How to find out your hormones. Analysis for female hormones: when to take it

The totality of hormones in quantitative ratio is called the hormonal background. These substances are produced by endocrine glands; the correct functioning of the most important processes depends on them: metabolism, growth, development of mental abilities.

The ratio of these substances in women determines their well-being, the ability to get pregnant and bear a child, and their mood.

When the balance is disturbed, functional changes in organ systems can occur, which is why it is important to know how to normalize hormone levels. Hormonal levels in women change during different periods of life and every month. Problems arise when there is dysfunctional dysfunction at work, e.g. thyroid gland

, or the main center that regulates the activity of the endocrine system - the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Changes that have begun are sometimes irreversible.

There are periods when changes in the ratio of hormones are a completely normal process. Change hormonal levels

1. in women during the cycle.
2. The first significant change occurs during the maturation period.
3. With the onset of intimate relationships, the ratio of hormones also changes.
4. With the onset of pregnancy, the body hormonally prepares for bearing and giving birth to a child. In the 1st trimester there is a significant increase in progesterone.
5. After childbirth, the hormone ratio changes again, ensuring the onset of the lactation period.
6. With age, reproductive function declines, and this again causes changes. The production of the hormone estradiol stops, the concentration of calcitocin and progesterone decreases.

There are also seasonal and monthly fluctuations associated with menstruation, when the quantitative content of estrogen and progesterone changes.

Risk factors

• Hormonal levels in women are disrupted due to:
• obesity;
• infectious diseases;
• strict diets leading to sudden weight loss;
• systematic consumption of fast food;
• long-term use of contraceptives, as well as use according to a regimen that does not comply with the instructions;
• hormonal therapy;
• stress;
• physical activity;
• chronic fatigue;
• alcohol abuse;
• drug use;
• abnormal development of endocrine system organs;
• poor environmental conditions;

Symptoms and signs of hormonal imbalance

In women, symptoms of the disorder are:

• reproductive function: difficulties with pregnancy, anorgasmia, miscarriages, menstrual irregularities, obesity, hypertrichosis, acne;
• CNS: fatigue, drowsiness, irritability, depression, mood swings;
• metabolism: osteoporosis, obesity.

Here are the likely causes of these symptoms:

• Weight loss, while appetite does not decrease, but also increases, is associated with an increase in the intensity of the thyroid gland. Weight loss is accompanied by insomnia, irritability, sweating, increased body temperature to 37-37.5 degrees, and tremors of the upper extremities.
• Obesity is the other side of thyroid dysfunction. The main symptoms include drowsiness, dry skin, weakness, alopecia, and low blood pressure.
• The appearance of unwanted hair, as well as its darkening, indicates increased production of the male hormone testosterone. This is caused by dysfunction of the gonads. Additional symptoms may include a disorder of the monthly cycle, increased oiliness of the skin, along with the appearance of acne and dandruff.
• If the adrenal glands, hypothalamus and pituitary gland malfunction, stretch marks can form. This is also accompanied by an increase in body volume, in particular the face, abdomen, neck, the growth of unwanted hair, a decrease in the body’s protective functions, sexual dysfunction, and hypertension.
• With intensive production of growth hormone, signs of acromegaly are observed. This is a characteristic deformation lower jaw, cheekbones, which is accompanied by pain in the joints, numbness of the limbs, migraines, and increased fatigue.
• A drop in vision levels accompanied by migraines is a likely sign of a neoplasm putting pressure on the pituitary gland.
• With diabetes, there is thirst, an increase in the volume of fluid secreted by the body, weakness, a decrease in the regenerative abilities of the skin, and itchy skin.
• With hypothyroidism, the skin begins to peel off, becomes rough, memory deteriorates, irritability increases, and reactions become slower. With increased function, that is, hyperthyroidism, characteristic signs are increased sweating, itching of the skin, and the appearance of red spots on the lower extremities.
• A deficiency of parathyroid hormone produced by the parathyroid gland results in muscle cramps, migraines and ringing in the ears. When there is an excess of the hormone, disruption of the digestive tract occurs, irritability, bad mood, and weakness appear.

During the maturation period, the disorder manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Premature development. Relatively early puberty is a likely consequence of hereditary factors. Too early (before 7-8 years) is a serious disease, in which a tumor of the pituitary gland or ovaries is often diagnosed.
• Disruption in the menstrual cycle. Occurs as a result of disruption of the functioning of the main regulatory center and the ovaries, which, in turn, can be caused by excessive stress: both mental, emotional, and physical. Usually, after a long delay in menstruation, a period of prolonged bleeding occurs, which can lead to anemia.
• Late first menstruation. As in the first case, hereditary factors can have a decisive influence on this process. There is a possibility of dysfunction of the pituitary gland or ovaries. In addition, delayed puberty can occur with anorexia. The growth of the mammary glands slows down, that is, signs of lag appear physical development according to the female type.
• Subtlety– excessive thinness – affects not only the time of the onset of menstruation, but also the general hormonal background of a woman.
• The appearance of signs of hormonal imbalance after the first menstruation: acne, stretch marks, obesity, acromegaly. Most often, this process is mediated by trauma, stress, or a viral disease. Other symptoms also appear: headaches, changes in blood pressure, chronic fatigue.

Additional signs of hormone imbalance:

• cessation of height growth;
• sweating;
• decreased vision;
• peeling and itching of the skin.

During the period of fertility, when the hormonal background is destabilized, signs that make it possible to unambiguously diagnose the disorder may not be observed. The only sign by which appropriate conclusions can be drawn is unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant. But menstrual cycle Normally, disorders only affect ovulation.

Most often, one of the following symptoms appears:

• Amenorrhea or absence of menstruation. Both long-term refusal of food or serious food restriction, as well as disease of the ovaries or brain, or increased production of hormones by the adrenal glands can affect the level of hormones.
• Prolonged bleeding, which often do not coincide with the cycle, starting after long delays. Ovulation does not always occur. The consequence of bleeding can be endometriosis and uterine tumors.
• PMS– severe symptoms are not normal. They indicate disturbances in the functioning of the hypothalamus.
• Itsenko-Cushing syndrome– characterized by hypertrichosis, the appearance of stretch marks, brittle bones, the formation of a skin-fat hump on the back, hypertrophy of the heart muscle.

After an abortion, the body experiences serious hormonal stress caused by a failure of the natural process. Normally, hormonal levels should return to normal. Consequences of abortion, such as weight gain, stretch marks, headaches, indicate disorders in the body. Depression and vaginal dryness are likely.

In the postpartum period, a violation is indicated by the absence of menstruation when lactation ceases, hypertrichosis, increased irritability, which can be provoked not only by disease or infection, but also by overwork. A lack of the hormone oxytocin leads to a deterioration in the contractility of the uterus, which is why postpartum fluid remains in it, causing postpartum depression.

Signs of disturbance during menopause:

• pronounced PMS;
• weakness;
• depression;
• joint pain;
• insomnia in the morning;
• absent-mindedness;
• soreness of the mammary glands.

Consequences of hormonal imbalance

Hormonal imbalance in women causes such consequences as:

• threat of miscarriage during pregnancy;
• disruption of labor;
• cycle disruption;
• infertility;

• pronounced signs of menopause (often premature);
• development of cancerous tumors;
• diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent);
• osteoporosis;
• atherosclerosis.

Female hormones and signs of fluctuations in their levels

Hormonal levels in women are determined by several key hormones:

Diseases causing changes

Hormonal imbalance in women occurs due to diseases:

• brain injuries;
• viral infection;
• uterine fibroids;

• polycystic ovary syndrome – affects testosterone levels;
• adrenal tumor – causes an increase in testosterone levels;
• pituitary tumor – can cause an increase or decrease in the level of any female hormone, which is determined by the location of the tumor;
• underdevelopment of endocrine glands;
• inflammation of the genital organs;
• diabetes.

Diagnostics

To successfully determine the causes of the disease and determine the course of treatment, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis, which includes:

• clarification of medical history;
• examination on a gynecological chair;
• tests for all of the above hormones and lipoproteins;
• Ultrasound of the adrenal glands;
• Ultrasound of reproductive organs, liver;
• consultation with an endocrinologist;
• Ultrasound of the endocrine glands, in particular the thyroid gland, and a blood test for the hormones produced by it;
• hysteroscopy;
• laparoscopy.

Treatment

The course of treatment includes:

• taking vitamins, hormonal drugs;
• psychotherapy;
• surgical intervention.

Treatment depends on the identified pathologies. For serious disorders associated with benign and malignant neoplasms in the glands that regulate hormonal levels, surgery, laparoscopy or curettage, as well as appropriate therapy, including radiation and chemotherapy, are necessary.

In other cases, hormonal-correcting drugs are prescribed. Treatment can be aimed at eliminating symptoms, as, for example, during menopause (with menopause, drugs are prescribed that reduce the intensity of the symptoms of menopausal syndrome).

If a hormonal imbalance occurs due to natural circumstances, such as childbirth, medical attention is not required, as it returns to normal on its own. After an abortion, medications are taken that normalize hormonal levels.

During the period of treatment you must refrain from:

• sexual intercourse;
• stress;
• bad habits.

Spa treatment is useful.

Vitamins

Vitamins and minerals are necessary to eliminate the consequences hormonal disorders, And directly normalizing hormonal levels:

• A– normalizes progesterone levels, participates in the production of sex hormones;
• B– the whole group, including folic acid, help improve well-being, participate in the processes of conception, pregnancy development, and determine libido;

• E– necessary for the functioning of the thyroid gland during pregnancy;
• C– participates in the process of hormone production by the adrenal glands.

Homeopathic remedies

To normalize hormonal levels, homeopathic remedies are prescribed, which are considered safer, although you should also be careful when taking them and take them only as prescribed by a doctor.

Hormone therapy

When prescribing hormonal therapy, individual hormone levels are taken into account. If the disorders are not critical, oral contraceptives can be used to normalize hormones - Zhanin, Yarina.

For example, if the ovaries are underdeveloped, estrogen-containing drugs are taken to compensate for organ dysfunction and normalize the menstrual cycle. Estrogen and progesterone are taken in increased dosages for dysfunction of the ovaries and hypothalamus, which leads to normalization of the ovulatory cycle.

Injections of chronic human gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone are necessary for follicle growth.

Duphaston - taken for progesterone deficiency. Its active substance is dydrogesterone. The dosage is adjusted by the doctor.

The treatment regimen varies depending on the disease:

	Endometriosis	PMS	Bleeding (taken with estrogen-containing medications)	Dysmenorrhea
Duration	5-25 days cycle	11-25 days of the cycle	5-7 days	5-25 days cycle
Dosage	10 mg	10 mg	10 mg	10 mg
Reception frequency	2-3 rubles/day	2 rubles/day	By purpose	By purpose

	Amenorrhea (as part of complex therapy)	Infertility	Irregular menstrual cycle
Duration	By purpose	14-25 days of the cycle for 3-6 months. or up to 20 weeks. pregnancy	11-25 days of the cycle
Dosage	10 mg	10 mg (40 mg once if there is a threat of miscarriage)	10 mg
Reception frequency	By purpose	By purpose	By purpose

Metipred. The active ingredient is methylprednisolone. The drug is taken when there is a threat of spontaneous abortion due to increased testosterone levels. Prescription form: tablets or intramuscular injections in severe cases.

Utrozhestan. The drug regulates progesterone and estrogen levels by increasing progesterone production and decreasing estrogen levels. It is advisable to take the drug in the second half of the cycle (after ovulation and before day 26), when the role of progesterone increases.

Indications for use: irregular menstrual cycle, delay and absence of menstruation, scanty discharge. Duration of use: pregnancy planning and up to 27 weeks after conception. The drug is discontinued gradually. Hormonal ointments and suppositories can be used as prescribed by a doctor. The course of therapy with hormone-containing drugs is usually 3 months.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies will help stabilize female hormonal levels. However, plants can also have harmful properties. They contain hormone-like substances of plant origin, which can be harmful to the body in increased dosages.

1. To stabilize the cycle, it is recommended to take infusions and decoctions based on calendula, nettle, and meadow clover.
2. For menopause, folk remedies based on mint, lemon balm, St. John's wort, sage (contains phytoestrogens, so products based on it help prevent estrogen deficiency), lily of the valley, and black crow will help.
3. Oregano activates the production of female sex hormones.
4. Fenugreek is taken after childbirth, for painful discharge.
5. Black cumin oil is used for infertility.
6. Flax oil normalizes estrogen levels.
7. Potentilla cinquefoil will help normalize progesterone levels.

How to use some of the above plants and oils should be considered in more detail. To normalize hormonal levels, black cumin oil is used. Dosage: 1 tsp, separately from meals. The oil will be more effective if taken before meals, and it will be better digested after meals.

The product is combined with hormonal therapy, but the oil cannot be taken simultaneously with hormone-containing tablets.

There should be a break of at least 3 hours between medications.

Flax oil contains a significant amount of phytoestrogens, including lignin. It can be taken to reduce the symptoms of menopause. Dosage: 2 tbsp. You can use it to dress salads. The effect will be noticeable in 1-2 weeks.

Sage activates the process of endometrial formation, promotes the maturation of follicles, which increases the likelihood of conception. Doctors recommend taking water decoctions and infusions of sage orally, while simultaneously conducting therapy with Duphaston and Utrozhestan at the beginning of the cycle.

One of the infusion recipes: 1 tsp. leaves are brewed with slightly cooled water after boiling (1 tbsp), infused, then filtered. Dosage: 1⁄4 tbsp. 3 rubles/day It is not recommended to take the infusion in the evening.

• It is important to know that the plant is contraindicated:
• with fibroids, endometriosis;
• hypersensitivity;
• problems with the thyroid gland;
• increased estrogen levels;

during lactation and in the first trimester of pregnancy.

• Throughout the entire cycle, you can take wormwood, sage and boron uterus - each plant on certain days:
• wormwood – from 1-5 days;
• sage – from 6-15 days;

boron uterus - from 16-25 days. Wormwood increases monthly bleeding.

Recipe: 2 tbsp. herbs for 1 tbsp. hot boiled water. Then the container is placed in a steam bath for 15 minutes. Take 2 tbsp. 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day. Sage is taken strictly before ovulation. 1 tsp Brew 1 tbsp in a thermos. water, leave for 15-20 minutes. The strained solution is taken 20-30 minutes before meals.

Fenugreek seeds increase estrogen and prolactin levels in the body. It can be taken in the form of powder, decoctions or infusions. Tea is prepared from the powder by brewing it. The infusion is prepared in a thermos for 2 minutes. For 1 tbsp. seeds take 1 tbsp. water.

To reduce the duration of menstruation and reduce their pain, brew goose cinquefoil: 1 tsp. herbs for 1 tbsp. boiling water

Take the product 2 times a day. The course of treatment begins a week before the onset of menstruation and ends with the onset of menstruation. 1 tbsp. sacred vitex brew 2 tbsp. boiling water in a thermos and leave for 6-8 hours in the thermos. The infusion stimulates ovulation and helps stabilize the cycle.

Diet

Hormonal levels in women can be normalized, simultaneously getting rid of the consequences of its imbalance, such as obesity, fatigue, bad mood, with the help of a balanced diet. In addition to avoiding fatty, fried, and alcoholic drinks, it is necessary to include in the menu foods that affect female hormonal levels, that is, containing vitamins A and E, as well as phytohormones.

Must be used:

• fish;
• soy products;
• legumes;
• cabbage;
• spinach;
• eggs;
• pumpkin seeds;
• nuts, dates, pomegranate - to increase estrogen levels;
• wild yam for progesterone deficiency;
• vegetable oil;
• carrot;
• persimmon;
• apples;
• dried fruits;
• berries.

Experts note the benefits of juice therapy and fasting days for cleansing the body naturally.

Regime and lifestyle

Supporting the body, along with diet, will allow:

rejection of bad habits;

normalization of sleep and rest patterns.

Menstrual irregularities, infertility, early menopause, diseases of the genital organs in women are associated with hormonal imbalance, an increase in the level of some hormones and a decrease in the level of others. Depending on the complexity of the disease, treatment may include taking vitamins, homeopathic, hormonal medications or folk remedies.

Useful videos about hormonal levels in women, normal indicators and recovery methods

Causes of hormonal imbalance in women:

Symptoms of hormonal imbalances:

Hormones are specialized chemical elements, the relationship of these elements in the human body. All this plays an important role in the internal processes of the human body.

The endocrine glands are the main producer of these elements and distribute them throughout the hematopoietic system of the human body.

Hormone functions in women

The functioning of the reproductive system is a rather difficult process. Hormonal levels are largely responsible for it. There are two key type hormones that have a strong effect on the female reproductive system: progesterone and estrogen.

Progesterone

Progesterone- this is a steroid-type hormonal element, it is formed in the body due to the yellow body, which appears when the follicle ruptures during the ovulation phase. This hormonal element plays a significant role in the preparatory period of a woman for pregnancy.

It achieves the following:

When there is an excess or insufficient amount of this hormone in the body, the following symptoms are observed:

• Missed menstruation.
• Bloating.
• The presence of pain in the mammary glands.
• Hemorrhages in the vagina.
• Mood swings.

If such symptoms are observed, it is urgent to undergo a progesterone test and visit a medical specialist involved in endocrinology.

An increase in the content of this hormone may occur due to problems with the adrenal glands and ovaries. If an increase in content is observed during pregnancy, then this is a normal phenomenon. A decrease in the hormone content is observed with chronic inflammation in the genital area, problems with the activity of the yellow body.

In addition, this hormonal element has the following effects:

• decreased activity;
• decreased desire to eat;
• change in emotional background.

Estrogen

Estrogens are a different hormonal group.

Estrogen is attributed to:

A normal amount of estrogen contributes to the healthy condition of the skin, as well as a good figure.

Insufficient amount of hormone:

• at a young age leads to:
• slow formation of female genital organs;
• the menstrual process occurs much later;
• There is no enlargement of the uterus.
• in adulthood leads to:
• disrupted process of falling asleep;
• skin diseases;
• painful menstrual process;
• poor memory.

If the amount of the hormone is insufficient, it is recommended to consume vitamin E, as well as other medical supplies, which will be prescribed by a medical specialist. Coffee, bean-type products, eggplant dishes, carrot dishes, and dairy products also contribute to an increase in the content of the hormonal element in the blood.

The most common situation for females is a high level of this hormone.

Symptoms of this:

The functions of estrogen in the body are numerous, including the following:

• formation of protective layers for blood vessels (prevents the formation of cholesterol-type plaques);
• increased skin density;
• regulation of the activity of sebaceous glands;
• regulation of salts in the body;
• impact on the formation of bone type tissue;
• participation in maintaining bone strength.

During menopause, insufficient production of this hormone leads to osteoporosis and increases the risk of fractures.

In addition to those mentioned, other hormonal elements are also produced; information about them is given below.

Prolactin

The pituitary gland is responsible for the formation of this hormonal element. To a lesser extent, it is produced in the inner part of the uterus.

The hormone differs in the forms that are present in the blood:

• monomeric (~ 80%);
• dimeric (~ 20%);
• tetrameric (~5%).

The effects of a hormonal element on the body:

• promoting the development of the chest;
• increasing the duration of the corpus luteum stage;
• promoting the formation of colostrum;
• preventing pregnancy during the period of conception.

In such cases, an increase in the hormone leads to unpleasant consequences:

• formation of neoplasms in the pituitary gland;
• endocrine problems;
• decrease in vitamin B6;
• increasing the degree of radiation exposure.

If there is a high degree of a hormonal element, you need to visit a medical specialist, after all the tests have been carried out, he will prescribe appropriate measures to reduce the degree to normal.

They are formed by the pituitary gland and are responsible for regulating the activity of the gonads.

The impact occurs in part:

• promoting the emergence of mature cells of the sexual type;
• the process of creating estrogens;
• taking an active role in the ovulation process;
• participation in the creation of follicles.

High levels of the hormone in the body are often observed during inflammatory reactions in the reproductive glands, as well as bleeding in the uterus.

Low levels often occur due to polycystic disease or excess body weight.

Luteotropic hormone

Refers to hormones formed by the pituitary gland.

He is responsible for:

• progesterone production;
• activation of estrogen production;
• participation in the creation of the yellow type body.

A huge amount of the hormone can be during the ovulation process (normal) or with neoplasms in the brain, prolonged refusal of food, emotional stress, as well as for ovarian wasting syndrome.

Androgens

They are male-type hormones, but are also produced in women.

They stimulate the development of hair on the pubic area, in the armpits, and stimulate growth in the labia majora and clitoris.

With a high degree of androgens in females, secondary characteristics of the male sexual type are formed. Because of this, sometimes female representatives experience baldness and deepening of their voices.

In this case, female hormones are formed in smaller quantities, and the development of the egg does not occur. Such symptoms can lead to loss of reproductive function.

Why take a hormone test?

This type of analysis is able to identify the key points of what effects hormones have on the condition of a person’s skin and hair, and his weight characteristics.

Often, if there are problems in these parts, a person has problems with hormones and if they are resolved, there will be an improvement.

A blood test, for example, is determined by medical specialists to determine the state of affairs in the thyroid gland, pituitary gland and other integral elements of the body.

If there is a pregnancy, this process is mandatory, as it allows you to diagnose potential diseases in the unborn child.

During pregnancy

This type of analysis is one of many methods designed to diagnose various diseases in the human body.

If there is a pregnancy, this analysis is extremely necessary, since it largely allows us to say whether the female representative and her unborn child are feeling well.

Hormones are responsible for controlling many human processes - general development, growth, metabolic processes, reproduction.

For correct functioning in the body of a female representative, the ratio of hormones must coincide with normalized values, only then she will not have health problems.

Hormonal levels in women depend not only on age characteristics, but also a number of other factors. The presence or absence of pregnancy is one of them. In this case, hormones jump from normalized values ​​upward or downward.

Laboratory-type analysis allows us to understand changes in hormonal levels and detect diseases. Subsequently, a medical specialist knowledgeable in gynecological issues will be able to issue an appropriate conclusion based on the results of this analysis. If necessary, the required treatment will be prescribed.

Most often, in the presence of pregnancy, the following hormones are analyzed:

• pituitary gland– prolactin, FSH, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), LH;
• sexual type– testosterone, estriol, estradiol;
• thyroid glands– T3 and T3 free; T4 and T4 free;
• adrenal glands– cortisol, DHEA sulfate, progesterone, ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone);
• antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin.

Prenatal screening is an extremely important procedure in the presence of pregnancy and testing is largely prescribed for it.

In the human body, everything is interconnected, hormonal levels depend on external influences and this affects the body as a whole. It is important to monitor such processes. It is recommended to take tests on an empty stomach, early in the morning. Before donating blood for tests, it is worth excluding excessive physical activity and drinking alcoholic beverages.

During menopause

Testing is required to determine whether menstruation has stopped; this occurs when the active activity of the ovaries decreases. Most often, this process occurs by the age of forty-five years.

Upon reaching this age, the formation of the necessary elements that are necessary for the proper flow of menstruation does not occur.

This is a normal phenomenon, but sometimes the cessation of menstruation is associated with pathologies and tests can determine this for sure.

If this is a pathological process, then undergoing tests will determine the key causes of the pathological process and select the necessary medical treatment.

Estrogens are responsible for the development of a woman’s physiological structure, in particular they contribute to the development of the uterine lining.

Progestins are responsible for the compaction of the endometrium in the middle of the cycle and its renewal in the final part of the cycle.

These hormones are formed by the pituitary gland due to the synthesis of FSH and LH during its operation. Their volumes are interdependent on the number of female sex hormones. During menopause, their level changes. Testing for hormones allows you to determine whether a woman is experiencing natural menopause or a pathological process.

When taking tests, the following is established:

• estradiol level;
• the amount of FSH and LH.

This is the optimal information for making a diagnosis of menopause, as well as prescribing hormone replacement therapy if necessary.

For problems with the reproductive system

If you have such problems, you should contact an appropriate medical specialist who, after questioning and analysis, will be able to prescribe tests to determine one of the following types of hormones:

• Sex hormones;
• Thyroid hormones;
• Pituitary hormones.

For disorders of androgenic function

The androgenic function of the body is responsible for male sexual characteristics of the primary and secondary type. Testosterone plays a key role in such traits. A woman's body also produces this hormone, but to a lesser extent.

With increased production of the hormone, a woman may experience loss of reproductive ability and infertility.

Normalized hormone levels:

• for men – 12–33 nmol/l;
• for women – 0.26–1.30 ng/ml.

A decrease in the hormone content in the body leads to a decrease in libidinal indicators, muscle strength characteristics, and also the appearance of excess weight.

When taking tests for testosterone, you must not eat food for at least eight hours before the actual test. The delivery itself should be done in the morning.

For obesity

Leptin is responsible for a person’s appetite, and it also sends an impulse to the brain that the body has reached saturation and food consumption should be stopped.

When this hormone is produced incorrectly, various problems with weight arise (the formation of excess weight or, on the contrary, its sudden loss).

Standardized indicators:

• for men – 0.5–13.8 ng/ml;
• for women – 1.1–27.6 ng/ml.

When the hormone content in the body decreases, a person’s feeling of hunger increases greatly.

Other hormones responsible for the body’s weight characteristics: cortisol and adrenaline, they are actively involved in metabolism.

Before donating blood to test for leptin levels, you should not eat food for about 8 hours, and one day before the procedure you should not “overload” your stomach with an abundance of food.

For diabetes

Diabetes is a disease that is associated with an imbalance of the hormonal system. In particular, with insufficient levels of the hormone that the pancreas synthesizes - insulin.

If this substance is not produced, then the conversion of glucose into energy does not occur and sugar accumulates in the body.

Normalized average insulin value for humans: 2.7–10.4 µU/ml.

To analyze and determine the amount of the hormone, it will be necessary to donate blood from a vein. Eight hours before this, you should stop consuming food and liquid substances.

For acne

Problems with hormones often lead to skin rashes.

Most often this occurs at a young age, as well as in adulthood, shortly before the start of a woman’s menstrual process.

These periods are characterized by an increase in the content of steroid hormones, which lead to skin rashes.

This occurs due to a modification in the composition of the secretion produced, a change in which leads to clogging of the pores and the formation of follicles hair type. This is normal and does not require separate treatment.

However, if the situation with skin rashes does not change until the age of thirty, then the process is pathological in nature and tests are required to check the content of sex-type hormones, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone.

For hair loss

This effect is caused by an increased level of androgens in the blood. Their increased level affects the structure of the hairline, and also leads to hair fragility and active hair loss.

If at the same time there is an additional decrease in libido and a rougher voice, you should immediately take tests to determine the content of androgens in the blood.

Possible reasons for increased androgen levels:

• postpartum period;
• menopause;
• presence of emotional stress;
• problems in the endocrine system;
• problems with the ovaries.

Submission of analysis

Taking a hormone test is necessary to prevent various diseases and understand the state of your body. What is necessary for the correct testing is given below.

Preparing for analysis

Key points to observe:

When to take it?

Hormone levels can be determined by blood or urine.

Hormone analysis can be determined in the following situations:

• there are problems in the development of organs;
• there is a normal pregnancy or with risks;
• a diagnosis of infertility has been established;
• presence of problems in the functioning of the kidneys;
• presence of metabolic problems;
• abnormal condition of hair, skin, nails;
• emotional and mental instability;
• the presence of pathological neoplasms.

A medical specialist in various fields (for example, a specialist in endocrine diseases, gynecology, etc.) can send you for tests.

How to submit?

When taking tests, you must be guided by the following:

Cost of analysis

The price of the analysis differs depending on the hormones and does not exceed 1500 rubles.

Period of execution

The period for issuing the analysis, depending on the specific hormone, can reach up to 7 working days, in rare cases - 14 working days.

Normal sex hormones in women

A key role in the life of every girl is given to the state of her hormonal levels. General well-being, reproductive capabilities, external well-being - all this depends on him.

Hormonal levels determine quality characteristics processes that occur in a girl’s body. There are standardized indicators at which a woman feels good. However, hormonal levels often deviate from decoding indicators.

Key factors that affect hormonal levels:

• Age characteristics.
• Phases of menstruation.

Hormonal levels in menopausal women will also be extremely different from what is considered normal.

If there is menstruation, changes in a woman’s body occur on a regular basis every month. Menstruation is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Hormone and cycle phases

During menstruation, a change of phases occurs: follicular, ovulatory and luteal. Each phase is characterized by its own hormonal level.

Follicular phase

The follicular phase is characterized by increased growth of follicles, maturation of the egg and the onset of bleeding. The average duration of these processes is fourteen days, permissible deviations: from 7 to 22 days.

Changes in hormonal levels during this phase:

• Increased FSH levels.
• An increase in the concentration of estrogen (helps prepare the endometrium for the attachment of a fertilized egg).

Ovulatory phase

The ovulatory phase is the shortest and is characterized by the release of luteinizing hormone. Usually it does not last more than five days. At the end of the phase, the dominant type follicle ruptures and releases an egg (ovulation).

During this phase, the following changes occur:

• Increased LH and FSH.
• Increased concentration of estradiol.

Luteal phase

The luteal phase comes down to the formation of the yellow body.

In this case, the following changes occur in the woman’s body:

• An increase in the level of progesterone (due to it, the endometrium is prepared for implantation of the embryo).
• Decreased FSH levels.
• Decrease in estrogen concentration.

If the fertilization process does not occur, then the endometrium and corpus luteum are rejected. This process is characterized by bloody discharge during menstruation.

Normalized FSH values ​​depending on the phase, mIU/ml:

• From 1.3 to 9.9 or more for follicular.
• From 6.16 to 17.2 or more for ovulatory.
• From 1.1 to 9.2 or more for luteal.

Normalized LH indicators depending on the phase, mIU/ml:

• From 1.67 to 15.0 or more for follicular.
• From 21.8 to 56.5 or more for ovulatory.
• From 0.60 to 16.2 or more for luteal.

Progesterone

Normalized progesterone levels depending on the phase, nmol/l:

• From 0.3 to 2.1 or more for follicular.
• From 0.6 to 9.3 or more for ovulation.
• From 7.1 to 56.5 or more for luteal.

Estradiol

Normalized indicators of E2 (estradiol) depending on the phase, pmol/l:

• From 67 to 1270 or more for follicular.
• From 130 to 1650 or more for ovulatory.
• From 90 to 860 or more for luteal.

Testosterone

Normalized testosterone levels, nmol/l:

• From 0.24 to 2.7 on average.

Prolactin

The level of prolactin does not have a single standardized value; in women it changes cyclically, depending on the menstrual process.

Types of prolactin levels:

• Elevated.
• Reduced.
• Normal.

The limit values ​​of the hormone, which are considered to be the norm:

• in the absence of pregnancy - not lower than 4.1 ng/ml and not higher than 34 ng/ml.

Hormone DHEA

Normalized hormone value in accordance with age characteristics:

• from 6 to 9 years – 0.23 – 1.50 µmol/l;
• from 9 to 15 years – 1.00 – 9.20 µmol/l;
• from 15 to 30 years – 2.40 – 14.50 µmol/l;
• from 30 to 40 years – 1.80 to 9.70 µmol/l;
• from 40 to 50 years – 0.66 to 7.20 µmol/l;
• from 50 to 60 years – 0.94 – 3.30 µmol/l;
• after 60 years – 0.09 – 3.70 µmol/l.

Normalized hormone values ​​in the presence of pregnancy:

• in the first trimester – from 3.12 to 12.48 µmol/l;
• in the second – from 1.7 to 7.0 µmol/l;
• in the third – from 0.86 to 3.6 µmol/l.

Note: in newborn children, androgen levels are extremely elevated, but immediately after birth, its level quickly decreases. Achieving the maximum indicators occurs after puberty, and then decreases simultaneously with the process of growing up.

Which doctor should I contact?

Initially, you should contact a therapist, after which he will write out a referral for the donation of certain hormones.

Where can I get my hormones tested?

You can get test results free of charge at government-run medical organizations after your doctor prescribes the test.

You can undergo and receive test results more quickly in private medical organizations.

For this you will have to pay the required amount of money, the cost may vary, however, you will not have to go through a lengthy process with one specialist to get a referral to the next.

Note: this type of organization should be chosen carefully to avoid becoming a victim of scammers.

In most cases, tests are prescribed for hormonal imbalance. Therefore, it is important to know the symptoms of disorders, consult a doctor in time, take appropriate hormone tests and prescribe further treatment.

Hormones are divided into female, male and sex hormones. Since all types of hormones are present in the body of any person, the balance of all components is important here. Therefore, with hormonal imbalance, symptoms such as:

• disrupted menstrual cycle (often occurs when taking);
• not according to schedule, the most dangerous are in the middle of the cycle;
• persistent acne;
• increased hair growth on the face and body.

We have listed some of the most pronounced disorders, so if you have at least one of them, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Basic hormone tests for women

In most cases, women are tested for 7 main hormones, which also includes a test for the male hormone (testosterone). You may also need to take an additional test for thyroid hormones in case of disturbances in its functioning. Now let's move directly to the hormones themselves.

Sex hormones:

As mentioned earlier, all hormones are divided into female, male and sex hormones. Sex hormones are secreted in the human body by the pituitary gland. These hormones include: LH, FSH and prolactin.

• Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for the functioning of the ovaries, influences the formation of the corpus luteum in a woman, thereby ensuring a process such as ovulation. Therefore, if there is a shortage of this hormone, it is reduced to zero.
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) performs two important functions for female body, namely: stimulates the appearance of new eggs and helps synthesize estrogen.
• Prolactin- a hormone that is directly responsible for the formation of mammary glands after childbirth.

Male hormone:

• Testosterone for women is also important - it has a huge impact on the muscular and skeletal system. With age, the amount of testosterone in a woman’s body becomes less and less, so by the age of 40-50, problems with brittle bones and excess weight often arise during menopause.

Female hormones:

Now let's talk about the three main female hormones responsible for the fertilization of the egg and the further course of pregnancy.

• DEA sulfate- an adrenal hormone that synthesizes the secretion of estrogen from the placenta during pregnancy.
• Progesterone– is responsible for pregnancy, as it stimulates the synthesis of the corpus luteum in the female ovaries. Also controls inventory subcutaneous fat for the preservation and development of the fetus.
• Estradiol- the most important female hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, and the overall level in the body depends on its norm women's health. Therefore, absolutely all women are tested for this hormone.

With additional fee You need to get tested for your thyroid thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T4, free T4, total T3, free T3, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroglobulin, test for antibodies to thyroglobulin, to thyroid peroxidase.

But your doctor will tell you about this in more detail, since the treatment of the thyroid gland will be influenced not only by the elimination of hormonal imbalance, but by other factors.

How are women tested for hormones?

Tests are taken in a special laboratory as prescribed by a doctor. Preparing for a hormone test in women is simple; you only need to follow three steps before the procedure itself.

• Step #1 – don’t eat. All tests are always taken in the morning and on an empty stomach, since taking them in the morning gives more accurate results.
• Step #2 – be a good girl. Yes, a week before the test, do not smoke, drink alcohol or have any sex. Since all this can distort the results and give the doctor the wrong picture.
• Step #3 – avoid stress. Stress increases testosterone levels, so calm is just calm.

Interpretation of hormone tests in women happens the next day. You can compare the analyzes using the tables with generally accepted standards published above. But it is advisable to show them to a doctor, consult and prescribe subsequent treatment.

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

What are hormones?

Hormones– biologically active substances that have a complex systemic effect on the body. Thanks to hormones, all types of metabolism in the body are regulated: protein, carbohydrate, lipid and water-salt.

Hormonal regulation ensures the constancy of the internal environment of the body and a rapid response to unfavorable external influences. Thus, due to rapid changes in hormonal levels, all the body’s forces are mobilized under stress factors. And this same system provides rest and restoration of expended energy.

Thanks to genetically programmed changes in hormonal levels, growth, development and maturation of the body occurs. A gradual decrease in the level of hormones in the blood leads to aging. The most complex changes in hormonal levels in a woman’s body provide the possibility of the birth of a new life, normal childbearing, childbirth and the process of lactation.

Most hormones are produced in specialized organs - endocrine glands. These glands received this name because they secrete their product inside - directly into the blood.

The endocrine glands are subject to the central complex of neuroendocrine regulation, the so-called hypothalamic-pituitary system, located in the brain.

Features of preparation for taking a hormonal analysis: one day before, it is necessary to exclude sexual contact and thermal procedures (sauna, bathhouse).

Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin is a specific pregnancy hormone, which is similar in action to gonadotropins (LH and FSH).

Progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone of the corpus luteum of the ovary, formed after the release of a mature egg from the follicle. This hormone is necessary for a normal pregnancy, so its concentration increases throughout gestation.

Outside of pregnancy, progesterone levels begin to increase immediately before ovulation, and reach a maximum in the middle of the luteal phase of the cycle (the interval between the release of the egg and the beginning of the next menstruation - days 14-28 of the cycle).

A hormonal blood test for progesterone is taken on the 22-23rd day of the cycle in the morning, on an empty stomach.

Estradiol
Estradiol is the most active female sex hormone, which is produced in the ovaries, placenta and adrenal cortex under the influence of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland.

A hormonal test for estradiol is taken on the 6-7th day of the cycle in the morning, on an empty stomach.

Estriol
Estriol is a female sex hormone, which is called the main estrogen of pregnancy. When taking a hormonal test for estradiol, it should be taken into account that taking antibiotics and some other medications can significantly reduce the concentration of estriol in the blood.

Testosterone
Testosterone is the main male hormone that determines the development of secondary sexual characteristics, puberty and reproductive function.

In men, most of the testosterone is produced in the testicle, and less in the adrenal cortex. In women, testosterone is partially formed during the transformation process from other steroids, as well as in the cells of the inner lining of the follicle and the reticular layer of the adrenal glands.

Hormonal tests for amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual bleeding in women of reproductive age for 6 months or more. This is one of the most common sexual dysfunctions in women.

There are primary and secondary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea is when a woman has never menstruated, secondary is when the monthly cycle was present and then stopped.

It should be noted that in both primary and secondary amenorrhea, first of all, it is necessary to do a pregnancy test (determine the level of hCG (chorionic gonadotropin) in the blood).

Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea can be caused by a number of reasons, such as congenital abnormalities (including chromosomal), infectious or immune damage to the ovaries, adrenal tumors, pathologies of the pituitary-hypothalamic system. Depending on the characteristics of hormonal imbalance, there are four groups of primary amenorrhea:
1. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.
2. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
3. Eugonadotropic hypogonadism.
4. Hyperandrogenemia.

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (increased levels of pituitary stimulating hormones with decreased levels of ovarian hormones) indicates ovarian pathology, which may be the result of primary agenesis (underdevelopment) of the ovaries or Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome. This is a chromosomal pathology in which the set of chromosomes (karyotype) is missing one sex chromosome (karyotype X0).

With hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, there is an increase in the secretion of gonadotropins FSH (the level of follicle-stimulating hormone is especially increased in Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome) and LH (luteinizing hormone). Stimulation test with hCG ( human chorionic gonadotropin) is negative.

To verify Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, it is necessary to conduct a karyotype study. In addition, it is recommended to do hormonal tests that determine the level of testosterone (male sex hormone) and cortisol (adrenal cortex hormone) in the blood.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (simultaneous decrease in the level of stimulating hormones of the pituitary gland and ovarian hormones) indicates damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary system. To determine the level of damage, a stimulation test with GnRH (gonadotropic-releasing hormone) is performed. If in response to stimulation the level of the hormone in the blood increases, then we can conclude that the cause of the pathology lies in the insufficient release of releasing factors by the cells of the hypothalamus. If the stimulation test is negative, then the cause of ovarian hypofunction is pathology of the pituitary gland.

Eugonadotropic hypogonadism (reduced level of ovarian hormones with normal concentration of gonadotropins in the blood). Occurs with anatomical defects, testicular feminization syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome.

With anatomical defects leading to amenorrhea, the hormonal status is usually normal.

Thus, with the onset of placental insufficiency, the level of hCG and progesterone decreases, and with the development of chronic placental insufficiency, when fetal suffering is pronounced, the level of estrogen also decreases.

During a frozen pregnancy, there is a sharp decrease in the concentration of hCG and estrogen (100% below the average norm).

An increase in hCG levels is also a very important sign that may indicate multiple pregnancy or incorrect determination of gestational age. In addition, the level of hCG increases in pathological conditions such as early and late toxicosis of pregnancy, maternal diabetes, multiple fetal malformations, and Down syndrome.

Fetal malformations may also be indicated by a reduced level of estradiol, which is observed with anencephaly, intrauterine infection, fetal adrenal hypoplasia, and Down syndrome.

Hormonal blood tests for thyroid pathology

The thyroid gland is an internal secretion organ that produces iodine-containing hormones that regulate basal metabolism (maintaining the energy constancy of the internal environment). So, with an excess of thyroid hormones, all metabolic processes accelerate, which leads to their mismatch, and with a deficiency, metabolic processes slow down, which negatively affects the activity of organs and tissues.

Because thyroid hormones are necessary for normal functioning of all cells of the body without exception, organ diseases have systemic manifestations (central nervous activity suffers, vegetative-vascular reactions are disrupted, degenerative processes occur in the myocardium, and the coordinated activity of the entire endocrine system of the body is disrupted).

Hormonal tests for suspected thyroid pathology

Exist characteristic features hyperthyroidism:

• a sharp decrease in body weight;
• exophthalmos (bulging eyes);
• goiter (severe enlargement of the gland).

The signs of hypothyroidism can be called opposite:

• bradycardia;
• myxedema (mucoedema);
• endophthalmos (sunk eyes);
• hypothermia.

However characteristic symptoms not always expressed. Meanwhile, dysfunction of the thyroid gland can lead to many serious pathologies, so a study of hormonal levels using blood tests for thyroid hormones is mandatory if the following symptoms are present:

• amenorrhea;
• infertility;
• depression;
• cardiac arrhythmias;
• delayed mental and physical development in children.

To determine the condition of the thyroid gland, hormonal blood tests are taken to determine thyroid-stimulating hormone, which stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, and at the same time the concentration of the main hormones secreted by the gland is examined (total triiodothyronine, free triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, free thyroxine).

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones.

The production of TSH is characterized by pronounced daily fluctuations with a maximum at 2-4 a.m. and a minimum at 17-18 p.m. This rhythm gets lost during night vigils.

The concentration of TSH physiologically increases during pregnancy and with age (in the latter case - slightly).

The production of TSH is inhibited by thyroid hormones, therefore, when the level of fractions of its hormones increases, the concentration of TSH decreases, and when the gland is hypofunction, it increases.

Fractions of hormones synthesized by the thyroid gland

Fractions of the hormones of this gland are formed under the influence of TSH, and stimulate the basal metabolism and absorption of oxygen by the cells of the body.

All fractions are subject to seasonal and diurnal rhythms. A physiological decrease in the level of thyroid hormones is observed after the age of 65, an increase during pregnancy, as well as with a rapid increase in body weight.

An increase in the level of thyroid hormone fractions may indicate its hyperfunction, or the presence of other diseases (hepatitis, nephrotic syndrome, HIV infection, increased estrogen levels).

In addition to hypothyroidism, a decrease in thyroid hormone levels is observed in the following cases:

• low protein diet or fasting;
• adrenal insufficiency;
• severe general exhaustion of the body;
• chronic liver diseases.

General thyroxine
Total thyroxine (T4 total) is the main iodine-containing hormone of the thyroid gland (the gland produces 93% thyroxine and only 7% triiodothyronine).

The concentration of total T4 has pronounced daily fluctuations with a maximum occurring between 8 and 12 o'clock in the afternoon, and a minimum between 23 and 3 o'clock at night.

Free thyroxine
Free thyroxine (free T4) is the fraction of T4 not bound to proteins. In women, the concentration of free thyroxine is lower than in men and increases during pregnancy, reaching a maximum in the last trimester.

Triiodothyronine total
Total triiodothyronine (T3 total) is formed in the thyroid gland from T4, and has the same effect, but is 4-5 times more active than its predecessor. This hormone is characterized by seasonal fluctuations: its maximum level is found in the blood from September to February, the minimum in summer.

Free triiodothyronine
The concentration of free triiodothyronine (T3 free) is the fraction of triiodothyronine in the blood that is not bound to proteins. The level of free T3 physiologically decreases in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Hormones of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms indicating cortical pathology
adrenal glands

Biological action of adrenal hormones

The adrenal cortex produces several dozen different hormones, which can be divided into three groups:
1. Glucocorticoids.
2. Mineralocorticoids.
3. Adrenal androgens.

Glucocorticoids are the most important hormones of the adrenal cortex and, as the name implies, regulate glucose metabolism, having an effect opposite to insulin. They help increase blood glucose levels, causing its synthesis and reducing its uptake by peripheral tissues. So, with an increase in the concentration of glucocorticoids, so-called steroid diabetes develops.

In addition, glucocorticoids are involved in protecting the body from stress and shock and have a powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect.

Mineralocorticoids regulate water-salt metabolism, helping to maintain blood pressure and preserve water, sodium and chlorine in the body. With an increase in the concentration of mineralocorticoids in the body, hypertension and edema syndrome develop.

Adrenal androgens are secreted in small quantities, so their effect becomes noticeable only in the case of pathology (masculinization of women with tumors of the adrenal cortex, etc.).

All hormones of the adrenal cortex are secreted under the influence of the hormone of the anterior pituitary gland - ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). In this case, regulation occurs according to the feedback type: with a decrease in the production of hormones from the adrenal cortex, the secretion of ACTH increases - and vice versa.

Clinical manifestations of hormonal imbalance requiring analysis
level of adrenal hormones in the blood

Hypoproduction of adrenal hormones is called Addison's disease . This is a fairly rare disease that has the following symptoms:

• increasing muscle weakness, constant feeling of fatigue;
• decreased blood pressure with increased heart rate;
• irritability, tendency to depression, anxiety;
• loss of appetite and weight, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain;
• education dark spots on open areas skin;
• craving for salty foods, constant thirst;
• excess urine in the presence of symptoms of dehydration.

Overproduction of adrenal hormones is manifested by Itsenko-Cushing syndrome. Unlike Addison's disease, this syndrome occurs relatively often in tumors that produce adrenocorticotropic hormone. These tumors can develop both directly in the pituitary gland and in other organs (gonads, bronchi, etc.).

Less commonly, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome develops with hyperplastic processes of the adrenal cortex, as well as with long-term treatment with glucocorticoid medications, and has very characteristic symptoms:
alcoholism, some neuropsychiatric diseases, sometimes during pregnancy. In such cases they talk about Pseudo-Cushing syndrome, or functional hypercortisolism.

We take hormonal tests if we suspect cortical pathology
adrenal glands

Adrenocotricotropic hormone (ACTH)

Adrenocotricotropic hormone (ACTH) is a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the production of hormones from the adrenal cortex.

Increased levels occur with primary adrenal insufficiency, as well as with tumors that produce ACTH.

A decrease in the level of ACTH is observed with insufficiency of its production by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, as well as with hormone-producing tumors of the adrenal cortex (inhibition of synthesis according to the feedback principle).

Cortisol

The main glucocorticoid of the adrenal cortex, which is characterized by a pronounced circadian rhythm with a maximum in the morning (6-8), and a minimum in the evening (20-22).

It should be remembered that during pregnancy there is a physiological increase in the concentration of cortisol levels in the blood.

Aldosterone

The main mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex. A hormonal test for aldosterone is mandatory for high blood pressure, and during the diagnosis of renal failure, as well as to monitor treatment in patients with heart failure.

A physiological increase in aldosterone levels is observed during pregnancy, a salt-free diet, and increased water and physical activity.

Hormones are a very important component for the normal functioning of the body. They are responsible for various human emotions and directly affect the condition of the skin, weight, height, and energy balance. It is with their help that children are born to a person. Hormones are active substances produced by the internal secretion gland and non-glandular tissues. They maintain the condition of the body and regulate the functioning of many systems. Many of them act on all body systems, while others act only on some organs. What is hormonal balance, about the symptoms and diagnosis of hormone deficiency, read on.

Peculiarities

In humans, there are endocrine glands (related to internal secretion and do not have an excretory duct), as well as exocrine glands (with an excretory duct). Most of the glands are endocrine, so they do not have excretory sites. They produce hormones that enter the blood ducts. These substances spread throughout the human body along with the bloodstream, reaching those organs and systems for which they are intended.

At the end of its mission, the hormone can complete its functions inside the cell, go to the liver, leave the human body, or be used again, but for the reproduction of new hormones. Many of them, which have managed to fulfill their functions in the body, are simply broken down.

Main producing organs

The main organs of the endocrine system include the following:

1. Pituitary gland, pineal gland and hypothalamus. Under the influence of components formed in the hypothalamus, hormones important for the functioning of other endocrine glands are reproduced.
2. Thyroid, pancreas, thymus, and adrenal glands. Thymus hormones directly affect the development and formation of lymphocytes. The thyroid gland is responsible for the synthesis of hormones that directly affect the rate of metabolic processes in the body. The pancreas helps synthesize insulin, and the adrenal glands are activated in the human body a large number of reactions.
3. Placenta, ovaries and testicles. The ovaries in a woman and the testes in a man are responsible for the production of sex hormones, which directly affect a person’s sexual life and the health of the reproductive system.

Reasons for changes

The main reasons that lead to a failure in the production of hormones in the body include:

1. Severe stress, nervous tension, emotional outbursts. Cortisol is a stress hormone that leads to hormonal problems.
2. Strict diets and dietary restrictions. To improve hormonal levels in this case, you need to normalize your diet and add more fatty foods to the menu. Estrogens are usually produced in adipose tissue.
3. Night work. Insufficient sleep and regular flights to different time zones can lead to problems with the hormonal system.
4. Uncontrolled use of hormonal drugs also has a negative effect on health (contraceptives for a woman should be selected exclusively by a doctor).
5. Taking excessive amounts of phytohormones. Some foods contain components that cause problems in the balance of hormones. For example, beer can lead to the growth of the abdomen and chest in men, as well as masculinization in women (strong hair growth, reduction in the size of the hips, broad shoulders).

Additional reasons

Additional reasons for changes in hormonal levels include:

The main symptoms of problems in the body

Any changes in the hormonal system can provoke a large number of ailments in a person. This can be either rapid weight loss or a gain of extra pounds, as well as temporary loss of hair from some areas of the body, or its active growth.

In the most dangerous situations, a person develops infertility. Many diseases in a woman will directly depend on the amount of certain hormones in the body. It is important to determine which hormone tests you need to take and why.

The most common symptoms that most patients experience include:

• a sharp increase or decrease in body weight that is not associated with a change in diet;
• problems conceiving a child;
• a large amount of body hair;
• multiple rashes on the face;
• sudden changes in mood, feelings of depression and fatigue;
• problems with the onset of menstruation;
• severe discomfort and unpleasant symptoms during menstrual periods.

Other symptoms

To more danger signs problems with hormone production include:

• problems sleeping, insomnia;
• fatigue, general malaise;
• diabetes;
• sudden causeless hair loss;
• decrease or, conversely, increase in voice timbre;
• rapid development of the hands.

Facial rashes in the form of acne are the most common symptom of hormonal problems in humans. Most often, in girls or women during such rashes, the amount of androgens in the body increases significantly. In some cases, it happens in men that the amount of their hormones is normal, but due to too much sensitivity, the hormones manifest themselves in such a way that their amount seems to exceed the acceptable level.

In girls, problems with the production of hormones in adolescence can provoke underdevelopment of the uterus and mammary glands, as well as the absence of normal menstruation. Experts have not yet been able to fully study the mode of operation of the hormonal system, but the main reasons for this condition have long been known.

Checking the level and quantity

How to check a woman's hormonal levels? If there are symptoms indicating problems with hormonal levels, the doctor will prescribe a blood test from a vein, which helps to identify the amount of thyroid and pancreatic hormones, sex hormones and the pituitary gland. How can you check a woman's hormonal levels? The blood is donated to a diagnostic laboratory. It is important to remember that each laboratory has its own methods for deciphering indicators.

How to check a woman’s hormonal levels and which doctor does this? Different specialists estimate the amount of hormones in a woman’s body, based on certain standards for interpreting the results. This could be an endocrinologist, gynecologist or therapist.

Carrying a child

How to check hormone levels in women? The patient is not always prescribed tests to determine the amount of hormones. But if there are still unpleasant symptoms, then determining the amount of hormones is very important.

If a pregnant woman has problems with hormonal levels, then it is important for her to get her blood tested, since in this case there is a high risk of miscarriage or frozen pregnancy.

How to check a woman's hormonal levels? What test should I take? Most often, a blood test is taken for testing, sometimes additionally urine.

So, we take hormonal tests. The rules and conclusions about this survey will be presented below. Before taking tests, it is best to follow the following recommendations:

• the day before delivery, it is important to eliminate fatty and fried foods, as well as alcoholic beverages from the menu;
• It is better to take the test in the morning, on an empty stomach;
• try to avoid stress;
• do not engage in sports for a long time;
• stop taking medications, if possible (tell your doctor in advance);
• It is prohibited to take tests after X-rays and physiotherapy;
• Ask your doctor about which day of your cycle you need to take a specific test.

List of examinations

What hormones should I take to determine my hormonal levels? Most often, the study is prescribed if there are problems with the thyroid gland, as well as with diseases of the female and male reproductive system.

What tests are done for hormones? The list is below:

1. It is responsible for the process of ovulation in a woman and the production of estrogen. Women take the test on a specific day of menstruation early in the morning and on an empty stomach.
2. Luteinizing hormone also affects the process of ovulation and the reproduction of the egg and corpus luteum in a woman. Taken on days 3-8 of the menstrual cycle, on an empty stomach.
3. Prolactin is a hormone that is very important for ovulation and normal lactation in a woman after giving birth. You should take a prolactin test in the first or second phase of your cycle. Before the analysis, any sexual contact is prohibited.
4. Estradiol. Helps a woman’s uterus prepare normally for the process of bearing a child. The hormone affects the menstrual cycle and the developing egg. The test is taken any day, on an empty stomach.
5. Progesterone. This hormone helps prepare the uterus for bearing a fetus. Available for rent on days 19-21 of the cycle.
6. Testosterone is a male sex hormone that is also important for women. A high amount of the hormone in a woman’s body can cause a miscarriage when conceiving a child.
7. Thyroid hormones: total thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and free triiodothyronine. Hormones help improve metabolic processes and affect tissue oxygen consumption. Before taking the test, it is forbidden to eat or even drink. Before taking the test, it is important to rest well and recuperate.

Normalization of condition

How to normalize a woman's hormonal levels? We'll talk about the methods below. If the tests show any malfunctions, the doctor prescribes treatment with synthetic hormones. A woman’s hormonal levels begin to improve after taking properly selected COCs and contraceptives. Only this will help to effectively restore a woman’s reproductive system.

Problems with hormones can be a cause or a result of a disease. If a woman feels that not everything is fine with her body, then she should definitely seek help from a doctor (gynecologist or endocrinologist). It is he who will help you choose a diagnostic method and create an effective treatment.

Use of folk remedies

The main thing when traditional treatment taking phytohormones is considered. For this purpose, special herbs are used that help restore a woman’s hormonal levels.

The following recipes are considered the most effective:

1. Wormwood is brewed in boiling water and infused for 15 minutes, then filtered. The product is taken from the 1st to the 5th day of menstruation.
2. Sage is first brewed and then filtered. Drink the herbal tincture three times a day, half a glass. You need to start taking it from 6 to 15 days of the cycle.
3. Take the cuff, meadow lumbago or goose cinquefoil and pour boiling water over it. Infuse the herb. Start taking it from days 16 to 25 of the cycle.

Before trying to improve her hormonal levels, a woman must definitely determine which hormone she has problems with. The reason may be much more serious than it seems at first glance. In some cases, restoring hormonal balance does not produce any positive effect, and the condition continues to worsen. To improve your reproductive system, you should also take a closer look at your diet. Food, when taken correctly, will help restore hormone levels in the body, improve metabolism and the overall well-being of a woman. After completing the course of treatment, it is important to re-take tests for verification.