How to choose drainage pipes for draining groundwater and install them? Drainage pipes for drainage of groundwater Which pipes to choose for site drainage.

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Not every landowner has an ideal site. More often in spring or autumn, during periods of heavy rainfall, the yard, and garden area begins to flood, which is very harmful for various vegetable and fruit crops. This is where the difficulties begin. The owners dig channels, trying to remove as much moisture as possible from the site, which does not always help. The solution may be drainage pipes for disposal groundwater. With them correct location You can forget about this problem. But today we will consider how to place them, what they can be and whether it is possible to make them from what remains from the repairs made.

Most areas require a drainage system

Drainage pipes allow groundwater to be drained from the site or local area. They are thick corrugated hoses with perforations, which are buried at a certain depth. The principle of operation of pipes is quite simple. As you know, water always goes where the passage is easier. This law of physics applies to many areas and is never violated. Having leaked through the perforation, moisture freely rushes through the pipe to where the master directs it. This way, water does not need to seep through the soil. As a result, the soil dries out.

Good to know! If in the autumn garden plot When water stagnates in a certain place, the soil, not receiving the necessary oxygen, begins to die. As a result, next year the harvest in this place will be negligible or there will be none at all.

Drainage is of particular importance for residential buildings. If there is an excess of moisture, the foundation of the house will quickly collapse, which will negatively affect the building itself.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: main technical and geometric characteristics

The main difference between such products is the presence or absence of perforation in them. It is based on this parameter that pipes for draining groundwater are selected. In one case, it is necessary to remove excess moisture from the soil (perforation is used), and in the other, simply conduct the removed moisture without allowing it to be absorbed into the soil (in this case, the pipe will be solid).

The diameter of the drainage is also important. It should be understood that the larger the pipe, the more intense the moisture removal will be. On the other hand, if the product is not perforated and is used only as a discharge element, there is no point in using too large a diameter - it will simply be irrational.

Still, the material from which perforated pipes for drainage are made is of greater interest. There are quite a lot of such materials, and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as specific areas of application. Let's consider this issue in more detail.

Materials for the manufacture of drainage systems for groundwater drainage

The main materials from which such products are made include:

• Ceramics;
• Polypropylene;
• Asbestos cement (chrysotile cement).

A separate item can be called pipes with coconut winding, which have a higher cost. But knowing the materials used is not enough. It is necessary to understand what the differences between them are, and in what case the use of one or another pipe is justified.

Polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene: advantages of the material

Drainage pipes made from such materials are used only to drain water; they do not collect it themselves. Most often, such products are made in the form of a regular pipe, but recently flexible hoses have also begun to be produced, provided that their diameter is large enough. Corrugated PVC drainage pipes with a diameter of 400 mm or more are now quite common.

Good throughput characteristics of such products are achieved due to the smoothness of the internal walls and the non-corrosion of the materials from which they are made. Such drainage pipes have a fairly long service life and are easy to install. Many home craftsmen, if they have similar products at hand, make perforated drainage pipes from them with their own hands. To do this, small holes are drilled in a chaotic manner along the entire length of the upper part. As a result, water flows freely along the bottom of the pipe, and through the perforation made at the top, excess moisture from the soil enters the drainage.

The main advantages of plastic pipes are not only their long service life, but also ease of installation. You can handle it yourself without any construction equipment.

Ceramics is a more demanding material

Ceramic drainage pipes are gradually becoming a thing of the past. The reason for this is not even their high cost, but rather the inconvenience of installation and less durability compared to plastic counterparts. Its warranty period is only 15 years, while plastic lasts at least 50 years.

If there are no other options, you can drain the area with ceramic pipes, but it would still be better to use more modern materials, among which polypropylene would be the best.

Polypropylene products: what are they good for

The drainage of storm water with polypropylene drainage pipes is very convenient. They have a corrugated surface on the outside and a smooth inside, which does not allow dirt to linger on the inner walls. These are flexible products and therefore very easy to install. The connection of drainage pipes to each other is made by inserting one into the other - for this purpose we have a special socket on one side of each. Perforation along the walls allows you to collect excess moisture from the soil.

Large-diameter polypropylene pipes are usually covered on the outside with geotextile, which prevents silting and, as a result, increases the service life of the drainage. Such products are very light in weight and fairly low in cost, which, coupled with their durability, is what makes them so popular.

Coconut winding for drainage pipes: what is it for?

A relatively new type of filtration material - coconut coir - is the best way to protect the inside of the drainage from silting. This shell has proven itself well in all latitudes of our country. Its density is varied, which allows it to retain dirt particles of various sizes. If we add to this the environmental friendliness of the material, then the slightly higher cost no longer seems unjustified. In addition, drainage pipes with such a coating do not require preliminary filling of the trench with crushed stone and sand. They are laid directly on the ground, which significantly reduces installation time and simplifies it.

Asbestos cement drainage pipes

Such pipes differ from ordinary chrysotile cement pipes only in the presence of perforations, which you can make yourself. But from the point of view of ease of installation and durability, such products should be placed only in last place. All pipe turns are made only with special angles and branches, their weight is quite large and their service life rarely exceeds 12-15 years. If previously such material was used everywhere, nowadays rarely does anyone perform drainage with chrysotile cement products.

It is worth considering which drainage pipe material is suitable for a particular type of soil.

Selecting a material based on the type of soil on the site

There are 4 types of soil, depending on which the drainage pipe is selected. Let's look at them in detail.

• Crushed stone soil– it is possible to use perforated pipes without geotextiles or coconut coir. Groundwater filtration is not required;
• sandy soil– a perforated pipe with a filter element is used to prevent sand from getting inside and silting the drainage. Sprinkling with crushed stone is also required;
• Alumina– there are two options here. Either it will be a pipe wrapped in geofabric with crushed stone, or laying the product in coconut coir in bare soil;
• Loam– only perforated drainage in geofabric with crushed stone sprinkling.

Features of drainage corrugated pipes with geotextile

The main advantage of geotextiles is its compatibility with any type of pipe, regardless of the material of manufacture. This material is vapor permeable, which creates additional air exchange and prevents the development of mold and mildew. Geotextiles themselves do not absorb moisture, but only help redirect it to the drainage pipe. It is resistant to living microorganisms contained in the soil and is completely uninteresting to rodents. This contributes to a long service life, almost equal to that of plastic and polypropylene pipes.

It is worth noting that when used, the period between drainage cleanings increases by 4-6 times.

Why is perforation of drainage lines necessary?

It has already been mentioned that perforation helps remove excess moisture from the soil. But you should be careful here too - fanaticism has never led to anything good. If the drainage pipe is too large, and the perforations are very large and frequent, then there is a danger of drying out the soil of the garden plot.

Good to know! Too large a perforation creates the preconditions for the drainage to quickly become clogged with dirt and silt up. Even if the drainage line is clogged by a third, there can be no question of any high-quality outflow of water. And the well will have to be cleaned quite often.

Manufacturers and features of their products

Manufacturers of similar products on Russian market plenty. Each brand has its own distinctive features, compared to others, which means it’s worth focusing your attention on this. Today we will not list all the companies operating in this segment, so as not to burden our dear reader with unnecessary information, but the most famous ones are worth considering.

Drainage pipes "Perfokor" and their features

The technical characteristics of these products are quite good. The company itself positions its products as the best in this segment, although many may argue with this. As they say, “there are no comrades according to taste,” and therefore we will present some technical characteristics of the drainage pipes of this company.

Products of the company "Corsis"

According to the manufacturer, Korsis drainage pipes are manufactured using special Italian technology, which makes it possible to increase their service life by one and a half times. Their installation is quite simple. And although there are models that require the use of couplings when connecting, products with a socket on one side, allowing for butt installation, are more popular.

Turning to the opinions of Internet users, it can be noted that the Perfokor and Korsis drainage systems have much in common, including the ease of laying the drainage pipe. This means that giving advice here is a thankless task and the home craftsman will personally have to decide which manufacturer he likes best.

Drainage pipes "Pragma" and their advantages

With the same two-layer structure, the manufacturer promises ease of pipe installation even at temperatures as low as -200°C, which means you don’t have to wait for the warm season to arrive. These products are capable of withstanding quite large loads, which is quite convenient if drainage is being installed in the courtyard of a private house where cars will enter. The installation of drainage pipes from this manufacturer is carried out “at the joint”, which eliminates the need for the use of additional devices such as couplings.

Drainage "Soft Rock" from the company "Kanatex"

According to the opinions of Internet users, negative qualities products of this brand simply do not. They are easy to install, the quality is decent, and the cost is not too high.

One of the interesting features of this drainage pipe. Between the plastic and geotextile there is a layer of special filler that provides additional filtration. It is for this reason that, regardless of the type of soil, such drainage pipes are laid without any backfill in “bare” soil, which significantly reduces installation time.

“Uponor” drainage pipes: are there any differences from previous options?

Drainage systems of this brand do not have any special differences from Perfokor or Korsis. High quality, double layer structure and various options perforations - everything can be called similar to competitors. The only difference is the black color of the outer layer, but this is more of a visual than a technical difference.

How to install a drainage system on your site

The type of drainage can be closed or open. Closed means the use of perforated pipes dug into the ground, while open is done using trays that can be covered with decorative grilles.

Let's look in general terms at how you can do both of these types of drainage with your own hands. In order for the dear reader to understand the algorithm of the entire work more clearly, we will present several photo examples with explanations.

Open drainage system and its installation algorithm

Photo	Action to be performed
	On each tray, which are connected to each other using special locks, the direction of water flow is indicated. This arrow cannot be ignored. Otherwise, you will have to clean the open drain several times a year.
	At the end of the line, a special sand trap is installed, where all the dirt that gets into the drainage will settle. This is especially true if words will be produced down the drain
	Using the installation level, we derive the required slope of the drainage pipe towards the spillway. A slope of 1-3 cm/m is considered optimal
	If it is necessary to rotate the drainage channel, mark the required area, which is cut out using a grinder
	The last step is to screw the decorative grille, which also serves as protection against large debris and leaves, onto the special brackets that come with the kit.

Having understood in general terms how open drainage is installed, you can move on to the backfill system.

Removing excess moisture from the soil using the backfill method

Photo	Action to be performed
	First you need to dig a trench along the marks where you need to lay the drainage pipe. There is no point in digging too wide - it will only lead to waste of crushed stone.
	The trench can be taken outside the site into a drainage ditch. If this is not possible, you will have to equip a drainage well
	We lay geotextiles at the bottom of the trench and pour a small layer of crushed stone. In our case, it was possible not to use bedding, because... a perforated drainage pipe that already has a geofabric shell will be laid, but we decided that crushed stone would not hurt
	A drainage pipe is carefully laid and connected to the drain into the well. You can use simple self-tapping screws for this.
	After the work has been done, we again pour a layer of crushed stone, cover it with geotextiles and sprinkle it with soil. In order to hide the location of the drainage line, you can use turf

It turns out that installing drainage on a site is not such a complicated process, which a home craftsman can do with his own hands.

Article

Hello, dear interlocutor!

In the construction of a house, in addition to the construction of the structure itself,... It’s scary to imagine, for example, what will happen to a precious cottage if the foundation is systematically flooded with sewage.

That is why today’s article will talk about a very necessary and important system - the drainage system.

And in particular, about what the optimal drainage pipe should be for your area.

Drainage is a structure designed to drain land plot And auxiliary devices. Serves to drain groundwater from the local area.

Soil water in middle lane Russia, are often located high - at a depth of 2 m from the surface of the earth and even higher. Underground moisture destroys the foundation of a structure and causes plant roots to rot. Before building a house, it is necessary to carry out engineering surveys, and.

How to understand that drainage is needed?

• Your site is located on a slope or, conversely, in a lowland;
• If the surface of the territory is flat and the water has nowhere to drain, it stagnates and swamps the area;
• There are severe floods in your region;
• The walls of the house freeze in winter;
• The room is humid and mold and mildew form.

All these direct and indirect signs indicate the need for forced drainage of the area.

How does drainage work?

The soil drainage system can be of three types - open, closed and point.

• Open system

Serves to drain surface water (rain, melted snow, flood water, etc.).

To install an open structure, a trench 50 cm deep and 60-70 cm wide is dug along the entire perimeter of the site. The collected water should be discharged into the general drain. If the site is not located on a slope, ditches should be dug with a certain slope so that the water does not stagnate, but flows out of the territory. The ditch is left empty (drainage without pipes), or reinforced with stones and cement. You can lay a special open drainage pipe.

• Closed system

More complex. The trenches here are from 1 to 1.5 m deep, 0.25-0.5 meters wide. The laying depth should be greater than the freezing depth of the soil.

It is necessary to lay a sand-crushed stone cushion in the trench, and on top of it a special perforated pipe of the required diameter. You need to dig a ditch with a slope towards the well or drain. The remains of the gravel-sand mixture are laid on top. To avoid clogging and silting, drainage pipes must be additionally protected with filter material.

All collected water goes into the storage tank, from it into the reservoir, or into the sewer. To monitor the condition of the system, it is necessary to install special inspection wells.

• Spot

Single installed receivers in places of greatest accumulation of water. Several installed local receivers can be connected into a single network. The main elements of point drainage are stormwater inlets and outlets.

Well-chosen and correct installed system draining the site will protect the top layers of soil from erosion, the foundation of the house from cracks, preserve the decorative covering in the yard and have a beneficial effect on soil fertility. Therefore, drainage should never be neglected.

Why aren't water or sewer lines suitable?

Conventional water or sewer pipes are made without special holes. Products without perforation can only be used to drain already collected liquid.

Why is perforation needed?

Through technological holes, water from the soil enters the pipe and moves along it to the drain common to the entire site.

Types of drainage pipes

Products vary in material, surface, rigidity and load-bearing capacity. Let's consider each variety separately.

According to the material:

Most often, pipelines for water drainage are made of asbestos cement, ceramics, and plastic. Chrysotile cement, metal pipes and products with the addition of polystyrene are less common.

Asbestos-cement

Asbestos cement is a waterproof and fire-resistant material. Made from cement and asbestos fibers.

At the moment, asbestos pipes are rarely used due to the large weight of the product and the complexity of installation. Drainage holes in such pipes are difficult to make on your own, and the finished system has low performance properties.

Chrysotile cement

Chrysotile cement parts are the closest relatives of asbestos cement parts. They also contain white asbestos fibers called chrysotile. Chrysotile is packed into a concrete matrix. In the last century, the material was considered carcinogenic.

The advantages of chrysotile cement drainage systems are water resistance, resistance to mechanical stress, good response to high pressure, service life - 25 years and above. Disadvantages - heavy weight, installation difficulties, slow process of assembling the system.

Ceramic

They are made from a special type of clay followed by firing. Ceramic drainage products durable, resistant to high pressure, environmentally friendly. The range of produced diameters is not large - from 5 to 30 cm.

Too low a surface friction coefficient makes it difficult to install filters.

Polymer

Polymer parts, in turn, are divided into products made of polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene.

Mon

Drainage pipes HDPE is made from polyethylene of fairly high hardness classes SN4 and SN8. Used for both deep and surface pipelines. Standard sizes range from 5 to 70 cm in diameter.

There are single-layer, double-layer and perforated versions of products with connections in the form of couplings, welding and sockets.

HDPE parts are flammable.

Made from polypropylene

Frequently used product. Closest relative of PND. Available in corrugated and smooth forms. The minimum pipe diameter is 50mm, hardness class SN8.

PVC

Drainage pipes made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) are no less popular for arranging pipelines than the previous 2 plastic type pipes

Available in the following modifications:

• Rigid and flexible;
• With or without filter material;
• Single-layer and double-layer.

Supplied in lengths of 6 and 12 m and in coils.

When purchasing a pipe, you should pay attention to the stiffness class, PVC products are available in a wide range, from SN2 to SN16.

With polystyrene foam

The design is a perforated pipe located inside a geotextile filter shell filled with polystyrene foam granules. Special granule channels improve water outflow. Expanded polystyrene is resistant to all liquid media, tolerates low temperatures, has a long service life (up to 100 years) and is unattractive to rodents.

The need to use this particular type is determined by the following factors:

• Groundwater is too close to the surface;
• The site is dominated by alumina;
• The site is located in a lowland and prone to waterlogging;

Standard dimensions - core D = 110 mm, total diameter of the drainage system −300 mm.

Corrugated

Corrugated pipes are made in the form of an accordion made of plastic. Drainage holes in such products can be either round or slot-shaped.

Advantages of corrugated products:

• Light weight;
• Simple and fast technology styling;
• Reliability;
• High corrosion resistance;
• Strength and durability;
• High level of ring stiffness;
• Wide range of applications - pipes are produced with different degrees of rigidity, which makes it possible to select products directly for

Single-layer and multi-layer

Advantages of multilayer pipes:

• Several layers give the product additional strength and durability. The top layer is often corrugated, the inner layer is smooth. They are marked SNХ, where X is the maximum depth of drains in meters.
• Single-layer pipes are most often used for local drainage systems. Can be smooth or corrugated.

Flexible and rigid

Pipes are divided into 2 types, depending on their rigidity:

1. Flexible models: Used to create flows with a rounded perimeter. They are characterized by lower ring rigidity and strength. Available in the form of coils. Convenient due to no need for installation large quantity connecting elements.
2. Rigid pipes: Used for laying straight sections. Available in thick-walled and thin-walled. They have a higher strength coefficient compared to flexible ones, but when installing, you cannot do without additional fittings.

With perforation

Drainage pipes for drainage of groundwater are produced with perforation. The diameter of the technological holes is made from 1.5 to 5 mm. Holes in different products are located either throughout the entire circle, or in ½ and 1/3 of it.

Products without perforation are only suitable for specially designed systems where moisture is collected from a common source and transported to a drain.

Perforated drains are called suction (collective).

With filter layer

Without filtration, technological openings quickly become clogged and their throughput is reduced. The filter layer of the pipes is made of geotextile or coconut fiber.

In geotextiles

Geotextile is a non-woven fabric, most often black. Placed on top of the pipe and used as a sieve to prevent dirt from entering.

Such a drainage pipe lives in the ground for a long time and, accordingly, retains its operational properties for a long time.

With coconut wrap

Coconut fiber as a winding for pipes has its pros and cons. The advantages include environmental friendliness, high elasticity and throughput, high resistance to rotting and deformation. The only negative is the high cost of the structure.

More

In addition to the above, metal perforated pipelines made of special alloys are extremely rarely used. They are used in industries where wastewater chemical waste may enter. There is no point in using such products at home.

Which ones are better?

For storm water

Smooth plastic pipes with a minimum stiffness coefficient (for example SN2) are ideal for collecting surface water.

You should not overpay for products with high strength characteristics. Corrugation is not needed here either.

For drainage of groundwater

To drain groundwater, the most successful option would be to choose a corrugated multilayer pipe with perforation and protection in the form of a coconut filter. Yes, this product is not the cheapest on the market. But such a pipe will 100% protect your foundation from destruction, and, accordingly, from gigantic financial costs.

The pipe must be selected based on the SN parameter.

Drainage table for different soils

If the pipeline is laid incorrectly, for example above the soil freezing level, then it will freeze in winter. There are 2 options here - either lay the pipes below this level, or insulate them well. Let's summarize the data on the recommended types of drainage pipes depending on the types of soil in a table.

A table of the dependence of the distances between drainage areas on the type of soil and the depth of drainage is given below:

Drainage pipe manufacturers

I propose to consider several leading manufacturers of plastic elements and find out how their products differ from each other.

Pragma

PRAGMA ® is a brand of high-strength polypropylene pipes. Corrugated, red in color, made with a double structured wall made of PPR-B polypropylene. Withstands temperatures up to +60 degrees.

Perfocor

A variety of Korsis pipes. Products of this brand use high-modulus polyethylene with the addition of mineral impurities, which provide additional rigidity. They are available in two types - with perforation only in the upper part or with holes throughout the entire surface.

Corsis

These are two-layer polyethylene pipes for stormwater and shallow drainage. The outer layer is black and corrugated for UV resistance. The inner one is smooth to allow water to pass through, and is made in white. The white color makes it easier to control the inner surface of the pipe.

Softrock

Softrock is a ready-made system that allows you to reduce the amount of work on laying and assembling drainage.

Flexible perforated pipes are surrounded by expanded polystyrene filler packed in geotextile mesh. Additionally, the kit includes additional fittings. Pipe diameters −110, 160, 200 mm. Outside diameter−300mm, Strength class SN4, pipe length −3m.

Pipes Logistics

Logistics pipe is a flat rectangular pipe. Supplied in coils. Made from polyethylene. Has internal reinforcing elements. The pipe is compact and takes up 2.5 times less than conventional round ones.

Uponor

Products made of high-density polyethylene with a double wall. Single-layer pipes are equipped with a coconut fiber filter.

SK-Plast

The company produces smooth and perforated products, made in both multi-layer and single-layer versions. STS brand products are distinguished by their versatility and affordable price.

Dimensions and diameters

Selecting the pipe diameter is the most important step in designing a drainage system.

To drain a significant volume of water, large diameter products (at least 300-400mm) will be needed. For domestic needs, 200mm is enough. The most commonly used pipe size is 110mm. For calculation required diameter it is necessary to take into account the degree of soil moisture, filtration coefficient, freezing, inflow volume and other terrain features (indicated in the relevant reference books).

For an area of ​​400 m2, a cross-section of 110 mm will be sufficient. If the area is larger, 200mm pipes are suitable. Industrial areas are drained using larger diameter products. The width of the trench should be 40 cm greater than the diameter of the pipe.

Where to buy and approximately how much they cost

You can purchase products at any hardware or construction store, on the market, or order delivery directly to your home on the Internet. Approximate cost wash away popular plastic products for 1 linear meter:

• Single-layer with the most popular diameter 110mm 110-130rub;
• Single-layer with a geotextile filter - 240-280 rubles;
• With a coconut fiber filter - 300-350 rub/m;
• Two-layer - 130-150 rub/m.

The cost of products depends on the manufacturer and material of manufacture.

Drainage installation and maintenance

Ditch preparation

Ditches for the drainage system can be dug manually or using special equipment. The width of the trenches should be 40-45 cm greater than the diameter of the pipeline. The distance between drainage ditches is shown in the table above.

Trenches must be dug with a slope of 0.5-0.7% towards collecting moisture. A layer of sandy soil 20 cm thick is laid at the bottom of the trench, then the same layer of crushed stone.

DIY styling

Produced as follows:

• Drainage pipes are placed in the prepared ditch. If perforation is made on only one side, then during assembly they should be laid with the holes down;
• The pipeline elements are connected to each other using special fittings with sockets.

• Installation of wells should be provided at line turns.

Performing backfill

• The buried pipe is covered with a layer of crushed stone;
• A layer of sand must be poured on top of the crushed stone;
• Pre-cut turf is laid on top of the trench.

Tips for saving money when installing a drainage system come from the opposite direction. T, E, boil down to the fact that it is better to spend money on competent device drainage than for subsequent reconstruction of the house.

• Geological surveys must always be carried out before installing a drainage system! This will allow you to make a working system the first time and not have to redo it later.
• Choose either coconut filters or high-quality geotextiles. Take the time to familiarize yourself with its characteristics when purchasing;
• Instead of cheap crushed limestone, it is better to use granite, which will not be washed away by water later.

For any site it is necessary to install a drainage system, which works on the principle of collecting excess moisture. We will find out how to install drainage correctly, choose the type of pipe, its depth, the diameter of the products, and the slope of the drainage pipe.

For any site it is necessary to install a drainage system, which works on the principle of collecting excess moisture.

The correct design of the drainage system is very simple: in the selected area it is necessary to make special trenches in which pipes are laid to collect water. All collected moisture is discharged through pipes of different diameters into a storage tank, reservoir, or river.

The peculiarity of such a system is that treatment facilities and expensive installations are not required to create it.

In addition to pipes of different diameters, the drainage system includes inspection wells for maintaining the entire system. In this case, the laying scheme, material, and pipe diameter are determined when planning drainage.

Scheme of the site's drainage system

Installing a do-it-yourself drainage system for a summer cottage involves the use of certain materials that are mandatory. Among them:

• sand and gravel;
• a piece of geotextile (if the type of soil requires the installation of just such a filter);
• pipes of the selected type, the choice of which depends on the soil and laying characteristics;
• for inspection wells you will need a concrete or plastic pipe (the quantity depends on the area of ​​the system).

The tools for the job are minimal: a shovel for digging a trench, a construction level, a measuring tape, wheelbarrows for sand and gravel.

Drainage trench and inspection wells on a summer cottage

Schematic cross-sectional representation of drainage.

To lay a drainage pipe, you need to dig a trench correctly, otherwise the drainage will cause a lot of inconvenience and be ineffective. The layout of the system and its depth are determined by the project, which must be drawn up by a specialist.

The trench structure is as follows:

• first, digging is carried out to the required depth, the width of the trench should be 40 cm more;
• After this, sand and crushed stone are poured to create a cushion for laying. It is often recommended to install geotextiles;
• the slope of the trench should be about 3° so that water can not only flow into the pipe, but also flow down it.

The drainage design largely depends on circumstances such as the depth of groundwater, the freezing point of the soil, and the characteristics of the site itself.

For the area where the drainage system is located, it is necessary to provide inspection wells for maintenance. Their design assumes the presence of a well along the route and at bending points; the distance to each should be no more than 40-50 m or about 20 m at bending points.

Such wells have a round or rectangular shape; their structure includes reinforced concrete rings and other materials that are resistant to moisture. Installation does not require waterproofing; the device does not have to be sealed. The main task is to provide monitoring and maintenance of the drainage system, supply water for pressure washing, and prevent silting.

The filter drainage pipe should be laid in a drainage ditch with a width of min 60 cm

If the drainage system for the site has a depth of up to 3 m, then a plastic pipe can be used as an inspection well. The diameter of such a pipe should be about 30-50 cm. It is best to take corrugated products intended for pressure sewerage, although you can also take smooth ones that have the appropriate diameter.

Drainage pipes: what to choose?

To make a drainage system for a site, you will first have to choose the right pipes. Today, asbestos-cement and polyethylene pipelines are used for this. Their diameter, as a rule, ranges from 50 to 80 mm. You can also purchase PVC pipes and make perforations on them yourself to drain water. Such perforation is carried out with cuts on both sides of the pipe, always in a checkerboard pattern. The width of each cut should be 3-5 mm, the length should be half the value of the diameter.

Arrangement of drainage protected by geotextiles, drainage pipe and crushed stone.

The distance between perforations is 500 mm. Sometimes, instead of cuts, holes are made with a diameter of 4-5 mm, their location is exactly the same, but the distance between them should be up to 100 mm.

Before laying pipes, you should choose the right type and material of manufacture. Selection is carried out taking into account the soil and laying conditions. There are four types of soil, including sandy, clayey, crushed stone, and loamy. So, in order to make drainage, you can use the following types of pipes:

1. For crushed stone soil, you should choose pipes without a filter layer with perforation.
2. If you have sandy soils, you can make drainage from pipes with a geotextile filter, which will prevent the system from becoming dirty and clogged with sand. It is best to additionally sprinkle crushed stone around the pipe.
3. For clay soil, two options can be used: special pipes with filters made of coconut fiber and pipes without a filter, which are sprinkled with crushed stone and wrapped in geotextiles. To make drainage, it is necessary to lay the system in the ground, but pour a layer of crushed stone about 20 cm thick on top.
4. For loam, pipes with a geotextile filter are used.

Simple pipes without a filter are also suitable for the site, but it is recommended to sprinkle them with crushed stone and wrap them in geotextiles.

Fender, ring drainage, drainage around the house

Drainage systems for the site vary according to certain species, but for home gardens, two are often used, such as a fender or a ring one. The scheme of such drainage is closed; it differs in its appearance, reminiscent of tree branches. Combined systems can also be used, but they all differ in that they have a closed loop. Water reduction of the site is carried out using general drainage.

Drain can be very different; sometimes a type of system such as a layer one is used. This method is used when the speed of water entering the area is insignificant. This is the simplest option, in which the pipes are not laid in a trench, but on top of a simple layer of sand and gravel. This layer of soil is perfectly permeable to water; when laying such a shallow trench with your own hands, make a slope of 3 cm for each m of the system.

Reservoir drainage is the simplest; its installation does not require much effort or expense; it is usually the most used method for small summer cottages.

Features of the work

Basic mechanical steps when assembling site drainage

Today, the design of the drainage system must meet all the requirements:

1. Before work, you need to draw up a drainage laying project. This means that it is necessary to vertically plan the site, determine the level of groundwater, and the type of soil itself on the territory. You can’t do this with your own hands; you need the help of specialists.
2. Based on the data obtained, it is determined what the depth of the trench should be, the diameter and type of pipe. It is also recommended to entrust such calculations to specialists.
3. After execution design work you can start digging a trench, which is quite possible to do with your own hands. After laying to the required depth, the bottom is covered with a layer of purified sand, onto which fine crushed stone is poured.
4. When digging a trench, it is necessary to take into account that its width should be approximately 40 cm greater than the diameter of the selected pipe. This will allow you to make the right sprinkling in the right quantity.
5. Now, using only your hands, the pipe is laid on a sand and gravel bed, after which it is sprinkled with sand and gravel. For some types of soil and pipes, it is necessary to additionally use a special fabric.
6. The slope when laying drainage with your own hands should be from 3°; inspection wells for maintenance are required. The distance between such wells should be up to 50 m; the presence of such elements is mandatory in places where the system bends, when the angle of inclination changes.
7. To avoid blockages, it is recommended to install corrugated pipes that have the ability to self-clean (where possible).
8. To properly lay the drainage, it is necessary to install a check valve or a special collection well, from which water will be periodically pumped out.

Drainage ceramic pipes: a - round, b - with a longitudinal supporting plane, c - with slotted holes for receiving water, d - faceted, e - with sockets, f - with protruding ribs.

The drainage system must be laid in full compliance with all requirements. This also applies to the choice of drainage pipes, which must be suitable for the type of soil. For example, if you have loamy soil on your site, then you cannot use pipes that do not have a filter. So, among the most common mistakes made when laying drainage with your own hands are:

• incorrectly selected type of pipeline;
• during installation, the angle of inclination adopted for laying the drainage system is not observed;
• water drainage from the collection well is not organized;
• The do-it-yourself laying technology has been violated, that is, the filter filling consisting of sand and gravel has not been completed.

Therefore, if you plan DIY installation pipes for the drainage system, you should make sure that the materials are chosen correctly and the technology is strictly followed.

Drainage system maintenance

It is not enough to lay the drainage channel correctly with your own hands; you also need to ensure its maintenance. Approximately four times a year, it is recommended to carry out preventive inspections of the condition of wells and pipes and take water measurements, which can immediately indicate a decrease in throughput (if the level drops below the required level). The reasons for this decrease are as follows:

• pipe damage;
• the occurrence of blockages;
• blockages and silting of drainage pipes;
• the appearance of sediment in the pipeline.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to properly care for the system. This includes not only cleaning pipelines, but also conducting regular inspections. The efficiency of drainage is also influenced by the correct installation, which can increase or shorten the service life.

Install a drainage system on your own personal plot You can do it yourself, but to do this you must follow all the rules for installation. This concerns the choice of the type of system itself, the location of pipes on the site, and the choice of the drainage pipes themselves. Only in this case, do-it-yourself installation will be high-quality and reliable. It is also important to maintain drainage, regular preventive inspections and cleaning of pipes, which allows you to increase service life several times.

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Drainage systems: from pipe selection to installation

When arranging a summer cottage, many do not think about the drainage system, which often leads to flooding and the negative impact of dampness on all buildings. Of course, if your plot is flat, and the soils are permeable and fertile, then drainage may not be necessary, but similar ideal conditions are extremely rare.

Drainage system diagram.

When installing a drainage system, it is necessary to solve a number of issues, including: which pipes are best to choose, what type of drainage will be (open or closed), how to lay the entire system yourself. The task of installing drainage for a dacha is a priority in the following cases:

• if the soil on the site is clayey;
• when the dacha is located in a lowland, on slopes, near the slopes of a hill;
• in the presence of high levels of precipitation;
• when soil water occurs at a small level from the surface.

Advantages of using plastic pipes

The dacha is where we spend most of our time in the summer. Caring participation skillful hand it's simply necessary! Install today summer houses and cottages, have lush gardens and extensive vegetable gardens, but in order to ensure the safety of the buildings and the excellent condition of the greenery, it is necessary to install a drainage system.

Types of plastic pipes for drainage.

Plastic pipes are used as the main materials for drainage systems, which provide fast, effective drainage of groundwater and precipitation, excess moisture from the house and garden; they are easy to maintain and do not need to be cleaned or replaced frequently. You can build drainage systems with your own hands; they have the following advantages:

• long service life;
• absence severe blockages;
• quick and easy maintenance, self-cleaning capability;
• ease of installation with your own hands;
• relatively low price.

Today, for laying drainage systems with your own hands, the following pipes are used:

• PVC drainage with perforation;
• polypropylene drainage with special filter materials;
• low polyethylene and high pressure- are considered the best option for laying drainage in dachas, as they are characterized by low price and high quality.

Installation of pipes on site

Laying pipes for drainage with your own hands can be done in two ways, including ring, regular, head and shore. This is the so-called deep drainage, which is the following system:

• a trench with a depth determined depending on factors such as soil type, location of groundwater, type of precipitation in the region;
• sand and gravel cushion;
• special perforated pipes that can be easily connected to each other with your own hands using fittings and couplings;
• layer of filtering geotextile.

Such a system, which is well suited for a summer cottage, is considered quite difficult to install, but it allows you to completely protect buildings from excess moisture. Before planning work, it is necessary to conduct geological studies.

Scheme of reinforcement of drainage pipes.

Properly arranged drainage is sometimes a real salvation for a plot of land. What system options can you choose?

The choice of drainage pipes is a rather important matter, which will affect the quality of the system. All pipes (it is best to take plastic ones) must be durable, strong, affordable, and easy to install. The service life of plastic pipes is usually at least fifty years. If you take cheaper ones, then such a system will have to be changed soon.

The choice of drainage pipes is made depending on the type of soil, which is divided into four types: sand, loam, clay, crushed stone. For crushed stone soils, plastic pipes with perforations, but without filter material, are excellent. For sandy soils, a pipe is selected that is protected from sand entering the system and has a geotextile filter. Installation of a drainage system can take varying amounts of time, it all depends on the volume of work. For clay soil, pipes with a coconut fiber filter are suitable, for loam - with geotextiles, which act as a filter material.

When determining which pipes are better, pay attention to the material they are made of; most often it is plastic, which has many advantages. The type of filter material is also of great importance, as it protects drainage pipes from blockages and the ingress of soil particles and sand.

Open and closed drainage

Installation of drainage in a dacha can be carried out using two methods: deep (closed) and surface (open). These types of drainage systems are quite different from each other:

• deep systems are necessary when the soil water level is high; they serve to protect the house, basement, basements, and vegetable gardens;
• installation of a surface system serves to drain water that has fallen in the form of precipitation; often open drainage systems are combined with storm sewers.

An example of an open drainage pipe system. An open system is used to collect water from the surface of the site and drain water running off the roofs on the site.

To accurately determine which type of system is required for the site, soil geology should be performed. Such services are provided today by many specialized companies.

Drainage systems for a summer cottage can be installed with your own hands; to do this, you need to perform the following work:

• is being compiled detailed diagram passage of drainage pipes, after which calculations of materials are performed;
• when laying a drainage system, we must not forget about the presence of inspection wells, which will allow servicing the entire system;
• When laying, do not forget that the drainage pipes must run with a slope ranging from two to ten millimeters for each m of pipe.

For work, in addition to drainage pipes, you will need the following materials and tools:

• digging shovel;
• a hacksaw or special scissors for cutting pipes;
• directly drainage pipes, fittings and couplings for connecting them;
• river sand, gravel with a fraction of 20-40 mm;
• geotextiles.

Closed drainage

Installation of closed drainage is considered the most difficult, since pipes and all other elements of the system must be buried in the ground. The work process is as follows:

Scheme of a closed drainage system.

• a trench of the required depth is dug;
• sand is poured onto the bottom with a layer 7-10 cm high, which must be thoroughly compacted;
• geotextiles are laid in a continuous layer on the sand, its edges should rise slightly to the sides of the trench;
• Next comes a layer of gravel, which should be 20 cm (the use of crushed limestone is not allowed!);
• drainage pipes are laid with holes down and connected to each other;
• a layer of gravel is poured on top, the edges of the geotextile are rolled up - this system allows water to penetrate the pipes without retaining soil particles;
• a collector well is installed, which should be located at the lowest point of the dacha site.

Closed drainage is divided into the following types:

• regular (systematic) horizontal drainage;
• ring drainage to protect against flooding;
• head drainage;
• coastal drainage.

Installation of surface drainage is much simpler; it is designed mainly to effectively drain rain and melt water. The stages of constructing such a system with your own hands include:

• a drainage diagram is marked on the site, after which trenches are dug 70 cm deep and 50 cm wide;
• when constructing ditches, we must not forget about the slope of the system towards the main collector, where all the water will be collected (in the future it can be used to water the garden);
• The walls of the ditch should be made beveled, not straight.

When constructing such a system, drainage pipes are not used; special trays made of concrete, plastic, or concrete-polymer are used, with convenient gratings on top. The trays are mounted in a ditch on a layer of sand, with grates attached on top to collect debris and leaves.

Installing drainage for a summer cottage is a responsible undertaking that must begin with planning, choosing the type of system, and determining which pipes are best in a particular case. Often it is impossible to do without a specialist who will tell you what type of drainage is needed and at what depth the pipes will be laid. We wish you good luck and a great drainage system!

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Laying a drainage pipe: step-by-step instructions | Construction portal

Most effective way Protecting the foundation of a private house from the destructive effects of groundwater and storm water is a high-quality drainage system. This is especially important when water accumulates in the upper layers of the soil, as it can cause flooding of the basement or basement, wetting and deformation of walls, as well as the occurrence of fungal formations. This article will discuss how to lay drainage pipes.

Pipes for the drainage system, which are installed along the entire perimeter of the site, allow you to create high-quality drainage. After all, the danger of flooding is posed not only by groundwater, but also by flood water. Damage can also be caused by precipitation exceeding acceptable standards.

Drainage pipe photo

Unlike waterproofing the foundation, the drainage system can be installed after the house is built, if there are grounds for it. But under certain conditions, it is better to install it at the initial stage of construction. The following reasons are needed for this:

• flat location of the site, facilitating significant accumulation of water;
• clay and loamy soil, which have poor drainage characteristics;
• statistics of excess precipitation levels characteristic of the area in which the building is located;
• increased level of groundwater (less than 1.5 meters to the ground surface).

In addition, it is worth focusing on the depth of construction of other buildings on the site. The presence of a buried foundation next to the main building not only prevents the natural outflow of groundwater, but also contributes to its accumulation, thereby increasing the risk of flooding. Concrete blind areas installed on the site and asphalt pavement. In such a case, it is considered competent to connect storm drains to the main drainage system.

Laying a drainage pipe will help prevent the consequences of changes in groundwater levels and accumulation of moisture in the soil around the building.

Types of drainage systems

There are two main options for designing a drainage system:

• Open (surface) - used to remove excess moisture resulting from the accumulation of precipitation or melt water. The open drainage system is presented in the form of ditches and trenches.
• Closed (deep) - installation uses pipes with perforations, which are laid to a certain depth in a previously prepared trench. The main function is to drain groundwater and protect the foundation of the house.

Materials required for laying a closed drainage system

The process of installing a drainage system is quite labor-intensive and requires thorough preparation. From bulk building materials you will need:

• Sand. River sand is mainly used in drainage work. Its main function is to create a filtration cushion around the drainage pipe.
• Crushed stone. To set up the system you will need a medium and large fraction. The purpose of crushed stone is to form a stable layer to prevent the penetration of dirt and large parts of soil. In addition, crushed stone prevents excessive soil pressure on the corrugated pipe.

Basic materials:

• drainage pumps. They are used only in case of significant flooding of the area with groundwater. Promote mechanical drainage;
• drainage pipes. With their help, the main drainage system is formed. The quantity and diameter depend on the complexity of the laying pattern. Plastic pipes are most often used for drainage;
• geotextiles – protects the drainage pipe from soil contamination. As a rule, interlining or dornite is used. In addition to strength, both types of textiles have filtering ability;
• couplings - necessary for attaching drainage pipes to each other.

As a rule, the drainage system needs periodic cleaning; for this purpose, inspection wells are installed along its perimeter. A collector well is installed to collect water into the system.

Selection of drainage pipes

Before installing a drainage system, special attention should be paid to the selection of pipes for work. The first thing to consider is the use of perforated pipes in the arrangement of the drainage system. The second is the diameter and the presence of holes for moisture outflow and air exchange. And no less important is the material from which the pipes are made.

Currently, the following types of pipes are presented on the building materials market:

• asbestos-cement;
• ceramic;
• from polymer materials.

The most popular in arranging a drainage system are polymer drainage pipes. Their advantage over other types is as follows.

• Long period of operation - up to 70 years.
• High strength indicators.
• Resistance to corrosion processes and aggressive environments.
• Reduced weight, which simplifies the process of transportation and installation.
• Self-cleaning ability due to smooth surface.
• Resistance to siltation.
• Value for money.
• Easy to maintain. Thanks to the geotextile filter, the system does not need to be flushed.

Diameter of drainage pipes:

• up to 150 mm – for a drainage system that drains a small amount of water;
• up to 300 mm – for systems with high loads.

For a branched drainage system, you will need pipes of both small (for branches) and large diameter (for the main branch of the system).

Plastic drainage pipes

Polymer pipes, which are usually used for laying drainage systems, are made of PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene and are represented by the following types:

• single-layer or double-layer. The choice of the number of layers depends on the density of the soil;
• flexible and tough. Rigid pipes are suitable for simple circuits drainage, while flexible ones allow you to create complex branching throughout the entire area;
• pipes with or without filter casing. As a rule, drainage pipes already have holes along their entire length. But if the purchased material does not have special holes, you can make them yourself using a drill and a thin drill bit;
• corrugated or smooth.

As for covering with geofabric, as a rule, samples already covered with filter textile are presented on the building materials market. When purchasing uncoated pipes, you can wrap their surface yourself by securing the material with rope or thin wire around the perimeter of the pipe.

Design of drainage pipe installation

Before starting work on installing a drainage system, it is worth first drawing up a plan for its location on the site.

• This requires taking into account the type of soil and the height of groundwater. The most often used is a branched scheme, at the joints of which inspection wells are installed.
• The distance between the branches directly depends on the type of soil. For clay soil it is 10 meters, for loamy soil - 20 meters, with sand type soil - 45 meters.

Laying drainage pipes with your own hands

First you need to determine the location of the drainage system. There are only two placement options:

• “wall” drainage - passes only near the foundation of the house and prevents moisture from entering directly into the building itself;

• drainage system located along the entire perimeter of the site - protects not only the base of the building, but also others outbuildings and plantings located on the territory.

Stages of work

• The first step will be to mark the area for placement drainage ditches. To facilitate the process, you can use a special laser rangefinder. Particular attention should be paid to places where moisture accumulates after rain - this means that water exchange in this area is difficult due to the density of the soil or the presence of obstacles.
• Trench. The recess under the drainage trench must be made taking into account differences in height. The main task of the prepared ditch system is the rapid and unhindered outflow of water.

Tip: during work, you can use a watering hose, running a certain volume of water - make sure that water does not accumulate in certain parts of the trench.

• Before installing drainage pipes, the bottom of the trench must be thoroughly compacted. Then any filter material is laid, and its ends should extend beyond the trench. Next, river sand and crushed stone are poured, first coarse, then medium fraction, to a thickness of no more than 20 cm.
• Drainage pipes are cut according to the dimensions of the diagram using a jigsaw or a special device - a pipe cutter. Next, you should begin laying the pipes, connecting the joints using fittings. In order for the joint to be strong, it is necessary to join the parts after pre-heating the joining sections.
• The pipes must be carefully wrapped with geotextile, securing the joints with rope or thin wire. The choice of such material is not accidental, since it must allow water to pass through the perforation. In addition to throughput, the functions of geotextiles include protecting the perforations of the pipe from clogging.

• Pipe laying must be done at a slope, connecting the ends to inspection wells. The system can use two types of wells: sealed, which allows the collected water to be used for technical purposes, and absorbent - the water will go back into the soil. The slope of the drainage pipes depends on its diameter; the larger it is, the less slope is required.
• The next step in installing drainage pipes will be filling the surface with crushed stone and sand. After which the structure is wrapped with sheets of filter material located on the surface and covered with a layer of soil.

Drainage pipes video

Drainage system maintenance

When arranging a site with a drainage system, it is important not only its thoughtful and high-quality installation, but also compliance with operating rules. This will allow the system to operate for as long as possible.

Approximately once every four years, it is mandatory to inspect the condition of pipes and wells as a preventative measure. In addition, once every two years it is worth measuring the water level in the wells; a significant change in it may indicate the following factors:

• damage to the integrity of the pipe;
• formation of dense blockage;
• accumulation of silt deposits on the entire surface of the pipe;
• partial settlement of the pipeline due to soil movement.

In order to avoid such problems, it is necessary to promptly inspect the drainage system and clean it from various types of contaminants.

Errors in laying drainage pipes

The efficiency of drainage directly depends on the quality of the installation. Any disturbances during operation will lead to system failure. IN best case scenario You can repair the damaged area; in the worst case, you will have to completely reinstall the drainage system.

The most common mistakes include:

• selection of a pipeline system without taking into account soil quality. For example: on loamy soil it is not recommended to use pipes without a filtration system;
• violations associated with a change or absence of the angle of inclination of the drainage system;
• initially there is no option for draining water from the well;
• the technology for arranging drainage pipes is not followed - the installation was carried out without filter filling of crushed stone and sand;
• absence of geotextiles and filter material;
• poor-quality pipe soldering;
• no perforation.

When choosing the type of drainage system, you should base it on the location of the site and the quality of the soil. To independently arrange a drainage system, it is necessary to plan the drainage layout in advance. When choosing materials, preference should be given to the most practical and durable. These include plastic corrugated pipes with perforations. By following all the stages of laying the drainage system, you can get quality system drainage In addition, drainage guarantees protection of the basement or basement of the house from the harmful effects of groundwater.

Groundwater drainage is the lowering of the groundwater level using various systems: trenches, canals, wells, pumps and other devices. Today, for this purpose, a pipe system is used in suburban areas, as it is the most effective in terms of long-term operation and ease of installation work. for groundwater drainage - these are several varieties that manufacturers offer today. All of them differ from each other only in the material from which they are made.

Read in the article

Materials for making pipes

The main material for the production of drainage pipes today is. More recently, when polymers were not so in demand on an industrial scale, drainage pipes were made from clay and asbestos. In the first case, these were ceramic products, in the second, they were based on an asbestos-cement mixture.

They are produced in accordance with GOST 8411-74, which provides for the production of three types of pipe products that differ from each other in external shape: round, hexagonal and octagonal. The internal section is round.

Size range.

Manufacturers offer perforated or unperforated ceramic pipes. The connection is made using special couplings with a smooth inner surface.

Attention! Ceramic drainage pipes differ from the same sewer pipes in the absence of a glazed coating on the surface.

Ceramic pipes are used only in the reclamation system. They are not used in private housing construction due to the difficulties associated with installation.

Asbestos cement (chrysotile cement)

They are manufactured according to GOST 1839-80. The production of these pipes is based on asbestos fiber, which is poured cement mortar. Fibers act as a reinforcing frame, giving the product shape and forming strength.

Today, manufacturers offer two types of asbestos-cement pipes: pressure and non-pressure. The second ones are used in water reduction.

Dimensions:

Connections of drainage pipes to each other - couplings or others in which they are installed rubber cuffs to make the joint airtight. The service life is 50 years, and this figure is inferior to plastic products. Although it should be noted that asbestos-cement pipes are cheaper.

Plastic

The term plastic perforated pipes for drainage should be understood as all products made from all types of polymer compounds. And this is polyvinyl chloride, and low and high pressure polyethylene.

All of them are divided not only according to the source material, but also according to some technical and technological aspects. In terms of strength and rigidity:

• flexible, come in coils up to 50 m long;
• rigid, with a length of 6 or 12 m.

By number of layers: one- or two-layer. According to the configuration: with or without filter coating. Shape: smooth or corrugated.

PVC pipes

It should immediately be noted that PVC pipes do not belong to the category of plastic products. Therefore, they are produced in a certain length - 6 m. They are connected to each other using a socket method, this applies to the junction of pipes with each other and with fittings.

Specifications.

It should be noted that there are several classes of rigidity of PVC pipes from SN2 to SN16. This indicator determines at what depth the products can be laid so that they can withstand soil pressure and other loads. Eg:

1. SN2 – can be laid to a depth of no more than 1 m.
2. SN3 – up to 6 m.
3. SN4 – up to 9 m.

As practice shows, in private housing construction class SN3 or 4 is usually used.

Polypropylene

This plastic products flexible type, single or double layer. The first outer layer is corrugated, the inner smooth pipe. This design allows the drainage system to withstand both dynamic and static loads.

Today, manufacturers offer pipes of this type in two diameters: 110 and 160 mm, with wall thicknesses of 3.4 and 4.9 mm, respectively. This is a non-pressure design; the pipes can withstand a maximum internal pressure of 0.5 atm, which is normal for drainage. The most important thing is that it tolerates various temperature changes. It does not crack or break at both low and low temperatures. high temperatures. This is a very important point if the level of soil freezing is lower than the groundwater level.

Polyethylene

It should be noted that a polyethylene pipe for groundwater drainage is the best option in a water dewatering system for suburban areas. Firstly, it is a flexible design. Secondly, its length is 50 m, so the pipes come in coils. This allows the drainage system to be laid without joints.

Manufacturers today offer pipes with diameters: 63-630 mm. The entire range is divided into three main groups:

1. Without perforation and filtration layer.
2. With perforation without filter.
3. With perforation and filter element.

In private housing construction, drains with a diameter of 110, 160 and 200 mm are mainly used. Let's look at their characteristics.

Attention! Double-layer corrugated pipes are made from two types of polyethylene: the outer corrugated layer is low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE), the inner smooth layer is LDPE (high-pressure).

Perforation of drainage pipes

Groundwater drainage using a drainage system is the gravity flow of water through pipes into which it penetrates through holes. This is precisely why perforation is done in drains. You can do it yourself using drilling, or you can purchase ready-made perforated products, which is much easier in terms of future installation.

It is necessary to understand that perforation itself is a specific arrangement of holes of a certain area. Based on the location of the holes, drainage pipes are divided into four groups:

1. With 360° perforation. It is a versatile material that is usually used in areas with high groundwater levels. The holes are located in circular increments of 60°.
2. With 240° perforation. The only requirement here is to install the non-perforated side down.
3. With 180° perforation. Such pipes are called “halves”. They are usually used to drain storm water.
4. With 120° perforation. This is a highly specialized variety, so it is not used in suburban areas.

Filter layer

Typically, the drainage system is constructed in a filter layer, which consists of two layers of different materials: and crushed stone. The first forms external protection, the second internal. This is how they are arranged - first, geotextiles are laid in the trench, a layer of crushed stone 15 cm thick is poured into it, a pipe is laid on it, then another crushed stone layer and all this is wrapped with the ends of the geotextile. This results in a multilayer structure.

Today, manufacturers offer ready-made drains, wrapped in filter material, which uses the same geotextile or coconut winding. To determine which one is better, you need to understand that geotextiles are non-woven fabric made of polyester, that is, artificial material polymer based. Therefore, it has a long service life. Wherein polymer material It easily tolerates various loads, it does not rot or corrode.

In this regard, coconut winding is inferior in many respects. It has a short service life and can only be used in sandy soils. At the same time, the throughput of coconut fiber is 700 microns, and that of geotextiles is 450÷700 microns. That is, in many respects the second material is better. Therefore, if there is a choice, then it is better to give preference to geotextiles.

Selection of pipes by soil type

An important aspect of choice, on which the quality and efficiency of the drainage system will depend.

1. If the soil at the construction site is crushed stone or gravel, then single-layer perforated pipes without a filter layer can be used.
2. If the soil is sandy, then a drainage system made from products with a protective filter layer is used.
3. If the soil is clayey, then you can use two options. The first is to lay a single-layer drain without filtration into the crushed stone layer, followed by wrapping it with geotextiles. The second is to use a system with filtration.
4. If the soil on the site is loam. Here there is only one option - pipes wrapped in geotextile, sprinkled with crushed stone on top.

Corrugated drainage pipes

Today, all manufacturers produce corrugated drainage pipes as the best option with high load-bearing capacity. Corrugations are stiffening ribs that provide the necessary strength. They were initially produced for laying under highways and highways, where pipelines are subjected to heavy mechanical loads from cars passing through the site where the sewer system is installed.

But over time, due to the fact that the production technology of corrugated pipes is no different from smooth ones, these models were mainly produced. Now they are used in any drainage system, regardless of whether they will withstand heavy loads or not. But products of large diameters are still used for pipelines, which can be subjected to quite serious tests.

It should be noted that corrugated PVC drainage pipes with a diameter of 400 mm and above do not have perforations. Manufacturers offer products with a diameter of no more than 200 mm. All other models are sewer types. But if it becomes necessary to lay them in the drainage system, then you can make holes in them using a drill and a drill, thereby creating conditions for water to penetrate into the pipe junction. That is, making a drainage pipe out of an ordinary sewer pipe with your own hands is not a problem.

In this case, traditional standard scheme settings:

1. Geotextiles are placed in prepared trenches.
2. A layer of crushed stone 15 cm thick is poured into it.
3. The pipe is being laid.
4. Another upper layer crushed stone so that it completely covers the pipe line.
5. Geotextile wrapping is carried out.
6. Backfilling with soil.

Rules for organizing a drainage system for draining groundwater

In general, drainage systems are divided into two groups: for draining groundwater and for removing precipitation. The latter is called storm water. It is laid at a shallow depth, and its main task is to remove rainfall and melting snow water from the site. Often stormwater is made in the form open system, which is a trench filled with rubble.

As for drainage for groundwater, this is a pipe system laid below the groundwater level. To do this, a laying pattern is determined, which can be circular or herringbone. The latter is one main highway, to which auxiliary branches are connected at an angle.

Attention! A water reduction system must be installed around the foundation of the house. Therefore, it is laid before laying the foundation structure.

If laying a drainage pipe is carried out around a house that has already been built, then the following technology must be followed:

1. It is dug in trenches no more than 20 m long along.
2. A pipe line is laid in it.
3. All protective measures are being taken.
4. The trench is backfilled with soil.
5. The next 20 m are excavated.
6. And installation work is being carried out in this area.

This technology makes it possible not to dig trenches around the entire perimeter so as not to weaken its load-bearing capacity.

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