Planting peppers in open ground. How to grow bell peppers in open ground. At what distance to plant peppers in open ground.

home

Codes

bell pepper also called sweet, it is rich in nutrients and vitamins, comes in a variety of colors, is juicy and tasty.

Process growing sweet peppers has its own characteristics, since pepper is a heat-loving vegetable. To obtain good harvest peppers, you must have knowledge and certain skills.

Let's consider growing bell peppers from seeds, from seedlings, care features when growing in open ground, pest and disease control, when to harvest.

Short pepper plant daylight hours, and if there is less than 12 hours of daylight, the pepper begins to bear fruit earlier.

It is not advisable to plant pepper seeds in open ground even in the southern regions, because you need to wait until the soil warms up; the pepper will begin to bear fruit later and not for long. Therefore, sweet peppers are mainly grown in seedlings.

When growing seedlings at home, pepper seeds are sown in February, so that the plants have 90-100 days before transplanting into the ground. Pepper does not tolerate diving well, so try to immediately sow the seeds in separate peat pots with a diameter of 8-10 cm.

There is no need to use large pots due to the slow development of the root system of peppers.

Soil for seedlings

A light and loose substrate consisting of humus mixed with 1 part earth and 1 part sand is suitable. Add 1 tbsp per 1 kg of substrate. l. wood ash.

Before sowing, treat the pepper seeds - keep the seeds in hot water+ 50 degrees for 5 hours. Then place the seeds in damp cloth for germination for 2-3 days, the room temperature should be + 20 degrees. After such pre-sowing preparation, seedlings appear the very next day after sowing.

Seeds sown in cups, water and cover plastic film or glass. Until seedlings emerge, keep the pots in a warm place with a temperature of + 22 degrees. After the shoots emerge, remove the film and transfer the seedlings to a room with a temperature of 26-28 degrees during the day and 10-15 degrees at night.

When caring for pepper seedlings, do not allow the soil to dry out, but we also do not recommend excessive watering.

Do the watering warm water+30 degrees, from cold water frail seedlings will grow, the plants may get sick. The air in the room should not be too dry; protect plants from drafts and spray the plants.

In winter in February, seedlings require additional lighting so that daylight hours are from 7 am to 9 pm.

First feeding carried out in the phase of appearance of 2 true leaves with the following solution: dilute 5 g in 10 liters of water ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potassium fertilizers, 30 g of superphosphate.

Second feeding carried out 14 days after the first mineral fertilizers 2 times greater proportion than the first.

Third feeding carried out 2 days before planting seedlings in the ground. Increase the dose of potassium fertilizers in the solution to 70 g per 10 liters of water.

A few weeks before planting pepper seedlings, the plants are hardened off by taking them out to Fresh air for a few hours. Make sure that the air temperature is not lower than +13 degrees, the seedlings may die.

Choosing a place to plant bell peppers

Select a plot in the garden where cucumbers, onions, pumpkins, carrots, cabbage, zucchini, and various green manures previously grew. Peppers do not grow well and bear fruit if planted in an area where potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, and peppers previously grew.

Pepper grows best in light soils. Prepare the area for planting in advance, in the fall add 50 g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per m2, dig deep. In spring upper layer soil, add 40 g of ammonium nitrate per m 2 of area.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, disinfect the soil with the following solution: dilute 1 tablespoon of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water.

At the end of May, pepper seedlings are planted in open ground with a distance of 40x40 cm between plants. Seedlings are planted in a film greenhouse at the end of April.

Seedlings should be planted at the same depth at which the plants grew in cups or boxes. Do not expose the roots, but also try not to dig in the root collar.

Peppers do not like cold soil; arrange high beds for peppers, raised to 25 cm, to get a good harvest of peppers.

Attention: peppers are susceptible to cross-pollination, so different varieties Plant peppers as far apart as possible or separate them using tall plantings of tomatoes, corn, and sunflowers.

Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

Caring for peppers in open ground

It is necessary to water, fertilize, garter and weed pepper plantings in a timely manner.

Feeding peppers in open ground

During the season, it is necessary to carry out 3-4 feedings with chicken manure diluted with 1 x 10 water. Alternate such feedings with foliar feeding, using spraying with nitrophoska (1 tbsp per 10 liters of water).

Potassium deficiency will lead to curling of the leaves and the appearance of a drying border. But pepper does not tolerate an abundance of potassium chloride.

At nitrogen deficiency pepper leaves become smaller and acquire a matte grayish tint. If there is excess nitrogen, flowers and ovaries are dropped.

Phosphorus deficiency– the leaves on the underside become deep purple, press against the plant stem and rise upward.

At magnesium deficiency the leaves become marbled in color.

Video - HOW TO FORM A PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!

Pepper care

Carry out pinching in hot and humid weather, removing side shoots, especially the lower ones. And vice versa, when the weather is hot and dry, the peppers are not the stepsons, the leaves during this period protect the plants from evaporation of soil moisture.

During the growing season, the longest shoots are pruned, especially all shoots below the fork of the main stem are removed, as well as all branches going inside the plant. Perform pruning every 10 days and after harvesting the fruits.

To attract pollinating insects, spray the pepper plantings with a sugar or honey solution: 100 g of sugar, add 2 g of boric acid, dilute everything in a liter of hot water.

Mulching peppers with rotted straw (10 cm layer) will reduce the frequency of watering to once every 10 days.

Carry out gartering of plants in a timely manner; it is better to do this after hilling.

Pests such as slugs, armyworms, aphids, whiteflies, mole crickets and Colorado potato beetles can harm plants. It is necessary to pollinate peppers with wood ash 3 times per season.

Common diseases of sweet peppers– late blight, Septoria, macrosporiosis, blossom end rot, white rot, black leg.

In the fight against mole crickets, before planting in the ground, fill the planting holes with onion water (infuse 500 g of onion peels in 10 liters of water for 3 days).

If aphids are infested, treat the plants with a solution: dilute 1.5 liters of whey in 10 liters of water. After processing, crush with ash.

When the peppers acquire the size and color appropriate for ripeness, begin harvesting by cutting off the vegetables with the stalk. Pepper ripening begins in early August and continues until the first frost.

Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Wishing you a great harvest of sweet peppers!

Bell pepper is unpretentious plant, which grows in southern latitudes without any problems. The difficulties of growing this crop in the middle zone and further north are associated with the long growing season of the plant. If you know how to properly plant pepper seedlings, you can get a bountiful harvest not only in a greenhouse, but also in open ground.

Even the earliest ripening variety of bell pepper has a growing season of up to 140 days, and the time from germination to harvest ripening is at least 90 days. Plus, the germination time of seeds ranges from 10 days to 1 month.

Thus, if you have seeds of an early or mid-season variety, then sow bell pepper seedlings should be started no later than mid-February (northern regions), early March (middle zone).

Germination rate of bell pepper seeds depending on air temperature:

26-28 ºC – 8-10 days;
20-24 ºC – 13-17 days;
18-20 ºC – 18-20 days;
14-15 ºC – up to 1 month;

You can speed up the process of seed germination by pre-soaking and preparing them.

Seed preparation

Preparing seeds for sowing consists of disinfecting, stimulating and soaking them.

Before starting preparation, you should discard low-weight seeds, since they will grow into weak plants or they will not sprout at all. To do this, the existing seed material is poured into water. After a few minutes, all the seeds that remain on the surface of the water are discarded. Work continues with sunken, meaning full-weight, seed material.

Disinfection seed material carried out with a solution of potassium permanganate (in common parlance, potassium permanganate). To do this, dilute a slightly pink solution into which the seeds are immersed for a couple of hours. A non-chemical method of disinfection is heating in hot water (50 ºC) for 20 minutes. After which the seeds are immediately cooled in cold water.

Stimulation and feeding are carried out with special means such as Epin (Gumate, Zircon). The existing drug is dissolved in water strictly according to the instructions, since an overdose is extremely harmful. The seeds of bell pepper, which were removed from the potassium permanganate solution, are transferred into the resulting solution. The material is kept in the “feeding” for 20-30 minutes. Then they are washed and soaked for germination.

It is convenient to carry out germination between two cotton pads. To do this, the seeds are laid out on the surface of a disk and covered with another one. The top disk can be signed with a ballpoint pen if you want to plant several varieties of peppers. Discs should be wetted sparingly. Seeds that are completely flooded will “suffocate” and die.

As soon as the peppers hatch, they need to be planted in the ground. You should not allow a visible sprout - it will easily break off during sowing. You can skip the germination stage, but this will slightly delay the germination time.

Note! Seeds that are pre-treated by the manufacturer do not require pre-sowing manipulations. The bag of such seed material says “Do not soak!” Follow this instruction - soaking such seeds will damage the nutritional and protective capsule.

Preparing the soil for sowing seedlings

You can sow sweet peppers in “purchased” soil, in peat tablets, or in self-prepared soil. Experienced gardeners believe that at least 50% of the soil for seedlings should come from their own garden. This is explained by the fact that the plant “gets used to extracting” food from a certain soil mixture. A radical change of soil when planting seedlings from “purchased” soil into the garden delays the development of the plant for a long time.

Requirements for seedling soil:

neutral or slightly acidic environment;
sufficient organic content for “looseness” and moisture retention;
sufficient nutrient content;

It is not difficult to create such a soil mixture. Have to take:

two parts of garden land;
one part of peat or special soil for seedlings;
one part of humus, compost or top layer (10 cm) of meadow soil;

To increase nutritional value and adjust acidity, add the following to 10 liters of soil:

stove ash (who has it) - a handful;
lime (for those who don’t have ash) - a handful;
double superphosphate - 2 matchboxes;

It is better to fertilize with potassium and nitrogen fertilizers later, when watering the seedlings.

Note! The prepared soil mixture needs to be spilled with a weak solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection. The second way to kill pathogens in garden soil is to preheat it to 60 ºC.

Methods for sowing pepper seedlings

There are several ways to plant sweet pepper seedlings:

Classic - peppers are sown in a “common” container and subsequently planted in a larger container or individual pots.
In ready-made cassettes, 1-2 seeds are sown without picking.
In peat tablets, 1 seed is sown without picking.
In twists - in rolls of toilet paper, followed by planting young shoots in large containers or individual pots.

Note! The best results are obtained by growing bell pepper seedlings without picking, planting them in separate containers. Peppers, unlike tomatoes, do not tolerate transplantation well, get sick for a long time and are stunted in growth.

Growing seedlings in peat tablets

For germinating peppers, tablets with a diameter of 3-4 cm are suitable. They are placed on the bottom large capacity and fill with water. As soon as the tablets stop absorbing water, the excess is poured out.

A seed is placed in the center of the formed cylinder (and it “grows” when it swells) to a depth of about 0.5 cm. The container is placed in a warm place. To preserve moisture, the top is covered with cling film or polyethylene.

The mini greenhouse should be ventilated at least 1 hour a day. Watering is carried out using the bottom method as the peat dries. After the sprouts appear, the cylinders are moved to separate containers with prepared soil mixture.

The mesh that envelops the peat cylinder prevents the lump from disintegrating and root system pepper is not injured. Further care consists of timely watering and lighting.

Note! If you do not want to transfer the seedlings into pots, then you should buy tablets with a diameter of 7 cm. In such cylinders, the pepper will not need additional soil.

Growing seedlings in cassettes

Growing seedlings in cassettes or individual pots with a volume of 250-500 ml produces high-quality seedlings. You can sow sprouted seeds one at a time; dry seeds are better, two in one container, followed by removal of the weaker plant. The seed is buried 1 cm into the soil and watered.

Cassettes are placed on a south or west window, or under a lamp. It is important that the air temperature is not lower than 25 ºC. As the seedlings grow, soil is added to the pot. Watering in cassettes is carried out using the bottom method - water is poured into the pan. Pots with seedlings are usually watered in the classic way.

Classic home method of growing seedlings

The “old-fashioned” method of growing pepper seedlings at home has a right to exist and even has some advantages:

When sowing in a common container, seed germination is not particularly important.
It is convenient to sow in a small container.
When picking seedlings, weak plants are discarded.
If you follow the timing and agricultural techniques of diving, the pepper will tolerate it relatively well.
Planting in the “native” soil will prevent the plants from getting sick and taking a long time to get used to the new soil after planting in the greenhouse.

To sow, take a small container with soil and sow the seeds densely to a depth of 0.5 cm. Water the ground, cover the top with film and place the container in a warm place. After the sprouts appear for a day (two), the seedlings are transferred to warm window. As soon as the sprouts turn dark green, the first real leaf hatches - they need to be picked.

The picking box (if there are no separate containers, which is preferable) should be at least 12-15 cm deep. The seedlings are watered several hours before transplanting. Seedlings are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm, preferably in a checkerboard pattern.

Twist landing (Moscow style)

Sowing seeds for germination between strips of toilet paper began not so long ago. There are supporters and opponents of this method. The main advantage of this method of seed germination is its compactness.

The technology is as follows:

Place a cellophane tape on the table (it is convenient to use a food bag cut lengthwise).
Lay on top toilet paper and spray it with water from a hand sprayer (important! the edges of the paper and cellophane must match).
Seeds are placed on a strip of cheap (thicker and coarser) toilet paper at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other and from the top edge of the paper at the same distance
Cover the seeds with a layer of paper and moisten well.
Roll into a weak roll, effortlessly.
Place the twist in a container with a little water poured into the bottom.
Remove the structure to a warm place.

As soon as the sprouts appear, the twist is transferred to a lighted place. Planting seedlings in the ground is carried out with two developed cotyledon leaves. The roll is unrolled and cut with scissors into separate fragments with sprouts. The seedlings are planted in a permanent container, where they will develop before being planted in the garden.

Growing seedlings at home is not too troublesome if you have some skill. Follow the deadlines and agricultural techniques, give the seedlings light and warmth - bell peppers will delight you with a harvest until frost.

How to grow bell peppers? Science is not complicated. It just takes a lot of time, patience and a little effort. You can't just take seeds and plant them in the ground. Bell peppers have a very long growing season. Therefore, he simply will not have time to mature.

In general, those who have been planting peppers on their plot for several years know all the subtleties and nuances. We will list the most basic ones. So that beginners in farming can enjoy their harvest without mistakes or losses.

What is important for bell peppers? Yes, a lot of things. The main questions always concern:

seed selection
preparing the soil for seedlings and planting in the ground
growing seedlings
planting dates
care and feeding

Every item on the list matters. Just let it look impressive. In fact, it doesn't take much effort at any of the stages. It is much more important to strictly follow the recommendations and you will be happy and have whole baskets of sweet peppers.

Which bell pepper seeds to choose?

The most important thing in this matter is the shelf life of the seeds. Do not believe manufacturers who write about double or triple terms on the bags. Regardless of the super packaging, the shelf life of bell pepper seeds is only 12 months. With further storage, germination rate drops sharply. Therefore, buy only fresh ones.

Another important factor is the timing of ripening. There are varieties with a vegetative period of up to 150 days. So and to New Year's holidays you won't wait for the harvest. Choose ultra-early ripening varieties. They will appear in all their glory in 70-80 days.

Advice. Don't be afraid to try different varieties and experiment. Perhaps you will collect a whole collection of your favorite bell peppers.

How to Prepare the Ground for Sweet Peppers

For seedlings. Yes, yes, bell peppers are grown through seedlings. To do this, you need to first prepare the soil. You can make your own mixture of loose soil, sand and humus. The proportions are 2 to 1 to 1. Or purchase special soil at the store.

In any case, it needs to be processed. First, the soil is exposed to frost. After 3 days, put it in a warm place and let it thaw. Then they lay out wide metal containers that will fit freely into the oven. The earth is thoroughly spilled with a strong solution of potassium permanganate, then calcined in the oven at 110-120°C until completely dry.

In this way, you can get rid of almost all pest larvae and pathogenic microorganisms. Which, by the way, can easily sit in store soil.

For planting in the ground. The land is prepared in the fall. Organic or mineral fertilizers are applied during digging. This can be rotted manure, mature compost, or fatty humus. Among minerals, potassium sulfate and superphosphate are recommended.

In the spring, 5 days before the intended planting of plants, the soil is treated to prevent late blight. Copper preparations (vitriol, Bordeaux mixture) or phytosporin are suitable for this.

So, the ground has been prepared. What will be further actions? The correct routine is:

Bell pepper seeds are soaked for 20 minutes in warm strong solution potassium permanganate. Then washed clean water. This will disinfect them.
Then the seeds are soaked for 12 hours in a biostimulant solution. If it is not at hand, then simply warm water. Just add a small piece of aloe leaf, cut lengthwise.
After this procedure, the seeds are not washed. They are laid out on a damp cloth or toilet paper, covered with glass or a bag. And put it in a warm, dark place. Within about a day, seeds with normal germination should hatch. Now they are ready for sowing.

Sowing is not difficult at all. The prepared containers are filled with soil to a height of 3-4 cm. The surface is leveled and lightly pressed down. The seeds that have hatched are carefully laid out, then sprinkled on top with a layer of earth 1-1.5 cm thick. They are slightly moistened, and again placed in the dark and warm.

After 6-7 days, at most, the bell pepper sprouts. From now on, he needs good lighting from 7 am to 9 pm, temperature not lower than +22°C. As you may have noticed, pepper loves heat very much. It even needs to be watered only with warm water.

Sweet peppers do not like picking. He doesn't like being disturbed at all. They touch, replant, tear off. But some measures are necessary. For example, picking must be carried out. Otherwise, the roots will become tangled during growth, and the plants themselves will be long, thin and weak. It is done when two true leaves are clearly visible. Cotyledons don't count.

Place bell peppers in cups, two at a time. And they try not to turn over until they are transplanted into open ground.

Watch the soil carefully. It should always be moderately moist, but not soggy. If necessary, periodically spray the seedlings with a spray bottle. This water is quite enough for irrigation. Nutrient mixtures are also consumed on the leaves. The root system of sweet peppers is still too weak, but the leaves are quite capable of absorbing the required amount of fertilizer.

Sweet pepper seedlings must be gradually hardened off. Otherwise she will be painful and weak. To do this, gradually reduce the air temperature to 15-16°C. This can be achieved by temporarily placing the sprouts on a balcony or unheated terrace.

Advice. If you have a greenhouse or greenhouse, you can put cups there for a day. The nights in April are still cold, so bring the seedlings indoors.

When to plant bell peppers

The exact timing of planting is always of interest to both beginners and experienced gardeners. Calculating the time of the first sowing is not at all difficult. The age of sweet pepper bushes when planted in open ground should be 76-79 days. In most regions, peppers are planted after a threat return frosts. This time falls on the third ten days of May. Count back and get the day to sow the seeds.

If you plan to plant in a greenhouse, this usually happens in mid-April. Accordingly, the deadlines are pushed back. Some owners do not have the opportunity to sow sweet pepper seeds so early. Therefore, they do this at the usual time, but dive the plants directly into the greenhouse or greenhouse.

By the way, classic scheme planting bell pepper is 40 by 40 cm.

Advice. There is a sign among the people. If any seedlings are planted on a certain day, then supposedly no subsequent frosts will harm them. This day is May 13th. The weather may still be chilly, but don't let that stop you. Try it on several bushes. According to reviews, the secret works 100%.

Standard care for sweet pepper plantings includes:

Weeding. Weeds strive to shade the peppers and take away the lion's share of their nutrients. Therefore, they are mercilessly pulled out. You can put them directly between the rows as mulch. Let them bring benefit instead of harm.
Loosening. The earthen crust must be broken after each watering or rain. This helps to better retain moisture in the soil. You just need to do this very carefully so as not to damage the root system. It is very capricious in pepper and is located close to the surface.
Watering. Bell peppers are very responsive to timely watering. Without water it can grow, but it will be calloused, painful and will not produce a harvest. At the same time, if the soil is too wet, the roots may begin to rot. Therefore, water it only when there is a threat of drought. In normal climates, water when the top layer of soil is dry to a depth of at least 10 cm.
Formation. Most often, sweet peppers are allowed to grow in two stems. That is, they pinch the top of the central stem. After this, the pepper produces several stepsons. Of these, the two most powerful ones are left, the rest are cut off. And some do not form bushes at all. And they also get good harvests.
Feeding. Sweet peppers begin to be fed with organic matter only at the beginning of flowering. Until this point, it is advisable to use mineral fertilizers. If you swap them, you get powerful lush bushes, and there will be few flowers. It is very good to use green liquid fertilizer or bird droppings diluted with water in proportions of 1 to 20. One application every 15 days is enough. It is advisable to fertilize at the root.
Mulching. A very important aspect of pepper care. Allows you to retain moisture in the soil, which means there is no need for frequent watering. And doesn't let you grow weeds, and this facilitates all complex care. To achieve the best results, the mulch layer should be at least 10 cm. Otherwise, the whole point of the idea comes to zero.
Getting rid of pests. As a rule, many pests love pepper bushes. And garlic infusion doesn’t help much with them. Insecticides are much more effective. But, if the owner of the plantings is categorically against the use of chemicals, then the Internet is full folk recipes. Perhaps the most suitable one will be found there. Among them, tobacco infusions received the best reviews (medium handful per liter of boiling water, strain, dilute in 5 liters clean water) and a mixture based on birch tar (dilute a tablespoon in 10 liters of water).
Disease prevention. Sweet pepper ailments are often caused by a lack of certain elements or an excess of them. Therefore, you need to periodically carefully inspect the bushes for various suspicious spots or spots. In any case, it is easier to prevent diseases than to try to get rid of them later. There are recommendations to alternate spraying with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and a solution ammonia. Both liquids take 2 tbsp. l. per 10 liters of clean water.

As you can see from the list, caring for bell peppers is not at all difficult. However, it is regular.

A few tricks

Now pharmacies do not sell potassium permanganate. And it is required during several periods of work with bell peppers. Feel free to follow her to any store that sells fertilizers and fertilizers. You don't even need a prescription.
Try to plant different varieties of sweet peppers further apart because they are prone to cross-pollination. And even more so, you can’t place them next to hot peppers.
Whenever picking or transplanting peppers, they try to minimize damage to the earthen ball with the root system. This way the plants get sick less and take root better.
It is generally accepted that young sweet pepper plants should not be buried. This is wrong. Numerous experiments by gardeners have proven that additional roots develop on buried peppers. Therefore, you can safely plant peppers by digging them up to the cotyledon leaves.
For better pollination of flowers, use sweet water. For 300 ml of clean water take 1 tbsp. l. sugar, stir thoroughly and spray the future ovaries. Bees are happy to fly to such flowers.

How to grow bell peppers? After reading this article, you will be able to confidently answer this question - very simply!

Video: 10 mistakes when growing sweet peppers

How to properly grow peppers in open ground and provide care? Sweet peppers are a southern crop and require warmth and humidity. IN middle lane, peppers are grown in open soil through seedlings and using greenhouses. To grow the desired crop, you need special care.

Pepper grows well in open ground in the middle zone

Soil preparation

Growing peppers in open ground requires proper preparation of the land.

Sweet peppers grow better in open ground in places with a mild climate and in areas where there is more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, make a shield from plants or build a fence.

When growing peppers in open areas, it is important to understand after which crops it is more effective to grow peppers.

It is better to plant peppers in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, and table root vegetables grew. In places with a previous harvest of tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes, it is not recommended to plant peppers for three years, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.

The soil allocated for pepper should be characterized by fertility that retains moisture. They begin to prepare the soil in the fall. When harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remains of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching it with the following substances (per 1 square meter):

superphosphate in a volume of 30-50 g;
wood ash - 50-80 g;
humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

In places where they have been fertilized with fresh manure, sweet peppers cannot be planted, since there is no need for organic fresh fertilizer. Too much nitrogen in the soil causes active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is poorly preserved, which affects the yield.

In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deep. In spring, the soil is loosened and fed with fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The ground is slightly dug up and leveled before planting the seedlings.

Pumpkin is an excellent precursor for peppers

How to plant seedlings correctly?

Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wilt. Wilted pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the fall of the first buds. So the early harvest is lost.

If the weather is hot, it is better to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, morning disembarkation is recommended.

Prepare holes for planting and water. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water into each hole (minimum liter), which should be heated in the sun. The seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings. On the stem covered with soil, adventitious roots are formed that can nourish the plant.

Plant pepper seedlings in holes, ensuring sufficient watering

How to water bell peppers correctly?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water the root every 2-3 days. One seedling consumes 1-2 liters of water. If the weather is hot, water every day. After seven days, the seedlings are checked and where the pepper died, a new sprout is planted from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "fine" watering. It is important not to harm the plants abundant watering. How to determine the water requirement of a vegetable? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. The plant should not be allowed to wither for a long time. If leaves wilt in the heat, this is not a reason to water.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In hot weather, water in the morning or evening.

Watering young peppers should be regular.

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet peppers grow comfortably in loosened soil. It should not be left to the point where an earthen crust appears.

What is the benefit of loosening the soil?

Improves air flow into the root.
The plant grows faster.
The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

By weeding the ground, there is a fight against weeds.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and there is no need to loosen the soil.

The first loosening of the soil is done after the first “fine” watering. The root system is located in the upper ball of the earth, so loosening will be shallow, at a level of 5-10 cm.

If the soil is heavy, the first time you can loosen the soil deeper, destroying the soil crust. This way the soil is better warmed up and ventilated.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around peppers should be done regularly

Feeding

Caring for pepper will not bring the desired harvest if you do not feed it.

It is good to fertilize the seedlings with nettle fertilizer. To do this, combine nettle with water in a ratio of 1:10 and leave for two days. The last time the seedlings are fed is 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).

At least three feedings are done per season. The first time during the first fluffing (after planting two weeks later). Fertilize with slurry made from manure, bird droppings, mixed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or wood ash.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate chicken afterbirth with nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per bucket of liquid).

It is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride up to 20 g or wood ash in a volume of 150-200 g to a solution of organic fertilizer (manure, litter).

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, you need to add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
superphosphate - 40-60 g;
potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This fertilizer is used for 8-10 seedlings.

During fruit formation, the need for pepper nutrition increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they feed at the beginning of fruiting with an increase in the dose of ammonium nitrate.

If the fruits of the crop ripen small, feed it a fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, use fertilizers without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Pepper does not tolerate chlorine. But there is good replacement Potassium chloride is wood ash.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for peppers

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted peppers, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for crops during frost requires creativity.

Tents are built from scrap materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are made in the evening and removed in the morning. But when the cold snap lasts for a long time, it is advisable to use film.

Flowers and ovaries often fall off. All due to unfavorable conditions for vegetables temperature regime(low or very heat). Growth stops at +8-10 degrees. But if the heat is 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.

The consequence of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

Pepper should not be shaded. At insufficient lighting, especially during cold weather, flowers and ovaries also fall off.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunny color

Features of caring for bell peppers

There are some subtleties of caring for peppers for better yield:

It is imperative to stepchild the pepper - remove the side and bottom stepsons. But in hot and dry weather, stepsoning is not recommended. Leaves protect the soil from evaporation. To increase the yield, professionals suggest cutting off the central flower that grew from the first branch.
During the growing season, long shoots are cut off several times so that there is no shading of other branches.
Remove plant shoots below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is carried out once every 10 days.
Pollinating insects are beneficial for sweet peppers. They are attracted by spraying the plant during the flowering period with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
By mulching peppers with rotted straw (up to a 10 cm layer), the frequency of watering will decrease.
When caring, it is important to tie up the crop immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching peppers helps reduce the frequency of watering

Pest Control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, so it requires special care.

But pepper suffers the most from pests (cutworm, whitefly, aphid, Colorado potato beetle, mole cricket, slugs).

To prevent damage to the plant, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). You can fight aphids with a solution of serum and water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle wood ash on top of the leaves.

By taking all the tips into account, you can grow an excellent harvest of sweet peppers.

bell pepper

is one of the most common vegetables among domestic gardeners. It is actively planted both in open ground and in greenhouses. Caring for it cannot be called scrupulous, but some basic principles and agrotechnical features still need to be considered in more detail. By being prepared for the process of growing bell peppers at home, you can achieve visible results.

Land preparation

Very often, it is the choice of the optimal plot of land for planting bell peppers that becomes a whole problem. Many farmers believe that a vegetable garden is also suitable for this purpose: the soil is regularly fertilized and is quite loose. However, there is one significant drawback. As a rule, a vegetable garden is an open area, the wind constantly blows there, and there is no way to protect the plants from it. Such conditions are considered not optimal in the case of bell peppers. Therefore, try to plant this vegetable crop in a place protected from strong drafts. In addition, it is very important that it is well lit.

Before planting bell peppers in open ground, you should carry out some soil preparation procedures. What exactly does a farmer need to do:

It is recommended to pay attention to one more nuance before you finally plant peppers in your garden. Let's say you want to breed several varieties of pepper at once. In this case, it is better to plant the sprouts further away from each other. The thing is that this agricultural crop can be pollinated during the ripening process. There is a risk that you will not get the result you expected. However, there is a way out of the situation. Divide your home plantation of several varieties of peppers with taller plants (corn, tomatoes or sunflowers). This way you can without special effort Grow several varieties of bell peppers in your garden at once.

Video “Growing and caring for peppers”

From the video you will learn how to properly grow and care for peppers.

Feeding seedlings

It is necessary to feed the pepper, but you need to clearly understand what kind of soil you are dealing with. Your choice of fertilizers should depend on its characteristics. Let's say you decide to plant peppers in a greenhouse and fill it with regular garden soil. In this case, be prepared for the fact that you will need to replenish the soil every 10 days. If you approached this issue more thoroughly, using a specially prepared earthen mixture for planting bell pepper seedlings in it, it will be enough to carry out no more than three stages of fertilizing in the future.

How to get out of the situation experienced gardeners-gardeners?

Many people prefer exclusively natural fertilizers. Between the rows of seedlings, shallow trenches are dug into which manure or bird droppings are poured.

When can this type of procedure be carried out? It is advisable to do this after 2-3 leaves bloom on the sprouts. When the bell pepper seedlings grow noticeably, they need to be planted, and then the next stage of fertilizing the soil must be carried out. You can use either special complex mixtures, dry ash or compost tea.

You can endlessly decide on the optimal place to plant bell peppers. But your efforts to grow a bountiful pepper harvest don't have to end there. Particular attention should be paid to regularly feeding the soil with mineral fertilizers. Moreover, this must be done not just once, but during the development of the plant and fruit ripening. What kind of fertilizers are suitable for bell peppers, and in what proportions should they be added to the soil?

Among the variety of modern fertilizers, urea and phosphates are the most common for this agricultural crop. But that's not all.

Today, many summer residents use potassium and phosphorus fertilizers, as well as folk remedies ( cow dung or bird droppings). It is best to feed peppers with natural mixtures.

For example, cow manure is recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. As for bird droppings, the proportions here will be 1:12. These types of fertilizers are considered the most universal for bell peppers.

If you chose to feed vegetable plant as a disease prevention and in order to strengthen the vegetative part of agriculture, you can safely use universal fertilizers. However, if for some reason you did not feed the soil in advance, or did so, but noticed certain deterioration in appearance bell pepper seedlings, you need to act immediately. First, identify the problem and then promptly fix it. For example, if your plant is not sufficiently saturated with nitrogen, over time the vegetative mass begins to turn yellow. In the case when burns appear on the edges of the leaves of seedlings, the cause in most cases is considered to be a deficiency of potassium in the soil. It happens that bell pepper bushes acquire a purple tint: this means that it is necessary to add phosphorus fertilizers to the substrate.

Stimulation of fruiting

To prevent such problems from occurring, it is worth supporting seedlings at all stages of their development. There are universal ones for this natural fertilizers, among which nettle tea stands out. How to cook it? It is necessary to chop the stems of this plant, and then fill some barrel or container with them (about 2/3). The greenery is filled with water. It is advisable to leave the resulting mixture in a dark place for effective fermentation. At the end of the process, which will take about a week, the solution is used to fertilize the soil, first diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:10. If you wish, you can feed the soil to obtain a more generous harvest of bell peppers using a high concentration of nettle solution. To do this, you need to add dandelion, woodlice, plantain and other herbal plants.

Stimulating fruiting is not a bad thing, but it is not advisable to overdo it. With excessively large volumes of fertilizers and too frequent fertilizing, the branched part of the bell pepper may become woody. In addition, sometimes you can get the opposite result: when the soil is oversaturated with fertilizers, the fruits grow almost empty inside, falling off long before the end of the ripening period.

Features of watering

Varieties of bell peppers for open ground do not require too much care. However, when it comes to hydration, mistakes in this matter are unacceptable, as they can cost you dearly. Interestingly, it is recommended to water pepper seedlings regularly; you should not let the soil dry out. But you shouldn’t create excessive dampness either.

What rules should you follow regarding watering peppers:

After planting seedlings in open ground, it is not advisable to water them immediately. It is necessary to give it a few days to adapt and only then carry out the first phase of watering. Next, try to maintain the established intervals until the seedlings begin to actively sprout;
As soon as the sprouts turn green, it is recommended to water them daily;
be sure to use warm and pre-settled water for watering - failure to follow such recommendations can lead to the occurrence of diseases in the plant;
it is important that water does not fall directly on the pepper leaves;
There must be drainage at the bottom of the seedling container. Thus, excess moisture will evaporate in a timely manner.

Video “Growing peppers in a greenhouse”

From the video you will learn how to effectively grow peppers in a greenhouse.

bell pepper also called sweet, it is rich in nutrients and vitamins, comes in a variety of colors, is juicy and tasty.

Process growing sweet peppers has its own characteristics, since pepper is a heat-loving vegetable. To get a good harvest of peppers, you need to have knowledge and certain skills.

Let's consider growing bell peppers from seeds, from seedlings, care features when growing in open ground, pest and disease control, when to harvest.

Content:

- Video – Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

- Video - HOW TO FORM A PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!
Pepper trimming
Pests and diseases of bell pepper
Harvesting bell peppers
- Video – 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Pepper is a plant of short daylight hours, and if the daylight hours are less than 12 hours, the pepper begins to bear fruit earlier.

Growing bell pepper seedlings

There is no need to use large pots due to the slow development of the root system of peppers.

Soil for seedlings

A light and loose substrate consisting of humus mixed with 1 part earth and 1 part sand is suitable. Add 1 tbsp per 1 kg of substrate. l. wood ash.

Before sowing, treat the pepper seeds - soak the seeds in hot water + 50 degrees for 5 hours. Then place the seeds in a damp cloth for germination for 2-3 days, the room temperature should be + 20 degrees. After such pre-sowing preparation, seedlings appear the very next day after sowing.

Water the seeds sown in cups and cover with plastic wrap or glass. Until seedlings emerge, keep the pots in a warm place with a temperature of + 22 degrees. After the shoots emerge, remove the film and transfer the seedlings to a room with a temperature of 26-28 degrees during the day and 10-15 degrees at night.

When caring for pepper seedlings, do not allow the soil to dry out, but we also do not recommend excessive watering.

Water with warm water +30 degrees; cold water will cause frail seedlings to grow and the plants may get sick. The air in the room should not be too dry; protect plants from drafts and spray the plants.

In winter in February, seedlings require additional lighting so that daylight hours are from 7 am to 9 pm.

First feeding carried out in the phase of appearance of 2 true leaves with the following solution: dilute 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potassium fertilizers, 30 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water.

Second feeding carried out 14 days after the first with mineral fertilizers in 2 times greater proportions than the first.

Third feeding carried out 2 days before planting seedlings in the ground. Increase the dose of potassium fertilizers in the solution to 70 g per 10 liters of water.

A few weeks before planting pepper seedlings, the plants are hardened off by placing them in fresh air for several hours. Make sure that the air temperature is not lower than +13 degrees, the seedlings may die.

Choosing a place to plant bell peppers

Pepper grows best in light soils. Prepare the area for planting in advance, in the fall add 50 g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per m2, dig deep. In the spring, add 40 g of ammonium nitrate per m2 of plot to the top layer of soil.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, disinfect the soil with the following solution: dilute 1 tablespoon of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water.

At the end of May, pepper seedlings are planted in open ground with a distance of 40x40 cm between plants. Seedlings are planted in a film greenhouse at the end of April.

Seedlings should be planted at the same depth at which the plants grew in cups or boxes. Do not expose the roots, but also try not to dig in the root collar.

Peppers do not like cold soil; arrange high beds for peppers, raised to 25 cm, to get a good harvest of peppers.

Attention: peppers are susceptible to cross-pollination, so plant different varieties of peppers as far apart as possible or separate them using tall plantings of tomatoes, corn, and sunflowers.

Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

Caring for peppers in open ground

It is necessary to water, fertilize, garter and weed pepper plantings in a timely manner.

Feeding peppers in open ground

Potassium deficiency will lead to curling of the leaves and the appearance of a drying border. But pepper does not tolerate an abundance of potassium chloride.

At nitrogen deficiency pepper leaves become smaller and acquire a matte grayish tint. If there is excess nitrogen, flowers and ovaries are dropped.

Phosphorus deficiency– the leaves on the underside become deep purple, press against the plant stem and rise upward.

At magnesium deficiency the leaves become marbled in color.

Video - HOW TO FORM A PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!

Pepper care

Pepper trimming

To attract pollinating insects, spray the pepper plantings with a sugar or honey solution: 100 g of sugar, add 2 g of boric acid, dilute everything in a liter of hot water.

Mulching peppers with rotted straw (10 cm layer) will reduce the frequency of watering to once every 10 days.

Carry out gartering of plants in a timely manner; it is better to do this after hilling.

Pests and diseases of pepper

Pests such as slugs, armyworms, aphids, whiteflies, mole crickets and Colorado potato beetles can harm plants. It is necessary to pollinate peppers with wood ash 3 times per season.

Common diseases of sweet peppers– late blight, Septoria, macrosporiosis, blossom end rot, white rot, black leg.

In the fight against mole crickets, before planting in the ground, fill the planting holes with onion water (infuse 500 g of onion peels in 10 liters of water for 3 days).

If aphids are infested, treat the plants with a solution: dilute 1.5 liters of whey in 10 liters of water. After processing, crush with ash.

Harvesting bell peppers

Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Wishing you a great harvest of sweet peppers!

To get a good harvest of bell pepper, it is important to create for it the necessary conditions. High humidity and elevated temperature are the indicators that have a positive effect on this vegetable. But such a plant can be grown not only in warm regions. It is often found in vegetable gardens. In order for peppers to bear fruit, it is important to know how to plant peppers in open ground, what to put in the holes, as well as what the distance should be when planting peppers in open ground, and how to properly care for sweet peppers in open ground.

Seed processing technology

Growing bell peppers in open ground begins with proper preparation seeds The technology for preparing bushes for planting involves calculating the timing, because sowing must be carried out so that by the required date the pepper is ready for planting in the ground.

There are several seed treatment techniques for successful conservation and improvement. planting material. With their help, you can increase your guarantees for a successful harvest.

Interesting! If the seed is not processed, the seeds will sprout fourteen days after planting. When processed, the result will be visible on the third day.

First of all, it is necessary to determine which seeds are healthy. To do this, they need to be filled with a 3% solution of baking soda and water. room temperature. After five minutes, healthy seeds will remain at the bottom of the vessel, while empty and unsuitable for planting will float on the surface. After checking, the seed is washed from salt and prepared for processing.

The seed is disinfected using various solutions. This could be Albit, Fitosporin, Alirin-B or Trichodermin. You can also use your grandmother’s recipe and treat the swollen pepper seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate. 30 minutes will be enough for the treatment to produce results.

Drugs such as Ecogel, Novosil or Epin increase the plant’s immunity and accelerate its growth. They are used according to the instructions attached to them. To improve the effect, such drugs can be used after the sprouts have emerged.

In order to make the seeds strong and strong, special fertilizers are used that strengthen the seeds. To do this, just soak the seeds in diluted fertilizer for 12 hours.

Growing pepper seedlings

Seedlings are grown in the ground three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare from February. It is important to complete all the necessary procedures before starting to seed. First of all, it is necessary to process and disinfect the seeds. They are then hardened and soaked. After this they are ready to disembark.

Sowing seeds

In order for the pepper to grow faster, you must first wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and hide them in a warm place for two days. After this, you can plant them in previously prepared soil (in boxes, pots or other containers). The distance between the peppers when planting in the ground should be 1.5 cm, after which the container is covered with glass or plastic film until the seedlings emerge.

Important! To plant bell peppers, you need light soil, which consists of sand, black soil and humus. Water the seedlings with water, which is infused for one day.

It is important to regularly add organic and mineral fertilizers to the soil. The first feeding occurs after the first leaves bloom on the seedlings.

Growing pepper seedlings

You can prepare soil at home using the following ingredients:

turf land;
peat;
humus;
sawdust.

All components are mixed in a ratio of 2:4:1:1. Then ash and sand are added to the resulting soil, adhering to the following dosages: for one bucket three tablespoons of ash and 0.5 l river sand. The resulting consistency is poured with potassium permanganate.

There are two methods to grow bell peppers:

With the help of picking

It is important to pick on time so that the plant takes root better. As soon as the seeds germinate, the vegetable grower counts 20 days and makes a pick. Since the root of the pepper does not recover well, it is not touched, but other parts of the plant are used.

Without using picks

This technique is more common. You just need to move the seedlings from a smaller container to a larger one. Then the root system is not affected and the plant takes root faster.

Growing peppers on a windowsill

When growing bell peppers on a windowsill, you need to know several subtleties and nuances. First of all, you need to choose the right time for planting seeds. Since bell peppers at home often do not have enough heat and sufficient humidity, they will take longer to germinate. Therefore, it is recommended to plant seeds in late February - early March.

For normal plant growth, it needs to be provided with 12 hours of lighting. To do this, it is enough to keep the windows constantly clean, since dirty windows take away some of the light.

Don't forget about the humidity in the room. For bell pepper it should be 70%. To do this, install an air humidifier in the room. Of course, you can spray plants with a spray bottle, but a humidifier will be more rational and safe.

For planting seeds, two-hundred-gram cups are used, which are replaced by liter cups after one month has passed after planting.

Bell pepper, cultivation and care in open ground

The technology for growing peppers in open ground is similar to growing tomatoes. It is important to water the plant on time, feed it, shape it, and, if necessary, remove the shoots. Don’t forget about protection from various pests and diseases.

It is necessary to water sweet peppers as soon as they are planted in open ground, then after five days. After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil so that there is no hardened soil. The plant is fed three times per season. For this purpose, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are used.

Don't forget about protection from heat. To prevent pollen from losing its abilities, it is necessary to make screens that will darken the plant.

Bell pepper grown in a barrel

You can also grow the crop in a barrel. To do this, you need to take a barrel and remove the bottom. In order for oxygen to enter the barrel, holes must be made in its walls, 1 cm in diameter at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Then the following components are laid out in layers: fading (layer thickness 10 cm), soil mixture (turf and ordinary soil, compost).

At the beginning of May, one pepper bush is planted and covered with film. After three hours, tear off all the lower leaves and fill the plant with 10 cm of soil mixture. After the plant grows, repeat the procedure. Do this until the barrel is completely filled with earth (this will be the beginning of June). Then the barrel can no longer be covered with film.

Features of agricultural technology

Agricultural technology for growing sweet peppers in open ground consists of the following processes:

Irrigation. Seedlings must be watered with settled water every day. You need to be careful not to overdo it with water.
Prevention. Periodically spray the plants with a spray bottle to maintain moisture.
Temperature. It should not exceed 22°C during the day and 15°C at night.
Feeding. To increase the immunity of pepper, it is necessary to feed it with minerals.

Principles of growing on site

Sweet pepper is a plant that requires care and attention. That's why experienced gardener prepares everything in advance necessary tools to care for him. Outdoor care for sweet peppers consists of the following steps:

seedling preparation;
planting a plant in the ground;
watering;
feeding

Preparation of bushes

Before planting seedlings in open ground, they must be hardened off. To do this, the plant must be periodically exposed to the sun to adapt. Due to this, the pepper will be resistant to weather conditions and will be strong. Hardening begins two weeks before planting.

The process of planting plants in open soil

To get a good pepper harvest, you need to choose the right place for the beds. This area should not be exposed to direct wind currents, be sunny and protected from drafts. In the fall, it is important to prepare the necessary area for planting by first digging it up and fertilizing it. It is necessary to plant bell peppers in open ground by impregnating the soil with potassium and phosphorus substances.

When planting, it is important to remember that sweet peppers do not like direct sunlight and too hot air. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the seedlings are in the shade.

Depending on which variety is planted, a scheme for planting bell peppers in open ground is developed. The holes should be 35 cm apart from each other, and 45 cm between the rows. If two peppers are planted in the ground, then the distance increases to 60 cm.

There is also a square-cluster method of planting peppers. Its essence is that each hole has identical sides that do not exceed 60 cm.

Peppers are transplanted into the ground at the end of spring or early June, depending on weather conditions. It is recommended to do this on a cloudy day or in the late afternoon, so that there is no direct rays of the sun on the ground.

Planting pepper in open ground begins with the seedlings first being watered and carefully, without damaging the root of the plant, removed from the container along with a lump of soil. At the same time, it is important to know at what depth it is necessary to plant pepper seedlings in the hole. The stem of the plant is placed underground up to its first lower leaves. After planting sweet peppers in open ground has been completed, it is recommended to insert pegs nearby to which they will be tied in the future.

Features of watering

Bell peppers do not require regular watering and moistening of the open ground. Initially, it must be watered during planting, then after 5 days and then once a week. Approximately one liter of water is needed for one pepper bush.

During flowering, water for irrigation should be about 20°C. Don’t forget to loosen the soil around the bush after each watering to prevent a crust from forming. To keep moisture longer, it is recommended to mulch bell peppers. Mulching peppers in open ground is done using rotted straw or grass.

Pepper feeding

It is necessary to fertilize the soil three times throughout the entire season. In order for plants to develop and grow normally, they need nitrogen. Therefore, the first feeding is preparations containing nitrogen. It is done 2 weeks after planting the bushes in the ground.

The next feeding is carried out during the flowering period of pepper. The plant needs potassium to form fruits. It is found in wood ash. And the last feeding occurs when the first fruit has formed. For this, potassium salt and superphosphate are used. Two teaspoons of each component are added to a bucket of water and the plants are watered with the resulting solution.

Possible diseases and pests and their control

The following pests can often be observed on pepper:

slugs;
Colorado beetle;
whitefly;
bear

These pests are collected by hand, and a solution of wood ash is used for aphids.

Popular diseases are:

Yellowing of leaves. This means the pepper is lacking nitrogen. For treatment, you need to add 1 teaspoon of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with the resulting solution.
Falling of the ovaries. A solution of boric acid will solve the problem (1 spoon per bucket of water).
Fruits develop poorly. Treated with superphosphate or wood ash.
Blackleg. Occurs from excess moisture.

Growing greenhouse peppers

Planting a crop in open ground under a film is considered as convenient as possible, as it brings the crop closer to normal conditions. Seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in April. To do this, holes are made in the greenhouse, maintaining the correct distance.

Before planting the seedlings, it is important to fertilize the hole. A solution based on chicken droppings or manure is perfect for this (half a glass of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). After planting, the bushes are watered at a rate of 1 liter per bush. And to support the plant, you can make a support from pegs, so that you can then tie the pepper to it.

Collection and storage

Bell peppers are harvested as the fruits ripen. Some vegetable growers may collect unripe fruits to remove the weight from the bush. This vegetable is used in many recipes, fried, stewed or baked. The fruits can be peeled and frozen or canned.

In order to receive fresh peppers until December, you can transplant the flowering bush along with the soil into any container and leave it on the windowsill in the house.

Growing bell peppers in open ground is possible not only in regions with a warm climate. Therefore, in the garden of many vegetable growers you can find beds with this cultivated plant. In order for each bush to have a strong stem and strong roots, and for the fruits to begin to form in a timely manner, it is necessary to plant ready-made seedlings grown at home.

How to plant peppers in open ground, seedlings or seeds is everyone’s choice. But you are more likely to get a good result in the first case. Seeds are germinated independently at home, following several rules.

Growing sweet peppers in open ground begins three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, grains need to be planted in early February. For the rapid appearance of healthy sprouts, the seeds must be subjected to various manipulations.

Caring for sweet peppers begins from the seeds. Preparatory stage The technology for growing pepper in open ground is based on seed treatment. To remove fungal and bacterial infections from the seed shell, a disinfection procedure is carried out. A weak solution of potassium permanganate will come in handy.

It is enough to add 1 g of the substance to the water; the solution should have a slight pink tint. The exposure time of the grains in such a solution should be about 25 minutes.

After disinfection, it is recommended to carry out care by hardening the seeds. How to carry out the procedure correctly? For this purpose, the seeds are alternately placed in a cold and warm place for three days. Hardening will allow the bushes to withstand adverse weather conditions in the future.

In order for the seedlings to grow faster and enjoy a high-quality harvest in the future, it is recommended not to skip the soaking procedure. For this purpose, you can buy special preparations or make your own from natural ingredients. You can use a recipe based on wood ash or aloe juice. Aloe juice will additionally increase resistance to various diseases. A cloth bag containing pepper seeds is placed in the juice of two fleshy leaves.

Planting seeds

It is faster to grow peppers if you wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and put them in a warm place. After two days, the seeds can already be sown in a prepared container with soil. The distance between the holes should be at least 1.5 cm. One seed should be placed in each hole. The container is covered with plastic film or glass. As soon as most of the seedlings appear, the seedlings are opened.

The soil for peppers should be light. You can mix black soil, humus and sand yourself. Useful to add charcoal. The soil with seedlings is watered with water, which has settled for at least a day.

Seedlings should be protected from drafts and provided with sufficient light access. Be sure to add mineral or organic fertilizers. The first time feeding the seedlings is done immediately when the first leaves bloom. The last feeding is carried out two weeks before transplanting into an open area.

Peppers are very difficult to transplant, so many experienced gardeners skip the stage associated with picking (pinching out long roots). But if planting pepper seedlings is accompanied by correct and careful picking, then the root system will be branched and strong. In one of the experiments it was described positive result of this procedure: “I’ve been growing peppers for several years now. The picking procedure greatly increases the strength of each bush and allows seedlings to quickly adapt to a new location.”

If you decide to plant pepper seeds in open ground, then sowing begins three weeks earlier than with seedlings. It is recommended to place 4-5 grains in holes about 4 cm deep. The method of heaping seeds makes it possible to facilitate the process of seedling development. More attention should be paid to sowing seeds.

Features of planting under the open sky

There are many secrets on how to grow a good harvest of peppers in open ground.

How to plant sweet pepper seedlings in open ground? Before planting pepper seedlings in open ground, you need to choose a place and prepare the beds. Bell peppers should be planted in a place where there is no piercing wind. In the fall, a suitable plot of land is dug up and fertilized. Planting peppers and caring for them in open ground cannot be done without feeding them with potassium and phosphorus substances.

Also, sweet peppers in open ground do not tolerate too hot air and direct sunlight. You need to take care of shading the beds in hot weather.

In the spring, you need to loosen the soil again, adding ammonium nitrate. The pepper planting scheme can be varied, but the variety is always taken into account. At what distance from each other is it recommended to plant seedlings in the ground? The holes are dug at a distance of 35 cm. The distance between the rows should be approximately 45 cm. If two pieces are planted in a hole, then the distance should be increased to 60 cm.

The square-cluster planting method is known and often used. The hole should have equal sides, at least 60 cm. You can plant two pepper bushes in each hole. How to plant a plant if there are three in a nest? In this case, the dimensions of the sides should be equal to 70 cm. More details about this method of planting can be seen in the video.

Peppers are planted in the ground at the end of spring. If the weather does not settle, then the planting of pepper is postponed to the beginning of June. It is better to plant peppers in the ground in the evening or on cloudy days.

The seedlings are thoroughly watered and one bush at a time is carefully removed from the container along with the earthen lump that is enveloped by the roots. What fertilizers should I apply when planting peppers? When planting, it is useful to add a composition with humus and nitrophoska to the hole. The plant is placed to a depth of the first pair of leaves.

Useful layer

A valuable care step is mulching the pepper. The peculiarities of cultivation lie in covering the soil with an organic or inorganic layer called mulch. Mulching the soil is necessary to reduce weeds, retain moisture, and protect from heat and cold. In the soil that is covered with mulch, beneficial flora spreads and it becomes fertile.

You can mulch the area where the pepper will be planted with the following substances.

An organic layer of straw can quickly cool the ground, reduce the number of weeds, and allow you to get a good harvest. The depth of the mulch layer is at least 10 cm.
For growing sweet peppers, humus and compost are useful and nutritious mulches. They contain beneficial microorganisms that fight pathogens. Pepper grows better, the fruits ripen faster and become juicy.
Mulch the ground with chopped grass. Any herb can be used. Planting sweet peppers in such a place will only bring benefits. The layer retains moisture well, promotes rapid plant development and fruit formation. The thickness of the mulch should be at least 30 cm.
You can plant seedlings using inorganic mulch. This includes black film. The soil under the black film retains moisture well and protects against weeds. Many experienced vegetable growers plant peppers under the film, since there is no need for constant watering and weeding of the beds.

On the Internet you can find detailed information about each type of mulch, as well as watch a video.

In addition to its benefits, mulching can lead to problems. Most often this occurs when a thick layer of mulch is installed. Stagnation of moisture in the soil can lead to rotting of the roots. Periodically you should replace the old layer with a new one.

To avoid mistakes, each type of mulch should be laid in the thickness recommended by agronomists. The layer is laid on well-heated, dry soil. Every spring, the old layer of mulch should be removed.

Caring attitude

The first days after transplantation, pepper growth slows down, the leaves are sluggish and drooping. Within a few days, when the bushes take root, a strong stem will begin to develop. Caring for peppers in open ground is accompanied by regular watering

, soil fertilization and weed control.

Growing and caring for peppers in open ground should be accompanied by proper, regular watering. The first watering is carried out at the time of planting, and then 5 days later. If the weather does not favor rain, then water until the first fruits appear, it is recommended every week. During rapid fruiting, watering is reduced. As soon as the first harvest is harvested and new flowers appear on the plants, the previous watering regime is resumed.

As soon as the height of the plant reaches 35 cm, pinch off the top. Thanks to this, new side branches will appear. In order for the flowering to be abundant and many ovaries to form, the flower located in the center is removed.

Throughout the entire period of growing bell peppers, you need to pick off excess leaves and twigs. This provides better access to sunlight and air to the stem.

Pepper loves soft, well-loosened soil. Therefore, a hard crust should not be allowed. During loosening, the soil is enriched with oxygen, the plant grows faster, and the activity of beneficial bacteria improves. At the same time, weed control is underway. The first loosening should be carried out no deeper than 6 cm. In the future, it is useful to loosen the soil after each watering or rain. Since peppers are heat-loving plants, they can hardly withstand unfavorable weather surprises. You can protect peppers from frost. Shelters are constructed from cardboard and warm fabric over the beds. If the cold nights continue long time, it is better to cover with film.

Additional nutritional components

Growing bell pepper is not complete without adding nutrients. The frequency of applied fertilizer should be once every 12-14 days. The plant needs to be fertilized at least three times. Peppers especially urgently need nourishment during flowering and fruit formation.

The first feeding of nutrients occurs 14 days after planting. During this time, the peppers will take root and get used to the new place. The best formulations at this stage are those that contain mullein. Water is added to the manure in a ratio of 1:5, infused and mixed with water 1:2 before watering.

When flowers appear, you can use the following recipe based on herbal infusion and mullein. Nettle, plantain and dandelion leaves are poured with water, mullein is added and infused for a week. Apply the prepared solution at the root of each bush. You can repeat watering every 2 weeks. Obtained during this feeding nutrients promote growth and better education fruits

To attract pollinating insects during the flowering period, you can use a solution with sugar. Sugar and boric acid are dissolved in water. The resulting mixture is sprayed onto the bushes. As a result, ovaries form faster.

During fruit formation, you can care for it using fertilizer based on chicken manure and nitroammophoska. The components are mixed and left to infuse for the whole week. Fertilizer is transferred to the garden bed between the rows.

Bell peppers can be cared for using nettle infusion. An infusion of nettle alone stimulates the growth and development of pepper. Young nettle is best suited for infusion. It contains magnesium, iron, potassium and other essential micronutrients. The stems are crushed and infused in a barrel of water, covered with a lid, for two days. Before feeding, the solution is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10.

Before adding organic or mineral fertilizing, the beds should be watered with plain water. Such care will allow the nutritional components to be evenly distributed and avoid burning the root system.

Agricultural technology for growing peppers does not allow the use of fresh manure as fertilizer. Manure contains a lot of nitrogen, so the risk of an excess of this element increases. The stem and leaves begin to gain mass and strength, and fruiting stops.

When problems arise

If it has been noticed that the leaves change shape, color, the stems look lethargic, or other signs appear, the cause is often a lack of mineral components:

with a lack of potassium, the leaves curl, and their tips dry out and turn yellow;
It’s time to apply nitrogen fertilizers when the leaves have lost their saturated green color and became gray;
if the leaves are pressed against the stem and have acquired a bluish tint, it means there is not enough phosphorus;
white spots indicate magnesium deficiency;
leaves and ovaries fall off when there is an excess of nitrogen.

To grow sweet peppers, you need to create conditions. At improper care he is exposed to the development of various diseases. The most common disease is blackleg, which develops in soil that is too wet. You can notice the problem by the dark part of the stem with a coating that runs near the ground. If measures are not taken, then all the roots will rot and the plant will die.

To reduce the risk of developing blackleg, seeds are planted only in treated soil; only strong, healthy seedlings are transplanted into open ground. The distance between the bushes must be large, this will reduce the rate of spread of the disease. In addition, closely planted bushes will not allow air and light to pass through well.

Phytophthora is a fungal infection that affects green part plants. You can tell by the appearance brown spots on the stem and leaves. To avoid this disease, care must begin from the seeds. Before planting, they are soaked in potassium permanganate, and seedlings in open ground are foliar sprayed with protective solutions. You should also avoid the proximity of peppers to tomatoes and potatoes.

Sections