Methods for calculating winder steps. Calculation of the stairs to the second floor - online calculator with drawings Formula for a metal staircase with winder steps

A drawing of a staircase with winder steps is in great demand in houses where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical feasibility placement of a straight structure. Such structures require special attention at the stage.

Diagram with the names of the winder staircase elements

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

1. Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the total opening is up to 3000 mm.
2. L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. Occupy less space than straight marches or marches with platforms.
3. U-shaped. They have a 180˚ rotation and are more compact than the previous version.
4. Curvilinear. Features smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are more often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread in such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device, it saves.

Diagram of the staircase rotation device

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, or in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or the length of the step.

Schemes of winder stairs are more difficult to complete than straight structures or with platforms for transition. Therefore, there are often drawings with incorrectly executed structures.

This not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder stairs

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building structure must meet. The staircase is no exception. A number of the presented technical requirements are also typical for straight march structures:

Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps

All of the listed characteristics and data will ensure comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of winder designs

The main advantages of a winder ladder include:

1. Compactness. Often the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor do not allow the placement of a straight structure. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are installed in turning flights.
2. Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
3. Saving materials. As the slope angle (steepness) increases, the consumption of materials decreases slightly.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. The winder treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. And it is more difficult to disperse on such a flight than on ordinary stairs.

Classical appearance winder staircase

Technical data for drawings

To correctly draw up a diagram of a winder staircase, it is necessary to take into account all the standards listed above, the dimensions of the premises and link them to the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

1. Determine the location of the structure.
2. Make the appropriate measurements: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the floor of the second.
3. Draw to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the stairs will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
4. Select the type of structure and building material for it.
5. Produce preliminary calculations by the number, height and depth of steps.

Scheme and drawing of a winder staircase

This data will help you do correct selection structures that will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary data calculation

Knowing the height between levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs and the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We will select the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build the drawing:

The example shows that it is better to reconsider the parameters of the steps. This will significantly save space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will become 300 mm, and the length of the staircase will be 5,400. This will save 3 sq. m. usable area of ​​the house.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

Taking into account modern realities and get a quick result, you can use several ways to draw up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are software that, based on the drawing, issue specifications for materials with cutting. There is no provision for this option. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to select suitable option. But you should check them for compliance technical requirements, to protect yourself from someone’s design illiteracy.

Winder staircase drawing

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit them into the required space ready-made solution. You may find that a window or a ledge on the wall ends up in the place where the stairs are installed.

You will have to either adapt the design to fit, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help you make calculations and give recommendations for correcting the design if it does not comply building regulations. Based on the data received, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the simplest and affordable way development of drawings for individual sizes. But in the future you should link to .

Interface of an online calculator for calculating a winder ladder

Otherwise, the resulting structure may close the window or doorway.

Proportion method

The main difficulty in independently designing a staircase with winder steps is calculating the number and developing the shapes of the rotating elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a rotation of 90˚, 180˚. First, you should draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the intended area. Next, perform a series of operations:

This is the simplest and most accessible way to construct a drawing. There are three other methods: Danish, sweep and line lifting. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

Example metal frame for winder stairs

It should be noted that the drawing using any of the above methods is performed with to a certain extent errors. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. Winder staircase– a more complex design, so if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, and installation to specialized enterprises.

When planning to make a wooden or metal staircase with your own hands, you need to pay a lot of attention to calculations. Despite its apparent simplicity, the staircase is a very complex engineering structure, each node of which must be thought out, and all together they must create a single ensemble.

The design of a metal/wooden staircase must take into account its functional and decorative components. The less experience you have in this type of work, the more difficult it will be to do this. Since we don’t do calculations every day, we need to describe in detail how to calculate the stairs to the second floor of a private house. General principles The construction of wooden and metal stairs is no different. As they say, “the devil is in the details.” We will consider them in detail.

It is worth noting that the arrangement of stairs in apartment buildings or administrative buildings regulated by many documents. The main ones are GOST 23120-78 Flight stairs, platforms and steel fences and SNiP IV-14-84 Collection 1-14 Stairs.

However, in private houses, the height of which is often limited to two floors, the owner is free to choose the configuration. Although, of course, the basic rules for constructing stairs must be followed.

Rule 1 - Choosing the location of the stairs in the house

Making a straight staircase in accordance with the standards in a private house is hampered by limited space. Therefore, many owners give preference complex structures: flight staircase with a turn or spiral. Professionals put forward several recommendations regarding where and how to place the staircase in the house so that it takes up little space.

• It is better to place the stairs in the part of the house that is least used. The staircase in the living room creates certain inconveniences;

• provide free access to the stairs;

• landings are preferable to winder steps. Especially if independent construction is planned;

• consider more first simple options, and only then more complex ones;

• Keep in mind that you will need to not only walk up the stairs, but also bring in/take out furniture and equipment. It should be easy to use for all family members;

• if you plan to use the space (place) under the stairs in the house, it is better to choose a closed structure. And, conversely, an open staircase makes the space more spacious, so it is advisable to use it in rooms;

• Please note that installing a metal staircase in wooden house can be done after the house shrinks. That is, in 1-1.5 years. Otherwise, shrinkage of the house will lead to a violation of the integrity of the structure.

• make sure that you can make an opening in the ceiling (ceiling) for a staircase to provide access to the attic or attic. For example, in monolithic slab the construction of a staircase creates significant difficulties.

How to reduce the size of the opening for the stairs to the second floor?

Useful tips from experienced professionals:

• 20% is possible if a staircase with 180 degree winder steps is installed;

• Installing a staircase with two flights and a platform will help by 30%. Space saving is achieved due to the fact that the movement changes by 180°;

• by 60% by installing a staircase with “duck step” steps;

• 80% is achieved by installing a spiral staircase. IN in this case movement changes 360°.

Rule 2 - Shape and types of stairs

In a private house, it is possible to not follow standards and GOSTs so strictly. However, the basic principles of staircase arrangement must be observed, since neglecting them may result in a decrease in the safety of this engineering structure.

Before you start making calculations, you need to know that there are two important factors that will affect the result.

Firstly, this is a design feature.

From a design point of view, all stairs can be divided into three types:

• marching. Consist of separate marches. They, in turn, are divided into single-flight, two or more - multi-flight. In addition, the flight of stairs can be straight, with a landing or with turns (winder steps).

In private homes, wooden and metal staircases with winder steps (rotated 90, 180, 360 degrees) are popular.

• screw (spiral). In stairs of this type, the steps are twisted around an axis. They are convenient when there is no free space in the room for a marching structure. But the construction of a spiral staircase is much more labor-intensive and requires more careful calculations.

• folding. Refer to portable structures, so we will skip them, since we will do the calculation for a stationary staircase.

Secondly, this is the shape of the frame.

The frame of a metal and wooden staircase can be made in three options:

• staircase on stringers. The basis of the frame is one or two solid beams, on which steps are laid on top.

• ladder on a bowstring. The frame consists of two support beams that support the steps from the sides

• staircase on rails(from German “pin”). The steps are fastened directly to the wall.

Rule 3 - Calculation of staircase parameters

Many users do not know what needs to be taken into account in order to calculate the stairs correctly. Professionals say that taking into account three main parameters will make the design safe, beautiful and easy to use.

The parameters of the stairs are shown in the figure

Stair height

Height - the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor (not ceiling) of the second. Often the upper end of the staircase rests on the ceiling of the first floor. For ease of movement, there is a gap above such a staircase.

The distance from the step to the ceiling can be calculated as follows: take the height of the tallest family member and add 100 mm. The recommended clearance value (working height of the stairs) is 2 m. This value must be constant throughout the entire flight.

Note. You can place a staircase in living rooms only if the rooms on the first and second floors are heated. Otherwise, it should be placed in a non-residential area.

Stair length (flight length)

For a traditional marching design, the length of the stairs is equal to the length of the march or the sum of the lengths of the marches plus landing between them.

When calculating the length of a spiral staircase or a staircase with winder steps, the average length of the flight is calculated. In this case, the measurement is performed at a distance of 50 cm from the railing (edge ​​of the span).

Width of stairs in a private house

Width - the distance of the stairs from the wall or between two handrails. Recommended parameters are shown in the diagram.

Width of the flight of stairs:

• 1.5 m - increased level comfort;

• 1-1.2 m - comfort zone;

• 0.8-1 m - only permissible for a flight of stairs located along the wall;

• less than 0.8 m. is only suitable for auxiliary stairs.

Width of a flight of stairs with winder steps:

Spiral staircase width:

• 1.4 m - comfort zone;

• 1.1 m is the minimum allowable width.

This is due to the fact that the winder steps taper towards the central element of the staircase.

Stair inclination angle (steepness)

The angle of inclination determines the ease of use of the stairs. A staircase that is too steep allows you to save useful space, but a flat staircase makes moving along it more comfortable.

The type of staircase depending on the steepness is shown in Fig. Here you can clearly see at what angle the staircase in a living room should be.

Most comfortable option for movement is located in the green zone of the picture.

Material prepared for the website www.site

Note. When the angle of inclination is over 45°, you can only go down the stairs with your back forward.

As practice shows, most often in the house they use combined options. To understand at what angle to place the handrail on the stairs, you need to draw a parallel between the base of the stairs (stringer, bowstring) and lay the handrail along it. Mathematically, this is a simple calculation of the angle using the Pythagorean theorem.

Number of steps of the staircase

The number of steps is not regulated and depends on the height of the stairs and the height of the tread (riser). In two-flight staircases, it is recommended to have the same number of steps in both flights, but in practice the steps are distributed unequally between the flights.

Note. For multi-apartment residential buildings, the number of steps is regulated and is 9-11 steps.

Tread height (distance between stair steps)

Users found the distance between adjacent steps to be 150 mm most convenient for movement.

Note. For those who make their own stairs, the excess height can be easily removed by adjusting the height of the tread between the last and penultimate step or between the first and second.

Stair step (step width)

You need to rest your full foot on the stair step. Therefore, the optimal width of the stairs should be at least 230 mm. (size 35). The minimum acceptable width is 100 mm. But frequent walking on such steps is fraught with injury.

Note. If you increase the width of the steps beyond 650 mm (the average step length of an adult), then when walking on such stairs you can get confused and stumble.

You can increase the width of the step by extending the step. In this case, the step should not overhang the previous one by more than 50 mm.

Note. When calculating the width of the stairs, do not forget that the distance between the balusters should be within 100-150 mm. Otherwise, such a fence will be unsafe. In turn, the balusters are installed so that the aesthetics of the fence are maintained - one per step, two per step, or otherwise.

Stair step length

The length of the step is determined by the design of the staircase. If two strings are used as the main structural element, the length of the step corresponds to the distance between them. If there is a stringer (one or two), then the length of the step is determined by the customer.

Rule 4 - Accurate calculation of the dimensions of the stairs

Since all parameters are interconnected, to calculate them, it is enough to have basic knowledge of geometry. We will show you how to calculate a staircase using an example.

Example 1. Calculation of the length of the stairs and the width of the opening

In this case, the calculation is simple and suitable for those who have a lot of free space in the room.

How to calculate the length of stairs in a house

Determined in the following way. To the room height of 3000 mm, a ceiling width of 200 mm is added. The resulting value is 3200 mm. divide by 160 mm (recommended riser height) and we get the number 20. That is. the staircase will contain 20 steps.

Based on the fact that the recommended step width is 300 mm, the length of the stairs should be 6000 mm (20 steps of 300 mm each). Or, if the step is extended by 50 mm, then the length of the staircase will be 5000 mm (20 steps by 250 mm (300 mm - 50 mm)).

How to calculate the width of a staircase opening

It is determined as follows: 1900 (recommended clearance value) is subtracted from 3000 mm (room height). We get 1100 mm. We divide this value by 160 mm (step height) and get the number of steps above which the ceiling can be located. The calculation result is 6.875, i.e. 7 steps.

The remaining 13 of the 20 steps must be located in an area free of overlap. Otherwise, walking under them will be uncomfortable. The width of the step is 300 mm, then the width of the opening will be 13x300 mm = 3900 mm.

We check 1100 (overlap width) + 3900 (opening width) = 6000 (staircase length)

However, not everyone has the opportunity to leave 6 or 5 meters under the stairs. In this case, it is worth playing with the width of the step or the height of the tread. Or you can make a staircase with a turn or with “duck step” steps. Such structures are more complex, which means the calculation will also be more complex.

An example of a drawing of a metal staircase on one stringer

Example 2. Calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs and parameters of the steps

These calculations are more complex and can be performed using several methods. Among them the following are known:

• computer method;
• Danish method;
• line lifting method;
• sweep method;

What these methods have in common is the need for basic design knowledge. The diagram of the staircase in a graphical interpretation obtained using the methods described above is shown in the figure.

• method of proportions.

Suitable for a beginner in the field of design and allows you to easily calculate both a straight line and stairs with winder steps or a spiral one. After all, there is a peculiarity here, namely, the steps narrow towards the center.

Calculation of a metal or wooden staircase with winder steps of 90 and 180 degrees using the proportion method is based on the uniform distribution of space on the turning section. The calculation is performed as follows:

1. a sketch of the stairs is made in horizontal projection;
2. a line is indicated showing the average length of the march. For convenience, we will place it in the middle;
3. a line indicating the middle of the staircase turn is indicated. The place where the longest step will be located.
4. We plot the width of the steps on the middle line. Thus, their number can be calculated. The calculation is carried out from the turning line.
5. We determine the points where the last identical steps will end. There should be two such points - at the beginning and at the end of the stairs. In rare cases, stairs begin or end with winder steps;
6. in the place where the step will have a minimum width (near one of the stringers, a bowstring or a screw pipe, we set aside 50 mm from the turning line. In total, 50+50 will give us 100 mm. Which is the minimum allowable width of the step;
7. we connect the marked points with the previously marked points that show the width of the steps and extend them to the opposite side (the second string, bowstring or railing of a spiral staircase).
8. set aside the remaining steps. Approximate proportion 1:2:3. One mm on the narrow part of the stairs is equal to 2 mm on midline and 3 on the wide part of the turn.

The data from the sketch is transferred to the staircase blanks in accordance with the scale.

The diagram of a staircase with winder steps and a 90-degree turn is clearly presented in the drawings

A staircase with winder steps with a 180-degree turn is calculated in a similar way.

The diagram of a staircase with winder steps with a 180 degree turn is presented below

This method of calculation cannot be called ultra-precise, but calculations sufficient to build a staircase with your own hands can be obtained. If you don't trust him, you can contact a specialist or use a computer program.

Calculation of stairs on bolts

The process is similar to calculating a staircase with winder steps. The only difference is in the method of fastening. The option of mounting on a wall string or without it is possible.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

The calculation of a spiral-type staircase is carried out similarly to the calculation of winder steps. But in this case, you need to accurately determine the configuration. From a design point of view, there are four types.

Note. The spiral staircase is considered the most dangerous in terms of movement.

Blueprints spiral staircases

Duck step ladder calculation

This configuration is good because it takes up minimal space, but such stairs are very troublesome to manufacture and operate. A duck step ladder is installed if the slope angle exceeds 45 degrees, and use ladder I don `t want. The peculiarity of this design is that only one leg rests on one step. However, despite this, the design of the frame of such a staircase is no different from the frame of a marching staircase. The only difference is in the shape of the steps.

Goose step staircase diagram

Note. According to the standard, the number of steps in a duck step staircase should be odd. Moreover, it is preferable to do the first step on the right. This is because most users have their dominant foot on the right. The maximum tread is also set to the right.

Computer programs for calculating stairs

The software method allows you to create a 3D project, visualize the project and obtain a drawing of the staircase with an accurate indication of all parameters. The most widespread programs are:

• “Compass” (as practice shows, most craftsmen are familiar with this program);

• SolidWorks - allows you to create the design of various engineering structures, not just stairs;

• Consultec Staircon - makes it possible not only to create a staircase project, but to calculate an estimate for its construction. A complete three-dimensional model allows you to get a complete picture of the future design.

Rule 5 - Detailed drawing or sketch

Calculation using a computer method or the method of proportions already presupposes the presence of a drawing of the future staircase. However, even those who make a simple staircase should create a sketch with dimensions marked on it.

Note. On the sketch you need to put not only the parameters of the staircase, but also indicate the main parameters of the room. For example, the presence and size of a window, a protruding part of a window sill, columns or other objects that can be placed change the configuration or parameters of the staircase during work.

Having thus prepared, you can begin building the stairs with your own hands.

Before you start creating a staircase for your private house or cottage, you must carefully make all the calculations. Moreover, it does not matter at all whether it is a structure made of wood or metal. At first glance, it may seem that building a staircase is a fairly simple task, but in practice the situation is different.

All its components, including railings and decorative ornaments, must be specified in the project initially. Thanks to this care, the design will be functional and comfortable for every family member. She also long years will delight its owners with its reliability. That is why we will dwell on all the main aspects in more detail.

In this article you will find out whether it is possible to make a calculation of this staircase

Features of the winder staircase

The winder design is the most successful combination staircase with a spiral staircase. The second plays the role of a transition platform, thanks to which you can save a significant amount of usable space. The main advantages of the design with winder steps are considered to be:

1. Its installation does not require a large area.
2. It is convenient for any family member to move around.
3. Stylish appearance that is suitable for any interior.

Calculations of staircase parameters

Experts consider the following to be the main parameters of any staircase:

1. Height.
2. Length.
3. Width.
4. Tilt angle.
5. Number of steps.
6. Tread height.
7. Step width.
8. Length of the step.

In this video you will learn how to calculate this staircase:

Let us dwell on each of these parameters in more detail, considering the main features of their calculation.

Height

Height is considered to be the distance from the floor surface of one floor to the floor surface of another. Important: not to the ceiling! If according to the design the structure should rest against the ceiling with its upper end, then it is necessary to make a small gap above it.

The height of the stairs to the second floor is calculated as follows: about 100 mm is added to the height of the tallest family member who will directly use it. Experienced professionals recommend about 2 m as a working height.

Stair length (flight length)

In traditional stairs, the length of the structure is usually made equal to its flight. A second option is possible, when you simply add the length of all the flights with the landing.

The calculation of the length of a staircase with winder steps is similar screw design. In each of these cases, the average value of the march length is taken. It is then recommended to take measurements at a distance of 50 cm relative to the edge of the span or railing.

Stair width

1. High level of comfort – 1.5 m.
2. The average comfort zone is 1-1.2 m.
3. If the flight of stairs is located along the wall - 0.8-1 m.
4. If the structure is not the main one, but an auxiliary one - less than 0.8 m.

Calculation of the width of stairs with winder steps:

1. The minimum width allowed for calculations is 1.1 m.

Calculation of width for screw structure:

1. The average comfort zone is 1.4 m.
2. The minimum width is 1.1 m.

Stair angle

Correct calculation will make the use of the future staircase structure as comfortable as possible. To save space, it is recommended to lay a steeper angle. The most comfortable design will be if you leave it flat. For residential premises, the maximum angle of inclination should not exceed 45°, otherwise, for safety reasons, descent along it is only allowed backwards.

It's best to combine various options, if space allows. To determine the degree of angle at which the handrail must be placed, you should draw parallel line with its base.

Don't forget about the slope of this staircase

Number of steps of the staircase

The calculation for any design option is determined by the following parameters:

1. Height of the stairs.
2. Tread height.

There is no strict regulation in this regard. However, experts recommend that for two-flight structures the number of steps be equal for each flight. But it is worth noting that practice shows that it is not always possible to adhere to this advice.

Tread height or distance between stair steps

The value of this parameter should be 150 mm. Compliance with this value will allow everyone, without exception, to move around this structure as comfortably as possible. The permissible deviation from the specified value should not exceed 9.5 mm.

Stair pitch (direct step width)

It is important to understand: a person will rest their entire foot on each step, which means that the ideal width will be 230 mm. The lower bar of this value is set at 100 mm. But keep in mind that constantly moving along such steps is extremely dangerous.

When calculating the step, it is worth remembering the distance between adjacent balusters. It should be on average 120-150 mm. If these parameters are not observed, such a fence risks becoming dangerous for everyone who uses the stairs. The installation of balusters depends solely on the design project.

Step length

What the length of the step will be depends solely on the chosen design. If the main structural element There are two bowstrings, which means the length must correspond to the distance between them. When using a stringer, the value is determined independently, taking into account the wishes of the customer.

How to make calculations

In order to calculate the length of the structure, you first need to calculate the height of the room where the staircase will be located. Afterwards, fold it with the width of the ceiling. We divide the result obtained by the height of the riser and at the output we get the number of steps. We multiply the resulting number by the width of one step and ultimately obtain the required length.

When calculating the width of the opening, it is necessary to subtract the clearance from the height of the room (according to the standard, it is 1900 mm). We divide the result obtained by the height of one step. As a result, we get a number showing the number of steps that will be under the ceiling. The rest in this case are located in the free zone.

We multiply their number by the width of one step and get the width of the opening.

To calculate the angle of inclination, it is best to use a special computer program, a staircase calculator, or the method of proportions. But the first option is still preferable for a beginner. It allows you to avoid errors and inaccuracies.

The screw structure is calculated according to a similar scenario with the winder. The main thing is to clearly define its configuration.

Graphical method

The most important part in making a staircase is a well-drawn drawing or sketch. All aspects should be worked out in detail, indicating the dimensions of each of the above parameters. Even the use of all kinds of calculators and staircase design programs does not eliminate the need to make a drawing. It is necessary for any type of structure, including the simplest one - marching.

Important! The sketch should contain, in addition to the parameters of the future staircase, the features of the room where it will be installed. This could be the presence of columns, windows, protruding window sills - in a word, anything that can affect the change in parameters during its assembly.

Online calculators

When designing a staircase from scratch, it is best to use online calculators. They provide a number of programs to assist in this matter. Here are some of them:

1. StairCon.
2. Compass/ND.
3. Stair Designer.
4. Solid Works.
5. Consultec Staircon.

There are a number of resources on which you can calculate all parameters

Design programs for calculations

To independently design a staircase with winder steps, you can use numerous programs, which will not be difficult to find on our website. They are incredibly easy to work with. First you need to specify a number of parameters:

1. Construction type.
2. March length.
3. The height and width of one step.
4. Material for making the future staircase.

Additionally, you may be asked to select the color of the stairs and its decorative design to present it in a more complete form.

Such programs are located on our portal or on the websites of manufacturers of stairs of any complexity. By using one of these utilities, you can see with your own eyes the fruits of your imagination, and also find out how much its production will cost.

Experts advise carefully approaching all calculations, without skipping any of them, since any mistake can affect the quality and safety of the structure.

Do not neglect to carefully select its location. Experts advise:

1. Do not place stairs in the living room.
2. Make sure that the approaches to it always remain clear.
3. It is better to entrust complex types of structures to professionals; beginners should start with the simplest ones.
4. When making calculations, pay special attention to moving up the stairs with a load in your hands.
5. Make sure the end point of the proposed staircase fits within the opening. In some cases it is not possible to make a hole.

A staircase is an indispensable means of moving between floors of residential and commercial premises. As a rule, owners of multi-storey private dwellings and country houses prefer a turning staircase. This design saves square meters in apartments, it looks impressive and fully performs its main functions - ascent and descent. How to correctly calculate a staircase depending on its type - read the article.

The calculation of the steps of the staircase leading to the second floor of a private house or apartment depends, first of all, on the type of structure - regular (straight) or curved (L-, U-shaped, screw). There are general formulas for calculating stairs, the basic values ​​of which vary depending on the type of staircase.

Most often, a formula based on step length is used for calculation: 2 x tread height + riser height = 60 cm.

When making calculations, you should focus, first of all, on the composition of the family (presence of children, elderly people). So, risers that are too high are not suitable for children, and for older people it will be difficult to use stairs with shallow treads.

How to calculate the steps of a staircase, knowing the length and height of the structure

One of the main indicators of the convenience and comfort of a staircase is the number of steps. The optimal number of steps for one flight of stairs is considered to be from 3 to 16. A smaller number increases the likelihood of stumbling, and a larger number increases the likelihood of getting tired when climbing.

In order to calculate the length of the stairs, you need to:

• Measure the distance between the floors of the first and second floors (do not forget about the thickness of the ceiling, which should be included in total length stairs);
• Divide the resulting value by the height of the riser.

The height of the riser, according to GOST, should be within 12-20 cm and selected in accordance with the type and purpose of the structure.

Constructing a “Duck Step” staircase: calculating the step of the stairs

“Duck step” is an ideal design for a small room: to organize such a staircase, 2.5 meters in length and 80 cm in width will be enough. The compactness of the staircase is achieved due to special design steps, the width of the tread increases in places corresponding to the step.

In order for the duck step design to be comfortable and safe, you must follow the following recommendations:

• For straight structures, the optimal width of the step tread at the step location is 300 mm;
• The step height should be increased to 15 cm minimum;
• Risers should only be used for wooden stairs;
• The transition from the wide to the narrow part of the step should be smooth, in metal structures it is allowed to use pedal steps without a narrowed part;
• To calculate the length of curved, spiral staircases, you should use the formula for calculating the length of structures with a rotation angle of 360 degrees: l = 2πr.

To calculate the length of a “duck” step, the following formula is suitable: squared step height + step width = 65 cm.

How to calculate stairs with steps of 90 and 180 degrees

The most popular type of staircase found in two-story houses and apartments - L-shaped - a design with winder, turning steps or a platform forming an angle of 90 degrees with adjacent walls.

The peculiarity of designing a turning staircase is that in different parts of the corner of the structure the width of the steps is different: at the outer edge of the staircase it is larger, at the inner edge it is smaller.

In order to calculate corner stairs, you need to select a type of design (spiral, with a straight or 180-degree angle) and enter certain parameters.

Namely:

• The height and length of the ceiling opening;
• Estimated width of the flight of stairs;
• Total number of steps;
• Estimated number of turning steps;
• Number of lower steps.

Most calculators also offer to determine the height of the step relative to the floor.

A computer program that does not require an Internet connection to carry out calculations and can provide both a two-dimensional and three-dimensional model of a rotary structure will also help you calculate corner stairs.

Calculation of staircase steps (video)

Today, in order to design a convenient and safe turning staircase, it is not necessary to turn to the services of construction companies. To do this, you can use simple formulas, online calculators or offline programs that allow you to create a staircase model that will fully comply with both your preferences and safety standards. All you have to do is choose the easiest and most convenient method and create a comfortable staircase that will fit perfectly into the interior of your apartment!

Ladder- this is one of the most important structures in any private house, as it is the basis for free movement between floors. When choosing a project, craftsmen are often guided only by the economic and aesthetic side of the problem, often neglecting construction and design standards and rules. However, ignoring such an important component in many cases leads to the product being unstable, unsafe and uncomfortable.

The effective construction service KALK.PRO offers to perform an automated calculation of stairs online using a 3D calculator, as a result of which you will receive everything you need to install the structure: comprehensive estimate, full set of drawings and interactive model for better visual perception. The staircase design program calculates the parameters of all elements and provides some recommendations based on the provisions of SNiP, GOST and TU, which are used for the manufacture of wooden buildings.

The program is easy to use and does not require special engineering skills - all fields of the calculator are intuitive, and the help includes illustrations with the designations of individual elements. Each calculation is accompanied by an assessment of the resulting structure, and if incorrect values ​​are entered - in case of critical deviations, the calculation will stop and a pop-up window will show in which field the error was made; if the deviation is insignificant, recommendations will be provided where the correction needs to be applied.

Use the calculator for calculating a wooden staircase to the second floor to create a truly reliable and comfortable design. Over 5 years of work, we have helped to implement over 3000 projects for residents of Russia, the CIS and Europe.

Why are our staircase calculators better?

Close cooperation with staircase manufacturers

Highest detail in drawings and 3D models

Final report with a list of required materials

Ready-made estimate for the construction of the structure by the contractor

Technical support helps when working with the calculator

Positive feedback and a large number of implemented projects

Unlike other sites online calculators staircases, our project has a number of undeniable advantages and these are not empty words, since you can personally check all these statements in practice.

• Constructor functionality. You can design any type of structure and choose the features for fastening the elements. If invalid values ​​are entered, the calculation will stop and a warning with an error will be displayed, on other resources - the calculation will be carried out in any case.
• Recommendations. Our calculator provides recommendations for many design elements, for example, you will find out the optimal parameters: angle of inclination, height of steps, width of the step board, tread width, staircase width, width of stringers (upper, intermediate, lower). On other sites - only tilt angle .
• . Our development department works closely with real staircase manufacturers, which means we focus on increased attention detailing and fastening of individual components. Professionals and private companies use our tool everywhere .
• Ready estimate. As a result of the calculation, the user receives a final report containing all necessary drawings, 3D model in the selected projection and a ready-made estimate for the manufacture of stairs, with detailed description quantity of materials . On other sites - only the dimensions of the elements.
• Graphic arts. Most visitors choose our site, among other reasons, because of the availability of high-quality, well-designed graphics. In addition to the fact that the drawings are as close as possible to the standards of technical documentation, the projection of individual elements in the diagram is selected in such a way that when cutting, the fiber direction wood (seam of laminated boards).
• . If you experience difficulties using the calculator or have questions regarding the resulting calculation, we will look into the situation and we'll try to answer for any constructive questions 24/7.
• Personal Area. Our website also has a convenient Personal Area, in which the results of calculating a staircase or any other structure are saved - you you'll never lose your project, and you can also download the download at any time, regardless of the time of the operation.

Every month we receive dozens of positive reviews and thanks from users of the KALK.PRO project. On the page " Reviews" located finished projects structures made based on the calculations of our tools.

Designer capabilities

The service provides a large number of proven tools, using which you can create a convenient, reliable and safe design. In its calculations, the 3D staircase designer algorithm takes into account the data of SNiP 21-01-97 (SP 112.13330.2011) “Fire safety of buildings and structures”, SNiP 31-02-2001 (SP 55.13330.2010) “Single-apartment residential buildings”, SNiP 2.08 .01-89 “Residential buildings”, SNiP 2.08.02-89 (SP 118.13330.2011) “ Public buildings and structures", SNiP 2.01.07-85 (SP 20.13330.2010) "Loads and impacts", GOST 23120-78 "Flight stairs, platforms and steel fences", etc.

Currently, the program offers calculations for the following types of wooden structures:

• straight staircase (on stringers, on bowstrings);
• staircase with winder steps at 90° (two-flight);
• staircase with winder steps 180° (two-flight);
• staircase with winder steps 180° (three-flight);
• staircase with a 90° turntable (two-flight);
• staircase with a 180° rotating platform (two-flight);
• staircase with a 180° rotating platform (three flights).

In addition to this, we also have on the project calculation of metal stairs- perhaps you will be interested in the design on a broken string (zigzag)?!

Among the main features of the calculator, it is necessary to highlight ( - only on KALK.PRO) :

• Units. Ability to select units of measurement (mm, cm, m, inches, feet), as well as their automatic translation in the calculator fields and results without recalculation by the user.
• Drawing color. Possibility of choosing color or monochrome drawing of drawings. May be useful for persons with disabilities and, if necessary, increasing the contrast of individual elements.
• Staircase option. Possibility to select the side of the staircase (right or left).
• Fastening turning steps . Possibility to choose the type of fastening of the turning steps to the support column (tenon-groove connection, slotted connection support pillar).
• Opening parameters. Classic fields to enter opening parameters (height, length, width).
• Definition of an opening. Calculators have the ability to select a direction (segment) along the outer edge of the stairs (upper, intermediate or lower flight), which will be taken as the length of the opening. The characteristics of the staircase directly depend on this parameter.
• Calculation of stepsstairs. Depending on the calculator, you will need to enter the number of upper, intermediate and lower steps, their thickness and protrusion. It is also necessary to indicate whether the upper step is considered below the level of the second floor or not.
• Risers. It is possible to note whether the installation of risers is required and, if so, what thickness they will be.
• Stringers(for stairs on a stringer). You must enter the thickness and width of the stringer.
• Bowstring(for stairs on a bowstring). You must enter the thickness and width of the string. We also take into account the heel margin and the bowstring width margin (front, back), and the drawings are presented in two projections.
• Support beams. You must enter the thickness and width of the stiffener beams.
• Support pillars. It is necessary to enter the value of the cross-sectional side of the support column.
• Stair railing. Fields for entering parameters of staircase enclosing elements: handrails (thickness, width, height), balusters (section side).
• Floor slab. Fields for entering floor parameters (protrusion above the opening, distance from the wall, thickness).
• Wall. Optional field, necessary for better visual perception.

A well-executed design of a staircase to the second floor in a private house will save a significant amount of time and money on the construction.

Calculation results

As a result of calculating the stairs online, you receive a comprehensive estimate with the optimal consumption of materials (quantity, volume) and detailed characteristics each structural element. However, the most important thing is that the convenience of the structure will be assessed according to the following parameters: the angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of the stairs, the number of steps, the height of the steps, the depth of the tread, the minimum width of the stringer/string); after which you can adjust the parameters and accept final decision about the need to use this type of ladder.

Calculations are carried out on the basis of classical mathematical logic using simple geometric formulas, so calculation errors are minimized, however, it is worth considering rounding numbers when displaying dimensions in drawings. There is a direct relationship that determines that the accuracy of displaying the calculation result is higher when using units of measurement of a lower order, that is, for millimeters the error will be no more than 0.1 mm, and when choosing centimeters - ~1 mm, etc.

Also worth noting some features when transferring dimensions from drawings to a real structure. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the cut, which has physical dimensions of several millimeters in width. Secondly, we must not forget about the cumulative error, an example of which can be demonstrated as follows.

A calculation was made of a staircase (in centimeters) with 10 steps with an opening height of 162.5 cm - as a result, in the drawings the height of each step was 16.3 cm. However, you can notice that if you make a reverse calculation by steps, you get 16.3 cm × 10 = 163 cm, which is actually 0.5 cm higher than the height of the opening. This situation arises due to the fact that when drawing on the drawings, values ​​are rounded to the first decimal place, i.e., under the number 16.3 cm the value of 16.25 cm was “hidden”. To reduce such errors to a minimum calculations should be made in millimeters However, in some situations it will still be necessary to adjust the outermost elements of the structure when installing in height.

Staircase drawing with dimensions

Staircase drawings are the most important component of any design documentation, as they allow you to record the design features of the elements and their connections. They also provide an opportunity to preliminary evaluate the parameters of individual design components in practice. That is, by making templates from cheaper materials, such as cardboard or paper, you can eliminate the error on initial stage and save a significant amount of money on materials.

However, you should not assume that you can draw a staircase diagram yourself without proper experience in drawing and design. Without special training, you are unlikely to be able to maintain the dimensions of the drawings, maintain accuracy down to a fraction of a millimeter and at the same time show accuracy, maintaining the readability of each element. Professional computer programs AutoCAD, Compass-3D, CorelDRAW, etc. cost a considerable amount of money; in addition, without the proper operating skills, it will take a lot of time to even learn the basics.

The KALK.PRO service eliminates unnecessary difficulties and provides ready-made drawings of wooden stairs based on the user’s entered data. Our diagrams are distinguished by excellent elaboration of individual node connections and the whole picture as a whole, you can evaluate for yourself high quality graphics and compare it with other services.

3D model

A 3D model of the staircase allows you to examine the resulting structure in real proportions and evaluate the prospects for using the current project. Unlike drawings, a three-dimensional model is not intended for the production of structural elements, but it is capable of visually conveying the general idea of ​​an object down to the smallest detail.

On our website, a 3D staircase design is drawn based on the user’s entered data with absolute accuracy without any distortions or errors. Zooming and controlling the camera occurs using the mouse - left and right keys, respectively. The three-dimensional model can be downloaded in the selected projection on the staircase calculator tab in PNG format, it is also possible to download graphics in OBJ format (supported by Autodesk 3ds Max, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, PC LIRA...) for further editing.

How to calculate stairs online using a calculator?

To calculate a staircase with drawings using an online calculator, you need to go to the tab of the appropriate design and fill in all the fields based on the available opening parameters. However, first we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the proposed video, which describes in detail all the steps of working in the program and provides advice from a professional master, who personally manufactures stairs.

Calculating stairs online using a calculator from KALK.PRO is confidence in the quality of the structures being built due to high precision operations performed.

How to make a comfortable staircase?

The choice of staircase design depends to a greater extent on the parameters of the opening and to a lesser extent on one’s own preferences, since in the predominant number of private houses redevelopment is excluded and it is necessary adapt to existing conditions. In this case, the main task of the master is reduced to the most rational use available space in order to achieve optimal characteristics of the staircase, which will ensure high ergonomics of the structure as a whole.

Accordingly, we can identify a certain directly proportional relationship, the arguments of which are the area of ​​the structure in projection onto the surface of the floor/ceiling and the conditional convenience coefficient. The correlation occurs according to the principle - the larger the occupied area, the greater the convenience a person will experience when moving between levels. In decreasing order of convenience, the sorting looks like this:

• the stairs are straight;
• stairs with a platform;
• stairs with winder steps;
• combined stairs;
• spiral staircases.

Thus, the best structures are considered to be flight stairs, then combined and then last place spiral.

In the case of choosing classic designs on a stringer or bowstring, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the overall slope of the staircase, calculation of steps, height of railings, etc. The list of all recommendations and rules is quite extensive, but among the most significant it is worth noting the following values:

• staircase inclination angle from 30° to 45°;
• the number of steps per march should vary from 3 to 16 and be odd, so that the first and last step fall on one foot;
• the recommended height of the steps is 12-20 cm, the optimal height is 15-18 cm;
• width (depth) of steps - 27-30 cm;
• the height of the railing should not be less than 90 cm; if there are children, it is better to increase it to 150 cm;
• The safe installation interval for balusters is 10-15 cm.

Compliance with these and other recommended parameters is extremely important - comfort during movement and safety, minimization of the occupied space, compliance with requirements depend on them fire safety, capacity of the staircase structure. Each online staircase calculator from KALK.PRO evaluates structures and provides some recommendations, which can be viewed in the corresponding block of the report.