How to make a second floor in a wooden bathhouse. Staircase for a bathhouse: types of structures, entrance, interfloor, calculations and installation with your own hands

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Buildings with several floors must be equipped with stairs. They make it easy to move between floors. The most important criterion when choosing a ladder is its safety. There are three main types of stairs. They can be made of metal, wood or stone. The staircase to the second floor can be spiral, marching or combined. The appearance of the staircase also has great importance, since the staircase can become the main piece of the interior, or it can harmoniously complement it.

Every house or apartment with high walls and ceilings should have a temporary staircase, which will allow you to carry out the necessary repair work under the ceiling or window at any convenient time. For such cases, a stepladder is suitable. Staircase options come in a wide variety.

A universal transformable ladder can be double-sided, an extension ladder, a ladder with a working platform, or a U-shaped one.

Specially designed connections will allow you to change the shape of the stairs. They allow you to transform the staircase in a way that is convenient for the master, since connections can be installed in any order. Automatic latching of sections ensures easy and safe assembly.

Features of the transforming staircase:

Can be used in industrial and residential areas.
Ladders can be installed on surfaces with different levels, which allows you to complete difficult tasks. For example, they can be placed on flights, as well as on the flights between stairs.
The aluminum ladder is thin and lightweight, which makes it transportable. It takes up little space and is convenient for transportation. An opening, balcony, pantry or trunk is suitable for storing it. The ladder can also be stored in the garage.
The 3x12 stepladder provides reliability and ease of use.
It has a tilting hatch and a third tier, which makes work more convenient.

The ladder can be used for various specific jobs, which allows it to be used for repair work in the house, country house or industrial premises. Any closed area sooner or later it needs repair or restoration. When purchasing a stepladder, it is important to pay attention to the OKPD code. Buy different kinds stepladders are available in the Ikea chain of stores.

Criteria for choosing a staircase to the second floor

A multi-storey building requires the installation of stairs. It is not only a connecting element between floors, but also allows you to give the interior a certain charm and attractiveness. Today, designers offer examples of safe design stairs that allow you to realize specific ideas.

It is important that the ladder meets the requirements of GOST and SNiP, since safety and ergonomics must be considered first.

The size of the staircase structure will depend on how many square meters there are per room. There are three main types of stairs: spiral, marching and prefabricated or combined. Selection criteria will vary depending on the type of room, the functionality of the staircase, as well as material costs. The latter depend on the possibility of buying a premium or economy class ladder.

Criteria for choosing stairs:

Location of the stairs. The most popular places for installing stairs are the center of the room and the area in the corner.
Location of the structure. And also the number of meters allocated for it.
Design safety. It is important to take into account the presence of small children and elderly people, as well as people with disabilities, in the house.
Wall thickness. The method of fastening the elements will depend on this.
Style in the interior. The materials and design of the staircase can complement the interior or become its center.

A rough diagram will allow you to imagine the location of the staircase and its combination with internal space. It is important to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the design before installing it directly. It is important to remember that first of all it must be safe.

Marching staircase to the second floor

Modern homes need not only safe, but also beautiful stairs, which will give the home cozy atmosphere. Interior stairs allow you to combine several spaces, while creating one completely new one. The dimensions of the staircase will depend on the type of room and its size.

The staircase to the second floor can be placed in the apartment, country house and even in garden house. But the types and sizes of stairs will differ significantly.

The most popular types of stairs are marching and screw designs. Marching ones win in popularity and safety of use. In turn, marching stairs have subspecies.

Types of marching stairs:

On the stringers. They are safe to use. Manufacturers present big choice laconic designs, sizes and decor options. Stairs can have risers or can be installed without them. There are straight, broken and screw stringers.
On the bowstrings. Have a sophisticated appearance. The steps in this type of staircase are attached directly to the support beam from the inside. The design will look harmonious in a hall designed in a classic style.
On the Bolts. Often structures are made of metal. They are strong and durable. At the same time, they have a beautiful appearance and fit laconically into the interior. The ladder is easy to install to the wall, ceiling and floor.

A room in which suspended staircase structures are installed looks very unusual and light. But a folding ladder is perfect for a room leading to the attic. The choice of the type of staircase and its style generally depends on the type and purpose of the room.

Wooden staircase for a house to the second floor

Arranging a house with several floors cannot be done without installing a staircase. IN timber house Wooden stairs are usually installed, characterized by their simplicity of design. IN wooden house With small area staircase structures are usually installed along the wall.

Before placing the staircase, it is important to draw sketches of its future location, and also ensure that the door and other interior items do not interfere with a convenient approach and movement along the stairs.

If making the stairs yourself, it is important to pay attention to the choice of material. It must be high-quality, durable, made of hard wood. Before assembling the structure, it is important to treat each of its elements with a special material that will protect the wood from external sources influences: moisture, air, temperature changes and insects.

Advantages of a wooden staircase:

Durability;
Reliability;
Conciseness;
Simplicity.

Decoration of a multi-storey timber house can't do without installing a ladder. You can make the design yourself, or you can buy a ready-made one. Before purchasing, it is important to decide on the type of staircase: marching or spiral. For clarity, you can study photographs of stairs different types in the interior.

Spiral staircase in an apartment to the second floor

The production of staircase structures today surprises with the variety of materials, designs and prices. The selection parameters depend, first of all, on the purpose of the staircase and placement in a room with a certain area. Spiral staircases are light, airy structures that will add elegance to the interior.

The screw lifting design is distinguished by its compactness, which allows you to save maximum free space.

Spiral staircases can be round, triangular, square or even octagonal in shape. The structure of the stairs poses a certain danger, so it is necessary to climb it with great care. But original design allows you to make the interior unique. These stairs look great in a bay window.

Materials for spiral staircases:

Tree. One of the most common materials. It is durable, reliable, and inspires confidence. Suitable for many interior styles.
Metal. Provides ample opportunities for design. It goes well with wood and fits into any interior.
Stone. The design is heavy, which makes its installation easier. Natural stone They are used only for decoration, but the main structure is cast from concrete.

Staircases made of glass are becoming increasingly popular. In the interior they look incredibly airy. When installing and using them, it is important to take precautions, since the ladder is quite dangerous.

The best stairs to the second floor

It is very important that the stairs are comfortable. Of course, the main criterion for choosing a ladder remains its safety. The safest are the flight-type stairs. But this limits the choice of designs and impoverishes the interior.

Combined designs that combine elements of marching and spiral staircases are widely popular.

Modular staircases allow you to create a unique, original and extremely safe staircase design. The rising modular staircase gives the impression of weightlessness and extraordinary lightness. Examples of “introducing” them into interiors different style can be viewed on the Internet.

Features of modular designs:

Variability;
Reliability;
Easy to install;
Economical.

Modular staircase – optimal design for installation in rooms with a small area. It is important to follow the rules for installing stairs. It should have an inclination of the required number of degrees. Prefabricated structures such as LS 1200 and others can be purchased in construction supermarkets and online.

Safe stairs to the second floor in the bathhouse

A bathhouse is a room with a fairly limited space. Every meter is important in a bathhouse, so it is extremely important to pay attention to how much space the stairs take up. It is optimal to place a ladder in it that will not take up much space and at the same time be safe.

The universal wooden structure will ensure safe movement and allow you to choose convenient option designs: with straight or curved marches.

It is important to determine the location before building the bathhouse. It is important that the ladder is not located in the opening. In the bathhouse you need a staircase that will allow you to move around the floors as freely as possible.

Important criteria for selection:

Safety;
Reliability;
Space saving.

You should also take care of the external steps to the bathhouse. It is better to install them under a canopy. This could be a brick staircase or paving stones. All types of stairs must be comfortable and safe.

Closed staircase to the second floor

Closed stairs are considered safer. It is especially good to install them in a residential apartment with children and the elderly. The location of the stairs depends on the type of home and the area of the room.

Open staircases, unlike closed ones, do not require risers.

Closed stairs are often installed in the central part of the room, as they have a beautiful appearance. When installing a staircase, it is important to correctly determine the level of its inclination. If there is little space in the room, then it is advisable to place the staircase in the corner.

Advantages of a closed design:

Safety;
Reliability;
Variability;
Compactness;
Conciseness.

The combined design, which has a 180-degree turn, looks interesting. It is reliable and at the same time saves space. Building a house is a serious matter. Especially if it is a house with several floors, which requires a responsible approach to choosing stairs.

Stairs to the second floor (video)

Build multi-storey building– a rather difficult task if approached independently. It requires verified calculations, purchases quality materials and responsible implementation construction work. If we are building a house with two or more floors, we should choose the type of staircase in advance and think about its location and installation method. A multi-storey building requires a safe connection between floors, which can be provided by staircases of marching, spiral and combined types.

Any interfloor staircase in a house is a compromise between safety, convenience and space saving. Even in a fairly spacious room this is not easy, and finding a place for a ladder in a bathhouse is much more difficult. The rooms are usually small, which means you have to solve a problem with a lot of unknowns. Therefore, the stairs in the bathhouse require a balanced approach.

1 Entrance staircase to the bathhouse
- 1.1 Foundations for entrance stairs to the bathhouse
2 Stairs in the bathhouse to the second floor
3 Types of wooden stairs
4 A little about steps, sizes and terms
5 How to calculate the stairs to the bathhouse
6 How to make a ladder in a bathhouse yourself

Entrance staircase to the bathhouse

Typically, several steps are required and there are no strict restrictions due to lack of space. Therefore, we can do as GOST advises:

Since baths are most often built of wood, stairs are usually made of the same material. You need to choose species that are resistant to climatic influences. Larch is best; pine will work well. Be sure to treat all components with antifungal and protective impregnations (for example, “Senezh”).

Foundations for entrance stairs to the bathhouse

The foundation for stairs is usually made of piles or columns. The fastest and cheapest to manufacture is a pile made from bored piles. Even faster, but more expensive to install screw piles, but their cost is higher. All work on the construction of the underground part of the porch occurs after the foundation of the building has been established.

If the soil is heaving (clay or loam), the piles should be buried below the freezing level of the soil. It is advisable to make an expansion in the lower part (TISE piles), then there will be a guarantee that the porch will not be pushed out during winter heaving.

Entrance staircase to the bathhouse pile foundation deep

If necessary, the entrance staircase can be made shallow. Then they use columns rather than piles. Their depth is at least 40 cm below the fertile layer. But then during heaving the stairs will rise. To prevent it from blocking the doors, you will need a high threshold.

If you don’t want to make a threshold, you can make the upper platform attached to the wall of the house. To do this, during construction, beams are laid on which the upper platform will be assembled.

Shallow entrance wooden staircase (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

In this case, a transverse support for a stringer or bowstring is nailed to the beams mounted in the wall. The same beam is made on “bulls” - shallow support posts. In this case, it turns out that the stairs can be skewed, but the upper platform will remain in place.

Stairs in the bathhouse to the second floor

If the second floor of the bathhouse is used seasonally - no one will live there in winter, it makes sense to move the lift out of the room - to the veranda or an extension. This way, firstly, you will save space in the bathhouse itself, and secondly, you will not have to cool through the hatch to the second floor of the room.

Planning an "L"-shaped staircase

If the second floor will also be used in cold weather, you will have to fit in the structure. In this case, you will have to consider many factors:

You need to position the staircase so that it not only fits well on the first floor, but also on the second, when you go up, you don’t rest your head on the sloping ceiling: often in bathhouses they don’t build a full second floor, but make an attic with the help of a sloping roof or kick it out, as they say, 1.5 floors, and then comes the roof.
It is advisable to make the exit on the second floor near one of the walls: this way it is “eaten up” less area. It is very inconvenient to have a hole in the middle of the room: organizing the space normally is problematic.
Select the parameters of the stairs so that it is both convenient and safe.

Types of wooden stairs

The staircase in the bathhouse to the second floor can have straight or curved flights. It will not be possible to calculate and build curved stairs on your own, without experience: it is too difficult. That’s why basically everything is done by straightforward people.

When choosing a model with straight flights, it is not necessary that there be one flight (these are single-flight stairs) - along the wall. You can design it in the form of the letter “G” or “P”. The straight sections are connected by platforms or winder - turning - steps.

Different types stairs to the second floor (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

Please note that marches can be closed or open. Closed flights have risers - parts that close the gap between two steps. A turn in the staircase can be made with a rectangular landing (the option on the far left in the picture) or with winder (triangular) steps (there are two options in the picture).

This is a staircase with a closed flight - with risers

In one place it is better not to make many winder steps, as in the picture in the center - you will have to climb “along the wall,” that is, where the steps are wider. The most optimal number of them is three to four. But it is not always possible to fit this option into the existing conditions and then you have to make a compromise.

U-shaped staircases to the second floor are usually poorly integrated into small spaces: when designing, shafts are specially left for them or space is provided. It is much easier in this regard with the placement of “L”-shaped ones.

L-shaped stairs It’s easier to fit into small rooms in the bathhouse. The marches here are open - there are no risers

The staircase in the bathhouse to the 2nd floor in the shape of the letter “L” can, as in the photo above, run along two walls, or it can adjoin only one of them.

A little about steps, sizes and terms

We have already talked about what winder steps are - they are triangular or trapezoidal in shape turning steps. But these are not all the terms. To calculate the stairs for the bathhouse yourself, you need to know some standards, terms and tolerances. With the height and width of the steps: this is already clear. But there is such a thing as a lifting step. This is essentially the height of the step, but must take into account the thickness of the material. Since the materials may be different, the lifting step may vary significantly.

The following step sizes are considered the best: width about 30 cm, step up 15-16 cm. But these are average figures. For people of average height with average long legs. And these parameters, as you know, are different for everyone. If you are planning for yourself, you can calculate based on what is most convenient for you and your family members.

The width of the step is determined by the length of the foot. It is more convenient when the entire foot rests on the step, and not just part of it.

It will be more convenient to rise and fall if the entire foot rests on the step

But this, unfortunately, is not always possible. If the reduction is insignificant and you will not have to use the stairs very often, as in a bathhouse, for example, then they go to reduce the width of the steps. If the bathhouse is residential, or used as a guest house, you can find a way out of the situation by making a “duck step” staircase. It is distinguished by steps of unequal width: on one side there is a cutout. In this case, you have to start the descent or ascent from a certain leg. Look at the photo of such a staircase and everything will become clear.

You can make a “goose step” staircase to the bathhouse. It has figured steps. You have to climb it with a certain foot in order to get to the wide part

When going up and down these steps, you are forced to change your gait. That's why this name arose. But at the same time, it allows you to make a very, very steep climb, and without any particular threat to safety.

When calculating, they do not use the height of the room, but the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second. To do this, add the thickness of the ceiling to the height of the ceiling and finishing materials floor of the second floor. This is the value needed in the calculation.

The number of steps is found simply: the found distance from floor to floor is divided by the recommended lifting step - 15-16 cm. The resulting figure is rounded (up or down, see for yourself). For example, the distance from floor to floor is 280 cm. Divide by 15 cm, we get 18.6, round up, we get that our staircase should have 19 steps.

Now let’s determine what the lifting step will be: divide 280 cm into 19 steps. The result will be 147 cm. Not enough. If there are no children or elderly people in the family, you can consider the option of installing 18 steps. In this case, the lifting height will be 155 cm. This value fits into the recommendations. This will be more comfortable for a person of average height.

Another point that requires checking: the size of the opening for the stairs on the second floor. To avoid hitting your head on the opening when descending, the distance from the step below to the opening must be 200 cm (minimum 190 cm).

To avoid hitting your head when descending, check the distance from the step to the edge of the cutout. This, by the way, is an example of a one-flight staircase. But there is a very steep ascent here, apparently neither small children nor elderly people go to the bathhouse

If the resulting height is less than 190 cm, there are two options: increase the size of the passage through the ceilings (make it longer). If this is not possible, increase the ascent step, making the stairs steeper. But it cannot be made larger than 210 mm. The solution is to increase the clearance a little and at the same time make the rise a little higher.

The finished parameters of the stage must be checked using the convenience formula. If you add the lifting step multiplied by 2 and the width of the step, the result should be in the range from 600 to 650 mm. So, if the lifting step is 155 mm and the step width is 300 mm, we get 155 mm * 2 + 300 mm = 610 mm. We're getting back to normal. If not, an adjustment is needed.

The minimum width of the stairs to the bathhouse is 80 cm, the optimal width is 100 cm. Plan somewhere in this area.

Don't forget that everything wooden surfaces It is advisable to treat it with protective impregnations in the bath. How and what, read here.

How to make a ladder in a bathhouse yourself

In addition to the parameters of the steps, you also need to decide how exactly to build the staircase itself. Wooden stairs are made on bowstrings or stringers. The string is the boards between which the steps are attached. They have smooth edges, and the steps are attached precisely between them, using corners and bars. Special grooves are also cut into them.

Methods for attaching steps to the strings of a ladder (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

The stringer is distinguished by the fact that it has a sawtooth profile. The steps are laid on the molded ledge.

How to make a stringer for the stairs to the bathhouse (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

It is easier to make a ladder on bowstrings: a much lower level of carpentry skill is required. This is especially true for mortise steps or when they are mounted on corners. The skills required here are generally minimal.

How to build a staircase to a bathhouse on a bowstring (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

How to build a staircase to a bathhouse on a bowstring: it all starts with installing a bowstring and support pillars, if any. support pillar- usually a square beam of at least 150*150 cm. Boards with a thickness of at least 4-5 cm are used for strings and steps. They are needed good quality without knots or cracks. Bowstrings are attached to the wall using long nails or wood screws.

Then steps are installed on the corners or support bars. If there finished project, it must have a complete layout of the dimensions of each step. If there is no project, difficult places You can first make patterns from cardboard, then outline them on wood and cut them out precisely. This will definitely be needed with winder steps(rotary). All others should be standard sizes.

If you still want to make a staircase on stringers, watch the video. Everything is told very sensibly.

Modern country or country houses They are rarely built as one-story buildings; they are mostly two-story, three-story, or one-story with attic floor buildings. In this case, there is always a need to somehow make possible high-quality movement between floors. A good solution would be to manufacture wooden stairs that could provide comfortable entry and carrying of heavy furniture or equipment. Let's say right away that this is not an easy matter. And if it is possible to order at least a project or even ready-made elements stairs from the manufacturer, it is better to do so. Well, if you are confident in your abilities, have carpentry skills and free time, you can try to make a staircase yourself. In this article, we will briefly talk about what types of stairs there are, how to perform calculations and how to make a staircase.

Elements of wooden stairs
Calculation of a wooden staircase
- Stair length
- Stringer length

Wooden staircase design

It is necessary to choose a staircase design based on the space that can be used, the convenience of location, configuration and lifting, as well as aesthetic considerations.

Conditionally everything wooden stairs can be divided into screw and march.

Spiral staircases are used quite rarely. Mainly in extreme conditions limited space. The second reason may be the owner’s wishes - for aesthetic reasons. It is worth noting that spiral staircases are not very functional. For example, it is extremely difficult to carry heavy furniture over it. In other words, it can only serve for the descent - the ascent of one person. To make it you will need to perform complex calculations, since it will rest on one pillar - a support. The slightest error in strength calculations can lead to dire consequences.

Marching stairs- the most common. They consist of flights, they are also called “flight of stairs”, i.e. directly the steps and platforms that separate the marches. There can be one or several marches. And there may be no platforms at all if the staircase is single-flight.

Marching stairs can have different design, you can see them in detail in the diagram below.

There are straight flight stairs. Moreover, they can be single-flight or double-flight, separated by a platform for ease of movement. Such stairs can be located against the wall or not rest on the wall at all. Characteristic feature Straight stairs are that they take up a lot of space.

Most often, to save space and ease of use, two-flights are made between floors inside the house. turning stairs. The rotation can be at a right angle (90°) or at any other angle, up to 180°.

The march can have a curved design with a convenient angle for entering the stairs. In this case, all steps can also be rotary.

Also, two-flight and three-flight stairs may not have platforms, but only turning steps.

In order to choose the right staircase design for a given situation, it is necessary to take measurements of the free space that can be used under the stairs, make small calculations and draw a drawing. The drawing should show how the staircase is positioned, whether its elements are in the way, and how comfortable it will be.

Elements of wooden stairs

The photo above shows the elements that make up the stairs and their names.

Kosour is a load-bearing beam that supports steps and risers from below. It bears all the loads.

Bowstring also performs a support-bearing function. At the same time, there are recesses in it into which the steps are inserted at the end. This design used on one side if the staircase is adjacent to a wall, and on both sides if the flight is sandwiched between two walls. The bowstring is less preferable than the stringer due to the fact that it is not able to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, even if the staircase is adjacent to the wall, they still try to do it on stringers.

steps for stairs - wooden beams, consist of a tread (horizontal) and a riser (vertical). We step on the surface of the tread with our feet. A riser is a vertical beam under a step that encloses the tread space and performs a supporting function. You can make stairs without risers, in which case the step space will be free, the foot will not rest, but the structure will be less strong and reliable.

The steps can be rectangular, radius for a beautiful approach to the stairs, rotary at a certain angle to replace the dividing platform, and winder - the first step of a non-standard shape.

Railing for stairs - wooden balusters and handrails. Their shape and size may vary. Basically, railings are made to order, in the shape that the customer desires.

If the staircase is more than one flight, its design includes support pillar or pillars at the turning points of the stairs.

Before you start making the stairs, you must make calculations and complete a drawing. Wooden drawings for stairs are made both independently and with the help of special architectural programs. In the latter you can also perform calculations. A good solution would be to contact companies specializing in wooden stairs. This way you can be confident in the quality and accuracy of the calculations.

Calculation of a wooden staircase

Number of steps and riser height

To determine the height of the stairs, measure the distance from the base of the finished floor of the first floor to the finished floor of the second floor. If the finished floor is not yet equipped, then its dimensions must be calculated “by eye”. Because the wooden staircase only goes to the finished floor. IN in this case Let us assume that the height from floor to ceiling is 250 cm, the thickness of the interfloor ceiling together with the floor is 35 cm. Total 285 cm.

We make calculations based on the height of the riser. The fact is that most often this size is standard and ranges from 15.2 to 19.7 cm. It is believed that this height is the most optimal for ease of use. Anything less will slow down your step. The big one is too heavy to climb and difficult to descend. From this interval we take the average value (you can take any) - 17 cm.

Number of steps = staircase height / riser height;

Since the number of steps cannot be uneven, we round up to big side — 17 pieces.

In this case, we have two ways. We can make the first winder step small, and the rest with a riser of 17 cm. Or we can recalculate and get a more accurate, but uneven result.

To do this, divide the height of the stairs by the number of steps: 285/17 = 16.76 cm.

So we can complete 17 identical steps with riser height 16.7 cm.

It is believed that the minimum tread width for convenience should be 22 cm, and the maximum 37 - 40 cm. If it is less, it will be difficult to descend; if it is more, the step will be lost.

For a more accurate calculation, there is a dependence:

2a + b = 64 cm;
a + b = 47 cm;

a — riser height;

b is the width of the tread.

Let's try the second formula: 47 cm - 16.7 cm = 30.3 cm. This width is quite acceptable, we can round it up to 30 cm.

For fun, let’s calculate using the second formula: 2a + 16.7 = 64; a = 23.65 cm. This width is too small, so we will use the data obtained from the previous formula.

Width of a wooden staircase

In principle, the width of the flight is not strictly regulated in any way, but the number of flights will depend on the space that can be used for the stairs.

It is believed that the minimum comfortable width of a flight of stairs is 80 cm. If the stairs are narrower, there will be difficulties with passage fat people or carrying furniture. Options from 100 to 140 cm will be successful.

In order for the entire staircase structure to look organic, you can use the following hint: the width of the march must be a multiple of the width of the tread. In our case, these are 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm and 160 cm.

Stair length

To calculate the length of the stairs, we only need two values, which we have already calculated: the width of the tread and the number of steps.

Stair length = tread width * number of steps(without the last one - this will be the floor of the second floor);

30 * 16 = 480 cm.

4 meters and 80 cm- quite a long length, which “eats up” a lot of space.

Therefore, if it is not possible to arrange such a staircase in one flight and straight, you will have to change the design and make it two flights with a rotation of 180 °. In this case, you can make a dividing platform, or you can make turning steps. It is most convenient to carry out such calculations in special programs; the location of the staircase elements will also be clearly visible there.

Clearance height above steps

An important parameter. The beginning of a flight of stairs almost always occurs at the ceiling, thus reducing the free space above the head of the person walking up the stairs.

Even at the stage of creating the drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height from the highest step located under the ceiling to the ceiling. The minimum permissible value that can ensure comfortable access to the stairs even by the most tall people, is 195 - 200 cm.

Stringer length

Calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

Length of ladder2 + height of ladder2 = length of stringer2;

4802+2852= stringer length2;

230400 + 81225 = stringer length2;

Stringer length = 558,23 cm. Take with a margin of 560 or 580 cm.

How to make a wooden staircase

The most simple solution will order from the company a design and finished elements of the staircase, with all the necessary cutouts. All elements will be numbered. After the disassembled stairs are delivered to the construction site, the wooden stairs are assembled according to the attached drawing and diagram. This way you don’t have to buy a special tool for pruning and create dust in the house.

We purchase material for wooden stairs

If you decide to do self-installation wooden stairs, start by purchasing building materials.

For bowstrings or stringers, a beam of 50*250 mm is required. Its minimum width can be 150 mm, if the staircase design allows.

For the risers, we purchase beams with a thickness of at least 25 mm; you can take even thicker ones.

For beam treads, it is better to take from 30 to 40 mm. Or you can use the same ones as for the steps.

We order handrails and balusters from the manufacturer or buy ready-made ones, since to make them yourself and beautifully, you need to have considerable experience, knowledge and skills.

Installing stringers or bowstrings

We cut the beam that we bought for the stringers at the top and bottom so that the required length of the stairs is obtained. Then we cut off another thickness of one tread from below, i.e. 5 cm.

Important! The fact is that when we calculated the number of treads, we did not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is really not important for the entire structure, except for the first step - its height does not increase by the thickness of the tread.

We cut off the excess. It is better to use a jigsaw or saw. But if you don't have it, you can use a hand saw.

Then we place the stringer in the place where the ladder will stand. Its upper edge should rest against the ceiling, and the lower edge should rest tightly against the floor of the first floor. We check the horizontality of the cuts for the steps.

Important! We need two such stringers, but depending on the loads that the staircase must withstand, there may be more stringers. In this case, we cut out all the rest, using the first one as a template.

We thoroughly sand all surfaces. If necessary, we mill the outer edges, making curves (for beauty).

The bottom and top of the stringers must be connected to each other by a beam. To do this, we cut them into quarters from the bottom and top. We fix it to a thick beam anchor bolts. If it is possible to secure the stringers to the walls, then we also use anchors.

If we use one string, then it must be cut to the required length. Then cut out holes inside using a cutter - recesses for the steps. The string is secured to the wall with anchors.

Important! Checking correct location bowstrings and stringers on the other hand, they should be located at the same level so that the steps do not have a slope.

Installing steps and risers

After the stringers are tightly secured, we begin to install the risers.

To do this, saw the beam into required amount risers of a certain length. We level them relative to each other and sand them.

We fasten it to the stringer with self-tapping screws from the front side. Then we will putty them or hide them under decorative elements. You can also use special glue.

When all the steps are installed, we proceed to the steps - treads.

To do this, we also cut the beam into the number of steps minus one. Then we sand their surface and mill the protruding outer edge with an angle.

Then we place them on top of the risers and secure them with self-tapping screws.

Important! If we use a string on one side, then we insert the step into the groove cut in the string, having previously coated the edge of the step and the hole in the string with glue.

We install the balusters on the steps and secure them with studs 100 mm long and 8 mm thick.

We install and secure the railings on top with self-tapping screws.

At this point the work is completed, all that remains is to paint the wooden stairs. To better preserve the wood, while preserving its natural beauty, you can use special transparent varnish coatings.

In this article, we looked at making a wooden single-flight straight staircase with our own hands. If the project involves a staircase of a different design, then the installation will be different. For example, for a two-flight staircase, the first step is to install and secure the platform and support pillar, and then stringers, risers and steps are installed. Some steps in this case may not be straight, but rotary and rounded.

If the bathhouse is designed with rooms on the second floor or if the building has an attic, steps will be needed to equip it. Considering the specifics of this room, choosing stairs for a bathhouse is not always easy.

Features of staircase structures for baths

When arranging a bathhouse, you should take into account the following aspects of the staircase design:

Dimensions;
Tilt angle;
Resistance of the material to high humidity;
Safety;
Style direction of the room.

First and the most important condition is the compactness of the steps. However, this should not interfere with compliance with safety regulations. According to the standards, the minimum width of the march should be 1 m, and the width of the feet should be at least 20 cm. As for the angle of inclination, an angle of 45º is considered optimal.

Staircase configurations may vary. A simple and reliable solution is a straight single-flight staircase. There are also more intricate options: a rotary flight with winder steps or a design with an intermediate platform. However, install in a bath spiral staircase, despite its originality and compactness, is not recommended.

To save space, a staircase with goose step steps is suitable. Due to the different widths of the treads, it becomes more compact.

It is important that the steps meet the style requirements of the building and do not stand out from the general style. It is better to install a flight of stairs made of wood in a bathhouse in a traditional style or made in the spirit of minimalism. As for metal structures, they will fit into high-tech or techno styles. For non-traditional Turkish baths, stone steps would be a harmonious solution.

Materials for flights of stairs

What material are the stairs in the bathhouse made of? We must not forget about high level humidity in this room. If we're talking about O wooden structure, it is worth paying attention to rocks that are resistant to rotting. Among them are larch, ash, wenge.

If the owners decided on metal steps, this would be most suitable stainless steel. It is not subject to corrosion and deformation, so it can be used in damp room. Owners of a Turkish bath will need a durable stone staircase. Materials include granite and fake diamond. When choosing the latter, it is recommended to combine it with a concrete base.

Additional stair structures

If there are shelves and an attic, additional structures may be needed. This applies to mini-ladders for high shelves. If such a wooden structure is present, it must be well processed so that there are no nicks left on the crossbars. At the same time, it should not be slippery to avoid injury. If the bathhouse has an attic, you can install a folding or retractable ladder.

How to equip a sauna in a bathhouse - video

Typically, several steps are required and there are no strict restrictions due to lack of space. Therefore, we can do as GOST advises:

Foundations for entrance stairs to the bathhouse

The foundation for stairs is usually made of piles or columns. The fastest and cheapest to manufacture is . Only screw piles are installed even faster, but more expensive, but their cost is higher. All work on the construction of the underground part of the porch occurs after the foundation of the building has been established.

Shallow entrance wooden staircase (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

Stairs in the bathhouse to the second floor

If the second floor of the bathhouse is used seasonally—no one will live there in winter—it makes sense to move the lift out of the room—to the veranda or an extension. This way, firstly, you will save space in the bathhouse itself, and secondly, you will not have to cool through the hatch to the second floor of the room.

Planning an "L"-shaped staircase

If the second floor will also be used in cold weather, you will have to fit in the structure. In this case, you will have to consider many factors:

You need to position the staircase so that it not only fits well on the first floor, but also on the second, when you go up, you don’t rest your head on the sloping ceiling: often in bathhouses they don’t build a full second floor, but make an attic with the help of a sloping roof or kick it out, as they say, 1.5 floors, and then comes the roof.
It is advisable to make the exit on the second floor near one of the walls: this way less space is “eaten up”. It is very inconvenient to have a hole in the middle of the room: organizing the space normally is problematic.
Select the parameters of the stairs so that it is both convenient and safe.

Types of wooden stairs

Different types of stairs to the second floor (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

This is a staircase with a closed flight - with risers

U-shaped staircases to the second floor are usually poorly built into small rooms: when designing, shafts are specially left for them or space is provided. It is much easier in this regard with the placement of “L”-shaped ones.

L-shaped stairs are easier to fit into small rooms in the bathhouse. The marches here are open - there are no risers

The staircase in the bathhouse to the 2nd floor in the shape of the letter “L” can, as in the photo above, run along two walls, or it can adjoin only one of them.

A little about steps, sizes and terms

We have already talked about what winder steps are - these are triangular or trapezoidal turning steps. But these are not all the terms. To calculate the stairs for the bathhouse yourself, you need to know some standards, terms and tolerances. With the height and width of the steps: this is already clear. But there is such a thing as a lifting step. This is essentially the height of the step, but must take into account the thickness of the material. Since the materials may be different, the lifting step may vary significantly.

The width of the step is determined by the length of the foot. It is more convenient when the entire foot rests on the step, and not just part of it.

You can make a “goose step” staircase to the bathhouse. It has figured steps. You have to climb it with a certain foot in order to get to the wide part

How to calculate the stairs to the bathhouse

When calculating, they do not use the height of the room, but the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second. To do this, the thickness of the ceiling and finishing materials of the second floor floor is added to the height of the ceiling. This is the value needed in the calculation.

The minimum width of the stairs to the bathhouse is 80 cm, the optimal width is 100 cm. Plan somewhere in this area.

Do not forget that it is advisable to treat all wooden surfaces in the bathhouse with protective impregnations. How and what, read.

How to make a ladder in a bathhouse yourself

Methods for attaching steps to the strings of a ladder (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

The stringer is distinguished by the fact that it has a sawtooth profile. The steps are laid on the molded ledge.

How to make a stringer for the stairs to the bathhouse (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

How to build a staircase to a bathhouse on a bowstring (to enlarge the image, click on the picture with the left mouse button)

How to build a staircase to a bathhouse on a bowstring: it all starts with installing a bowstring and support pillars, if any. The support pillar is usually a square beam of at least 150*150 cm. The bowstrings and steps are boarded with a thickness of at least 4-5 cm. They need to be of good quality without knots and cracks. Bowstrings are attached to the wall using long nails or wood screws.

Then steps are installed on the corners or support bars. If there is a ready-made project, it should have a complete layout of the dimensions of each step. If there is no project, in difficult places you can first make patterns from cardboard, then outline them on wood and cut them out accurately. This will definitely be needed with winder steps (rotary). All others should be standard sizes.

If you still want to make a staircase on stringers, watch the video. Everything is told very sensibly.

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