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White blood cells are called leukocytes. Their main task is to protect the body from pathogens and suppress infections. Leukocytes penetrate tissues and absorb foreign particles. When this process is very active, the blood cells also die and are excreted along with the urine.

Determination methods

In order to examine leukocytes in urine, you need to do a general analysis, microscopy of thin smears of sediment, which are stained using the Romanovsky-Giemsa method. The latter method makes it possible to find out the nature of leukocyturia and distinguish neutrophils from lymphocytes.

Special stress tests are done to detect white blood cells in the urine. This is necessary to identify hidden chronic pyelonephritis in the body. A popular test is the prednisolone modification of Yu. A. Pytel (leukocytes increase in the urine after 30 mg of prednisolone is administered intramuscularly). The test will be positive if, an hour after administration of the drug, leukocyturia increases three or more times, and osmotically active leukocytes appear.

To distinguish leukocyturia of renal origin from inflammation of the lower parts of the urinary system, you need to use a test that examines two or three portions of urine. As for morning urine, it is collected in two (three) containers:

• the first portion consists of the first stream and contains 10–15 ml of urine;
• the second is the average portion of urine;
• the third contains the last urine, approximately 15–20 ml.

If the sample consists of two portions, then the middle portion does not need to be collected. A urine test from the first glass reveals leukocyturia associated with damage to the urethra; from the second and third - with pathology Bladder; leukocytes in all portions indicate inflammation in the kidneys.

Norms of leukocytes in urine

The norm of leukocytes in urine for a man should be in the range of 0–3, and for adult woman- 0–5. If the urine contains more than 5-6 leukocytes in the field of view, this indicates a disease of the urinary tract and kidneys.

If the upper threshold of normal is exceeded by 20–40 units, then this indicates the presence of a slight inflammatory process in the body. It may also be one of the symptoms of an allergic reaction, helminthic infestations, genital infection, or an atypical reaction to medications.

Read also: How dangerous is the formation of stones in the ureter?

If the number of white cells in the urine is more than 50, but less than 100, then such an increase indicates a moderate inflammatory process. If elevated white blood cells in the urine are more than 100 per field of view, this indicates severe kidney inflammation. Urine contains pus.

Reasons for the increase

The level of leukocytes in the urine of women during pregnancy increases. During this period, the urine may contain an increased number of white blood cells as a result of an infection in the vagina. In addition, protein levels also increase. When these indicators increase very quickly according to test results or other symptoms appear, you should definitely consult a doctor to prevent bladder infection.

In children

In collected morning urine, analysis can show up to 2–4 units of leukocytes in boys, and up to 5 in girls. If leukocytes in a child’s urine increase, especially for girls and adolescents, this does not necessarily indicate inflammation of the genitourinary system.

The reason may be ignoring the rules of personal hygiene or inflammation of the tissues that are adjacent to the external genitalia, for example, with diaper rash.

The main reasons why white blood cells increase in children are:

• failure to comply with hygiene rules when collecting analysis or using a dirty container to take the analysis;
• the presence of chronic or acute pyelonephritis;
• in girls - vulvitis (inflammation of the external genitalia);
• enterobiasis;
• chronic or acute form of cystitis;
• urethritis;
• intertrigo.

Treatment

The method of treatment depends on the underlying disease. Antibiotics are most often prescribed to fight infections. When a person has cystitis, antibiotics will not always be effective, like some other medications. The symptoms of this disease disappear within a few days, and home remedies can be used for faster recovery. After recovery, the level of leukocytes in the urine becomes normal, which is confirmed by laboratory tests.

Elevated leukocytes in urine in women is a symptom dangerous pathologies. The condition indicates possible diseases genitourinary system and general problems in the body. To identify the problem, it is necessary to undergo a series of laboratory and biochemical tests. At early diagnosis disease, you can quickly get rid of unpleasant symptoms and avoid the development of chronic forms of pathology.

What are leukocytes responsible for?

Leukocytes or white corpuscles prevent the proliferation of viruses, bacteria and fungi in the human body. Cells quickly react to the presence of a foreign body and destroy possible threat. At the same time, the leukocytes themselves also die and then leave the body through the urinary system. As a result, an increased number of these cells is detected in the TAM - leukocyturia.

Leukocytes are found in the urine of every woman. Only in 1% of patients they are not detected. What is more important is not the presence of white bodies in the urine, but their deviation from the reference values. If the number of leukocytes in the field of view varies from 0-6, then this situation is considered normal. An increase in the indicator to 7 or more cells indicates the development of leukocyturia.

If the level of white cells increases to 60 in the field of view, then we're talking about about a purulent inflammatory process. The result may be unreliable if the rules for collecting the analysis are not followed.

Causes of the abnormal condition

Elevated leukocytes in the urine of women are observed due to:

• infection with bacterial or viral infections;
• damage to the reproductive system or kidneys;
• oncological formations in the ureters and kidneys;
• genital infections;
• failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;

• kidney;
• urinary canals.

Predisposing factors for an increased number of white bodies in the urine include:

• blood diseases;
• vaginitis;
• fungal diseases of the reproductive system;
• congestion in the bladder;
• decline ;
• venereal pathologies.

To determine the exact cause of the disease, the doctor prescribes a urocytogram to determine the specific cell type.

An increased number of neutrophils indicates problems such as, or. Eosinophils appear in nephritis and allergic reactions of the body to food. Mononuclear cells are observed in the urine of elderly patients with glomerulonephritis and red.

Causes of pathology in pregnant women

In pregnant women, the level of leukocytes in the TAM is often elevated. In most cases, this condition is considered normal and is not associated with serious diseases. The indicator of white cells always increases in a woman’s body when carrying a child. It is important that the indicator does not deviate too much from the reference value - by several units in the field of view.

Even a slight excess of leukocytes above the norm requires tests, according to which the doctor can evaluate the functioning of the kidneys. Indeed, during gestation, the load on the organs of the urinary system increases, which becomes the cause of their dysfunction. If there are deviations, pregnant women are prescribed a course of anti-inflammatory drugs that improve kidney function.

In pregnant women, the level of leukocytes in the urine is often elevated, and this is normal.

If the leukocyte count in the TAM of a pregnant woman deviates significantly from the norm, then she is placed in a medical facility to prevent the development of gestosis. This process can lead to the death of the woman and fetus.

Signs of a problem

A woman can independently suspect a problem based on the characteristic clinical picture: darkening of the urine, the presence of sediment in the liquid. Leukocyturia progresses against the background of inflammation of the genitourinary system, so the patient may experience the following signs of a problem:

• spasms in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
• rise in body temperature;
• general weakness;
• burning and cramping in the genitals.

If a woman notices at least one of the listed signs, then she urgently needs to seek help from a specialist. Competent and timely therapy will allow you to get rid of unpleasant signs in 5-7 days.

Dangerous symptoms

OAM is one of the most reliable laboratory research methods. Despite this, indicators may deviate from the norm due to improper urine collection, unsterile containers, or severe physical activity on the eve of the examination.

Urgent hospitalization is required for women who notice the following symptoms:

• acute pain in the lumbar region;
• shooting in the pubic area;
• bloody inclusions in the urine;
• pain and burning during urination;
• change in consistency and color of biological fluid.

Diagnosis of the problem

As a rule, the pathological condition is detected by TAM. If the analysis reveals an increase in leukocytes, then the woman is given a referral for a clarifying urine examination according to Nechiporenko.

The pathological condition is diagnosed by a general urine test

If deviations from the norm are detected in the control analysis, then further diagnostic measures will be aimed at identifying the cause of the disease.

1. Urine analysis according to Zimnitsky. The technique is necessary for diagnosing developing.
2. UAC and blood on. Allows you to evaluate ESR, the number of leukocytes and hemoglobin in the body. Indicators suggest the presence of certain diseases.
3. Bacterial culture of urine. The analysis helps to select the appropriate drug to combat the pathogen.

If there are no pathogenic microorganisms in the urine, then the woman is given a referral for a vaginal smear. In cases of sexually transmitted diseases, microbes are not sown in the urine.

Urine collection rules

For the results of the study to be as reliable as possible, a woman must follow following rules when collecting analysis:

• collect only the morning portion of biological fluid;
• collect material 1.5 - 2 hours before submitting it to the laboratory;
• Before the procedure, thoroughly wash the genitals;

A few weeks before the test collection, the woman should stop taking medications and exclude procedures such as ultrasound, electrophoresis, and x-rays.

Drug treatment

The drug therapy regimen is determined by the attending physician depending on the etiology of the problem and the nature of its course. If the cause of the increase in leukocytes is, then treatment is carried out in a hospital setting. Therapeutic measures are aimed at eliminating the causative agent of the disease and reducing discomfort.

Ampinicillin is an effective remedy for normalizing leukocytes in urine

For this purpose the following are assigned:

1. Antibacterial drugs from the group of cephalosporins (Cefpoloxime) or aminopenicillins (Ampinicillin).
2. Herbal products – Canephron. The medicine is effective against diseases of the genitourinary system occurring in acute form. The medicine contains herbal ingredients and vitamins, so it can be prescribed even to pregnant women.
3. Drugs with a diuretic effect – Amazestin. The product also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Therapy with diuretics for the problem lasts no more than 1 week.
4. Vitamin complexes. Helps strengthen immune system, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, thereby improving blood flow in the internal organs.

Physiotherapeutic procedures can be prescribed to patients, for example, if there are no contraindications. These treatments are not recommended for pregnant women. early stages gestation and during exacerbation of inflammatory processes.

Therapy with folk remedies

Facilities traditional medicine give positive results in the fight against increased amount leukocytes in urine. Folk recipes should be used in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.

primary goal this method treatment – ​​providing an anti-inflammatory effect and removing toxins from the body.

1. Birch juice. The product contains phytoncides and microelements that remove bacterial metabolism products and relieve inflammation in the kidneys. Only fresh birch sap is suitable for therapeutic purposes. Take the medicine once a day in the morning to stimulate blood circulation after a night's sleep.
2. Hibiscus cranberry tea. Tea leaves and cranberries suppress the proliferation of microbes in the kidneys and have anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. The drink is drunk at least 2 times a day.
3. Linen– a product that cleanses the kidneys and restores the tissues of the urinary organs. Recipe for preparing the drug: 30 g of flax seeds, pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave for 2-3 hours. The resulting drink is diluted in a 1:1 ratio with boiled water and taken 5 times a day for at least 3 days.
4. Bearberry. To create a tincture, 30 g of crushed dried leaves of the plant are poured cold water(200ml) and kept for 3 days. Before taking, the drug is filtered, boiled and taken 20 g 2 times a day.

Diet

Nutrition plays a major role in normalizing the level of leukocytes in urine. The diet involves following the classic recommendations:

• refusal of fatty, fried and smoked foods;
• taking large amounts of vitamin B;
• inclusion of dairy and fermented milk products, fresh fruits and vegetables in the menu.

Don't forget to drink enough liquid. Preference is given clean water, compotes, fruit drinks, herbal teas.

Prevention of pathology

You can reduce the likelihood of analysis deviations from the norm if you adhere to the following rules:

• change underwear daily;
• observe the culture of sexual relations;
• use contraception if you have 2 or more sexual partners;
• take OAM tests once every six months.

An increased level of leukocytes in the urine of women cannot be ignored. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment will eliminate the main reason why the indicator deviated from the norm.

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, in a healthy female body circulate in the blood. When blood passes through the capillaries of the kidneys, these cells do not pass into the urine, since they have big sizes. Therefore, the physiological content of leukocytes in urine is very low.

If a woman’s indicator increases significantly, then it is worth suspecting the presence of some disease. Since leukocytes are involved in providing immunity, their content usually increases during infectious diseases. In particular, increased level White blood cells in the urine are usually associated with infections affecting the kidneys, urinary tract, or genitals.

Sometimes the release of leukocytes in the urine can be associated with diseases of other organs and systems. It is possible to determine what is causing the increase in their level with the help of an additional examination of the woman.

Thus, analysis of the content of leukocytes in excreted urine is important element in the diagnosis of many diseases. Its implementation is included in the gold standard for examining the patient.

Characteristics of leukocytes

Leukocytes are one of the main elements that protect a woman’s body from adverse effects. external environment. All leukocytes are divided into several groups. Doctors classify them into granulocytic and agranulocytic cells. Granulocytes include:

1. Neutrophils;
2. Basophils;
3. Eosinophils.

The group of agranulocytes includes:

1. Lymphocytes;
2. Monocytes.

Each group of cells is involved in providing a specific immune function.

Normal level of leukocytes in urine in women

U healthy woman leukocytes circulate in the blood. When blood passes through the capillaries of the kidneys, plasma, waste and small molecules are filtered through special pores. Primary urine is formed from them.

The pores in the capillaries are very small, so large leukocyte cells cannot exit in large numbers from the lumen of the vessel into the renal tubule. Thus, normally the content of white blood cells in the urine should be minimal. An acceptable value for this indicator is 5-6 cells in the microscope field.

If the number of cells exceeds a threshold value, then this can be considered a sign of pathology. In this case, the woman should consult a doctor and undergo a full examination to find the cause of the increased excretion of leukocytes in the urine.

Causes of increased levels of leukocytes in urine in women

An increase in the level of white blood cells excreted in the urine is divided into two types depending on the severity. When the number of cells per field of view ranges from 7-60, this phenomenon is called leukocyturia. If their number is more than 60, then the patient has pyuria (literal translation - “pus in the urine”).

A physiological increase in the level of leukocytes in a woman’s urine can be observed during pregnancy and lactation. This process cannot be considered a sign of illness, since this is a specific feature of the body of the expectant mother.

An increase in the secretion of leukocytes may be associated not only with any pathologies. This process is often observed when using medicines some groups. These include:

1. Antibiotics and sulfa drugs;
2. Medicines from the group of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors;
3. Diuretics (diuretics);
4. Anti-inflammatory drugs from the group of non-steroidal drugs;
5. Immunosuppressants;
6. Medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis.

If drug-induced leukocyturia is detected, the decision to replace or completely discontinue this drug should be made by the patient’s attending physician.

Diagnosis and treatment

The range of pathologies in which elevated leukocytes in the urine occur is very wide. It is impossible to determine an accurate diagnosis based on only one test result. The patient will need to undergo a full examination, including instrumental studies and other laboratory tests.

In addition, she is re-ordered to test urine leukocytes, since the increased level may be temporary due to physiological processes in the body. In this case, leukocyturia is not detected in the repeated analysis.

The clinical picture of the pathology is also of great importance in establishing the diagnosis. Kidney diseases are accompanied by lower back pain and urination problems. With diseases of the reproductive system, a woman experiences pathological discharge and itching in the vaginal area. Infections of other organs also manifest themselves with symptoms specific to them.

Thus, the level of leukocytes in a woman’s urine is important indicator allowing to diagnose a wide range of pathologies. Most often, the content of white blood cells increases in diseases that affect the reproductive or excretory system.

Based on the data obtained during diagnostic studies, the doctor determines what disease the woman has. After this, treatment is prescribed. The specific range of therapeutic procedures is determined by what pathology was identified, what stage it is at, whether the patient has any concomitant diseases, etc.

If leukocyturia or pyuria is detected, a woman is advised to urgently make an appointment with a specialist, since the progression of the disease can lead to a number of serious complications. Timely detection of pathologies and early initiation of their treatment is the key to a quick recovery.

Leukocytes in urine analysis are one of the main indicators of the study. A pathology in which the number of leukocytes increases is called leukocyturia. Most often, this means that an inflammatory reaction is developing in the body. How are leukocytes indicated in a urine test, and what can deviations from the norm indicate?

Leukocytes in urine

Leukocytes are white blood cells involved in immune and inflammatory reactions. White blood cells are produced in the lymph nodes and red bone marrow. In urine analysis there are different designations for these cells - LEU and WBC (white blood cells).

An increased level of leukocytes, especially in repeated urine tests, requires a detailed examination of the patient.

There are five types of leukocytes, each with its own physical and functional characteristics:

Leaving the bloodstream, leukocytes penetrate into any organs and tissues. In healthy people, white cells enter the urine through the mucous membrane of the ureters and bladder, sections of the renal glomeruli and the tubular system in small quantities. With the development of an inflammatory reaction due to the destruction of tubules and cellular infiltration, conditions are created for the excessive release of leukocytes from the source of inflammation into the urine. In this case, the presence of white blood cells is detected in the urine during laboratory tests.

Leukocytes in a general urine test

The day before the study, significant physical exercise, try to limit stress. Visiting baths and saunas is contraindicated. Fatty and fried foods, as well as any foods that can change the color of urine (carrots, beets and other brightly colored vegetables and fruits, synthetic vitamins) should be excluded from the diet 1-2 days before the test. Also, do not drink alcohol, coffee, sweet and carbonated drinks. All medications should be stopped if possible (consult your doctor in this regard). If you cannot take a break from taking it, you need to make a complete list of the medications you are taking and inform the doctor about it, who will give you a referral for analysis. Women during menstruation are advised to postpone the urine test for several days.

The material is collected on an empty stomach; at least 12 hours must have passed since the last meal. For general analysis, the first morning urine is required. To ensure that the biomaterial is not contaminated with secretions, careful hygiene of the external genitalia must be carried out before collecting urine. You should take care of the container in advance. It must be sterile, free of residues detergents. It is best to use special disposable containers that are sold at the pharmacy. Some laboratories provide such containers when registering for research.

When collecting material, you need to lower a large number of urine into the toilet, and then, without stopping urination, place a container and collect 100-150 ml, and the container should not touch the skin. This is done to prevent bacteria from the external genitalia from entering the material. Urine collected for analysis can be stored in a cool place for no longer than 1.5–2 hours.

To detect hidden leukocyturia, additional research methods are used - Amburge and Addis-Kakovsky tests.

In urine healthy person leukocytes are found in numbers of no more than 10 per field of view. The norm of leukocytes in adults in a single portion of urine is no more than 7 per field of view in men, and no more than 10 in women. To determine normal results in children, you can use a table of the norm of leukocytes in urine by age.

The level of white blood cells in the urine may increase during teething in infants and children 5–6 years of age.

Normal levels of leukocytes in urine in different samples

The Amburger test helps determine the number of formed parts of blood excreted in the urine in 1 minute. To obtain reliable data, an analysis of 5–10 ml of urine collected over 3 hours is performed. Normally, urine when examined according to Amburge contains up to 2000 leukocytes.

Addis-Kakovsky tests are a method for the quantitative determination of formed elements in the daily volume of urine. In a healthy patient, no more than 2,000,000 leukocytes are excreted in the urine per day.

An increased content of leukocytes in a urine test (especially in repeated tests) requires a detailed examination of the patient. Additional studies are usually prescribed: ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and genitourinary system, radiography chest, cystoscopy, excretory urography, general and biochemical blood tests, etc.

Many factors can affect the composition of urine and distort the test results. These include drinking and eating habits, taking medications, physical and emotional stress.

Increased number of leukocytes in urine

An increase in leukocytes in the urine, i.e. leukocyturia, can be true or false. In a true case, white blood cells are formed in the urinary system; in a false case, the result of the analysis is affected by contamination of the collected biomaterial with secretions from the external genitalia.

Depending on the presence of the pathogen, infectious, or bacterial and non-infectious, or abacterial (sterile) leukocyturia is distinguished. The latter is characterized by an increased number of white blood cells in the absence of bacteria in the urine.

Based on the number of leukocytes detected, the following types of leukocyturia are distinguished:

• insignificant– up to 40 in the field of view;
• moderate– up to 100;
• significant– the entire field of view is covered with leukocytes.

When there are 100 or more leukocytes in the field of view, they speak of pyuria - the discharge of pus in the urine. The number of leukocytes in this condition can reach 500 or more.

Depending on what types of white blood cells predominate, leukocyturia occurs:

• neutrophilic– with inflammation of the kidneys, bladder, ureters or urethra, on initial stage acute glomerulonephritis, with pyelonephritis and tuberculosis;
• lymphocytic– for infectious lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract, autoimmune diseases;
• mononuclear– with interstitial nephritis, in the late stages of glomerulonephritis;
• eosinophilic– eosinophils are increased in cystitis and abacterial glomerulonephritis and indicate the addition of an allergy to the inflammatory process.

Causes of leukocyturia

An increased content of leukocytes in the urine is characteristic of the following diseases:

• pyelonephritis;
• glomerulonephritis;
• interstitial nephritis;
• kidney transplant rejection;
• kidney tuberculosis;
• cystitis;

• Symptoms accompanying leukocyturia

  Depending on the accompanying symptoms, it can be assumed what pathology caused the increase in the level of leukocytes in the urine test.

  

  The development of infectious pathology of the urinary system is indicated by:

  • urinary disturbance;
  • burning, pain when urinating;
  • pain in the lower abdomen or lumbar region;
  • strong smell of urine;
  • change in the color of urine, the appearance of mucus, flakes, streaks of blood;
  • fever, symptoms of intoxication.

  Kidney stone disease is accompanied by the following manifestations:

  • cloudiness of urine (possibly the appearance of blood or pus in it);
  • sharp pain in the lower back spreading along the ureter;
  • frequent urination;
  • disturbance of urine outflow;
  • nausea, vomiting;
  • temperature increase;
  • increased blood pressure.

  In acute pyelonephritis, leukocyturia is accompanied by:

  • gradually increasing or acute pain in the lumbar region on one side;
  • painful urination;
  • change in the color and odor of urine;
  • cloudiness of urine, the appearance of pus in it;
  • nausea, vomiting;
  • chills, increased body temperature;
  • joint pain.
  • pyuria;
  • regular and situational dull pain in the lower back of low intensity;
  • cloudy urine;
  • transient dysuria;
  • muscle pain;
  • weakness, loss of appetite.

  Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Urine is no less informative biomaterial than blood, and at the same time, thanks to the study of the fluid secreted by the kidneys, it is possible to more specifically determine the location of the pathology.

Since urine is formed and passes through the urinary system, its composition in most cases indicates the presence of diseases of these organs. Inflammatory processes of the urinary system are one of the main groups of diseases that are typical for patients of different genders and ages.

Considering that during their development, elevated leukocytes in the urine are almost always detected, this change is the most striking laboratory marker of such pathologies. Based on this indicator, the doctor can confirm with almost one hundred percent certainty the presence of the disease and prescribe further, more specific diagnostics.

Why do leukocytes increase in urine?

It is no longer a secret to anyone that white blood cells or leukocytes are the cells responsible for carrying out protective function body. Therefore, when foreign objects (pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances) enter the human body, they rush to the site of introduction of pathogens and absorb them.

Consumption and digestion, leading to neutralization of the activity of harmful agents, is called phagocytosis. After absorbing foreign objects, most leukocytes die, forming pus-like accumulations.

In the area of ​​the latter, under the influence of released enzymes, blood circulation and functional activity of cells change, which in turn leads to swelling, fever and other signs of the inflammatory process. Due to the rapid death of leukocytes due to phagocytosis, the synthesizing organs begin to intensively produce them, which is manifested in analyzes by an increase in the indicator.

If an increase in white cells in the blood can be the result of many diseases, the localization of which is sometimes quite difficult to detect, then an increase in leukocytes in the urine is a clear sign of pathologies of the urinary system. This confidence is explained by the fact that urine is formed and excreted in these organs, therefore, the infection in it appears precisely from them.

Norms and deviations

Before discussing diseases that affect the organs of the urinary system, accompanied by a high content of leukocytes in the excreted fluid or leukocytosis, the features of the reference values ​​should be studied in detail.

Firstly, normal indicators differ among people depending on gender and, secondly, among different age categories. In addition, there are several conditions in which the level of these cells may also increase. Signs of health in adults are considered to be following values: in men there are 1-3 cells in the field of view of the microscope and in women – 5-7.

Ideally, no white blood cells should be detected in the sample at all. In newborns and pregnant women normal indicators are 8-10 units, which is due to minor deviations in the activity of their urinary system. And this is not regarded as a pathology.

Higher values ​​already indicate varying degrees of infectious or inflammatory process, and the greater the deviation from the norm, the more serious and dangerous it is for the patient. So, for example, indicators of 20-25 U indicate minor inflammation, most often characteristic of infection of the lower urinary tract - urethritis (inflammation of the urethra) or cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).

When receiving microscopy results with leukocytes of 75-100 units, we can safely say that the infection has spread through the upper urinary tract. Diseases that can increase the content of white cells for such indicators are nephritis (inflammation of the kidney), pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis) and glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney).

In the case where the analysis of the biomaterial showed that there are a lot of leukocytes in the smear and are described in the form with the word “entirely”, this means that it is not possible to count their number.

As a rule, their number exceeds 250-500 units in the field of view, which clearly indicates generalized inflammation of the urinary system. Often, such high rates are observed with kidney tuberculosis involving other organs of the urinary tract.

There are many factors that can lead to an increase in the content of white blood platelets in the secreted fluid, and not all of them are caused by the development of the disease. Also, non-pathological reasons for which leukocytes in the urine are elevated have long been identified.

Physiological factors

The most common reasons leukocytosis in urine of a non-pathological nature are pregnancy, the state before and after childbirth and the newborn period in infants. During conception and further development During the first trimester of pregnancy, the embryo's white blood cells rush to the uterus to maximally protect the fetus from possible infections.

Considering that the uterus is located in close proximity to the urinary organs and leukocytes are able to penetrate their membrane, it becomes clear why they can be displayed in the analysis.

Moreover, due to pregnancy and in the absence of infection, an excess of the indicator in in this case insignificantly, just a few units, which means it should not cause concern to the attending physician and the woman herself.

Before and after childbirth, the content of white blood cells also often increases, which is associated with the body’s insurance for the upcoming event and the period after it, in order to protect it from possible infections.

If the indicator increases slightly, that is, up to 10-12 units, then there is no need to worry, whereas with values ​​reaching 30-50 cells in the field of view, you should definitely check the kidneys. The same applies to newborn babies, whose urinary system is not yet fully formed and is capable of passing a little more leukocytes into urine.

Leukocyturia, or the presence of white blood cells in the urine, in a child is often temporary and goes away as soon as his organs begin to function at the proper level. However, the appearance of a large number of the described cells indicates the presence of pathology and requires immediate examination and treatment.

Reference! Red blood cells, white blood cells and protein in the urine absolutely indicate the development of serious diseases of the urinary tract. Therefore, you cannot postpone diagnosis in the hope that it will “go away on its own.”

Situations when you should immediately seek help medical care

Pathological causes

The most common diseases of the urinary tract include infectious lesions of the lower and upper tracts, which can be either primary or secondary.

The first type includes independent diseases that develop as a result of direct entry of a pathogen into an organ, and the second includes diseases that arise, for example, as complications after a cold, sore throat, etc.

Lower urinary tract infections

This group includes urethritis and cystitis, which are not considered life-threatening diseases for the patient, but can still cause him a lot of suffering. Leukocytosis in the urine with them is generally moderate, however, if these pathologies for any reason are not completely cured, there is a high probability that the infection through the ureters will spread to the kidneys, and the course of the disease will worsen.

Upper urinary tract involvement

Nephritis, pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis are much more severe for the patient and require longer conservative treatment. Often he has to be hospitalized in a hospital in order to be able to regularly monitor his condition and carry out complex therapy.

In case of late acceptance necessary measures diseases can become chronic, which in turn can cause renal failure and as a result of the patient's disability.

Urolithiasis (UCD)

An infection in the urinary system is not always the root cause for the appearance of leukocyturia; sometimes bacteria can develop in an environment favorable for their growth and development. ICD often provides them with such “comfort”.

Due to metabolic disorders in the body, salts and minerals do not circulate separately, as should be normal, but begin to accumulate in the sand and then in the stones. Such formations gradually acquire sizes that are sufficient to block the duct in the kidney and ureter, which ultimately leads to stagnation of urine.

Opportunistic microorganisms, which do not exceed normal values ​​in a healthy person, gradually multiply, which leads to an inflammatory process, as evidenced by urine analysis data, namely an increased number of leukocytes.

Oncological neoplasms

According to approximately the same principle as with urolithiasis, inflammatory diseases of the urinary system also develop during growth. cancerous tumors. By blocking the passages for fluid filtered by the kidneys, neoplasms contribute to the development of microbial flora, causing diseases in one or another part of the urinary tract. In most cases, such pathologies require surgical intervention, since sooner or later they lead to severe and dangerous complications.

Pathological causes of leukocyturia

Prolonged abstinence from urination

Very often, people, explaining that they are busy, do not have time to go to the toilet and empty their bladder. And in vain - doing this is extremely dangerous! By holding back urination, a person artificially provokes the development of stagnant processes, due to which bacterial microflora multiplies, leading first to cystitis and then to more severe diseases.

Reference! Patients who undergo frequent catheterization are susceptible to infectious diseases urinary system many times more than other patients. The same applies to people with weak immunity.

What to do with leukocyturia?

Initially, it should be understood that leukocytosis in the urine is not an independent disease - it is a separate symptom that means the presence of problems in the body of varying degrees. Therefore, in order to reduce the content of white blood cells, it is necessary to find out the reason for their increase.

As a rule, detecting leukocyturia is quite simple if you conduct a general urine test, which will show all changes in the composition of the excreted fluid. Then, based on its data, the doctor will, in all likelihood, prescribe subsequent diagnostics aimed at determining the location of the pathological focus and the characteristics of the course of the disease.

After diagnosing pathologies of the urinary system, the therapist will send the patient for consultation and therapy to specialized specialists, such as a urologist, nephrologist, gynecologist, etc. If leukocyturia is detected, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, kidneys, excretory urography, cystoscopy, x-ray of the bladder and other instrumental techniques can be performed.

Methods for correcting indicators

Once the cause of the increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine has been established, appropriate treatment is prescribed. Under no circumstances should you take any action on your own, assuming that this will help reduce the number of white bodies.

No matter how absurd such a desire may sound, however, unfortunately, quite often people undergoing routine medical examinations in order to get “good” test results can, instead of treating diseases, look for various ways that will normalize this indicator.

There are no such ways! Rare cases in which the picture of a urine test can be corrected are if the sample of biomaterial was collected incorrectly and leukocytes from the mucous membrane of the genital organs got into it, or the increase was physiological and temporary. In the rest, a therapeutic course is required.

So, for simple and mild infections - cystitis and urethritis - anti-inflammatory drugs and a diet are prescribed, which involves avoiding salty, hot and spicy foods, which irritate the mucous membrane, aggravating the symptoms of the disease. In addition, the patient is recommended bed rest, and compliance with it will contribute to a speedy recovery.

In case of inflammatory processes in the kidneys, antibiotics are prescribed without fail. To treat infections that most often develop in the urinary tract, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin and cephalosporin drugs are mainly used.

Properly collected sample for analysis ensures reliable results

A diet prohibiting hot, salty and spicy foods is also prescribed. It is recommended that dishes be boiled, steamed, baked, that is, subjected to gentle processing, and under no circumstances fried or smoked. It is very important to maintain a drinking regime, and in the absence of renal failure, drink at least two liters of fluid per day.

Pathologies that require surgical intervention, you should operate as early as possible, as this will help reduce the likelihood of complications caused, for example, by urolithiasis or expanded tumors. Failure to promptly seek medical help in these situations can cost the patient his life.

Mention should be made of traditional treatment methods. Of course, many herbs, such as bearberry and stinging nettle, are used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, but their role is secondary, that is, auxiliary. Placing all hopes on their healing power is extremely dangerous, especially in severe inflammatory processes.

Memo to patients. The first thing you need to do when you receive a test with elevated white blood cells is to repeat the test. If the results are identical, then be sure to contact a specialist for help. During the course of treatment, you must carefully follow all the recommendations of your doctor to avoid complications.