Sealing equipment in Russia. Soldering plastic pipes - devices and tools for joining. Sword-shaped heater

Polypropylene is increasingly used in installation internal water pipes and heating systems.

Let's figure out how the soldering works plastic pipes and what tools are needed for it.

Lyrical digression

In general, there are two main methods for connecting plastic pipes by diffuse welding (in Russian, soldering):

• Butt welding of pipes;

• Welding with fittings.

The first method inevitably means a loss of strength. With their relatively thin walls this is undesirable. Especially on hot water and heating.

The weld seam, although not much, is less durable compared to a monolithic pipe. To ensure that the connection is as strong as the pipe, the obvious solution is to increase its area.

This is what we see when using fittings for welding: the pipe is welded over an area much larger than at the end of the pipe.

Physical justification

Let's start with brief overview physical properties polypropylene.

What do we know about him?

• This is a relatively hard plastic, which, however, can be easily cut with a sharpened steel tool;
• It softens at a temperature of 140 C and melts at 175 C.

Advice: without exception, all manufacturers indicate a maximum operating temperature of 95 degrees for polypropylene.

Despite the fact that polypropylene is actually able to withstand slightly higher temperatures, this recommendation should not be neglected: we do not need accelerated degradation of pipes and connections.

To enter in a private house supply pipeline of the heating main, where the temperature in winter often exceeds a hundred, it is better to use galvanized or copper.

If so, all we need is:

• Cut off the edge of the pipe evenly with any available tool;
• Heat the pipe and fitting to melting temperature;
• Combine one with the other.

A special case

Except simple pipes from monolithic polypropylene, so-called reinforced pipes. What is reinforcement and why is it needed?

The fact is that polypropylene is impeccable as a material for cold water supply lines. But on hot water and heating it exhibits one unpleasant feature - a large coefficient thermal expansion. It is 0.15 mm/m °C.

This means that a ten-meter straight section of pipe, having heated up under the influence hot water from 20 degrees room temperature up to 90 C, it will become 0.15*70*10=105 millimeters longer. Ten extra centimeters is already a serious problem: a pipe assembled like an accordion at least looks ugly.

To solve this problem, and at the same time to make the pipe more durable with respect to internal pressure, reinforcement is used.

It uses two materials:

• Aluminium foil. A layer of aluminum with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm covers the outside of the polypropylene pipe or is glued between two layers of plastic;
• Fiberglass. In this case, between two layers of pure polypropylene there is a mixture of the same plastic and fiber - thin and short fiberglass fibers.

Advice: the second option is preferable, since such pipes do not delaminate under any circumstances.

In addition, let’s get ahead of things a little – fiberglass-reinforced pipes do not require stripping during installation.

Reinforcement makes it possible to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion by five times, to a completely acceptable 0.03 mm/m °C.

Required Tools

Minimum set

The minimum tool you will need for soldering plastic pipes is the following:

• Roulette;
• Pencil;
• Hacksaw for metal;
• Sharp knife;
• Special soldering iron for polypropylene.

As you can easily see, all the tools, except the last one, are found in almost every home. The exception is the actual soldering apparatus. polypropylene pipes, which is the simplest low-temperature one with a set of attachments.

It is sold in any construction tools store and costs from several hundred to three to four thousand rubles.

Optimal set

• Pipe cutter. Special scissors for plastic pipes leave a perfectly even cut without the slightest burr and at a strictly right angle. This tool reduces the time for preparing the end of the pipe several times.

• Stripping (or shaver). This tool is needed if the material for your water supply is aluminum-reinforced pipes.
  The foil must be cleaned at the welding site. For a pipe with internal reinforcement, a special stripper will be required that can remove the inner layer of foil inside the pipe.
• Measure and cut the required section of pipe. Don't forget to take into account those 14-25 millimeters that will remain inside the fitting.
  In the absence of special pipe cutters, you can use not only a hacksaw to cut a pipe - a hand turbine with any cutting stone will do.
• Bevel the outside of the pipe. This is necessary so that when you insert the pipe into the fitting, waves and burrs do not appear. They will dramatically reduce the strength of the connection and can lead to leaks.
• If you are using a pipe with aluminum reinforcement, strip it at the joint. For pipes with external reinforcement, as a last resort, you can use a simple sharp knife, but this will take a lot of time. And the surface will become quite uneven...

Technology

Preparation of pipes and tools

Shaver - another simple and cheap tool for polypropylene

• Select a nozzle that matches the diameter of the pipe and fitting, and plug in the machine for soldering plastic pipes into the network.
  If it has a temperature setting function, for polypropylene it would be most reasonable to choose a temperature of 280 degrees.

Tip: solder PVC pipes for sewerage is possible using the same soldering iron.

Of course, in the case of pipes it is not large diameter. The ends of the pipe are simply melted on a wide plate of the heating element, on which nozzles are mounted, and then butt welded.

Actually welding

• Place the pipe in the wide part of the nozzle for a few seconds, and put the fitting on its narrow side. Massive fittings take a little longer to warm up, so you can give it a little head start;
• Insert the pipe into the fitting and simply hold still for 10 seconds. Insert the pipe without turning, in a straight line, otherwise you will again get a wave and a weak connection;
• You can move on to the next connection.

Tool selection

If this is your first time assembling plastic water pipe or heating systems - some of the tools will have to be purchased.

Let us give you some advice.

• An expensive device for soldering polypropylene pipes differs from a cheap one in its manufacturer, configuration and power.
  The inside is the same spiral, the outside of the heating element and nozzles are the same Teflon. If you are not a militant esthete who only loves bright foreign stickers, you can take the cheapest one that is sold. a minimum power of 800 W for pipes of a reasonable diameter for a home is quite enough.

• This fully applies to shavers as well.. Expensive stripping uses high-quality tool steel for knives and differs from cheap steel in terms of resource - the knives still wear out mechanically.
  If your goal is water supply in own apartment and nothing more, you can stop at the cheapest stripping.
• The apparatus for soldering pipes is often equipped, in addition to nozzles, with scissors - a pipe cutter. Often the cost of a set is significantly lower than the cost of individual instruments.

Conclusion

Don't be afraid of pitfalls: modern materials, in fact, allow you to assemble complex engineering systems even to an amateur.

Entry-level tools will cost much less than the services of a qualified plumber. Believe in yourself and everything will work out.

How often have you faced the need to pack things for a trip, or store them at home? small items? We think that every day you feel the need to wrap something in film or a bag for storage. And if you are the owner manufacturing enterprise, then the problem of packaging manufactured goods probably worries you constantly. And in order to solve all these problems of yours and save you from unnecessary hassle, we suggest you look through the catalog, which presents sealing equipment for both household and industrial purposes. By using such equipment, you will be able to store all the things you need in order, and also pack the products you produce in a cheap and hygienic way.

Use of sealing equipment in everyday life

Modern housewives portable sealers are often used for children's lunches for schools and colleges, and they are also widely used for sealing bags with various small items, for example, buttons, leftover beads, in a word, with everything that can easily crumble or get lost around the apartment.

Product range

The catalog offers types of sealing equipment that can satisfy the needs of any buyer, regardless of whether he intends to use this or that device for domestic or industrial purposes.

Many product manufacturers have already appreciated the advantages of using sealing machines, such as:

• low cost of use;
• hygiene;
• ease of use of the equipment;
• high production capabilities of installations.

Thanks to polyethylene film is a very cheap packaging material, and also allows you to store products in sealed conditions; more and more industries are using polyethylene when packaging their products. It is applicable both in food and other industries. And in order for the packaging of products to be done perfectly, take a closer look at the hot tables and conveyor-type sealing machines presented in the catalog, with the possibility of both floor and table mounting.

Thanks to the great capabilities of the online store, the cost of the models of sealing equipment presented there is very affordable. You can verify this by simply looking through the catalog and comparing prices for the products you are interested in.

Who has ever soldered twists in distribution box at home, knows perfectly well what it’s like to stand on a stool and try to solder a connection at height with a soldering iron. Covering the entire floor with solder is half the trouble; the main thing here is not to get burned, since soldering is very inconvenient.
It is for such purposes that I recommend making a simple device with which you can quickly and very efficiently make soldered twists at height.

Will need

The design contains a minimum of parts. To build you need to take:

• Gas burner with gas cylinder.
• Stationery clip.
• Hairpin.
• Four nuts for the stud.
• Copper tip.

Making a quick soldering fixture

I show you a finished copy and tell you in words how to make it. It is not difficult to repeat it, so you will understand everything without difficulty.
Hairpins in stores are sold approximately one meter long, so you need to cut off a 15 cm long piece with a hacksaw.

Next, drill a hole in the center stationery clip according to the diameter of the stud.

Bend the pin at an angle of 90 degrees; it is convenient to use a vice for this. And screw a nut onto one end, put on a clamp and secure with another nut on top.
We also screw the nut, tip, nut onto the other end.

We put the device on the nozzle gas burner, already with an attached gas cylinder.

We light the burner and use the nuts to adjust the distance of the tip on the stud so that the flame optimally rests on the tip at a short distance. During operation, this distance can be adjusted by moving the clamp along the gas burner nozzle.

Soldering twisted wires

We take liquid flux. It can be LTI-120, alcohol-rosin, or any other active flux intended for soldering non-ferrous metals.

Dip the twist into it and hold for 1-2 seconds to better penetration liquid in the gap between the wires.

Next, wait for the tip to warm up and place a small amount of POS-61 type solder into it. I've soldered with a jig before, so I only need to wait until it warms up.

As soon as the solder begins to spread, we dip the twist into it and wait 1-2 seconds until the connection warms up and soldering occurs.

In the end it turned out like this:

As you can see, the edges of the wire braid have melted. And to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to hold the twist with pliers. They will serve as an excellent heat sink and this problem will not arise in the future.

In general, the soldering turned out to be of high quality and fast. So I recommend repeating this design and not suffer.

When finished, turn off the burner, but do not put the device down. It is necessary to place or hold the entire structure vertically for 10-15 minutes until the solder cools down. Otherwise it may spill.
Also be careful: the tip gets very hot - don't get burned.

To branch or conduct various water communications (heating systems, sewerage and water supply), it is necessary to use special technologies. Soldering plastic pipes can be done by specialists, but it is also easy to do it yourself.

Soldering tools

To connect individual parts of the water supply system to each other, it is necessary to use temperature-influenced technologies. Soldering or welding plastic pipes allows for the diffusion of plastic molecules, resulting in a strong and tight connection.

Photo – apparatus for soldering plastic communications

This work is carried out using special devices - welding inverter for plastic pipes or gun:

1. The welder is considered a more professional device and is mainly used by experienced plumbers. Its price is an order of magnitude higher than a standard household pistol;
2. The gun is a kind of soldering iron that can specifically influence individual parts of plastic or metal-plastic communications.

Welding machines can be classified by power. Nowadays, the most popular are universal models with 1500–1600 W ratings. They are convenient for household use, in addition, the kit also includes a set of attachments for working with various types pipelines.

Photo - soldering iron design

It should be noted that in addition to special devices you will also need additional tools. In particular, these are scissors for cutting plumbing parts. As well as a roller pipe cutter, which allows you to ensure the most even and smooth cut on the surface of communications.

Also, when working with metal-plastic or foil-reinforced pipes, you will need a cleaning tool - a grinder. It will straighten the cut edge, where often after trimming the desired area small irregularities remain. If you ignore this process, the connection may not be strong and tight enough, which will affect the operation of the entire sewer system.

If soldering of large diameter plastic pipes is required - from 110 mm, then an electric coupling is used. It fits onto the joint and heats the joint. In progress main role The centering of individual sections of communications plays a role, since it is almost impossible to control the process during welding. To work with such a device, a special centering machine is used, which allows you to level the cut surface in order to obtain the tightest possible seam. The power of the couplings is slightly different from the power welding machines and soldering guns, in most cases slightly higher values ​​are required - over 1500 Watts.

Cold soldering is also often used at home. The technology involves the use of an aggressive adhesive composition, which ensures the diffusion of plastic molecules without the use of heating elements. The main advantage of the method is its simplicity. Such welding is easy to perform even without experience, and the purchase of additional equipment is not required. But at the same time, such soldering is considered short-lived, i.e., these are more urgent measures than an option for permanently connecting pipes.

Photo - example of cold soldering of plastic communications

You can buy a tool for soldering plastic pipes in almost any plumbing store; on average, it costs from 800 rubles to several tens of thousands. For example, in Sevastopol the cost of WESTER DWM 1000B varies from 1800 to 2000 rubles. The price depends on the declared power of the device, the brand and its purpose.

Video: how to solder plastic pipes correctly

Soldering instructions

Do-it-yourself welding plastic pipelines is carried out when using a sewerage project and in accordance with GOSTs. For each material, soldering is carried out in accordance with a certain temperature; the table below will help you select the required values:

Diameter, mm	Heating, seconds	Welding, seconds	Cooling, seconds
16	6	4	3
20	6	4	4
25	7	4	4
32	9	4	4
40	12	5	4
50	17	5	5
63	23	5	5
75	30	7	7
90	38	7	8
110	48	9	10
160	80	14	14

Step-by-step instructions on how to solder plastic pipes for heating systems or connect water pipes:

1. On welding device you need to install special nozzles, for example, fittings for 25 mm pipes. Using the table, the heating time is determined; the temperature, according to the standards, is at around 260 degrees. This is the optimal parameter for soldering conventional plastic and reinforced pipes;
2. Afterwards, other plumbing tools are prepared. Before cutting, be sure to check that the cutter is sharp. For small diameters, it is recommended to make the cut not at a right angle, but at 45 degrees;

   
   Photo – soldering kit

3. Now you need to measure the size of the fitting on the pipe and take into account a gap of 1 mm. He must be present when joining. Mark it on the communication. This is very important, because the fitting cannot be pushed in all the way; after heating, the plastic will expand slightly;
4. A fitting must be placed on the preheated nozzle, then a pipe must be inserted into another hole in the connecting part. Next, the gun heats up and the nozzle warms up again along its entire length;

   
   Photo - heating elements

5. All that remains is to carefully remove the heated parts and connect them. The result will be a strong and sealed mount with a fitting;
6. The next stage of pipe soldering involves reheating the soldering iron, but only now a piece with a fitting is put on the nozzle, and a free part of the communication is inserted into another hole;
7. After heating, the operation is repeated: the parts are removed from the nozzle and connected.

When the work is completed, you need to wait the specified time to cool the connection; some craftsmen also use a hairdryer to speed up the process.

Photo – hair dryer for plastic

Sometimes heating iron cannot be used and requires the use of electric couplings. Their principle of operation is very similar to that described above, the main difference is that for such pipe soldering, the entire apparatus is heated, and not its individual nozzles.

Before starting welding, it is necessary to degrease the sections and also clean them of dust and dirt. To do this, wipe the fitting and coupling with alcohol on the inside, and the pipe on the outside. Soldering is done in the same way as mentioned earlier.

1. Don't be too high pressure when connecting a pipe to a fitting. After soldering, the plastic becomes more pliable, which is why wrinkles may appear inside the pipe if excessive pressure is applied;
2. Do not allow the fitting to move freely along the pipe;
3. Strictly monitor the heating time and temperature. If you exceed or, conversely, reduce these indicators, the fastening will turn out to be fragile;
4. When working at home with water or sewer pipes, leave a gap of no more than 1 mm at the fastening site, otherwise there will be leaks in this area.

Soldering is considered one of the most effective and reliable methods of joining materials. Previously, it was used for metals and their alloys, but soldering is also suitable for joining pieces of glass, plastic, and ceramics.

There are many types of soldering, each of them uses special soldering equipment, tools and devices.

The most commonly used tool for soldering work is a soldering iron. It’s hard to imagine workplace equipment without it. Soldering irons are used by amateurs and professionals. It all depends on the type of instrument.

Hammer

To connect large, massive parts, hammer soldering irons are used, so named because of their hammer-like shape. They are heated in ovens or braziers and, having great thermal inertia, remain heated for a long time.

Such equipment is used for soldering large parts.

Electric

The most traditional soldering method is with an electric soldering iron. It is designed very simply - a metal casing contains a heating element that heats the tip - a copper rod. It depends on the power of the heating element.

A professional electric soldering iron can be equipped with a voltage regulator. In this case, it is possible to adjust the temperature of the tip, which is very important during assembly and installation electronic circuits.

Induction equipment is of particular interest. Self-regulation of heating occurs; they use electricity economically.

They produce ultrasonic soldering equipment. The ultrasonic soldering iron is equipped with a generator that produces a high-frequency signal.

In addition to a soldering iron operating from a household network, the soldering station equipment may include a soldering tool powered by 12 or 24 volts. It is suitable for debugging the operation of electronic circuits and for mounting parts and components that may fail due to overheating.

Electric soldering irons can also be cordless, powered by AA batteries.

Gas

Gas soldering irons are very convenient to use; they are heated by the combustion of gas. Gas equipment is represented by a huge number of models, differing in size, ignition system, and the presence of a temperature controller.

Using gas soldering equipment, you can melt high-temperature hard solders. They produce posts for gas soldering copper pipes, which includes cylinders, reducers, platform and burner.

The disadvantages of electric or gas soldering irons are the inability to simultaneously heat a large area at low power. In this case, other types of equipment are used.

Infrared stations and hair dryers

Models of hot-air soldering equipment (hair dryers) are used mainly for dismantling and volumetric mounting of microcircuits on electronic device boards. Very often, a hair dryer is included in the package of a soldering station, which also consists of an electric soldering iron and a control unit.

The soldering station allows you to install and control the parameters of the tools included in it, providing high quality seam

Often, the equipment for a soldering station includes a table with the ability to heat parts or circuit boards from below.

This installation uses infrared heat sources - lamps, heating elements. Some designs of heating tables are equipped with brackets and stands, which allow you to secure the boards.

Infrared equipment has a similar effect to a soldering gun. It can also be used to provide heating of a large area without allowing contact with microcircuit elements.

Infrared soldering stations allow you to control soldering and ensure smooth cooling of the metal. This expensive equipment, which represents entire computing complexes with sets of sensors, processors and a whole list of auxiliary tools.

Tools and accessories

When manual soldering, it is not enough to have only soldering equipment. Without the necessary additional devices, it is sometimes impossible to solder anything, not just efficiently, but at all. Such devices include:

• blowtorch;
• tweezers;
• set of files;
• wire cutters;
• magnifying glass and tripod;
• clamps;
• stands.

One of necessary tools- these are tweezers. It serves to hold small parts in the position in which they need to be soldered.

In addition, often metal tweezers, clamping the leads, serve as a heat sink when soldering semiconductors or other temperature-sensitive objects.

Another tool often used when working is a needle file. You can use a flat file to remove carbon deposits before tinning it.

A round needle file with a sharp end can be used to carefully clean out the mounting holes on the board. Sometimes you have to strip the terminals of circuit components before mounting them in place.

To work with wires and cables you will need side cutters. With their help, wires are cut, the insulation is stripped, and sometimes excess solder is mechanically removed.

Screwdrivers may be needed to remove electronic components and circuit boards from electrical appliance housings. various types. And since some components can fail when exposed to even weak magnetic field, you will need a device for demagnetizing steel tools.

Very often you have to solder large parts. It is impossible to heat them with a soldering iron, even the most powerful one. In this case, the parts near the place of future soldering are heated with a blowtorch, and after that they are soldered with a soldering iron. Blowtorches Can run on gasoline, kerosene, gas. Some models run on alcohol.

To secure the parts together and on the table, it’s a good idea to have a set of metal clamps on hand. When using them, you can accurately orient the parts one relative to the other and maintain this position throughout the entire soldering and cooling time.

Useful soldering tool - supply. You can place a hot soldering iron on it without fear of fire. Such simple equipment is often made by hand.

To connect small parts, which very often happens when repairing jewelry, you will need a magnifying glass with large diameter glass mounted on a tripod.

For constant frequent soldering work, it is a good idea to install dust removal equipment in the room.

Industrial soldering

Heavy industry enterprises use completely different types of soldering equipment. Compound large parts and designs in industrial conditions happens in ovens.

In this case, the highest quality is achieved, since when using furnace equipment, you can constantly monitor the condition of the metal and maintain the required temperature and pressure. Metal is protected from oxidation by introducing fluxes into the furnace chamber.

Soldering ovens vary in heating principle. They are induction, gas, electric. Workpieces are fed and removed different ways depending on the design of the furnace equipment. This can be manual feed, belt conveyor, mine and elevator feed.

In manually fed furnaces, heating and cooling of parts and the soldering chamber occurs within one soldering cycle. After cooling, new parts are loaded. In this furnace it is easiest to control the process and its duration.

In conveyor soldering equipment, heating occurs constantly, and parts cool down after removal from the chamber. Such furnaces are used to create large quantity identical, serial products.

Shaft and elevator furnaces are used for the manufacture of large-sized volumetric structures, which are assembled directly in the furnace and then carry out the soldering process under fully controlled parameters.

Vacuum soldering equipment is used to join products made from highly oxidizing materials. The soldered seams produced in such furnaces are clean and uniform, which ensures their strength.

Due to less high temperature and completely different from welding work, impact on metal, solder joints are more resistant to corrosion and mechanical stress.

Despite the long-standing invention of soldering and the creation of new methods for joining metals and alloys, soldering work using special equipment remain in demand today.