Which water purification system is best for your home? Water purification system in an apartment: types and subtleties of choice

IN apartment buildings There is a centralized water supply system drinking water. Of course, before entering residential apartments, water treatment is carried out, but it cannot be said with certainty that even after this, the water is completely ready for use. To obtain water that is truly purified from mechanical impurities and dissolved salts, it is necessary to use additional purification systems, which are available in a wide range.

Peculiarities

The current water purification in water pipelines follows the same type of scheme; it consists of several stages.

First you need to install a mechanical cleaning filter– here it is optimal to use mainline options, which are equipped with replaceable polypropylene cartridges. Such purifiers effectively retain iron, sand, and other suspended matter, which not only improves water quality, but also prevents the occurrence of rust. The main devices are cut directly into the water supply, this allows you to clean running water completely 100%.

Please note that to purify hot water you must use special designs, resistant to impact high temperatures. The use of coarse filters allows not only to purify water from mechanical impurities, but also to significantly increase the service life of the entire plumbing system in the apartment.

At the next stage, hot and cold water cleaned from chlorine and metal impurities, for this they also use main water filters with carbon cartridges, and the result of using the cleaning system is immediately noticeable to the naked eye - after passing through it, the water acquires a bluish tint and also disappears bad smell chlorine

When taking a shower with water purified in this way, apartment residents do not complain about the unpleasant feeling of skin tightness that occurs after hygiene procedures using unfiltered water.

At the third stage, hardness salts (calcium and magnesium) are removed, which contribute to the formation of scale and plaque. inside pipelines and other plumbing elements in the apartment. The filters used for this contain special softeners.

Well then finishing stage a filter is used that is installed directly on the sink - it is used to obtain high-quality drinking water.

Modern water purification systems are subject to the most stringent requirements– it must be efficient, environmentally friendly, ergonomic and reliable. As a rule, it includes filters, as well as hoses and containers for supplying clean water, but at the same time it has minimal dimensions - the most popular options are compact models that can be easily placed under the sink.

Undoubtedly, a private house or a cottage has a great advantage over apartments when we're talking about about creating a water purification system, since a separate room or isolated space can be allocated for it; in an apartment, space is limited by size and layout. Therefore, all elements of the cleaning system are constantly in contact with residents.

But you should also keep in mind that apartment buildings are fed from a common central water supply, therefore, there is no need for pre-treatment, since water enters homes already purified from mechanical impurities, pathogens and dangerous compounds. The main purpose of filters in apartments is to remove calcium and magnesium salts, as well as excess chlorine.

In conditions small apartments Filter jugs and other systems equipped with storage tanks for storing filtrate are optimal.

Often water purification systems in apartments contain non-standard methods of water preparation: magnetic field, ultrasound and the like. However, most urban residents prefer a standard approach to water treatment, which long years proven to be reliable and fully responsive current standards and standards.

Varieties

Mechanical filtration is used to remove solid impurities; filters are divided into options with and without auto-washing.

The first ones have compact dimensions, their diameters correspond to the parameters of the pipe into which they are mounted.

Typically the body of such products is made of brass or of stainless steel, A threaded connections can be very diverse in materials and sizes; they are selected individually in each case. Such filters have quite low price– as a rule, their cost does not exceed hundreds of rubles, although there are more expensive branded models.

Since the screens periodically become clogged, they have to be cleaned regularly, so Bottom part The flask is usually removable, it can be easily unscrewed and removed, and after cleaning the mesh, it returns to its place.

The self-washing filter is equipped with a pipe and a tap, which are installed in the lower part of the flask. Using a hose, the pipe has an outlet into the sewer, so if you need to clean such a filter, you just need to open the tap, and the water flowing under pressure will wash all the contents into the sewer. After this, the tap is closed and the device can be operated further.

As a rule, such filters are equipped with a pressure gauge, which is used to determine the degree of clogging of the mesh: if the pressure drops, it means it’s time to clean the filter. However, if the filter is equipped with a transparent flask, then a pressure gauge is not needed - the degree of contamination can be determined by its appearance.

Depending on the type of connection, all mechanical filters can be flanged or coupling. Flanged filters are usually used for the production of main filters, which are installed in high-pressure water pipes.

Disc filters are less popular. They are a set of rings, the surface of which has scratches of varying depths. At the same time, the disks are pressed very tightly together; when water passes through them, it comes into contact with all the hollows so that increasingly large particles settle on their walls. Since the movement occurs in a spiral, the removal of suspended matter is quite high-quality.

Water purified from mechanical impurities can be used for laundry, dishwashing, cleaning and other household needs. However, it is not suitable for drinking or cooking. Relatively speaking, it can be used for ingestion only after boiling, and in order to be able to drink water without heat treatment, you need to use fine filters that can effectively remove most of the dissolved substances and disinfect it.

Most often, one of several popular options is used for this.

Filter jug

This is the most affordable and affordable option, which effectively reduces the content of chlorine, copper and iron in liquids, softens water and retains mechanical impurities.

Purification occurs when water passes through a replaceable cartridge, which contains:

• activated carbon – necessary for removing chlorine-containing compounds and microorganisms;
• polypropylene fibers - which are used to deposit residual solid impurities;
• ion exchange resin - allows you to remove calcium and manganese salts, as well as heavy metal compounds and radionuclides.

The advantages of filter jugs include their ease of use and low price.

Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the short service life of the cartridge and the lack of possibility for their restoration.

When purchasing jugs, you should give preference to brands from well-known manufacturers, since cheaper options often only perform rough cleaning.

Attachment on the crane

Another popular type of filters, which are similar in principle to jugs. As water passes through such a nozzle, all chlorine compounds and mechanical impurities are removed from the inlet. Certain varieties can also remove hardness salts, heavy metals, iron ions and aluminum, and in addition, nozzles containing activated carbon are cleaned of most types of bacteria, phenol and organic matter.

The popularity of the nozzles is explained by their ease of installation and small dimensions. The disadvantages are the same as those of jugs, and in terms of the cost of cleaning per incoming liter of water, it turns out that these filters are more expensive than multi-stage cleaning systems.

Multi-stage cleaning

The effectiveness of cartridge filters largely depends on the number of degrees of purification - that is, individual filter elements that can trap certain types of contaminants.

Such systems can be one-, two-, three- and even four-stage.

Single-stage ones contain universal inserts with a multilayer structure; they are quite cheap. However, their effectiveness raises many doubts, since the composition of water varies greatly in each region, and if universal systems are used, one cannot count on the fact that impurities specific to a particular area will be removed from the water.

Multistage filters consist of a body of several flasks, each of which contains a special filter component that removes strictly defined types of contaminants. These flasks are connected to each other using overflows, flowing through which the water is gradually purified. The advantage of such a system is the ability to install a specific filter for your analysis. tap water– this significantly improves the quality of cleaning. However, such filters require free space, are difficult to install and are expensive. Reverse osmosis of such filters requires a significant volume of water - in order to purify 1 liter of water, up to 5 liters of “waste” are needed.

There is an opinion that deep purification of water washes out all microelements useful for humans; this theory has found neither confirmation nor refutation, but for those who fear the loss of their water useful properties, water mineralizers are always on sale.

Let us separately dwell on filter options that are used in multi-stage systems for cleaning various types dissolved substances.

If the water acquires a brown tint and a characteristic taste, this may indicate a high iron content in it; this phenomenon often occurs when water from wells and wells is used. Such water causes the formation of deposits on the walls of sanitary fixtures and clogs shut-off equipment; if the concentration of ferrocompounds exceeds 2 mg/liter, then they must be removed.

The best solution in this situation would be to use a catalytic filter.– it is a fairly large cylinder in which catalysts are placed; such equipment requires connection to an electrical network.

When introducing special components into the backfill, manganese, chlorine and other substances can be removed.

As a rule, sediment removal is carried out according to a certain schedule, most often at night. The backfill is effectively washed under the influence of water pressure, all pollutants are discharged into the sewer, usually at night time.

Catalytic filters are very complex and by no means cheap equipment, but they are the most reliable and durable of all those on the market.

There is another way to remove iron salts from water - aeration. To do this, water is supplied to a reservoir with air, which is pumped through nozzles in the form of a suspension, the iron contained in it reacts with oxygen, oxidizes, and the resulting oxides remain in the filter at the outlet.

There are two types of filters for purifying water of this type - pressure and non-pressure. For more active oxidation, an oxidizing agent - hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite - can be supplied to these installations. In this case, it is also carried out biological treatment water - from microbes and bacteria.

Well-known manufacturers and reviews

When purchasing a water filter, it is very important to truly choose quality product, which will effectively purify water from all types of contaminants. Unfortunately, today's market is literally flooded with a wide variety of fakes that claim to perform comprehensive cleaning, but in fact only remove solid particles and chlorinate.

Based on consumer reviews, a rating was compiled of manufacturers whose products have proven themselves to be high-quality and reliable.

The absolute leaders are the products of the Aquaphor brand. This company sells a wide range of a wide variety of cartridge filters - for drinking water, for showers, as well as for washing and dishwashers. Among the products of this brand, you can always choose installations aimed at purifying both cold and hot water, which completely neutralize all types of chemical compounds. However, among the products you can also find filters whose tasks include only rough cleaning - all information about the functional purpose is placed on the packaging.

Filters from the German manufacturer Honeywell are no less popular., which offers devices that can withstand significant excess operating pressure in the water supply system, which can reach 10 times. Among the products offered by this brand, you can find both coarse and fine filters, and the main filter element is a special metal mesh, which is closed in a reliable high-strength flask.

Cleaning systems are very popular among domestic companies " New Water». Products of this brand are distinguished by their affordability and exceptionally high quality. The assortment of manufactured products includes main filters with a separate tap, the degree and level of water purification in which can be adjusted by changing cartridges.

A large number of users prefer the Geyser brand, the company tirelessly introduces the latest technological developments into production, thanks to which it has created treatment systems based on ion exchange polymer.

It should be noted that a lot of different filters are produced under the Geyser brand; the products are presented in all regions of our country. In stores you can find both simple household models and complex industrial installations that can simultaneously clean quite large volumes of liquid.

Atoll – the company operates in the cleaning systems market for decades and has been tirelessly investing in improving its products. As a result, each newly created model released at this production has more and more advanced and reliable fastening and longer lifespan. The cost of production is low, making filters of this brand available to Russian users.

Coolmart is Russian company, located in Vladivostok. The company began its activities more than 20 years ago, starting with the production of one of the first remineralizing water purifiers in our country. Today, the main volume of products is sold in the Primorsky Territory, as well as in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

And also users note high quality Fibos products.

You can learn more about the filters of the Novaya Voda brand by watching the following video.

How to choose?

To choose the optimal water treatment system for installation in an apartment, it is not enough to find out the reviews of family and friends; you need to take into account your own operating parameters.

If financial possibilities allow, then the best option There will be a nanofilter that will serve faithfully for many years and will not require replacing the cartridge, and the water after it will be ideal.

Every person wants to drink clean water. For example, you probably want to forget about the smell of chlorine, the brownish tint, rust... Our rating includes the best (according to customer and expert reviews) popular water filters. You will be able to choose exactly the product that you need, whether you live in a densely populated metropolis or in country house. Read and become the owners of truly clean water!

Types of household water filters

Cumulative

• Filter jugs. One of the most popular varieties due to its mobility, accessibility and ease of maintenance. The design consists, in fact, of a jug and an upper funnel with a lid and a cleaning cartridge installed inside. Water flows through several filter layers, is purified and ends up in a storage tank. Cartridges can be of several types - universal or with specific properties (for example, reducing water hardness, removing iron, etc.);
• Dispensers-cleaners. The principle of operation is also simple and unpretentious - water is poured from above and below own weight passes through the filter system into the lower tank. The main difference from jugs is the noticeably larger volume and the presence of a drain tap.

Flow-through

• Faucet attachments. Inexpensive and easy-to-install filters with a one- or two-stage cleaning system, which usually boils down to neutralizing chlorine and rust. Cassettes don't last long, but they are available and inexpensive;
• Tabletop systems “next to the sink”. Representatives of this category have average performance, differ in the method and degree of water filtration, and, accordingly, in price. Disadvantage - they take up a lot of space in the kitchen;
• Under-sink systems. The most effective devices with multi-stage filtration, including disinfection and water softening. The most advanced varieties are models with reverse osmosis, the key component of which is a semi-permeable membrane that allows only water molecules to pass through. But bacteria, viruses, heavy metals and other harmful impurities are not given a chance to “leak through”. The degree of purification is so high that additional mineralization is used to give the water drinking qualities.
• Main or prefilters. They are installed directly into the water supply system and can be used both for individual taps and for the entire apartment or house. The filter element is a special cartridge, and in the simplest examples, a regular metal mesh.

Everyone wants to drink water in hot weather, and not just drink it, but not feel that ubiquitous smell of chlorine or rust. Multi-story houses Tap water has never been known for its purity, and even private cottages and other “houses in the village” sometimes contain brownish liquid of dubious content.

Sometimes the only solution for a densely populated city is some kind of household water purification system for an apartment, which may not be completely, but will rid your tap of unpleasant impurities and odors. Such devices are not such expensive equipment for the average city resident. Almost any family that cares about their health can afford it.

So, let’s figure out which water purification system to choose for an apartment, what to pay attention to first of all when purchasing, and in general, whether these devices are worth the money spent on them.

Types of systems

All systems of this type can be divided into two types - storage and flow. The first include filter jugs and dispenser cleaners. That is, the principle of operation of such devices is extremely simple: there is a container that is closed with a lid, where the cleaning filters are located, we slowly pour water into it, it passes through the filtration system - we get purified liquid.

Flow devices

Flow-through drinking water purification systems in an apartment operate according to a similar scenario, but can process a significantly larger volume of water, that is, withstand a certain pressure, and at the same time purify the liquid. They are installed on sinks, under sinks or in the main, that is, they are built directly into the water supply system.

Let us indicate the most popular and best systems water purification for apartments, which distinguished themselves by the quality of their work and the efficiency of their work.

"Source Bio SE-10"

Here, filtration occurs according to the dispenser type. That is, water is purified under the weight of its own weight, passing through a system of filters for water purification. This model fits perfectly into an apartment: you don’t need to set up, attach or arrange anything, just pour some water into the device.

The only thing that suffers in this case is your time. The processing speed of the liquid is minimal, because it is squeezed out literally drop by drop. But, on the other hand, the output filtration quality is the best in its class. If the speed of obtaining clean liquid is not the main thing for you, then the water purification system in the apartment “Istochnik Bio” will be an excellent option.

Advantages of the model:

• excellent filtration;
• five-step cleaning;
• attractive design in modern style;
• The delivery set includes a smart faucet;
• transparent body of the system.

Flaws:

• very slow liquid purification.

The estimated cost is about 5,000 rubles.

"Barrier Smart"

A filter jug ​​is the easiest and most economical water purification system in an apartment. The model was distinguished by its amazing ergonomics, many body color options and, of course, its filtration efficiency.

The original design of the funnel allows you to drain the resulting liquid without waiting for final cleaning. If the filter is dirty and it’s time to change it, it will remind you of this using a special mechanical indicator. The water purification system in the apartment itself is made of safe and reliable materials.

System Features

The cartridge is enough for approximately 350 liters of filtration, which is equivalent to 90 days of use per two consumers. If the family consists of 3 or 4 people, then the cassette will need to be replaced after 60 or 45 days, respectively.

Pros of the model:

• attractive appearance and numerous color variations;
• can be used 8 different types cassettes (degree of purification);
• reliable and monolithic design without backlashes or extraneous gaps.

• It doesn’t fit in the refrigerator door due to its size.

Approximate price - about 500 rubles.

"New Water T5"

Such water purification systems in an apartment are used primarily to eliminate the harmful effects of hard water on the skin of the entire body and to cleanse the liquid from foreign dyes such as iron. The “Novaya Voda” faucet attachment solves both problems with five points.

Even completely rusty water after filtration through T5 becomes transparent and suitable for further use. Your skin will also thank you after trying this system: tightness after taking a shower will disappear, flaking will disappear, and even brushing your teeth will become noticeably more pleasant. Despite such a high price tag for this type of equipment, the system is worth the money, especially since experts recognized the model as quite balanced in terms of price/quality.

System advantages:

• excellent cleaning quality;
• fast filtration without delays (the pressure is almost the same at the inlet and outlet);
• three-stage cleaning;
• The system is suitable for both cold and cold hot water;
• extremely simple installation.

Flaws:

• The price is a bit high for filters of this type.

The estimated cost is about 2800 rubles.

"New water Expert M312"

This system not only copes well with the tasks assigned to it, but is also easy to use. The filter is attached under the sink and takes up absolutely no space. small area. The system works comprehensively and has 4 cleaning stages, each requiring its own separate cartridge.

At the first stage (A), insoluble oxides and various types of impurities such as sand, scale or rust are eliminated. The cassette protects the remaining cartridges from unnecessary load by taking on the hardest “work”, thereby increasing their service life.

At the second stage (B), a sorption cartridge filled with coal and silver granules filters the liquid from organics and heavy metals. The main problem here is chlorine, which it copes with very well.

The third step (C) is mixing activated carbon and zeolite of synthetic origin. This technology is called Ferro Ban. Through it, the liquid gets rid of manganese and iron, and the silver granules remaining from the previous stage prevent the development of microbes and bacteria.

The cycle (D) concludes with final deferrization and removal of unpleasant taste and odor from water. What works here is a carbon block made from coconut shells and compressed coal. All stages take place at the proper speed, so it is quite difficult to notice a decrease in water pressure.

Distinctive features of the system

As a result, we get the purest water from good taste and without any smell. Owners speak especially warmly about this household liquid purification system. They appreciated all the advantages of multi-stage, and most importantly, effective filtration, resulting in an exceptional product that full right can be called H2O.

As for the price, there were no complaints or complaints at all. The device fully justifies the investment in it and is considered the best in its class. Experts unanimously assure consumers that the system fully meets the price/quality ratio. Some users slightly modify the brackets and fasteners for installation in the bathroom, which allows them to shower with proper comfort, and not just wash dishes and drink clean water.

Advantages of the device:

• small dimensions allow you to attach the system to any sink;
• a rich set of supplies (clean water tap, holders and brackets for installation, etc.);
• high service life of cartridges (about six months);
• attractive warranty period - 3 years.

There are no cons.

The approximate price is about 6,000 rubles.

Ordinary water from a public water supply rarely meets sanitary and hygienic standards, and certainly does not add truly beneficial nutrients to a person. For this reason, a considerable proportion of urban residents have long switched to customized systems filtration. In many ways, this is a costly and troublesome decision, but from the point of view of taking care of your health, it justifies itself. The modern system in the apartment is presented in different options. Some of them are distinguished by their filtration efficiency, others are more convenient to use, and others also include additional beneficial substances in the liquid.

What types of systems exist?

Industrial filtration is by far the most common area in the field of cleaning systems. In this way, bottled water is produced, which can also be used in an apartment or house. Integrated and compact units that serve small volumes of liquid are also popular. In the first case, the water purification system in the apartment is introduced into the water supply channel and subsequently requires special maintenance. The second option does not cause problems with installation operations and is operated as usual kitchen device. In choise suitable option It is worth evaluating a wide range of criteria, not forgetting that the filtration system can also eliminate some beneficial bacteria.

Jug-type devices

The simplest and most popular way to obtain clean water at home. This system is implemented in the form of a small plastic jug, in the center of which there is a separation barrier with a filter cartridge. It is important to note that one such element is capable of passing about 300 liters of liquid through itself, maintaining an optimal level of water treatment. The cleaning itself is carried out with a particle tolerance of about 20 microns. That is, compared to other means, this is not the most efficient system filters for water purification (in an apartment), but as a tool for basic or temporary preparation of a drinking resource it can be used at home. Moreover, compared to analogues, this option benefits due to several positive points. Firstly, the convenience of using such a jug is noted. It is mobile in use and does not take up much space in the kitchen. Secondly, the cost of cartridges is not so high compared to the cost of servicing more technologically advanced and efficient installations.

Flow filters

This group of filters is by far the most common in the homes of consumers who are demanding on water quality. They come in two types - upper and lower, which are located under the sink. As a rule, the installation of water purification systems in an apartment of this type is carried out using a plumbing tie-in into the water line. This allows the system to provide constant control, and at a high level. For example, an average flow-type filtration system is capable of eliminating particles with a fraction of about 0.1 microns. Models in this segment are also convenient from the point of view of use, as they do not clutter kitchen space. However, if the need arises for local plumbing repairs, having a built-in filtration device may be an inconvenience. Another disadvantage of flow-through systems is the need to regularly change cartridges - manufacturers recommend updating equipment every six months.

Filtration via faucet attachments

One of the simplest solutions to the problem of clean water supply is to use a faucet attachment. Such devices are simply put on the faucet head, after which they also filter running water. From the outside, this solution seems the most attractive, but it also has significant drawbacks. These include a small volume of cleaning sorbent and low level productivity. That is, if the flow-through installations described above have a minimal effect on the flow rate, then the water purification system in the apartment, such as a nozzle, can slow down the operation of the faucet. There is another nuance of operation - the installation itself, although it does not have large dimensions, in some cases can cause certain inconvenience when washing large-sized dishes.

Reviews about manufacturers

The segment of cleaning systems is quite densely represented by domestic products. In particular, users praise the products of the company "Aquaphor" and "Geyser" for their organic combination of low cost and performance characteristics. However, if you need to obtain a high-quality filtration result, it is recommended to contact the companies Atoll, BRITA and Teko-Filter. Bluefilters offers effective comprehensive solutions. Even, according to experts, it offers the best water purification systems for apartments, based on the principle of osmosis. Innovative solutions are also being mastered by employees of the AquaShield enterprise, under whose brand, for example, technological systems based on electromagnetic components are produced. The undeniable advantages of such models include complete elimination of the need to regularly change consumables.

How much does a water purification system cost in an apartment?

The cost of cleaning devices is largely determined by the type of design and filtration principle. For example, the most affordable jug models can cost about 300-500 rubles. For more high level there are flow-through water purification systems for the apartment. Prices in in this case can reach 3-4 thousand. In the same segment there are installations that provide filtration based on the principle of osmosis.

The most expensive cleaning systems are available for 10-15 thousand. What do manufacturers offer for this money? As a rule, these are sets of filters that are installed under the sink. The presence of a stylish housing and the possibility of separate installation are the distinctive properties that distinguish premium water purification systems for apartments. Prices for filters in such configurations can reach 20 thousand.

Conclusion

Despite the obvious pros and cons of different water purification systems, the question of choice optimal solution is far from so simple. Besides design features, you should also take into account the quality of direct filtration that is provided by different systems water purification for the apartment. How to choose best option by this criterion? A win-win option can become a comprehensive water treatment. IN modern systems flow type, for example, provides for universal cleaning, iron removal, softening, bacteriological effect, as well as ionization and mineralization. But, on the other hand, a simple pitcher filter will be able to retain some of the beneficial salts and bacteria precisely because of the imperfection of its membrane.

Not good pure water in the water supply creates many problems. These include health problems, effects on household appliances, and many other disadvantages. A water purification system in the apartment will help you cope with them. It includes several stages, since it requires an integrated approach.

Rice. 1 Tap water purification system in the apartment

Based on the nature of use, water can be divided into drinking and technical. Process water is used for washing. Washing dishes and other household processes. Drinking water is used for cooking and drinking. Depending on the nature of use, the choice of methods also changes. in an apartment consist of several devices that perform sequential filtration.

To choose the right water filters, you need to know. What kind of contaminants are present in it? To do this, perform chemical analysis. Based on this data, specific filters and fillers are selected.

Most often, when using centralized water supply, options are required that can remove mechanical impurities, chlorine and its compounds, as well as hardness salts.

Rice. 2 Why do you need water purification in your apartment?

The nature of the filter devices that make up the system depends on the needs and specific conditions. Flow models They are installed where water consumption is significant and there is no space for storage tanks. When drinking water consumption is low, jug models are sufficient. The immediate choice depends on the conditions in a particular case.

Process water purification methods

The water entering the apartment is first purified from mechanical impurities. Rough cleaning is required to protect household appliances and plumbing items from damage. The presence of such pre-filtration extends the service life of filter materials in fine filters.

With a high content of hardness salts, household appliances that heat water suffer. This washing machines, dishwashers, boilers and any other similar electrical appliance. You can use small softener devices that are installed directly in front of the device on the water supply pipe. But this option is not the only one. Hard salts have a negative effect on the skin and hair, so it is also better to soften them for bathing and washing. In some cases, a filter shower head is used. If you take a comprehensive approach, then immediately after the mechanical coarse filters you can install a filter device that softens all the water passing through the apartment.

When setting up a cleaning system for process water in an apartment with a central water supply, we must not forget about hot water. It also requires cleansing.

Coarse cleaning devices

Mechanical purification of water at the entrance to the apartment is carried out using mesh devices. They come in several types. These are mesh without auto-rinsing, mesh with auto-rinsing and cartridge.

Rice. 3 Installation of mechanical filters for water purification in the apartment

• A mesh filter without automatic flushing is often called a mud filter. It is installed in a pipe and retains mechanical contaminants using metal mesh. When the mesh becomes dirty, the pressure decreases. This means cleaning is required. Open the filter, take out the filter element and wash it.
• The mechanical filter with self-washing also has a mesh filter element. The difference lies in the shape of the device and the presence of an outlet pipe at the bottom of the flask. To wash such a filter, simply open the bottom tap and a stream of water washes the contaminants down the drain.

Rice. 4 Filters for water purification with automatic flushing

• Coarse mechanical cleaning cartridge filters are trunk device. The filter cartridge is located in a removable flask and is periodically washed or replaced.

Rice. 5 Appearance and design of cartridge mechanical filters for water in the apartment

Drinking water purification

The quality of drinking water should be higher than that of industrial water. For this purpose, fine filters are used. different principle actions.

In addition to mechanical cleaning, there are following methods removal of contaminants:

• Sorptive – contaminants are removed using porous sorbents; they are retained in the pores. The method helps to get rid of the smallest suspended matter, dissolved substances and microorganisms.
• Ion exchange - performed by replacing ions of dissolved substances with ions contained in the ion exchange resin. This is how softening is performed when calcium or magnesium ions are replaced by sodium, deferrization and the elimination of a number of heavy metal ions.
• Membrane - this method is based on the passage of water through membranes with small pores. The smaller the pores, the more thorough the cleaning. The greatest effect is achieved when using reverse osmosis membranes. They only allow water molecules and some gases to pass through.

All these methods, together and separately, are used in filters for water purification. To obtain clean drinking water in the required volumes, you need to select a specific filter model.

Jug filters

A filter jug ​​is the most budget-friendly choice. If initially the water in the water supply is not very polluted, then you can choose it. The pitcher filter allows you to:

• reduce the amount of chlorine;
• reduce the concentration of iron and copper ions;
• reduce rigidity;
• remove mechanical inclusions.

This filter is compact, convenient and aesthetically pleasing. It is not difficult to find a place for it in the kitchen. A significant advantage for many housewives is the lack of connection required and the ease of replacing cartridges.

Rice. 6 The simplest system drinking water purification – filter jug

Large manufacturers, for example, Aquaphor, produce filters and replacement cartridges in several versions, depending on the nature of water contamination.

Jugs also have disadvantages. Their cleaning efficiency is not high, so they are not suitable for heavily contaminated water. Cartridges become dirty relatively quickly and cannot be restored, only replaced. The amount of water filtered at one time is small, so the filter is suitable for one or two people, and not for a large family.

Filter nozzles for faucets

The filtration features of the faucet attachments are similar to the previous filter. They also remove mechanical impurities, chlorine, are able to eliminate heavy metal ions and soften water if an ion exchange resin is used as a filter material. The use of activated carbon allows you to free water from organic compounds and microorganisms.

Rice. 7 Cleaning device that must be installed on the tap

Installation of filters of this type is simple. It purifies running water; there is no need to store it after purification. The sizes are relatively small.

Multistage filters

Multistage filter devices consist of several blocks. Usually there are three or four of them. Each block uses a specific cleaning method. The first usually delays mechanical inclusions. This is followed by sorption, ion exchange and reverse osmosis.

Rice. 8 Three-stage water purification system

Such filters can purify even very contaminated water. They have significant performance.

There are also some disadvantages. Multi-stage devices are expensive, the installation process is quite complicated, and some space is required during installation, since the dimensions are not the minimum.