Borrowed words dictionary examples. Borrowed words in Russian - signs and examples

BORROW

BORROW

Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949-1992 .

See what “BORROW” is in other dictionaries:

See must, extract... Synonym dictionary

BORROW, borrow, borrow, absolutely. and imperfect (book). By imitating, adopt (adopt), draw (draw) from somewhere. We must borrow the latest achievements of Western countries. European technology. The plots of many European fairy tales... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

borrow- Original. Suf. derived from the obsolete loan "loan". Wed. borrowed. See take. Borrow literally “to borrow”... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language

borrow- Old Slavonic - zaim (loan). The word appeared in Russian from Old Church Slavonic. Came into widespread use after the 13th century. both bookish and lofty. Borrow – “to borrow something for a period of time with obligatory return.” Derivatives:… … Semenov Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language

Nesov. and owls trans. 1. Take, receive from somewhere (usually on credit). 2. Adopt, assimilate, imitating someone. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

borrow- borrow, yours, yours... Russian spelling dictionary

borrow- (I), borrow, howl, howl... Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

borrow- Syn: to assimilate, adopt... Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

I blow, I blow; borrowed; van, a, o; St. and nsv. (St. also borrow). What. Having adopted, taken from what l. source, use, master. Z. plot, theme. Z. words from in English. Z. experience economically developed countries. Z. near the West... encyclopedic Dictionary

borrow- borrowing... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

Books

• Steal these ideas! Marketing Secrets the Pros Wish They Don't Tell You, Steve Cone. Collaborating with the most successful companies world, including Citygroup, American Express and Apple, and at the same time advising leading politicians and non-profit organizations, Steve Cone acquired...
• Zeros. Trilogy, Westerfeld Scott. "Zeros" Six teenagers living in one city. Ethan has a voice that helps fulfill all his desires. Kelsey can organize a crowd and control its mood. Blind...

3) There was no more than an hour and a half left before the train departed.

4) The members of the court met him with an expression of deep servility.

10. Name the means of expression used in each of the lines:

(1) But our open bivouac was quiet...

(2) And until dawn you could hear how the Frenchman rejoiced...

(3) A golden cloud spent the night...

(4) What are you howling about, night wind, why are you complaining so madly?

1) metonymy;

2) synecdoche;

3) metaphor;

4) personification

11. Whether the sentence is complex or simple:

Before you answer, think carefully.

Why are there no commas before WHAT and HOW?

The sentence is complex because it has two bases: before you answer and think. THAN does not introduce comparisons, so there is no comma before this word.

Give examples of proverbs about horses

A horse is known in times of grief, and a friend in times of trouble. A skinny horse is a stingy owner. Oats for the horse, and manure for the land. The horse loves oats, and the governor loves the oats. The horse is not a plowman, not a blacksmith, not a carpenter, but the first worker in the village.

Answers to Olympiad tasks in the Russian language.

Impresses - likes; immunity - the body's immunity to disease; preventive – warning, protective; indifferent - indifferent; tolerance - tolerance; exclusive – exceptional, available in one copy; confidential – confidential, secret; orthodox - unswervingly adhering to any teaching, consistent.

Replace the highlighted words with synonymous phraseological units that contain gerunds

Everyone got down to work in unison and diligently.

We sat obediently, listening intently, but not daring to move.

He could work diligently, without sleep, without food.

After thinking, I decided to gallop ahead, hoping to break through. 4 points

Diligently - rolling up your sleeves; listening intently - holding your breath; diligently - tirelessly; all the way - headlong.

5. Write down grammatical terms with the prefixes PRI - and PRE-

Adjective, appendix, prefix, participle, subordinate clause, punctuation marks.

Among the words below, find pairs of etymologically related ones. Which word is missing? Give reasons for your answer.

Uterine, morning, loss, internal, breakfast.

Etymologically related words are: uterine - internal /1 point/ (from the words gut, inside); morning - breakfast /1 point/ (pronounced as zautrak, that is, the food of the morning, tomorrow, the morning of another day. The word loss is not related to one or the other pair.

9. Find and correct errors in sentences. Explain what the error was and what changes you made.

1) Shchedrin’s fairy tales satirically depict not only knowing life landowners and generals, as well as frightened ordinary people.

2) My friend, think about what you want in this life and what you and your loved ones really need.

3) Vozhevatov and Knurov feel superior to the insignificant, in their opinion, Karandyshev.

4) I wanted to reveal as fully as possible the character of Chatsky, a typical representative of noble youth.

9.1) In Shchedrin’s fairy tales, not only landowners and generals who do not know life, but also frightened ordinary people are satirically depicted. The wrong pair of conjunctions was used.

2) My friend, think about what you want in this life and what you and your loved ones really need. Grammar mistake. The verb to want requires a controlled word in the genitive, not the accusative case: want (what?). Conjunctive word what in in this case is an indirect object.

3) Vozhevatov and Knurov feel their superiority over the insignificant, in their opinion, Karandyshev. The word superiority is not used with the preposition before.

4) I wanted to reveal as fully as possible the character of Chatsky, a bright representative of the progressive noble youth. Error in word usage, tautology - the use of words of the same root in one sentence.

1. Apostrophe, boutique, woodcock, religion, caterpillar, dogma is absolutely impossible, shaft, slumber, reserve (storage) and reserve (reserve soldier), sign, spoiled, klala, goats (a seat for the coachman; stand) and goats (plural) . from goat), whooping cough.

Give a reasoned answer to the question.
Are there any borrowed words among these words:

replication, internet, sponsorship, clip art, ufologist?

Among these words there are no borrowed ones, (2 b.) since they all obey the laws of the grammatical system of the Russian language, the rules of word formation and demonstrate the word-formation capabilities of the Russian language. Only the basics are borrowed. (3 points)
Circulation (suffixal) - replicate - from borrowed circulation (French). 1 b
Internet-n-y (suffix) – Internet (English) 1 b
Sponsor-st-o (suffix) – sponsor (English) 1 b
Clip-ov-y (suffixal) – clip (English) 1 b
Ufologist (no suffix) – ufology (English + Greek) 1 b

Give a reasoned answer to the question.
You have 4 offers:
1. It’s finally warm.
2. The room is warm.
3.They greeted us warmly.
4. How warm it is today!

3. In Russian, every significant word, in addition to lexical meaning, also contains grammatical features. In this case, we have four words - functional homonyms, since they relate to different parts of speech:
1- noun (2 points), 2- adjective (2 points), 3- adverb (2 points), 4- state category (2 points).
We need to evaluate positively this answer: we have before us a polysemantic word used in different syntactic functions: 1- subject, 2- definition, 3- circumstance of the manner of action, 4- main member one-part sentence.

6. What linguistic phenomenon is mentioned in V. Vysotsky’s song “Storm”:

We are not talking about storms, but storms -

The words come out short and sweet.

Winds, not winds, drive us crazy,

Uprooting masts from decks. 5 points

The song talks about professional vocabulary(professional jargon) of sailors, non-standard forms of words of the literary language are used.

7. In which sentences is the word “own” superfluous? Find errors.

1. Russian literature has come a long way in its development.

2. Suddenly Sophia loses consciousness.

3. During the summer holidays, he could spend days working on his history.

4. Sometimes the mineral itself records its age.

5. The passer-by took off his hat and bowed.

Superfluous - in sentences 1, 2, 5

Choose the correct phrases from the list provided. In other cases, correct the errors.

title role
bone marrow
procession
shunting diesel locomotive
travel agency
emergency exit
touchy person
elite troops
drama theater
housing issue

The correct phrases are: title role, shunting diesel locomotive, emergency exit, touchy person, housing issue.
Incorrect phrases: bone marrow (correct: bone marrow); religious procession (correct: procession); travel agency (correct: travel agency); elite troops (correct: elite troops, i.e. selected); drama theater (correct: drama theater).

For each phrase - 1 point

2010/2011 SCHOOL YEAR

Municipal stage

Questions and assignments for 11th grade students

1. At the end of the linguistic circle meeting, the moderator asked the question: “Is it possible to write three identical consonants in a word (not a compound abbreviation!), with no other letters between them?” What is your opinion? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer: Possibly; see the spelling of three identical consonants in hyphenated words: kilogram-meter, press service, press secretary, etc.

2. In one document of 1605 we read: “... the one who finishes... receives praise.” Why is someone who finishes something worthy of praise?

Answer: The word finish in ancient times was used in the meaning of ‘to carry out, to bring to the end’, as well as ‘to establish, justify, prove something’ [Dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th-17th centuries. T.4.- P.292]. Therefore, the one who “finished the job” could be worthy of praise.

Maximum: 3 points for the correct answer.

3. As you know, in Russian writing letters are correlated with sounds. In hieroglyphic writing, hieroglyphs correspond to words or morphemes (semantic units of language). Are there elements of hieroglyphic writing in the Russian language? Motivate your answer.

Maximum: 3 points for a correct answer with motivation.

4. How are the words below written (jointly, separately, with a hyphen)?

It was a wondrous miracle that happened at that time, just like in the days of old under Hezekiah the emperors. When the Asurian king Sanahirim came to Jerusalem, although he had sacked the holy city of Jerusalem, an angel of the Lord suddenly came out and killed 185 thousand from the Asurian regiment, and when the morning arose, the corpses were all dead. The same thing happened when Alexandrov defeated, when he defeated the king, he went around the half of the Izzhera River, and went to the passage of Oleksandrov’s regiment, where he saw a lot of people beaten by the angel of the Lord. The remains of them were closer, and the corpses of their mortals were swept away by the ship and sunk into the sea. Prince Alexander returned in victory, praising and glorifying the name of his creator.

There was a wondrous miracle at that time, as in the days of old under Hezekiah the king. When Senacharim, the king of Assyria, came to Jerusalem, wanting to conquer the holy city of Jerusalem, an angel of the Lord suddenly appeared and killed one hundred and eighty-five thousand of the Assyrian army, and when they got up in the morning, they found only dead corpses. This was the case after Alexandrov’s victory: when he defeated the king, on the opposite side of the Izhora River, where Alexandrov’s regiments could not pass, here they found a countless number of those killed by the angel of the Lord. Those who remained fled, and the corpses of their dead soldiers were thrown into ships and sank them into the sea. Prince Alexander returned in victory, praising and glorifying the name of his creator.

[Monuments of literature Ancient Rus': XIII century / comp. and general ed. , . – M.: Fiction, 1981. – 616 p. (pp. 430-433)]

Maximum: 7 points.

10. Place punctuation marks in the text.

The ship arrived exactly on schedule, docked minute by minute and everyone who was supposed to meet it was in their places, dockside employees, loaders, postmen medical workers policemen, kiosks selling postcards, souvenirs and some implausible publications on rare and special branches of knowledge that ended up for some unknown reason on a deserted island behind the dock buildings, a flower bed with roses and carnations, trimmed bushes and a huge boulder from the Ice Age were already on duty over the gnarled roots laid out on newspaper sheets, the most unfortunate of the past wars dragged from the monastery of what was once the largest shelter for disabled people. Now the monastery is almost empty and the last of its inhabitants living there were subject to transfer to a new and the best place. The roots, proudly called Bogoyar ginseng, did not have any healing or rejuvenating properties, but like the Far Eastern miracle of nature, they resembled ugly mysterious men in shape and were in demand among tourists (Yu. Nagibin. Bogoyar).

The ship arrived exactly on schedule, docked minute by minute, and everyone who was supposed to meet it was in their places: dock employees, loaders, postmen, medical workers, police officers, kiosks selling postcards, souvenirs and some implausible publications. rare and special branches of knowledge that ended up on a deserted island for some unknown reason; behind the dock buildings, a flower bed with roses and carnations, trimmed bushes and a huge boulder from the Ice Age, the most unfortunate people of the past war, dragged from the monastery, once the largest shelter for disabled people, were already on duty over the gnarled roots laid out on newspaper sheets. Now the monastery is almost empty, and the last inhabitants living there were to be transferred to a new and better place. The roots, proudly called Bogoyar ginseng, did not have any healing or rejuvenating properties, but, like the Far Eastern miracle of nature, they resembled ugly mysterious men in shape and were in demand among tourists (Yu. Nagibin. Bogoyar).

Maximum: 6 points.

11. Determine the biographies of which linguist scientists include the facts listed below.

1). "<…> <…>. His work “Thought and Language” had a huge influence on the development of Russian linguistics.<…>" [Russian language. 9th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2001].

2). "<…> <…> <…>He created a new direction in linguistics - the science of the language of fiction" [Russian language. 5th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 6th ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2000].

3). "<…>In his works on comparative historical linguistics, he created the doctrine of the grammatical form of words.<…>was a professor at Moscow University, the founder of the Moscow linguistic school" [Russian language. 8th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2000].

4). "<…> <…>All his life he studied living Russian speech, paying a lot of attention to spelling.<…> <…>" [Russian language. 7th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 5th ed., rev. and additional - M.: Bustard, 2001].

1. , 2. , 3. , 4.

12. Express (in the form of a mini-essay) your attitude to the statements below.

Language is not always able to express what the eye sees (F. Cooper).

There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact statement in our language (K. Paustovsky).

Maximum: 15 points.

TOTAL: 58 points.

ALL-RUSSIAN OLYMPIAD FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2010/2011 SCHOOL YEAR

Municipal stage

Questions and assignments for 10th grade students

1. Write down words in which all consonant sounds are unvoiced: tale, fold, groan, congress, learn, sliver.

Answer: fairy tale, learn, sliver.

Maximum: 3 points. 0.5 points for each correctly characterized word.

2. As you know, in Russian writing letters are correlated with sounds. In hieroglyphic writing, hieroglyphs correspond to words or morphemes (semantic units of language). Are there elements of hieroglyphic writing in the Russian language? Motivate your answer.

Maximum: 3 points. 1 point for the correct answer, 2 points for motivation.

(China) urban, (Moscow) Retsky, (ultra) sound, (five) storey, (dim) green, (Jules) Vernovsky, (van) Gogh, (C) major, (relatively) fast, (milk) livestock, (Robin) Hoodsky, (Charlie) Chaplinsky.

Answer: Kitaygorodsky, Moskvoretsky, ultrasonic, five-story, dim green, Jules Verne, Vangogovsky, C major, relatively fast, dairy-animal breeding, Robinhood, Charlie Chaplin

4. Are the words October and Octavian etymologically related? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer: Yes, they are. Both October and Octavian go back to a Latin word meaning ‘eight, eighth’.

Maximum: 3 points for a correct answer with motivation.

5. Form adjectives from these nouns: 1) verst, 2) mile, 3) fathom.

Answer: 1) verstovy and verstny, 2) the adjective is not formed, 3) sazhen (sazheny).

Maximum: 2 points. 0.5 points for the correct answer

6. Form genitive plural forms from the following nouns:

1) Armenian, 2) knee socks, 3) long johns, 4) skittles, 5) towel, 6) tomato, 7) reading room.

1) Armenian – Armenians

2) golfs – golfs

3) underpants – underpants

4) skittles - skittles

5) towel – towels

6) tomato - tomatoes

7) reading room - reading room

Maximum: 3.5 points. 0.5 points for the correct answer

7. A student writes: “In Russian, from one verb can be formed from one to five participles. One participle is formed from perfective verbs. For example, from the verb to catch a cold, only one participle is formed: caught a cold. And from the verb to punish we can form five participles: punishing, punishing, punished, punished, punished. All these participles have different grammatical characteristics.”

Is everything correct in the student’s reasoning? Justify your answer.

No, not all.

1) One participle is formed not simply from perfective verbs, but from intransitive perfective verbs. From transitive verbs of the perfect form two participles are formed: pripechat - prpechativ, prpechativ.

2) Five participial forms cannot be formed from one verb. Maximum amount- four.

3) The participle punished is formed from the verb to punish, and not from the verb to punish. The student did not take into account the aspect of the verb.

4) Punished and punished are variants of the passive participle of the present tense; there are no grammatical differences between them.

Maximum: 5 points. 1 point for correct answer, 4 points for justification.

8. Translate an excerpt from “The Tale of the Indian Kingdom” into modern Russian literary language.

I have land, and in it there are people, their eyes are in their foreheads. I have a plate of gold, and in it there is a righteous mirror, worth 4 pillars of gold. Whoever looks into the mirror sees his own sins, which he has committed since his youth. Near both of them there was a mirror. Even if you think evil against your ruler, otherwise in that mirror his face is visible, as if it were not alive. And whoever thinks good about his Lord, his face is visible in a mirror, like the sun. And in my yard there are 150 churches, some created by God, and others by human hands.

I have a land, and in it there are people whose eyes are in their foreheads. I have a golden chamber, and in it is a truthful mirror; it stands on four golden pillars. Whoever looks in the mirror sees his sins, which he has committed since his youth. Near that mirror there is another glass mirror. If someone thinks evil against his master, then his face in that mirror looks pale, as if lifeless. And whoever thinks well of his master, his face in the mirror shines like the sun. And in my palace there are one hundred and fifty churches; some were created by God, and others by human hands.

[Monuments of literature of Ancient Rus': XIII century / comp. and general ed. , . – M.: Fiction, 1981. – 616 p. (pp. 472-473)]

Maximum: 7 points.

9. Place punctuation marks in the sentence. What punctuation mark is possible instead of the highlighted dash in accordance with current standards punctuation? Explain your answer.

Having admitted cowardice - moving his cloak, the procurator left him and ran around the balcony, either rubbing his hands, then running up to the table and grabbing the bowl, then stopping and starting to look senselessly at the mosaic of the floor as if trying to read some kind of writing in it (M. Bulgakov. “The Master and Margarita").

Having admitted cowardice - moving his cloak, the procurator left it and ran around the balcony, now rubbing his hands, now running up to the table and grabbing the bowl, now stopping and starting to look senselessly at the mosaic of the floor, as if trying to read some kind of writing in it.

It is possible to place a colon in place of the highlighted dash, since “moving the cloak” can be interpreted as a clarification (you can insert “namely”).

Maximum: 4 points.

10. Determine the biographies of which linguist scientists include the facts listed below.

1). "<…>Head of the Kharkov Linguistic School, Professor at Kharkov University<…>. His work “Thought and Language” had a huge influence on the development of Russian linguistics.<…>" [Russian language. 9th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2001].

2). "<…>He studied Russian grammar and developed the stylistics of the Russian language.<…>He wrote a wonderful book “Russian Language. Grammatical doctrine of the word."<…>He created a new direction in linguistics - the science of language fiction" [Russian language. 5th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 6th ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2000].

3). "<…>In his works on comparative historical linguistics, he created the doctrine of the grammatical form of words.<…>was a professor at Moscow University, the founder of the Moscow linguistic school" [Russian language. 8th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2000].

4). "<…>He is best known as one of the creators and editor-in-chief of the four-volume Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language.<…>All his life he studied living Russian speech, paying a lot of attention to spelling.<…>theoretically developed and actively promoted the basics of correct Russian pronunciation<…>" [Russian language. 7th grade: textbook / ed. , .- 5th ed., rev. and additional - M.: Bustard, 2001].

1. , 2. , 3. , 4.

Maximum: 6 points. 1.5 points for the correct answer.

11. Write a mini-essay, the epigraph of which could be the statement below.

In addition to spirit, constant rules, language also has whims that are ridiculous to resist (V. Belinsky).

Maximum: 15 points.

TOTAL: 54.5 points.

ALL-RUSSIAN OLYMPIAD FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2010/2011 SCHOOL YEAR

Municipal stage

Questions and assignments for 9th grade students

1. Write down words in which all consonant sounds are soft: live, nurse, drink, chain, thicket, width.

Answer: nurse, drink, thicket.

Maximum: 3 points. 0.5 points for the correct answer

2. Explain the reason for spelling errors in the following words: disinfection, disinformation, counter-play, extremely elegant.

Answer: Hard consonants are pronounced at the end of these prefixes. Therefore, in accordance with the norms of Russian spelling, [s] are pronounced after them instead of [and], which became the cause of spelling errors.

Maximum: 2 points.

3. How are the words below written (jointly, separately, with a hyphen)?

Rip (head), burn (color), (super)man, (false) science, (for) husband, (at) errands, side (about) side, trace (in) trace, two (for) two, cross ( crosswise), rank (by) rank, (for) in vain.

Daredevil, adonis, superman, pseudoscience, married, running errands, side by side, trail after trail, two by two, criss-cross, rank after rank, in vain.

Maximum: 3 points. 0.25 points for each correct spelling.

A foreign language element transferred from one language to another. Most often words are borrowed, less often phraseological units, word-forming morphemes, and syntactic constructions are borrowed. Language is always the result of direct or indirect language contact in the oral or written sphere. At the morphemic level, there is borrowing of word-forming affixes - prefixes ( arch-, anti-, hyper-, super- etc.) and suffixes ( -ism, -ist, -as much etc.), while the borrowing of inflectional morphemes can occur only in exceptional cases. Lexical units are most often borrowed, and phraseological units are borrowed less often.

When borrowing lexical units, they are phonetically grammatical acquisition in the recipient language.

From the point of view of the degree of mastery, lexical words are divided into:

1) “foreign language vocabulary”, which includes borrowed words that are fully adapted (phonetically, grammatically, semantically) to the system of the borrowing language, which are modern stage are no longer perceived as foreign elements (Greek. lamp, german prince, Turks. horse);

2) “foreign words” that retain some specific features in sound (uncharacteristic combinations of phonemes), morphological appearance ( lard, aorta, marketing), in semantics.

The latter includes “non-equivalent vocabulary”, i.e. words in the meaning of which pronounced semantic components are preserved, marking them as foreign lexical units: exoticisms (names of the realities of a foreign culture and way of life hajj, church) and barbarisms, which are the least mastered lexical units (up to the preservation of the graphics of the source language, for example, an article in “ Daily News"), differing from foreign language inclusions in the relative regularity of their use. The nature of the penetration of borrowings is varied: words are borrowed orally and/or written; from living or dead languages; directly from the source language (direct borrowings) or indirectly, i.e. through the intermediary language(s); into various varieties of language - into literary language, into terminology, territorial dialects, jargons.

Depending on the prevailing traditions that have developed in a given language, preference may be given to direct borrowing or tracing. The choice of source language(s) and the path of penetration of borrowings into certain forms of existence of a given language is determined by the characteristics of cultural, political and economic contacts, as well as ideological social attitudes. Thus, for ideological reasons, in the Old Russian period and later (X-XVI centuries), almost exclusively Greek words (but not Latin and not from Eastern languages) were borrowed and translated in writing, while orally (from the XII-XIII centuries. ) a large number of Turkic words came into the language. The Peter the Great era (the time of the “lexical explosion”) is characterized by multichannel borrowing: that is, abundant borrowings came simultaneously from many sources - the living languages ​​of Europe (directly and indirectly), from Latin - into various spheres of vocabulary (in common use, scientific, etc.) ; Moreover, the choice of language and sphere of communication during contact was determined by extralinguistic factors. Direct borrowings, structural tracings, semi-calques and semantic tracings of words and tracing of phraseological units represent different kinds borrowings.

 direct Z. - a foreign language word or phraseological phrase that has entered the new language system while maintaining its basic sound features: film (English) film), alma mater (Latin. Alta Tater)

 structural tracings and half tracings(lexical) are a morphemic full or partial translation of a borrowed word: particle (calque from Latin. particyla), pronomen ("pronoun", lit. "instead of a name"- tracing paper from Russian. to Kabard. language).

 phraseological tracing papers- word-by-word translation of the phraseological phrase: blue stocking (eng. blue stocking)

 semantic tracing paper- borrowing one of the meanings of a given word, as a result of which its new lexical-semantic variant appears (development of polysemy): picture “movie picture” (cf. the meaning of the word ruidge in English), mouse “device for remote control computer cursor" (cf. English shoise). "original vocabulary and phraseology, original morphemes

See also: Non-equivalent vocabulary, Interspersions, International vocabulary, Interference, Regionalism, Exoticisms, Language contacts

There are a lot of borrowed words in the Russian language, for example: online, bulldozer, latte, etc. The reason for this was evolution and technological progress.

There is too much technology in the world; the words of the Russian language are not enough to give a name to each object.

This article will help you find out all the most important information about borrowed words of the Russian language.

What words are borrowed

Borrowed words are foreign words that have found their way into the Russian language. Since ancient times, native Russian and borrowed words have been distinguished in the vocabulary of the Russian language.

The very name “Borrowed” is telling, because you can immediately understand its meaning by turning to different forms this word: “Borrowed”, “Borrow”. Those. taken from outside.

Examples of loanwords

From English:

1. Business is a business, an occupation.
2. A blogger is a person who keeps his own video diary and posts it online.
3. Gameplay - gameplay.
4. Price list – a list of prices for the services provided.
5. Parking is a place to stop transport.
6. Diving is the process of swimming underwater.
7. Cupcake is a cake.
8. Foreign - international.

From Dutch:

1. Apricot is an edible fruit.
2. The exchange is a company.
3. A dinghy is a small boat.
4. A sailor is a ship worker.
5. Fleet is an association of objects.

From Arabic:

1. Store - warehouse.
2. Admiral is the ruler of the sea.
3. Robe - outfit.

From French:

1. A lampshade is part of a lamp.
2. Apricot is an edible fruit.
3. Absurdity - absurdity, nonsense.
4. Bus is a type of public transport.

From Ancient Greek:

1. An atheist is a person who does not believe in God.
2. Comedy is an entertaining performance.
3. A telephone is a device for communicating at a distance.
4. Tragedy is misfortune, grief.
5. A bank is a place where money is kept.
6. Photo - snapshot, picture.

From Spanish:

1. Canyon - gorge.
2. Machete – sword, knife.
3. Macho is a man.
4. Sambo is wrestling.

From Italian:

1. Vermicelli is food.
2. Tomato is a vegetable.
3. Paparazzi are annoying people.

From Latin:

1. – heaviness.
2. An oval is a geometric figure.
3. Incentive – motivation to achieve a goal.
4. A saucepan is a utensil for cooking.

From Persian:

1. Shish kebab is food fried over a fire.
2. A suitcase is a place for storing and transporting things.
3. Bydlo – arrogant man, livestock

From German:

1. A mug is a bowl.
2. The camp is a storage facility.
3. The market is a place for trade.
4. A barrier is a partition.
5. State - state.
6. An apron is a front scarf.

Dictionary of loanwords

Words taken from another speech, another culture significantly complement their native speech, although the Russian language is rich in synonyms and antonyms like no other. It is not always appropriate to use foreign words, although there is a tendency to replace native Russian words with foreign ones.

A person who has a rich selection of vocabulary in his native language has an undeniable advantage over others, he can understand literature written centuries ago, his speech is rich, his conversation is multifaceted, a letter or essay is read with ease and great interest.

Here are just a few examples of foreign words that have analogues in Russian:

• absolute (from Latin) - perfect;
• topical (from lat.) - topical;
• dimensions (from French) - dimensions;
• debate (from French) - debate;
• dialogue (from Greek) - interview;
• image (from lat.) - image, appearance;
• competition (from lat.) - rivalry;
• adjustments (from Latin) - amendments, etc.

If you want to find out detailed information about the origin and definition of the word, you can look in any etymological dictionary. Such resources are available online on many sites.

Original Russian and borrowed words - what is the difference

There are quite a few signs by which one can distinguish native Russian words from foreign ones. We bring to your attention a table where the signs of non-Russian words are collected, an explanation is given and relevant examples are given.

Table of signs of borrowed words in Russian

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is worth saying that a lot of words used in the Russian language come from different languages. Without borrowed words, Russian speech would be incomplete; it would be difficult to formulate thoughts in language.

That is why foreign words were added to the Russian language: absolute, modern, soldier, online, international, hotel, original, opposition, chips, jam, cracker, personal, passive, parking, nuance, negative, natural, radical, revision, implement, result, regression, progress, secret, service, situation, stress, structure, sphere and so on.