Fire hatches: types, characteristics, types of fire resistance. Fire hatch to the attic Fire hatch with ladder

In fact, metal fire-resistant hatches are the same, only smaller in size - on average, fireproof hatches have dimensions from 500x700 mm to 900x1100 mm for the construction opening.

They are most often installed when there is no technical feasibility install or it is impractical, for example, there is a need to install the structure in the ceiling or floor.

Contrary to popular misconception, the requirements for fire doors are not regulated by a separate GOST, for the simple reason that GOST requirements for the manufacture of fire doors (including hatches) DO NOT EXIST in nature.

By, they mean only methods for testing doors for fire resistance according to state standard, but not more.

However, despite all the similarities with metal PDs, CVLs have some distinctive features.

Installation Features

According to the type of installation, hatches are divided into:

• Wall– from the name, it is clear that the products are installed in the walls, they are thinner door leaf and boxes, because are not subject to constant load;
• Ceiling (attic)– are installed in the ceiling and lead, as a rule, to the attic or to the roof (roof) of the building. Such hatches must be equipped with vertical or inclined ladders;
• Floor– installed in the floor, and most often lead to basements for various purposes. These types of products are manufactured using reinforced boxes and canvas (up to 2 mm thick), because can be subject to significant load (you can walk on them).

Installation of ceiling and floor hatches is only permissible with hinges facing outward, i.e. so that it opens upward, their box can only be corner.

Canvas

The metal door leaf LPM, like the door leaf DPM, is made of steel with a thickness of 0.8 mm to 2 mm, depending on the purpose and fire resistance.

For example, floor fire hatches must be stronger than wall hatches, because... they can be walked on, which means the thickness of the floor door leaf will be higher. The same applies to fire resistance - the higher its limit, the thicker the door leaf.

The LPM door leaf is filled with mineral wool (mineral board); some manufacturers, along with mineral wool, install fire-resistant boards impregnated fire retardant composition.

The final finishing of the canvas is done by painting according to the RAL scale or, less commonly, finished with veneer, film or with imitation under stainless steel or tree.

Since LPMs are usually used as ordinary technical hatches, for finishing, the simplest RAL coloring (usually white or gray) is most often used.

Weight 1 square meter door leaf LPM, is approximately 35-40 kg, this value depends on the thickness of the steel sheet. Thus, a fire-resistant hatch measuring 600x800 will weigh about 55-65 kilograms.

The LPM canvas is glazed, as a rule, in very rare cases by special order; in the standard version, hatches are not glazed.

LPMs are most often single-field, although depending on the purpose of the hatch, they can also be double-field, but much less frequently.

Box

The door frame (frame) of fire hatches, in contrast to the DPM frame, is most often angular, less often end or female.

Along the perimeter door frame, like the DPM, a thermosetting seal and a regular rubber seal are glued together.

Like CSA, hatches can be “cold” - for installation inside or “warm” for installation outside the room.

Closers

I would like to immediately note that closers for fire hatches are installed in additional equipment. A door closer is not installed as standard.

Unlike fire doors and gates, where a closer must be installed, fire hatches do not require a closer.

According to the technical regulations, only those fire hatches that can be used in open position, must be equipped with devices that ensure automatic closing of the hatch during a fire.

Since most CVLs are used in a closed state, manufacturers of fire hatches install a closer, most often optionally; a closer, as a rule, is not included in the standard package.

Locks, handles and hinges

Fire hatches are usually equipped with latches, often with the ability to open only on one side. But depending on the purpose of the hatch, it can be equipped with a lock that can be closed on both sides, as well as two handles (one on each side) with the ability to open it on both sides.

For CVL, like for PDM, fire-resistant (fireproof) materials are used door locks that do not jam during a fire. If necessary, the grooves for the lock are treated with a fire retardant compound or covered with a thermosetting sealant.

Handles for CVL are made, as a rule, in a standard push version with a plastic coating and a steel core. At the request of the customer and the possibility of the manufacturer, the canvas can be equipped with an anti-panic system.

For CVL, standard loops are used for metal doors.

Types of fire resistance

Fire hatches, according to the technical regulations, belong to the same type of filling of openings in fire barriers as fire doors and tested for fire resistance using the same method. This means that all designations of fire resistance limits for fire doors are also valid in relation to CVL.

Thus, according to table 24 Technical Regulations(Federal Law No. 123) a fire hatch can be:

• 1st type = LPM 01 60 = LPM EI 60;
• 2nd type = LPM 02 30 = LPM EI 30;
• Type 3 = CVL 03 15 = CVL EI 15 (in practice, such CVLs are practically never produced; they mainly produce EI 30 and EI 60).

There are also products with higher fire resistance limits up to EI 120, but in practice such hatches are used only on complex (from the point of view of fire safety) facilities with the presence of explosive and flammable materials. Such designs are most often made to order.

The standard version produces hatches with fire resistance limits of EI 30 and EI 60. If for any reason you doubt what type (limit) of fire resistance to install a fire hatch in your specific situation, then in most cases, the product of the 1st will most likely suit you type (EI 60), size not less than 600×800 mm. The only exceptions are premises with fire and explosive materials and work.

Prices

On average, the price for fire hatches ranges from 5,000 rubles for a product measuring 500×700, fire resistance EI 30 – up to 9,000 rubles for a CVL measuring 900×1100, fire resistance EI 60.

As in the case of fire doors, the price of the LPM largely depends on the type of hatch configuration - the higher the quality of materials and finishing, the more expensive the entire structure will be.

Certificate of conformity

According to Federal Law No. 123, fire hatches MUST have a certificate of compliance (fire certificate) with fire safety requirements.

Issued based on the results of similar procedures that all fire doors, gates, curtains and curtains undergo to obtain it.

Installation locations

The most common places for installing CVLs include:

• Exits to the roof (roof) and attic of buildings/structures;
• Fire niches and vestibules;
• Elevator and ventilation shafts;
• Electrical and equipment rooms;
• Warehouse and production facilities (especially with flammable materials);
• Basement and utility rooms.

To install fire hatches, organizations or individual entrepreneurs, who have the appropriate license for the installation of fire doors (including LPM) issued by the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Fireproof metal hatches in Moscow and the Moscow region. Delivery and installation! LOW PRICES for hatches, favorable conditions!

Metal fire hatches allow you to protect not only doorways, but also other objects in various rooms in the event of a fire. Their main difference is their size - hatches are usually smaller in size than doors, and can be square or rectangular in shape. In this case, fire-fighting models can be placed both vertically, for example, to access the roof, and horizontally. The latter include floor options for communication with cellars and basements.

Types of fire hatches:

• 1 type The most secure version of the product. It belongs to the fire protection class EI-60, which allows the canvas to hold back the onslaught of fire for an hour.
• Type 2 Fire hatches of the 2nd type have a class EI-30, their resistance is designed for half an hour without causing structural deformation.
• Type 3 The fire resistance limit of these products is 15 minutes, which allows us to classify such hatches as class EI-15. This is the most low level resistance among those available.

Fire models of all described types can be used both to equip the passage to the roof and to protect basements. Products of this type have ample opportunities on the choice of coloring and equipping with various fittings. It is also worth noting that attic options can be additionally equipped folding stairs for ease of use.

Often hatches are equipped with a fireproof glass insert. This increases their fire-fighting properties, as it makes it possible to inspect the room and assess the seriousness of the situation without going inside. Also, the “Anti-panic” system is often used to equip hatches to ensure their free opening in the event of emergency situation.

Buying a fire hatch from the Stal-Stroy Techno company is profitable (since we offer affordable prices from the manufacturer) and convenient (after all, we provide comfortable conditions service). Here you can choose suitable options in the attic and for the cellar. By the way, we create not only fireproof hatches, but also doors

Why do we need fire hatches with access to the attic? In case of fire it is formed a large number of hot air and smoke. Fire can block an escape route, and often the attic - the only place where you can hide. A fireproof hatch is installed in the attic opening. A fire hatch differs from a fire-resistant door only in size. The hatch has dimensions of 0.6 by 0.8 m. Most often, the hatch has square shape. Through the hole in the attic, you can quickly get to the attic using a ladder.

Attic hatch installation

Fireproof hatches are installed in buildings with attics higher than 9 m. In more low buildings their installation is desirable for fire safety. Hatches can be mounted in horizontal and vertical planes or to block access to ventilation and elevator shafts. The hatches are installed with the hinges facing upwards, and the sash also opens upwards. Installation is carried out with minimal gaps, filling the cracks with polyurethane foam.

The basis of the product is a frame bent from sheet steel into a profile. The sash is also made from metal sheets. The internal cavity contains non-combustible material. At high temperatures it doesn't collapse long time and does not let hot air into the adjacent room. In normal times, the filler serves as thermal insulation, preventing the rooms from cooling down. A seal is laid around the perimeter of the hatch. In addition, the hatch is equipped with thermoactive tape. When heated, it will release foam, which will fill the cracks of the structure. The sash closes hermetically. The hatch will serve as a barrier to smoke and fire. Its fire resistance limit must be at least 30 minutes.

At the STROYSTALINVEST company you can buy fire hatches with a fire resistance of 60 minutes.

Order attic hatches directly from the manufacturer - we offer production to individual sizes, professional installation according to SNiP standards.

Models of fire hatches from STROYSTALINVEST

Primer coating

Fire hatch modification L003

Price: 8,400 rub.

• Powder coating

  Fire hatch modification L005

  Price: 7,000 rub.

• Primer coating

  Fire hatch modification L007

  Price: 14,700 rub.

• 

  Primer coating

  Fire hatch modification L001

  Price: 4,900 rub.

• Hatch installation locations:

  

  The hatch flap opens manually or using electromechanical devices. Hatches can be used to ventilate the room, as well as ventilate escape routes and corridors. There are no special requirements for attic hatches. Them the same as fire doors are tested for fire resistance in accordance with GOST.

  Attic hatches from the STROYSTALINVEST plant

  The STROYSTALINVEST company produces hatches standard size 0.7 by 0.7 m. It is also possible to manufacture products according to individual sizes. Cold rolled steel 1.5 mm thick is used. The thickness of the box is 84 mm. The sash is attached to the frame with hinges with sealed bearings with a diameter of 20 mm. A NEMEF lock is installed in the door leaf. The hatches are distinguished by a durable frame, double sheet, fire safety and a modern external coating that protects the metal from corrosion. The hatches are easy to use and have a fire resistance rating of 60 minutes, which is confirmed during testing. All hatches are equipped with marking plates. Each product is accompanied by a passport.

Unfortunately, private houses are in the first risk group in terms of fire safety. The reason for this is the common material for construction - wood.

Protecting the lives of households in the event of a disaster is the most important task that can be accomplished design features Houses. One of them is fireproof hatches in the attic. If there is a threat of smoke or impossibility of access to rescue exits, this is The best decision in an emergency.

Fire hatch - how to install it yourself

The simplicity of the design - a metal frame sealed around the perimeter with non-flammable material and a steel door with automatic latching - also implies ease of installation. As a rule, such access to the attic is additionally equipped with a retractable staircase.

However, considering poor compatibility wood and metal, you will have to carry out a series preparatory work, protecting the natural structure from negative influences steel, or, more precisely, the consequences of its use. So, how to install a fire hatch leading to the attic - instructions for home craftsmen:

• First you need to choose the right factory design. You need to contact specialized companies related to fire safety products.

Specialists will offer the required options. Of these, those that best suit the technical regulations are selected:

• Fire resistance limit from 30 – 60 minutes.
• Steel thickness is from 0.8 – 2 mm. The coating can be specially selected to match the interior, so as not to create dissonance. Models covered with powder paint, like expensive metal doors.
• The box is equipped with a non-flammable thermosetting seal, which, when heated, expands and blocks access to smoke and flame. In quiet times, such a seal will not give drafts the slightest chance - this is especially true if attic space not heated.
• Inside the canvas are mineral wool or fire resistant boards. It is worth regularly monitoring the quality of the insulation - cotton mats can cake, then they need to be replaced, otherwise metal structure will become a bridge of cold.
• Closers, handles, locks and other fittings must withstand open flame and not heat up, thereby making it impossible to use. It is possible to install an anti-panic system - a wide handrail with automatic opening and closing.
• As for the issue of parameters - length and width, the fire hatch for the attic can have individual dimensions. You need to proceed from the fact that an adult can easily get into the under-roof space and what kind of staircase will be involved in this. The optimal rectangular shape is 1200 mm × 700 mm.

Separately purchased material for laying between wood and metal box. Well, the corresponding tool is a screwdriver, Circular Saw, fasteners

• Next, markings. Contours should be outlined with allowances of 5-6 cm more exact dimensions. Such gaps will serve as compensation for the continuous shrinkage of the house, which can jam even metal and at the same time crack under its resistance.

It is enough to drive in four nails or fix the screws in such a way that the tip comes out on the other side. There is no need to outline contours on two surfaces at once and then adjust what is needed - then curvature cannot be avoided.

• Then, the freed wood is removed and the resulting hole is put in order. What does it mean?

Like cutting window opening, and the hatch, square or rectangle is processed protective compounds for damage, grooves are selected on opposite sides and sealed with jute. The bare wood is previously covered with a vapor barrier.

• Now they are constructing the box - the fire hatches to the attic are first disassembled into their component parts. A beam with a cross section of 50 mm is installed in the selected groove. You can add a few small blocks under short slats– the resulting expansion gaps must be foamed with a mounting substance.

Then the long parts of the box are attached, followed by the short ones. You should not screw the box tightly - shrinkage will go more smoothly if there are no obstacles to it.

• Next, install the hinges and screw the door, having previously attached fittings to it - a handle or an anti-panic system. All that remains is to foam the expansion gaps and carefully cut off the sloppy protrusions. After this, decorative trims are fixed.

The entire structure is checked by repeated opening and closing, all interfaces and mechanical parts are immediately lubricated. To do this, use silicone grease - it will prevent moisture from penetrating into the moving parts in case of condensation. The material needs to be constantly updated.

The hatch is ready. However, to reach the attic space you will need a ladder. It can be folded, placed on the hatch door, so that in case of danger it can be quickly brought into working condition.

But not to shy away from design and interior wooden house You can make a twisted or straight design. How – more on that below.

Making a simple wooden staircase leading to the attic

Will be needed following materials and tools:

• Support beam 150 mm wide and up to 5 cm thick – 2 pcs.
• The steps are 2.5 cm thick, the number depends on the height of the ceilings and the roll of 45⁰.
• Fasteners - self-tapping screws, anchors.
• Varnishes or other glazing compounds.

The appearance of such a structure will be determined by the steps, so you need to work hard on creating them. They can be asymmetrical protrusions, oval or pedal-shaped.

They are pre-drilled in the right places for fastening, processed and varnished, but they cannot be made slippery. There are special overlays that are glued to the surface of the wood and thereby prevent misfortune. Branded models are equipped with special notches.

The fastening of steps has its own rules - the distance from one to another does not exceed 19 cm. Each step should be fixed in two places to prevent unnecessary load on the area.

For work and beauty appearance use anchors made of yellow metal - a shade similar or close to wood. Install the steps strictly parallel to the floor.

The supports should be installed so that in the event of an emergency, they will not budge even under a load of 150 kg - the optimal weight that a home-made ladder must bear. The ends should not rest directly on the fire hatch of the attic exit - they should be secured to the ceiling. They, like all wood, must be processed and, in order not to deviate from the intended interior, varnished.

Railings or other barriers on attic stairs, resting on the fire hatch to the attic, should not be pretentious or too bulky. They are created only for the convenience of use by elderly people or children. In case of an emergency, they will speed up the ascent process. The railing supports are fastened frequently - every two pairs of steps.

The rescue of drowning people is the work of the drowning people themselves. This catchphrase fully refers to ensuring own safety. The main threat wooden house is still fire.