Technical characteristics of the crane-manipulator BAKM - 890 (MKS-4032).

Table 6.4

Operation of the hydraulic system of the BAKM-890 crane

From pump 2, the working fluid flows to the sectional distributor 5, which controls the hydraulic cylinders for blocking the springs 6 and the hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the outriggers 7, 8, 9, 10. To prevent the lowering of these hydraulic cylinders during the operation of the crane, hydraulic lubricants are used in the piston lines. After installing the crane in its original operating position, the fluid flow by spool A of the distributor 5 is combined with the fluid flow coming from pump 3. The combination of flows is used to increase the speed of the hydraulic motors of the boom, platform and winch drive.

The fluid flow from pumps 2 and 3 flows simultaneously to distributors 15 and 16. Distributor 15 controls the hydraulic cylinder for changing the reach (tilt angle) of the boom 27 and the hydraulic motor 28 for turning the crane platform. The distributor 16 controls the hydrometer for the drive of the cargo winch 29 and the hydraulic cylinder for changing the length of the telescopic boom 23. The hydraulic cylinder has an increased piston stroke and is built into the metal structure of the boom. Section B of the distributor 15 and section A of the distributor 16 are equipped with additionally interlocked distributors, with the help of which, during the period of switching on the main spools, the cargo winch and platform are released, and during the switch-off period, these mechanisms are braked by hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14.

The BAKM-890 crane is equipped with safety devices, which emergency situation the electromagnets of hydraulic valves 17, 18 and 19 are switched off. As a result of switching off the electromagnets, the control hydraulic lines of safety valves 20 and 21 are connected to the drainage hydraulic line, the pumps are unloaded and the brakes are closed by hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14. To reduce the speed of rotation of the platform, a throttle 22 with a pressure regulator is used. When the hydraulic motor for turning the platform 28 is turned on, the operator-machinist uses an adjustable throttle 22 to release part of the fluid flow coming from pumps 2 and 3 into the drain line. To eliminate cavitation in pipelines and stabilize the speed of lowering the load and boom, reduce the length of the boom, brake hydraulic valves 24, 25 and 26 are used, which allow a fluid flow equal to the fluid flow supplied to the hydraulic motors to drain. The lowering of the load when the engine or pump leaves the standstill is carried out by valve 12. Hydraulic locks are installed in the piston cavities of hydraulic cylinders 23 and 27, which lock the flow of fluid in the piston cavity and prevent the lowering of the boom and load under the influence of external forces. The pressure in the pressure lines of the pumps and the drain line is controlled by pressure gauges 31, and the temperature by a remote thermometer 32.

Hand pump 4 is used to move the boom to the transport position in case of engine or pump failure.

Rice. 6.12 - Fundamental hydraulic circuit crane-manipulator BAKM-890: 1. hydraulic tank; 2, 3 unregulated pumps; 4. hand pump; 5. sectional distributor; 6. - hydraulic cylinders for blocking springs; 7, 8, 9,10 - hydraulic cylinders of outriggers; 11, 12 - valves; 13, 14 - brake hydraulic cylinders; 15,16 - sectional distributors; 17, 18, 19 - hydraulic valves with electromagnetic control; 20.21 - safety valves; 23 - hydraulic cylinder for changing the boom length; 24, 25, 26 - brake hydraulic valves; 27 - hydraulic cylinder for changing the boom height; 28 - platform rotation hydrometer; 29 - cargo winch hydrometer; 30- filter with overflow valve; 31 - pressure gauge; 32 - temperature sensor

MKS-4032 (BAKM-890)

Purpose: The crane-manipulator MKS-4032 (BAKM-890) is designed for self-loading, self-unloading and transportation of ordinary cargo.

"Sinegorets-110"

Purpose: The Sinegorets-110 crane-manipulator is designed for self-loading, self-unloading and transportation of ordinary cargo.

Basic specifications:

Manipulator crane for industrial and technical purposes

MKS-5531

Purpose: The MKS-5531 crane-manipulator is designed for self-loading, self-unloading and transportation of ordinary cargo.

Main technical characteristics:

Crane-manipulator BAKM-1600-2

Purpose: The BAKM-166-2 crane-manipulator is designed for self-loading, self-unloading and transportation of ordinary cargo.

Main technical characteristics:

2.2.2 Forklifts

Purpose of DP-1604

Purpose: The diesel loader DP-1604 is designed for moving and stowing cargo in open areas and indoors: at bases, warehouses, railway cars and other places equipped with a hard and even surface.

Main technical characteristics:

Forklift for production and technical

Purpose of VP-05

Purpose: The VP-05 diesel loader is designed for moving and stowing cargo in open areas and other places equipped with a hard and even surface.

Main technical characteristics:

G. Goltsblat, chief designer of JSC BAKM

The oldest crane manufacturing plant in the country is Balashikha ( Joint-Stock Company"BAKM") is experiencing a second youth. Since 1993, despite the difficult economic situation, the company has completely updated its products, mastered mass production of new highly efficient machines - loader cranes, is increasing their production, creating new models, expanding the number of their standard sizes and modifications.

Manipulator cranes and crane-manipulator units (CMU) produced by BAKM JSC are used on trucks, tractors, ships, railway platforms, special vehicles and stationary. Unfortunately, in comparison with such well-known types of machines as jib self-propelled cranes and loaders, loader cranes are still little known to domestic consumers. Their advantages are far from being fully used.

In the West, these cars have been produced since the early sixties. They are well known and widely used in almost all areas of industrial, construction and agricultural production. Almost all onboard vehicles are equipped with them.

A manipulator crane is both a load-lifting and a transport vehicle, which differs from a self-propelled jib crane in its greater technological capabilities, as well as in that it allows the use of a basic vehicle (for example, a car) not only for transporting the crane installation itself, but also for its intended purpose - for transportation cargo. At the same time, he loads and unloads his own vehicle himself.

The low weight of the CMU (as a rule, no more than 25% of the vehicle's load capacity) and compactness in the transport position slightly reduce the load capacity and dimensions of the vehicle's cargo platform, but provide a significant increase in productivity and economic efficiency of its operation by reducing downtime while waiting for loading and unloading, reducing number of machines used and reducing the need for maintenance personnel.

The cranes-manipulators of BAKM JSC are intended primarily for the mechanization of loading and unloading operations: lifting and moving cargo, both single and in containers, bags and on pallets, as well as bulk, small-piece, timber assortments and other long items, scrap and all kinds others. They are effectively used on low-rise construction, during repair and restoration work, at dispersed sites, in cramped conditions, successfully replacing jib self-propelled cranes.

Manipulator cranes in the “grab” design, along with the hook, are equipped with hydraulic lines for driving active working parts (grabs, tongs, rotators, hydraulic drills, etc.) with quick-release couplings.

Leading foreign companies produce cranes with a load moment of 1 to 80 t m, a maximum load capacity of up to 20 tons and a lifting height of up to 30 m. Of these, the most popular are those that develop a load moment of 8 - 10 t m. Research conducted by TsNIIOMTP (Moscow), showed that in Russian conditions the greatest need also exists in the 8-10 t m class.

On this basis, BAKM JSC developed a concept for the development of production of a unified range of loader cranes with load moments from 4 to 25 t m. Taking into account the established priorities, the first mass loader crane from this series was MKS-4032 (BAKM 890) with load torque 8.9 t m, mass production of which began in 1993.

MKS-4032 cranes have almost completely replaced those previously produced by Balashikha and other plants former USSR the most popular truck cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 6.3 tons and partially 10-ton truck cranes. The MKS-4032 family includes eight different modifications, differing in the base of outriggers, the number of telescopic boom sections, the design of working equipment and controls.

Depending on the vehicle on which the crane is installed, it is equipped with one- or two-stage outriggers with a base of 3.5 or 4.6 m, respectively. Additionally, two more hydraulic supports can be mounted.

The telescopic boom can have one, two or three hydraulically extendable sections and up to three manual extensions. By customer request work equipment manufactured in a “hook” or “grab” design. Work operations can be controlled from the ground, from one of two consoles located on either side of the vehicle, or from a column, where in this case the operator's seat is installed.

Each crane is equipped with automatic system overload protection. The MKS-4032 family fully complies with the Design Rules and safe operation load-lifting cranes, international standards, and in 1997 the first of the domestic cranes was certified in the GOST R system.

According to their own technical capabilities and the characteristics of MKS-4032 are not inferior to the best foreign models. At the same time, BAKM JSC conducts permanent job to further improve it and improve quality, and also creates new models of cranes in a range of standard sizes.
Prototypes of loader cranes with a load moment of 4.6 have already been created; 12 and 16 t m. Next in line are loader cranes with a load moment of 20 and 25 t m.

In January of this year, the BAKM 460 crane with a load moment of 4.6 t m passed acceptance tests. Their first industrial batch for light-duty vehicles ZIL-5301 “Bychok” was manufactured in the first quarter.

These cars will be especially found wide application in various areas of urban economy. They can work with a hook, a grab for bulk and small-piece materials, and other active lifting devices or working parts. They respond the most high requirements security. The protection system automatically turns off the drive when overloaded and ensures safety in the event of a pipeline break.

Prototypes of crane-manipulators BAKM 1200 with a load moment of 12 t m and BAKM 1600 with a load moment of 16 t m are currently undergoing preliminary (factory) tests. The first industrial batch of these machines is planned to be manufactured before the end of this year.

The BAKM 1200 and BAKM 1600 loader cranes, installed on heavy-duty vehicles, are significantly more efficient than truck cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons when loading and unloading and transporting bulk cargo, when working in cramped conditions on industrial sites and inside buildings, when reconstructing buildings and structures .

The booms of these cranes can have from one to four hydraulically telescopic sections. To increase the lifting height and under-boom space, a controlled telescopic jib up to 5 m long can be installed at the end of the boom.

At the customer’s request, these machines can be equipped with an electro-hydraulic proportional control system, allowing the operator to work both on stationary consoles located on both sides of the support frame, and remotely, using a portable console with multifunctional handles for controlling work operations (“joysticks”). It is also possible to install two-level load limiters (load moment), which turn on a warning alarm at 90% of the load and turn off the drive when the load exceeds 100%.

Currently, the company’s specialists are working on the creation of manipulator cranes based on general purpose special versions for heavy duty use, used in intensive loading and unloading operations with logs (timber loaders) and scrap metal.

The operation of such machines involves pulling out logs (logs) or scrap metal from the rubble and pulling them along the ground. It is characterized high speeds working operations, significant dynamic loads that exclude the possibility of using a load limiter, and the need to protect structural elements from damage by cargo during work and movement in off-road conditions.

General-purpose cranes acquire additional capabilities when equipped with a cradle. In this case, the machine can be used not only as a lift (tower) for moving people with tools and materials to a height, but also for rescue work, for example, when evacuating people from burning or destroyed buildings.

Experimental samples of cradles were manufactured and passed preliminary tests on BAKM 460-2 and BAKM 1600-4 cranes. Now the word is up to the leading institutes, which together with the plant must develop and agree with the State Mining and Technical Supervision of Russia Additional requirements safety to equipping cranes with cradle for moving people.

The transition of BAKM JSC to a market business system required significant costs for equipping the enterprise flexible systems design and production, to improve the skills of personnel, to ensure the possibility of producing a wide range of loader cranes and effectively responding to consumer requests, organizing customer service and advertising, creating training center operator training.

All this could not but affect the cost of products, which, nevertheless, remains significantly lower than the price of Western analogues, which creates favorable opportunities for replacing imported equipment with high-quality and cheaper domestic ones.

Self-loading vehicles with onboard cranes used for delivery of containers and packaged construction materials, cargo on pallets, as well as for the mechanization of transport and storage, repair and restoration and small-scale construction and installation work at dispersed sites.

Onboard cranes perform self-loading and self-unloading base car and trailer, loading and unloading of other nearby vehicles.

The main parameter of loader cranes is the maximum load moment.

Loader cranes are equipped with hydraulically controlled telescopic booms with one, two or more movable sections with the ability to install mechanical extensions.

Manipulator cranes can have a hook and grab design of the working body. The grab version involves the use of active hydraulically controlled replaceable working parts - a grab, a hydraulic drill, a pincer gripper, etc.

The placement of cranes on vehicles can be: on the chassis of a truck between the cabin and the loading platform - in the middle and rear part of the loading platform; on a truck tractor between the cab and the fifth wheel coupling; on the semi-trailer chassis - in the rear, middle and front parts of the cargo platform.

The onboard crane-manipulator (Fig. 1) consists of a rotary column, articulated boom equipment, two outrigger hydraulic supports 6 to ensure the necessary stability of the manipulator, a mechanism for rotating the boom in plan, two control panels 4 and a set of replaceable working equipment.

The boom equipment is mounted on a rotating column 10 mounted on the chassis support frame 5 and consists of a handle 11, a lever 13, a telescopic boom 14 with a main 17 and retractable 18 sections, control hydraulic cylinders 12, 15 and 16, a hook suspension 19 or a rotator 20.

Rice. 1. Self-loader vehicle with on-board crane

The rotator provides manipulation of the load in the horizontal plane through a rack and pinion gear and a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 21, the rod of which is the rotor rack 22, which meshes with the gear 23. The set of replaceable working equipment of the manipulator includes a boom extension, manually extended, a fork, and a tong grip for packaged goods. cargo and container gripper. Rotation of the boom equipment in plan at an angle of up to 420° is ensured by rack and pinion rotating mechanism, including two alternately operating hydraulic cylinders, a rack 7 and a gear 8, rigidly mounted on the shaft 9 of the rotary column. The drive of the axial piston pump 3 of the hydraulic system of the manipulator is carried out from the engine 1 of the car through the power take-off box 2. The manipulator can be controlled from any of the two control panels 4 located on both sides of the car.

The designs of domestic onboard manipulators are made according to a single schematic diagram and differ from each other in load moment, load capacity, number of movable boom sections, hook lifting and lowering height, weight, overall dimensions.

The main manufacturers of onboard cranes in the CIS are: JSC BAKM (Balashikha, Moscow region), JSC Stavropol Automobile Crane Plant KRAST. Loader cranes are also produced by JSC Inman (Bashkortostan).

JSC "BAKM" produces cranes-manipulators of the BAKM series with a load moment of 46... 160 kN - m. In the future, it is planned to produce cranes-manipulators with a load moment of 200 and 250 kN m. Technical characteristics of cranes-manipulators of the BAKM series are given in table. 14.

Table 1. Technical characteristics of BAKM 460 cranes

Table 2. Technical characteristics of cranes BAKM 890 (MKS-4032)

* Heavy duty versions.

Table 3. Technical characteristics of BAKM 1200* cranes

* This model has been discontinued, but is widely used in industry.

Table 4. Technical characteristics of BAKM 1600 cranes

JSC "KRAST" produces cranes-manipulators of the MKS series with a load moment of 10...174.4 kN m.

Below is the technical characteristics of the MKS-10313 crane:

Technical characteristics of the MKS 5531A crane:

The MKS-5531L (forest) crane-manipulator is designed to perform loading, unloading and auxiliary operations in logging, transport and warehouse operations at forest industry enterprises.

When equipped with a scrap gripper, it can be used for loading and unloading scrap metal.

Technical characteristics of MKS-5531L:

The crane is equipped with a rotator and a clamp.

Based on the serial crane-manipulator MKS-5531A, the PMKS-5531A hydraulic automobile lift with a quick-release cradle with a lifting capacity of 300 kg is manufactured. The PMKS-5531A lift is designed for mechanization of loading and unloading operations with various attachments, as well as installation and dismantling work, ensuring the lifting of people with tools to a height of up to 12 m. If necessary, you can use the hook suspension of the machine for loading and unloading and construction and installation work. The PMKS-5531A lift is based on MAZ, KamAZ, Ural, KrAZ vehicles.

Technical characteristics of the PMKS-5531A lift:

The MKS-6531 crane-manipulator is designed for self-loading and self-unloading of the base vehicle and the trailer working with it.

Technical characteristics of the crane-manipulator MKS-6531:

JSC "INMAN" (Republic of Bashkortostan) serially produces hydraulic manipulators used in loading and unloading, construction, installation and transport work, the following models:

IM20 with a maximum load moment of 18.5 kN m, boom radius of 3.57 m, lifting capacity of 1.24 tons, Z-folding. Mounted on the following types of vehicle chassis: Ural, ZIL, GAZ and others;

IM50 with a maximum load moment of 52 kN m, boom radius 7.1 m, lifting capacity 2 tons, Z-shaped folding. Mounted on the following types of vehicle chassis: Ural 4320-1922, Ural 44202, KamAZ 43101, KamAZ 53221;

IM150 with a maximum load moment of 132 kN m, boom radius up to 13 m, lifting capacity 4.2 tons, Z-folding. Mounted on the following types of vehicle chassis: Ural, KamAZ, KrAZ;

IFZOOS with a maximum load moment of 317 kN m, boom radius 8.1 m, load capacity 9 tons. Mounted on the following types of vehicle chassis: KrAZ 260G, KrAZ 260V, KrAZ 63221, KrAZ 6446, Ural 4320-1912, KamAZ 43118 and special chassis.

Technical productivity of vehicles, t/h,

where Q is the load capacity, t; k g - load capacity utilization factor; k pr - mileage utilization rate; k y - coefficient taking into account the time spent on acceleration and braking; l - transportation range, km; v - speed, km/h; t h, t r, t m ​​- respectively, the time of loading, unloading and maneuvering, s.