, it is necessary, in addition to strengthening the noise and vibration insulation of the air duct walls and installing a muffler on the air duct of the ventilation unit (from the premises), to attach the expansion chamber and air ducts to the ceiling through vibration-isolating hangers or gaskets.

NOISE FROM THE BOILER ROOM ON THE ROOF

To protect the boiler room located on the roof of the house from noise, the foundation slab of the roof boiler room is installed on spring vibration isolators or a vibration isolating mat made of a special material. Pumps and boiler units equipped in the boiler room are installed on vibration isolators and soft inserts are used.

Pumps in the boiler room must not be installed with the engine facing down! They must be installed in such a way that the load from the pipelines is not transferred to the pump housing. At the same time, the noise level is higher with a pump of higher power or if several pumps are installed. To reduce noise, the boiler room foundation slab can also be placed on spring shock absorbers or high-strength multilayer rubber and rubber-metal vibration isolators.

Current standards It is not allowed to place a roof boiler room directly on the ceiling of residential premises (the ceiling of a residential premises cannot serve as the basis for the floor of the boiler room), as well as adjacent to residential premises. It is not allowed to design rooftop boiler houses on buildings of preschool and school institutions, medical buildings of clinics and hospitals with 24-hour stay of patients, on dormitory buildings of sanatoriums and recreational facilities. When installing equipment on the roof and ceilings, it is advisable to place it in places farthest from the protected objects.

NOISE FROM INTERNET EQUIPMENT

According to recommendations for the design of communication systems, informatization and dispatching of housing construction projects, antenna amplifiers cellular communications It is recommended to install in a metal cabinet with a locking device on technical floors, attics or staircases on upper floors. If it is necessary to install house amplifiers on different floors of multi-story buildings, they should be installed in metal cabinets in close proximity to the riser under the ceiling, usually at a height of at least 2 m from the bottom of the cabinet to the floor.

When installing amplifiers on technical floors and attics, to eliminate the transmission of vibration from a metal cabinet with a locking device, the latter must be installed on vibration isolators.

EXIT - VIBRATION ISOLATORS AND “FLOATING” FLOORS

For ventilation, refrigeration equipment on the upper, lower and intermediate technical floors of residential buildings, hotels, multifunctional complexes or in the vicinity of noise-regulated premises where people are constantly present, the units can be installed on factory-made vibration isolators on a reinforced concrete slab. This slab is mounted on a vibration-isolating layer or springs on a “floating” floor (additional reinforced concrete slab on a vibration-isolating layer) in technical room. It should be noted that fans and external condenser units, which are currently produced, are equipped with vibration isolators only at the request of the customer.

“Floating” floors without special vibration isolators can only be used with equipment having operating frequencies of more than 45-50 Hz. These are, as a rule, small machines, the vibration isolation of which can be ensured in other ways. The effectiveness of floors on an elastic base at such low frequencies is low, so they are used exclusively in combination with other types of vibration isolators, which provides high vibration isolation at low frequencies (due to vibration isolators), as well as at medium and high frequencies (due to vibration isolators and a “floating” floor ).

The floating floor screed must be carefully isolated from the walls and the load-bearing floor slab, since the formation of even small rigid bridges between them can significantly worsen its vibration-isolating properties. Where the “floating” floor adjoins the walls there must be a seam made of non-hardening materials that does not allow water to pass through.

NOISE FROM THE GARBAGE CHIP

To reduce noise, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the standards and not design the waste chute adjacent to residential premises. The garbage chute should not be adjacent to or located in walls enclosing residential or office premises with regulated noise levels.

The most common measures to reduce noise from garbage chutes are:

• “floating” floors are provided in waste collection rooms;
• with the consent of the residents of all apartments at the entrance, the garbage chute is sealed (or eliminated) with the placement of a garbage chamber for wheelchairs, a room for the concierge, etc. in the premises. (the positive thing is that in addition to noise, odors disappear, the possibility of rats and insects, the likelihood of fires, dirt, etc. is eliminated);
• ladle loading valve mounted framed with rubber or magnetic seals;
• decorative heat and noise insulating lining of the garbage chute trunk made of building materials is separated from building structures buildings with soundproofing pads.

Today many construction companies offer their services various designs to increase the sound insulation of walls and promise complete silence. It should be noted that in fact, no structures can remove the structural noise transmitted through the floors, ceilings and walls when disposing of solid household waste into a garbage chute.

NOISE FROM ELEVATORS

In SP 51.13330.2011 “Noise protection. The updated version of SNiP 03/23/2003 states that it is advisable to locate elevator shafts in the stairwell between flights of stairs (clause 11.8). When making an architectural and planning decision for a residential building, it should be provided that the built-in elevator shaft is adjacent to rooms that do not require increased protection from noise and vibration (halls, corridors, kitchens, sanitary facilities). All elevator shafts, regardless of the planning solution, must be self-supporting and have an independent foundation.

The shafts must be separated from other building structures with an acoustic seam of 40-50 mm or vibration-isolating pads. Acoustic slabs are recommended as an elastic layer material. mineral wool on a basalt or fiberglass base and various foamed polymer roll materials.

To protect the elevator installation from structural noise, its drive motor with gearbox and winch, usually installed on one common frame, are vibration-isolated from the supporting surface. Modern elevator drive units are equipped with appropriate vibration isolators installed under metal frames on which motors, gearboxes and winches are rigidly mounted, and therefore additional vibration insulation of the drive unit is usually not required. In this case, it is additionally recommended to make a two-stage (two-link) vibration isolation system by installing a support frame through vibration isolators on a reinforced concrete slab, which is also separated from the floor by vibration isolators.

The operation of elevator winches installed on two-stage vibration isolation systems has shown that noise levels from them do not exceed standard values ​​in the nearest residential premises (through 1-2 walls). For practical purposes, care must be taken to ensure that vibration isolation is not compromised by occasional rigid bridges between the metal frame and the supporting surface. Electrical supply cables must have sufficiently long flexible loops. However, the operation of other elements of elevator installations (control panels, transformers, cabin and counterweight shoes, etc.) may be accompanied by noise above standard values.

It is prohibited to design the elevator engine room floor as a continuation of the ceiling slab of the upper floor living room.

NOISE FROM TRANSFORMERSSUBSTATIONSON THE GROUND FLOORS

To protect residential and other premises with regulated noise levels from noise from transformer substations, the following conditions must be observed:

• premises of built-in transformer substations;
• should not be adjacent to noise-protected premises;
• built-in transformer substations should
• located in basements or on the first floors of buildings;
• transformers must be installed on vibration isolators designed accordingly;
• electrical panels, containing electromagnetic communication devices, and separately installed oil switches with electric drive must be mounted on rubber vibration isolators (air disconnectors do not require vibration insulation);
• ventilation devices premises of built-in transformer substations must be equipped with noise suppressors.

To further reduce noise from the built-in transformer substation, it is advisable to treat its ceilings and interior walls sound-absorbing cladding.

In built-in transformer substations protection against electromagnetic radiation must be provided (a mesh made of a special material with grounding to reduce the level of radiation from the electrical component and a steel sheet for the magnetic one).

NOISE FROM ATTACHED BOILER ROOMS,BASEMENT PUMPS AND PIPES

Boiler room equipment (pumps and pipelines, ventilation units, air ducts, gas boilers, etc.) must be vibration-insulated using vibration foundations and soft inserts. Ventilation units are equipped with silencers.

To vibration-isolate pumps located in basements, elevator units in individual heating units (IHP), ventilation units, refrigeration chambers, and the above equipment are installed on vibration foundations. Pipelines and air ducts are vibration-insulated from the house structures, since the predominant noise in apartments located above may not be the basic noise from the equipment in the basement, but that which is transmitted to the enclosing structures through the vibration of pipelines and equipment foundations. It is prohibited to install built-in boiler rooms in residential buildings.

In piping systems connected to the pump, it is necessary to use flexible inserts - rubber-fabric hoses or rubber-fabric hoses reinforced with metal spirals, depending on the hydraulic pressure in a network, 700-900 mm long. If there are pipe sections between the pump and the flexible insert, the sections should be attached to the walls and ceilings of the room on vibration-isolating supports, suspensions or through shock-absorbing pads. Flexible inserts should be located as close as possible to the pumping unit, both on the discharge and suction lines.

To reduce noise and vibration levels in residential buildings from the operation of heat and water supply systems, it is necessary to isolate the distribution pipelines of all systems from the building structures in the places where they pass through the load-bearing structures (entry into residential buildings and conclusions from them). The gap between the pipeline and the foundation at the inlet and outlet must be at least 30 mm.

Prepared based on materials from the journal Sanitary-Epidemiological Interlocutor (No. 1(149), 2015