Feat of the Second World War 1941 1945. The most unusual feats of the Great Patriotic War

1. Introduction. ………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

2. Heroes-border guards……………………………………………………. 5

3. The feat of Viktor Talalikhin………………………………………………………5

4. The feat of Alexander Pankratov……………………………………….. 9

5. The heroism of the defenders of Sevastopol…………………………………………………….. 11

6. The feat of the submarine “Shch-408”………………………………………………………. 11

7. Defense of Moscow…………………………………………………….. 12

8. Partisan movement………………………………………………... 14

9. Defense of Stalingrad……………………………………………………………... 18

10. The exploits of Soviet patriots…………………………………………. 19

11. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 23

12. List of references…………………………………….. 24

Introduction.

Russia with Russian bayonets

She saved herself and saved us

Guys! Isn't Moscow behind us?

No, much more than Moscow...

I always listened with great interest to my dad’s stories about my grandfather, who went through the Great Patriotic War. Unfortunately, my grandfather himself died long ago. I listened and wondered if I or my friends could do the same as those who defended our Motherland in that war. Maybe those youth thought differently, or maybe they had something that we lack. Unfortunately, in school the topic of war was limited to the start date and end date of the war and the study of the main battles. But it was not clear what motivated them, the young ones, because they were not promised anything, they were not paid money, they themselves were eager to go to the front: they took credit for their years, if they were not taken into the army, they fought in the rear, at the machine tool, in partisan detachments. Maybe, having written this report, I will be able to understand at least a little how we differ from them or whether we are still the same.

On June 22, 1941, at about 4 o'clock in the morning, when millions of Soviet citizens were still sleeping peacefully, Nazi Germany, without presenting any claims, treacherously attacked the Soviet Union. Thousands of bombs and shells began to explode almost along the entire western state border of the USSR; the pre-dawn silence was filled with the roar of German planes and the roar of tank engines.

The Nazis concentrated 82% of the total strength of the active ground army on the western borders of the USSR. Together with the troops of satellite countries, 190 fully equipped divisions were deployed here. The invading army consisted of 5.5 million soldiers and officers, about 4,300 tanks, 4,980 combat aircraft, 47,200 guns and mortars.

Taking advantage of three-fold, and in some areas five-fold superiority, the Nazi hordes rushed into the depths of our country. In the main directions: southern - to Kyiv, northern - to Leningrad and central - to Moscow - a difficult military situation was created.

Hangs over our Motherland mortal danger- to be free or to become dependent on the fascist invaders.

The Communist Party of the Soviet government immediately accepted necessary measures to protect the Motherland from fascist enslavement, to mobilize human and material resources to defeat the enemy.

The leadership of the country's Armed Forces was headed by the Supreme Command Headquarters created on July 10 (since August 8, 1941 - the Supreme High Command Headquarters), the chairman of which was appointed I.V. Stalin.

In order to unite the efforts of the front and rear, on June 30, the State Defense Committee was formed under the chairmanship of I.V. Stalin, who concentrated all power in his hands. The State Defense Committee led the restructuring of the economy, the mobilization of the country's forces and resources.

On July 3, J.V. Stalin gave a speech in which he outlined a detailed program of the party and the Soviet government, aimed at ensuring victory over the enemy. J.V. Stalin explained to the people the just nature of the Great Patriotic War, the sacred duty of every Soviet person to defend the Motherland, defend the gains of socialism, called for courage and heroism at the front and selfless work in the rear. The Chairman of the State Defense Committee addressed the working class, collective farm peasantry and intelligentsia with the call “Everything for the front!” Everything for victory! The Red Army was given the task of defending every inch of land, fighting to the last drop of blood for its cities and villages, exhausting and bleeding Nazi troops in defensive battles, defeating and expelling them from Soviet soil, and helping the peoples of Europe throw off the fascist yoke.

On the first day of the Patriotic War, a resolution of the Komsomol Central Committee was prepared, published on June 23. “In connection with the treacherous, predatory attack of the German fascists on our country,” the document said, “the Central Committee of the Komsomol demands tenfold vigilance, cohesion, discipline, and organization from all Komsomol organizations.” The Central Committee of the Komsomol demanded that “every Komsomol member be ready to fight with arms in hand against the attacking, arrogant enemy for the Motherland, for honor, for freedom.”

The Komsomol quickly responded to the call of its leadership to defend the Motherland. Young patriots of the capital, leaving for the front, wrote this in an appeal to Moscow youth: “We grew up, received an education and a specialty under Soviet power, on Soviet soil, under the Soviet sun. What could be more honorable for us than to defend our beloved Motherland against the invasion of Hitler’s gangs! We are obliged, and therefore we rightfully demand that we be sent to the front. We will take revenge on our enemies with full consciousness of duty to our Motherland.” In total, 50 thousand applications for voluntary departure to the front were submitted in Moscow during the three days of the war. “All Komsomol members of the Leningrad organization submitted applications to be sent as volunteers to the front,” reported the Leningrad City Committee of the Komsomol Central Committee.

The unprecedented impulse of Soviet youth, first of all, was manifested in the fact that every boy and girl in the district Komsomol committee, in the military registration and enlistment office or at the enterprise declared their desire to immediately go into battle against fascism. More than 100 thousand Komsomol members of Moscow and the Moscow region, most of them voluntarily, joined the ranks of the Soviet Army already in the first months of the war.

From the very first days of the war, showing massive heroism, infantrymen, artillerymen, tank crews, sailors, pilots - warriors of all branches of the Soviet Armed Forces - bravely fought against the invaders.

Border Guard Heroes.

The Soviet border guard heroes were the first to engage in battle with the enemy.

At one of the border outposts, said Lieutenant I.S. Rubanik, a fierce battle took place with superior enemy forces. “The enemy paid for those killed in the unequal battle with black fascist blood, leaving up to 1,000 killed and wounded soldiers and officers on the battlefield.” The losses of the border guards amounted to 40 people killed and wounded.

On the western border, near the Ukrainian village of Paripsy, 136 border guards died a brave death. For an hour and a half they held back the onslaught of 16 fascist tanks. One of the heroes, junior lieutenant N.D. Sinokop, wrote on a piece of paper: “I will die for my Motherland, but I will not surrender to the enemy alive.”

The garrison of the Brest Fortress, consisting of a small part of the combat border forces, delayed the advance of two enemy infantry divisions for almost a month and inflicted heavy losses on them.

The front-line soldiers, without lying, spoke truthfully about heavy losses and retreat, especially in 1941. This is evidenced, in particular, by a letter from Red Army soldier Yegor Zlobin, sent to his relatives on July 20, 1941. Let us refer to a short excerpt from it: “... Dad and Mom, you know that the German attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, and I have already been in battle since June 22: from 5 o’clock at night the German crossed, and we were no more than 20 kilometers from him in the camps, and from these days, dad and mom, I saw the country. As from the first days the Germans began to beat us, we couldn’t find a place. We were surrounded by him. He beat us up. About 50 people remained from the regiment, or they died or were taken into military service. Well, I forcibly jumped out of his hot clutches and ran... And the Germans were met by new units of the Red Army. When they started hitting him, only the feathers were flying..."

It wasn’t just Yegor Zlobin who was given such lines. And yet he decided to write the truth. One detail: there are no complaints or whining in the letter. And in the words “they started to beat him, only feathers fly” - the confidence that the enemy will be defeated, no matter what.

During the terrible days, the Pravda newspaper wrote: “The Soviet border guards fought like lions, having taken the first sudden blow of the vile enemy... They fought hand-to-hand, and only through their dead bodies was the enemy able to advance.”

The feat of Viktor Talalikhin.

But the Soviet pilots especially distinguished themselves in battles with the enemy. On the night of July 22, 1941, there was the first enemy air raid on Moscow, and on July - August German air raids became more frequent. On July 25, the regiment pilots opened the scoring, captain Ivan Samsonov shot down a Junkers 88. In the last days of July 1941, Viktor Talalikhin was appointed deputy commander of the first squadron, and then he began to serve as acting commander.

Viktor Talalikhin shot down the first bomber on the night of August 5-6 - it was a German Junkers-88 bomber.

Near Moscow, August 1941 was a restless, alarming and menacing wartime. Endless night bombing by German planes of Moscow and all its suburbs. I, who lived through those difficult summer and autumn months of the first year of the war, who experienced bombings and machine gun fire, remember a heightened sense of danger, and the victory of Soviet pilots and anti-aircraft gunners in the Moscow sky gave me hope.

We learned about the night ramming of a German Heinkel-111 aircraft by fighter pilot Viktor Talalikhin on August 8, 1941.

From the very early morning of August 6, aviation technicians and aircraft mechanics Sergei Borzov, Philip Usatyuk and Vladimir Tsvetkov prepared the fighters for flight.

Talalikhin's "Hawk" was prepared for flight. Borzov reported to the regimental engineer A.M. Menshov about the completion of the task: the engine was tested, gas tanks were filled, a preliminary inspection of the aircraft was carried out.

V. Talalikhin had to fly out for night duty, he approached the plane. Victor in a leather raglan, cap and chrome boots, with a tablet. He checked everything thoroughly and asked to rearrange the foot control pedals, shortening them. Victor Talalikhinsel into the cockpit and prepared for combat duty. The night from August 6 to 7 was warm, quiet, starry. Searchlights started working in the Moscow sky. Many bright rays pierced the dark sky, searching for enemy aircraft.

The fighters stood in shelter on the edge of a small forest, near the village, waiting for a combat signal. The planes of Viktor Talalikhin, Pyotr Funtov, Alexander Pechenevsky, Ivan Tyapin, Alexander Bogdanov, Grigory Finogenov received the message: “Enemy planes appeared in square 82 at an altitude of 4 thousand meters.” The regiment commander called the 1st squadron at 22:55. Talalikhin heard the command: “Air!” Talalikhin's "Hawk" rose into the sky and gained altitude. Below are the Lvovskaya and Stolbovaya railway stations. Talalikhin noticed a shiny point from which green-red flashes were coming. This is from the engines of an enemy aircraft.

Talalikhin quickly led the "hawk" towards the target - the Heinkel-111 bomber. He walked at an altitude of 4.5 km. The bomber is armed with seven machine guns and one cannon. Talalikhin walked behind the bomber, began to catch the Heinkel in his sight, and pressed the trigger. The right engine of the fascist bomber began to smoke, and the Heinkel 111 shuddered. Talalikhin attacked again, aiming for the cockpit. The German plane changed course, turning west. Talalikhin attacks again and again, releasing several bursts of fire. Having increased its speed, the Heinkel-111 began to descend, but the Hawk pursued it.

The air night duel continued. The fascist bomber, shot down but not finished, continued to fly, again the attack was the sixth. Talalikhin presses the trigger, but the machine gun is silent, the cartridges are out,

Heinkel 111 goes into the darkness of the night. Talalikhin instantly makes a decision - to go for a ram, informs the ground - the ammunition has run out. Talalikhin catches up with the Heinkel-111, approaches it, masterfully aligns himself with the tail of the plane, a machine-gun burst flashes from the Heinkel-111, Talalikhin’s right hand is burned - his hand is shot through. But the “hawk” is at the target - 10 meters left. Talalikhin rammed the bomber with his entire vehicle, the “hawk” turned over in the air, the pilot left the plane and flew for about a thousand meters in a long jump, and then opened the parachute.

A fascist Heinkel-111 bomber crashes near a birch grove between the villages of Dobrynikha and Shcheglyatyevo.

This was the first night ram in the history of the war, a heroic feat of Viktor Talalikhin. Ram is highest degree heroism , when the life of a pilot is in the balance, when the unknown lies ahead: is it possible to jump out of a crumpled and damaged plane? Ramming is a special courage of the pilot. Ramming is on the verge of self-sacrifice. Soviet pilots made a daytime ram on the first day of the war near Leningrad, and during the war years, Soviet pilots made hundreds of rams. There were pilots who rammed twice and three times. German pilots did not go to war to ram.

Having thrown himself out of the plane, Talalikhin landed on the bottom of a shallow river. Severki near the outskirts of the village of Mansurovo. Having climbed ashore, Viktor Talalikhin felt pain in his legs and lower back, and the wound on his arm was especially bothersome.

Talalikhin's watch stopped at 23:28 (it was at this moment that the ramming occurred). The pilot was in flight for 33 minutes. The Mansurites found the pilot on the bank of the Severka River. They treated him cautiously - they didn’t know who he was. I.M. were the first to see Talalikhin and approached him. Buralkin , V.D. Zaelkin and V.G. Larionov, collective farmers from Mansurov.

The pilot said: “I belong,” and, overcoming the pain, stood up. The collective farmers carefully led the wounded Viktor Talalikhin to the last house in the village, where E.I. lived. Larionov. Marfa Ivanovna Larinova immediately bandaged Victor’s hand, brought him linen, gave him milk and put him to rest.

Victor, waking up at dawn, looked out of the window; not far away he could see the edge of the forest. In the morning, Victor was given tea, and Yegor Ivanovich Larionov escorted Talalikhin to the place where the plane crashed. After examining the remains of the plane, they returned to the house. The Larionovs already had a cart at home by order of the collective farm chairman N.I. Zaelkina. All Mansurites. escorted Viktor Talalikhin to the village of Stepygino.

That August night they were waiting for the pilot V. Talalikhin at the airfield, but he still wasn’t there. Everyone asked: “Where is Talalikhin, what happened to him?” Victor’s friend, pilot Alexander Pechenevsky, was worried; it was already three o’clock, but his comrade was still not there...

Morning: 9 hours 45 minutes... A U-2 plane appeared over Podolsk, flying to the airfield... Talalikhin got out of the plane with a bandaged hand. Victor is surrounded by fellow soldiers.

Regiment commander Korolev urgently reported to the air unit headquarters about Talalikhin’s feat. Air Corps Commander I.D. Klimov gave instructions to Major Korolev to personally go to the site of the fall of the fascist bomber and present materials for conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on pilot Viktor Talalikhin. Major Korolev went to the downed Heinkel-111 plane together with Talalikhin. Four fascists lay motionless ten meters away. While at the downed plane, MI. Korolev and V.V. Talalikhin was seen by correspondents and a photojournalist who had arrived from Moscow. In the photo, Viktor Talalikhin stands next to the fascist bomber he rammed in a long raincoat. Right hand Talalikhin in a sling.

His parents learned about Victor’s heroic deed from a radio message. On the same day in the evening, Viktor Talalikhin will arrive in Moscow.

On August 8, 1941, all central newspapers reported on the military feat of fighter pilot V. Talalikhin, publishing a “decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR,” which stated: “...for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against German fascism and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, award the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal to fighter pilot junior lieutenant Viktor Vasilyevich Talalikhin.”

Early morning of October 27, cold and clear. By mid-day, clouds appeared and a piercing cold wind blew. The Nazis are rushing towards Moscow, columns of tanks are moving along the Warsaw Highway, bombers are flying into the suburbs in waves.

A squadron of “hawks” under the command of Viktor Talalikhin on the morning of October 27 flew towards the village of Kamenki, flying at low level. Kamenki is located on the 85th km of Warsaw Highway. Fascist scouts fly here day and night. The squadron flew up to Kamenka at 11 o'clock in the morning. In the continuous clouds, six Hawks discovered six Messerschmitts.

- “Messers” on the left! They're attacking! Act boldly and decisively!” - Talalikhin ordered over the radio.

And he was the first to rush into battle. Followers follow him. From the fire of V. Talalikhin and A. Bogdanov, one Messerschmitt fell down. The others left. The combat mission of Talalikhin's squadron was to discover an enemy field airfield, from where Junkers and Heinkels flew to bomb our combat positions. But suddenly a large squadron of Messerschmitts emerged from the clouds and directed fire at Talalikhin’s plane. One Messerschmitt was shot down, but at the same moment Talalikhin’s plane began to descend. “Comrade commander!” cried the wingmen, but Viktor Talalikhin remained silent. Talalikhin's "Hawk" was riddled with bullets from three "Mssserschmitts". The squadron commander died a heroic death. The plane crashed into a dense forest, Viktor Talalikhin did not deviate from the battle, he boldly walked towards the enemy in those difficult October days of 1941 hanging over the country. It was necessary to win, it was necessary to save Russia, but heroes also die. The chief of staff of the regiment flew to the scene of death on a U-2 plane. In the thicket of the forest, the remains of an airplane and the deceased Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Talalikhin were found. Victor's funeral took place in Moscow at the meat-packing plant club.

The feat of Alexander Pankratov.

During the Great Patriotic War, the first feat of a heroic warrior, who covered the embrasure of an enemy bunker with his body, was performed by the political commissar of a tank company, Alexander Konstantinovich Pankratov, from the 125th tank regiment of the 28th tank division, commanded by Colonel I.D. Chernyakhovsky. A turner at the Vologda plant "Northern Communar", Komsomol member Alexander Pankratov, volunteered to serve in the army in October 1938. He was sent to the 21st Tank Brigade. There he graduated from the school for junior commanders, learned to drive a tank, and fire a tank cannon.

The command sent him to the Smolensk Military-Political School, from which he graduated in January 1941 with the rank of junior political instructor. And soon the war broke out.

Having a hard time experiencing the failure of the first days of the war, Alexander wrote home: “Don’t worry, mom! We will defeat the Nazis anyway, and if I have to die, I will die a hero.” This was Pankratov’s real oath, given to his homeland and his own mother, that he was ready for a feat, which he accomplished in the battles for Novgorod on August 24, 1941.

Leaving Novgorod, our units retreated to the east and took up defense on the eastern banks of the Volkhov and Maly Volkhovets rivers. Here stood the Kirillov Monastery, which the Nazis used as an artillery observation post.

On the night of August 24-25, the 125th Tank Regiment was given the task of secretly crossing Maly Volkhovets and capturing the Kirillov Monastery. This task was entrusted to a company in which Pankratov was the political instructor. The company crossed unnoticed, without firing a single shot, and began to make its way to the monastery. The Nazis noticed our fighters and opened machine-gun fire. The company lay down. Pankratov with a group of daredevils crawled to the monastery. The Nazis discovered them too and began pouring lead on them from the pillbox. The political instructor pulled ahead a little and found himself in “dead” space. Squeezing the last lemon grenade, Pankratov crawled closer to the embrasure and threw the grenade inside. There was an explosion in the bunker. Then Pankratov made a sharp jerk towards the embrasure with the exclamation: “Attack, forward!” and covered the barrel of the enemy’s machine gun with his body. And his company, shouting “hurray,” broke through to the monastery.

The homeland highly appreciated the hero's feat. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 16, 1942, junior political instructor Alexander Konstantinovich Pankratov was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

A similar feat was accomplished on February 23, 1943 by Alexander Matrosov. All those who accomplished such feats before and after Matrosov began to be called sailors, and Pankratov was the first sailor. We couldn't think of anything worse, but it's a fact. If we were to call such heroes something, we should call them Pankratovites. After all, the first feat of self-sacrifice in the history of war, covering the enemy’s machine gun with his chest, was performed by Alexander Pankratov.

The heroism of the defenders of Sevastopol.

The defenders of Sevastopol showed unprecedented courage and resilience. October 30, 1941 The fighting was unprecedentedly fierce. The defenders of Sevastopol fought to the death, but did not surrender to the enemy: “Fight the enemy the Sevastopol way, to the last drop of blood!”

In the note of the sailor-machine gunner “My Motherland! Russian land! I, the son of Lenin’s Komsomol, his pupil, fought as my heart suggested, destroyed the reptiles while my heart beat in my chest. I'm dying, but I know that we will win. The enemy should not be in Sevastopol! Black Sea sailors! Hold on tight! Destroy the fascist mad dogs!”

During a difficult battle for one of the heights, many sailors were shell-shocked or wounded. And although the paratroopers arrived and brought ammunition, some food and water, the forces were clearly unequal. But only on December 20, when only three wounded sailors remained alive, the Nazis managed to capture the bunker and take possession of the heights. Courageous Black Sea residents destroyed several German tanks with bottles of flammable liquid. And when the supply of bottles with a combustible mixture was used up, they were tied with grenades and thrown under the tanks.

At the end of 1941, German troops broke through to Leningrad. All Leningraders capable of holding weapons in their hands joined the army. Seven hundred thousand young people built a belt of defensive structures around the city.

The feat of the submarine "Shch-408".

Not only infantrymen, but also sailors fought heroically for Leningrad. Of the submarines that tried to break into the Baltic in the spring of 1943, some died. The fate of the submarine "Shch-408" under the command of Lieutenant Commander P.S. Kuzmin is known. May 25, 1943 submarine“Shch-408” under the command of Lieutenant Commander Pavel Kuzmin tried for three days to overcome German nets and mines placed in the area of ​​Vaindlo Island on the way from the Gulf of Finland to the Baltic Sea. The battery ran out, air supplies ran out, people began to suffocate and lose consciousness. From fuel tanks damaged by mine explosions, diesel bubbles floated to the surface and burst. Based on these spots, the submarine was discovered by enemy aircraft and boats.

The ship's commander, Pavel Kuzmin, a native of the city of Grozny, reported the difficult situation to the fleet command post. After which he ordered the main ballast tanks to be blown out and to ascend. The submarine was immediately surrounded by enemy torpedo boats and opened fire on it. Pavel Kuzmin climbed onto the bridge and called the artillery crew onto the deck. The boat, being on the surface, entered into an unequal battle. And a radiogram went ashore with a request to urgently send planes. Three aviation groups of the 71st Regiment flew from naval airfields to help the submariners; four of our planes were shot down, but the efforts were in vain - the pilots were late.

"Shch-408" was able to hit two enemy boats with artillery fire. And when the shells ran out, she went under the water without lowering the flag.

Defense of Moscow.

The heroic defense of Kyiv, Leningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol and Smolensk was of great importance for disrupting the fascist plan of the “blitzkrieg” and for the defense of Moscow.

In preparation for the capture of Moscow, Hitler gave an ominous, barbaric directive: “The city must be surrounded so that not a single Russian soldier, not a single resident - be it a man, a woman, or a child - can leave it. Any attempt to suppress by force. Make the necessary preparations so that Moscow and its surroundings are flooded with water using huge structures. Where Moscow stands today, a sea must appear that will forever hide the capital of the Russian people from the civilized world.”

In the historical battle for Moscow main blow took over the rifle divisions of I.V. Panfilov, the group of troops of General L.M. Dovator, the 1st Guards Tank Brigade of M.E. Katukov.

316th Rifle Division under the command of General Panfilov was the force that was supposed to not let the enemy pass in the Volokolamsk direction. The last echelon of fighters from the Kresttsy and Borovichi area arrived at the Volokolamsk station on October 11, 1941. There was no prepared defense, just as there were no other troops.

The division took up defensive positions on the 41st kilometer front from Ruza to Lotoshino and immediately began to create centers of resistance in the likely directions of enemy attack. Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was sure that the enemy would rely on tanks as the main striking force. But... “The brave and skillful tank is not afraid,” said Panfilov.

“We will not surrender Moscow to the enemy,” wrote I.V. Panfilov to his wife Maria Ivanovna, “we will destroy the reptile in the thousands, hundreds of his tanks. The division is fighting well...” From October 20 to October 27 alone, the 316th Rifle Division knocked out and burned 80 tanks, killing more than nine thousand enemy soldiers and officers.

The exhausting battles did not stop; by the end of October the division's front was already 20 kilometers - from the Dubosekovo junction to settlement Teryaevo. Having brought up new forces, replacing broken divisions with new ones and concentrating more than 350 tanks against Panfilov’s division, by mid-November the enemy was ready for a general offensive. “We will have breakfast in Volokolamsk and dinner in Moscow,” the Nazis hoped.

On the right flank the 1077th regiment of the rifle division held the defense, in the center there were two battalions of the 1073rd regiment of Major Elin, on the left flank, on the most critical section of Dubosekovo - Nelidovo, seven kilometers southeast of Volokolamsk, there was the 1075th regiment of Colonel Ilya Vasilyevich Kaprov. It was against him that the main forces of the enemy were concentrated, trying to break through to the Volokolamsk highway and the railway.

On November 16, 1941, the enemy offensive began. The battle that was fought at night near Dubosekovo by a group of tank destroyers of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th regiment, led by political instructor Vasily Georgievich Klochkov, was included in all history textbooks. For four hours, Panfilov’s men held back enemy tanks and infantry. They repelled several enemy attacks and destroyed 18 tanks. Most of the legendary warriors who accomplished this unparalleled feat, including Vasily Klochkov, died a brave death that night. The rest (D.F. Timofeev, G.M. Shemyakin, I.D. Shadrin, D.A. Kozhubergenov and I.R. Vasiliev) were seriously wounded. The battle of Dubosekovo went down in history as a feat of 28 Panfilov men; in 1942, all its participants were awarded the title of Heroes of the Soviet Union by the Soviet command...

Panfilov’s men became a terrible curse for the Nazis; there were legends about the strength and courage of the heroes. On November 17, 1941, the 316th Rifle Division was renamed the 8th Guards Rifle Division and awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Hundreds of guardsmen were awarded orders and medals.

On November 19, the division lost its commander... For 36 days it fought under the command of General I.V. Panfilov 316th Rifle Division, defending the capital on the main direction. During his lifetime, the division's soldiers in fierce battles destroyed over 30 thousand fascist soldiers and officers and more than 150 tanks.

Having failed to achieve decisive successes in the Volokolamsk direction, the main enemy forces turned to Solnechnogorsk, where they intended to break through first to Leningradskoye, then to Dmitrovskoye Highway and enter Moscow from the north-west.

Partisan movement.

The partisans operating behind enemy lines provided serious assistance to the Soviet Army.

During combat operations, partisan detachments of Mozhaisk, Volokolamsk, Lotoshinsky, Ruzsky and other districts of the Moscow region distinguished themselves.

Performed an immortal feat heroine Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya . On November 29, 1941, in the village of Petrishchevo near Moscow, the Germans hanged partisan Tanya, who set fire to a stable with German horses. Under the name Tanya was hiding the Moscow schoolgirl Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for her feat. The Germans did not catch the partisan themselves, she was betrayed by her comrade and peer, who walked with her on the fateful night of November 26, who at the same time had to throw his incendiary bottle. He chickened out last minute, he was afraid of being hanged by the Germans, but was shot by the Russians.
Vasily Klubkov chickened out and was caught. Zoya did not chicken out, she did her job and went to the appointed place. She could have gone further into the forest, but she did not want to leave her comrade in danger. Zoya trustingly waited for Klubkov, but instead of him, the German soldiers sent by him came to the edge of the forest.
Zoya was interrogated in the presence of Klubkov. She refused to identify herself, refused to answer where she came from or why. She said that she did not know Klubkov and was seeing him for the first time.
Then the officer looked at Klubkov. Klubkov said: “She’s lying, we’re from the same squad. We carried out a task together. Her name is Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya...”
The story with Klubkov not only explained how the Germans established the true name of the partisan Tanya, but also made her interrogation by the Germans pointless. After all, the enemies had already learned the name from the traitor and real biography heroine, and the location of the partisan detachment. And Zoya’s feat was measured not by the damage inflicted on the enemy, but by her moral superiority over him, expressed in her refusal to buy her life or at least an easy death at the cost of betrayal.
Klubkov, sent as a German agent to Moscow, either confessed himself, or was exposed as an enemy spy. He was shot according to martial law. Obviously, before his death, the traitor told about Zoya’s last hours.
Here are excerpts from the essay by Peter Lidov:
"...And then they brought Zoya in, pointed to the bunk. She sat down. On the table opposite her were telephones, a typewriter, a radio, and staff papers were laid out.
The officers began to converge. The owners of the house (Voronin) were ordered to leave. The old woman hesitated, and the officer shouted: “Uterus, fuck!” - and pushed her in the back.
The commander of the 332nd Infantry Regiment of the 197th Division, Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer, himself interrogated Zoya.
Sitting in the kitchen, the Voronins could still hear what was happening in the room. The officer asked questions, and Zoya (here she called herself Tanya) answered them without hesitation, loudly and boldly.
- Who are you? - asked the lieutenant colonel.
- I won’t tell.
- Did you set the stable on fire?
- Yes, I am.
- What is your goal?
- Destroy you.
Pause.
- When did you cross the front line?
- On Friday.
- You got there too quickly.
- Well, yawn, or what?
Zoya was asked about who sent her and who was with her. They demanded that she give up her friends. The answers were heard through the door: “no,” “I don’t know,” “I won’t tell,” “no.” Then the belts whistled in the air, and you could hear them lashing your body. A few minutes later, the young officer rushed out of the room into the kitchen, buried his head in his hands and sat there until the end of the interrogation, closing his eyes and plugging his ears. Even the fascist’s nerves couldn’t stand it... Four hefty men, taking off their belts, beat the girl. The owners of the house counted two hundred blows, but Zoya did not make a single sound. And then she answered again: “no,” “I won’t tell”; only her voice sounded muffled than before...
Non-commissioned officer Karl Bauerlein (who was later captured) was present during the torture that Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer subjected Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya to. In his testimony he wrote:
“The little heroine of your people remained firm. She did not know what betrayal was... She turned blue from the cold, her wounds were bleeding, but she did not say anything.”
Zoya spent two hours in the Voronins’ hut. After interrogation, she was taken to Vasily Kulik’s hut. She walked under escort, still undressed, walking barefoot in the snow.
When she was brought into Kulik’s hut, she had a large bluish-black spot on her forehead and abrasions on her legs and arms. She was breathing heavily, her hair was disheveled, and black strands stuck together on her high forehead, covered with drops of sweat. The girl’s hands were tied behind her with a rope, her lips were bitten bloody and swollen. She probably bit them when they tried to torture them out of a confession.
She sat down on the bench. A German sentry stood at the door. She sat calmly and motionless, then asked for a drink. Vasily Kulik approached the tub of water, but the sentry beat him to it, grabbed the lamp from the table and brought it to Zoya’s mouth. He wanted to say that he should be given kerosene to drink, not water.
Kulik began to ask for the girl. The sentry snapped, but then reluctantly gave in and allowed Zoya to get a drink. She greedily drank two large mugs.
The soldiers who lived in the hut surrounded the girl and laughed loudly. Some stabbed her with their fists, others held lit matches to their chins, and someone ran a saw across her back.
Having had enough fun, the soldiers went to bed. Then the sentry raised his rifle at the ready and ordered Zoya to get up and leave the house. He walked down the street from behind, placing his bayonet almost close to her back. Then he shouted: “Tsuryuk!” - and took the girl to reverse side. Barefoot, in only her underwear, she walked through the snow until the tormentor himself became chilled and decided that it was time to return to a warm shelter.
This sentry watched Zoya from ten o'clock in the evening until two o'clock in the morning and every hour took her outside for fifteen to twenty minutes...
Finally a new sentry took up post. The unfortunate woman was allowed to lie down on a bench. Taking a moment, Praskovya Kulik spoke to Zoya.
-Whose will you be? - she asked.
- Why do you need this?
- Where are you from?
- I'm from Moscow.
- Are there any parents?
The girl didn't answer. She lay there until the morning without moving, saying nothing more and not even groaning, although her legs were frostbitten and, apparently, were in great pain.
In the morning, the soldiers began to build a gallows in the middle of the village.
Praskovya spoke to the girl again:
- The day before yesterday - was it you?
- I... Did the Germans burn out?
- No.
- It's a pity. What burned?
- Their horses were burned. They say the weapon burned...
At ten o'clock in the morning the officers arrived. One of them asked Zoya again:
- Tell me: who are you?
Zoya didn't answer...
The owners of the house did not hear the continuation of the interrogation: they were pushed out of the house and let in when the interrogation was already over.
They brought Zoya's things: a blouse, trousers, stockings. There was also her duffel bag, and in it were matches and salt. The hat, fur jacket, downy knitted sweatshirt and boots were gone. The non-commissioned officers managed to divide them among themselves, and the mittens went to the red-haired cook from the officer's kitchen.
Zoya was dressed, and the owners helped her pull stockings onto her blackened legs. They hung bottles of gasoline taken from her and a board with the inscription: “Arsonist” on her chest. So they took him to the square where the gallows stood.
The execution site was surrounded by ten horsemen with drawn sabers, more than a hundred German soldiers and several officers. Local residents were ordered to gather and be present at the execution, but few of them came, and some, having come and stood, quietly went home so as not to witness the terrible spectacle.
Under a loop lowered from the crossbar, two boxes were placed one on top of the other. They lifted the girl, placed her on a box and put a noose around her neck. One of the officers began pointing the lens of his Kodak at the gallows. The commandant made a sign to the soldiers performing the duty of executioners to wait.
Zoya took advantage of this and, turning to the collective farmers and collective farm women, shouted in a loud and clear voice:
- Hey, comrades! Why are you looking sad? Be brave, fight, beat the fascists, burn, poison!
The fascist standing next to him swung his hand and wanted to either hit her or cover her mouth, but she pushed his hand away and continued:
- I'm not afraid to die, comrades! It is happiness to die for your people!
The photographer had photographed the gallows from a distance and close up and was now positioning himself to photograph it from the side. The executioners looked restlessly at the commandant, and he shouted to the photographer:
- Aber doh schneller! (Hurry up!)
Then Zoya turned towards the commandant and shouted to him and the German soldiers:
- You'll hang me now, but I'm not alone. There are two hundred million of us, you can’t outweigh them all. You will be avenged for me. Soldiers! Before it's too late, surrender: victory will still be ours!
The executioner pulled the rope, and the noose squeezed Zoya’s throat. But she spread the noose with both hands, rose up on her toes and shouted, straining all her strength:
- Farewell, comrades! Fight, don't be afraid...
The executioner rested his forged shoe on the box, which creaked on the slippery, trampled snow. The top drawer fell down and hit the ground with a loud sound. The crowd recoiled. Someone's scream rang out and died away, and the echo repeated it at the edge of the forest..."

Defense of Stalingrad.

In 1942, German troops broke through to the North Caucasus and launched an offensive in the Stalingrad direction.

The defense of Stalingrad was entrusted to the 62nd Army of General V.I. Chuikov. The whole world knows the words of the legendary hero, uttered by him when he was appointed commander of the army: “I understand the task very well, I will carry out the task, but in general I will either die or Stalingrad will fail.”

Every great battle gives birth to its heroes. The Battle of Stalingrad has no equal in history.

Soviet pilots fought valiantly in continuous air battles with the enemy. Pilot crew N. Divichenko , who made three combat sorties every day, went on a solo hunt on December 21, 1942. Having dropped bombs on an enemy airfield in the Morozovskaya area, the plane was damaged and was returning on one engine. Then the second engine was damaged by anti-aircraft fire and caught fire. There was a strong explosion in the car. The navigator's cabin was torn off, and he bailed out. Divichenko and the shooters died.

Former student of GITIS Natasha Kachuevskaya , who voluntarily went to the front, performed what seemed like an incredible feat on the Stalingrad front as a nurse. After a long battle, 20 people were wounded. Kachuevskaya carried them out along with their weapons, provided first aid and, by order of the commander, took several seriously wounded to the medical battalion. Suddenly she noticed a group of German machine gunners who had infiltrated our rear. They were chasing the car. Natasha carried the wounded to the dugout, and she, armed with rifles and grenades, took cover nearby. The Nazis surrounded the dugout. With well-aimed shots she disabled two Nazis, but she herself was mortally wounded. Gathering her last strength, Natasha inserted fuses into the grenades and detonated them at the moment when at least a dozen fascists came close to her. Some of them were killed, others were wounded. Natasha Kachuevskaya also died, but the wounded were saved. They were taken to the hospital by soldiers from a neighboring company.

On February 2, 1943, the grandiose battle of Stalingrad ended. With this major battle, a turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War began; from that moment on, the strategic initiative passed to the side of the Soviet command.

The largest battle of World War II was the Battle of Kursk.

Feats of Soviet patriots.

The chronicles of the Great Patriotic War record hundreds of thousands of remarkable feats of Soviet patriots.

Komsomolskaya Pravda Galina Kyiv in the winter of 1942 she found herself at the front near Staraya Russa as a company political instructor. In the battle she was seriously wounded, and the medical commission declared her unfit for military service. But, having recovered from her wound, the patriot was again eager to go to the front. And with the help of the Komsomol Central Committee, she received permission. At the beginning of May 1943, G. Kievskaya was appointed Komsomol organizer of the battalion of the 125th Infantry Division. During this battle, the attack of our Red Army soldiers failed. And at this critical moment the girl stood up to her full height and shouted “For the Motherland!” rushed forward. The soldiers, carried away by the heroic example of the Komsomol member, stood up, but the enemy could not withstand such an onslaught and abandoned the heights.

2nd year student of the Chuvash Pedagogical Institute Ivan Alekseev , drafted into the Red Army, participated in battles as an anti-aircraft gunner. After the first wound, he wrote to his sister: “Now I’m stronger, I don’t complain about my health. And don’t forget your older brother - he shot down many enemy planes with his cannons... Soon, having defeated the enemy, he will return home.” In another letter he gives advice: “Study, read, help the front in any way you can.” Having received the news of the death of brother Vasily, he answered sparingly: “There is no hope to wait. I will avenge him!”

June 13, 1944 Death tore Ivan Alekseev from the ranks of Soviet soldiers. In his suicide note, he asked to convey the following words to the “gray-haired father”: “Your son Vanya fulfilled your father’s advice and orders, sparing neither his strength nor his life.”

Lyudmila Pavlinchenko fought near Odessa and Sevastopol. Army newspapers and leaflets called for learning the art of marksmanship from snipers. Lyudmila accounted for 309 killed Nazis. At the front she was wounded, shell-shocked, and frostbitten, but she didn’t even want to hear about being sent to the rear. For perfect feat of arms L. Pavlinchnko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The news of the exploits spread throughout the vast country "Young Guard" in Krasnodar. True to their oath, the Young Guards carried out a great deal of mass political work among the population. In total, during the occupation they issued more than 30 leaflet titles that ended with the words: “Death to the German occupiers!” On the night of November 7, 1942, Komsomol members strengthened red flags on a number of buildings in the city. Immediately after the November holidays, the underground organized the escape of 20 prisoners of war from the Pervomaiskaya hospital and freed more than 70 soldiers and commanders from the camp on the Volchanok farm.

All Young Guards became a symbol of perseverance, greatness of spirit, love for the Motherland and hatred of its enemies.

On January 1, 1943, failure unexpectedly occurred - due to the fault of a traitor. Arrests and torture began. Underground workers were hung by the neck from window frame, their fingers were crushed by the door and needles were driven under their nails, they were beaten with sticks and whips. The investigator's office, in which the Komsomol members were tortured, looked more like a slaughterhouse, as it was spattered with blood.

They left farewell inscriptions on the walls of the prison cells, which testify to the steadfastness and courage of the Young Guards.

I.A. Zemnukhov wrote: “Dear mom and dad! We need to endure everything steadfastly! Greetings from the loving son of Zemnukhov.” L. Shevtsova’s inscription was laconic and tragic: “Farewell mother, your daughter Lyubka is leaving for the damp earth.”

January 30, 1945 Soviet submarine "S-13" under the command of captain 3rd rank A.I.Marinesko accomplished a truly heroic feat. She tracked down the German liner Wilhelm Gustow, which was transporting more than 6 thousand Nazis from Danzig to Kiel. Despite the raging storm, an hour before midnight our submarine attacked an enemy ship. Several torpedoes, one after another, quickly rushed towards the target. After a strong explosion, the liner was blown up.

Young communist pilot A.K. Horovets near the village of Zasorinye, he entered into battle with 20 enemy bombers, shooting down 9 of them. The rest, throwing bombs, turned back. It has never happened in aviation before that a pilot shot down nine enemy planes in one air battle! Communist A.K. Gorovets, who died in this unequal battle, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Komsomol guard junior lieutenant A.A.Derevianko wrote to his mother: I will die, only heroically.” And he remained true to his oath. In the battle near Belgorod, Derevianko knocked out three Tiger tanks. A few minutes later, new tanks attacked his anti-aircraft gun. With the exclamation “We are Russians!” We will not retreat! Derevianko knocked out another tank. Without having time to load the gun, the Soviet patriot was crushed by the tank tracks. The courageous artilleryman was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In 1939 Sr. lieutenantA. I. Pokryshkin finishes aviation school with excellent grades and leaves for Kirovograd, to the 55th Fighter Aviation Regiment. This is where his flying biography began. Pokryshkin met the war in Moldova. And already on June 23 he opens the account - he shoots down the first Me -109. On July 3, already having several victories in the air, he was shot down by anti-aircraft fire over the Prut River. The plane was destroyed during landing at the edge of the forest. The pilot, despite his leg injury, managed to reach the regiment's location on the fourth day.

On October 5, 1941, in the Zaporozhye region, Pokryshkin was shot down for the second time. For several days he emerges from encirclement and fights at the head of a group of soldiers.

At the end of 1941, Pokryshkin's main combat job was as a reconnaissance officer, capable of providing reliable information to the command of the Southern Front. In November, when the lower edge of the clouds dropped to 30 meters, on a low-level flight, Pokryshkin alone (before that, two I-16 fighters flew out on the same mission and did not return) finds the main group of the general’s tank army in the Rostov-on-Don area von Kleist - more than 200 cars. For this feat he was awarded the Order of Lenin.

The air battle began in Kuban. The 16th Guards Regiment, whose first squadron was commanded by Alexander Pokryshkin, gained particular fame. On April 12, in one of the very first battles upon arrival in Kuban, in front of the front air force commander, Lieutenant General K. A. Vershinin, he shot down four Messerschmitts. For this success, the innovative pilot was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. A few weeks later, Pokryshkin’s name was already thundering in the front-line and central press. On May 24, 1943, A.I. Pokryshkin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The legendary battle of April 29, 1943, in which he shot down 5 bombers, is widely known. In the essay “Master of the Sky - Alexander Pokryshkin,” front-line correspondents A. Malyshko and A. Verkholetov wrote: “Does he shoot?” friends say about him. “He comes down with all his fire, burns like a blast furnace.” All firing points on Pokryshkin’s vehicle were transferred to one trigger. Four against 50, three against 23, alone against 8 Pokryshkin entered the battle. And I never knew defeat. Possessing a clear style, A. I. Pokryshkin himself appears with articles in the military press, where he writes about the famous “thunderstorm formula” he created: “Altitude - speed - maneuver - fire!”, about the “Kuban whatnot”, about the “falcon strike” , about a new method of patrolling at high speeds based on the principle of movement of a clock pendulum and other tactical innovations. “Feat requires thought, skill and risk” - this was the credo of the legendary pilot, whom the Hero of the Soviet Union famous pilot

and the writer M. L. Gallai accurately called him “a thinker in our business.”

In February 1944, a call to high authorities followed. The renowned ace is offered the general position of head of the combat training department of the Air Force fighter aircraft. Pokryshkin without hesitation refuses the promotion and returns to the front. In March 1944, Pokryshkin became commander of the 16th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (4th Ukrainian Front).

On July 8, 1944, he received the rank of colonel and was appointed commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Air Division.

On August 9, 1944, for 550 combat missions and 53 downed aircraft, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the third time. A.I. Pokryshkin became the first to be awarded this title, and remained the only three times Hero until the day of Victory over Germany.

Officially, Pokryshkin has 650 combat missions and 59 personally shot down aircraft.

Conclusion.

On May 9, 1945, the Soviet people, all progressive humanity, celebrated a great holiday - Victory Day, which announced the end of the bloodiest war.

The rejoicing of our people on this “holiday with tears in our eyes” knew no bounds. The terrible bloodshed ended and a new, peaceful life began.

In the front ranks of the warriors who fought on land, sea and in the air were young people. The famous Soviet commander G.K. Zhukov speaks with unusual warmth about the heroism and courage of young soldiers: “I have seen many times how soldiers rise to attack. It is not easy to rise to your height when the air is permeated with deadly metal. But they got up! But many of them barely knew the taste of life: 19-20 years old - best age for a person - everything is ahead! And for them very often there was only a German dugout ahead, spewing machine-gun fire!

We also won because there were those at the guns, in the tanks, on the planes whose energy and unquenchable passion for heroism in the name of saving the Motherland worked wonders.

During the war years, 7 thousand students of the Youth Union became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 60 Komsomol members were awarded this title twice. 9 million young men and women who joined the Komsomol during the war made an invaluable contribution to the achievement of Victory with their military and labor feats.

Let us bow to those great years,

Theme to glorious commanders and soldiers.

And the country's marshals and privates,

Let us bow to both the dead and the living, -

To all those who must not be forgotten,

Let's bow, bow, friends.

The whole world, all the people, the whole Earth -

Let us bow down for that great battle.

. Alexander Vert. Russia in the war of 1941-1945. Progress Publishing House.

Moscow 1967

List of used literature:

Introduction

This short article contains only a drop of information about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In fact, there are a huge number of heroes and collecting all the information about these people and their exploits is a titanic work and it is already a little beyond the scope of our project. However, we decided to start with 5 heroes - many have heard about some of them, there is a little less information about others and few people know about them, especially the younger generation.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved by the Soviet people thanks to their incredible effort, dedication, ingenuity and self-sacrifice. This is especially clearly revealed in the heroes of the war, who performed incredible feats on the battlefield and beyond. These great people should be known to everyone who is grateful to their fathers and grandfathers for the opportunity to live in peace and tranquility.

Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin

The story of Viktor Vasilyevich begins with the small village of Teplovka, located in the Saratov province. Here he was born in the fall of 1918. His parents were simple workers. After graduating from college, which specialized in producing workers for factories and factories, he himself worked at a meat processing plant and at the same time attended a flying club. Afterwards he graduated from one of the few pilot schools in Borisoglebsk. He took part in the conflict between our country and Finland, where he received a baptism of fire. During the period of confrontation between the USSR and Finland, Talalikhin carried out about five dozen combat missions, while destroying several enemy aircraft, as a result of which he was awarded the honorary Order of the Red Star in the forties for special successes and the completion of assigned tasks.

Viktor Vasilyevich distinguished himself by heroic feats already during the battles in the great war for our people. Although he was credited with about sixty combat missions, the main battle took place on August 6, 1941 in the skies over Moscow. As part of a small air group, Victor flew out on an I-16 to repel an enemy air attack on the capital of the USSR. At an altitude of several kilometers, he met a German He-111 bomber. Talalikhin fired several machine-gun bursts at him, but the German plane skillfully dodged them. Then Viktor Vasilyevich, through a cunning maneuver and subsequent shots from a machine gun, hit one of the bomber’s engines, but this did not help stop the “German”. To the chagrin of the Russian pilot, after unsuccessful attempts to stop the bomber, there were no live cartridges left, and Talalikhin decides to ram. For this ram he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

During the war there were many such cases, but as fate would have it, Talalikhin became the first who decided to ram, neglecting own safety, in our sky. He died in October 1941 with the rank of squadron commander, while performing another combat mission.

Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub

In the village of Obrazhievka, he was born into a family of simple peasants. future hero, Ivan Kozhedub. After graduating from school in 1934, he entered the Chemical Technology College. The Shostka Aero Club was the first place where Kozhedub acquired flying skills. Then in 1940 he enlisted in the army. In the same year, he successfully entered and graduated from the military aviation school in the city of Chuguev.

Ivan Nikitovich took direct part in the Great Patriotic War. He has more than a hundred air battles to his name, during which he shot down 62 aircraft. From large quantity There are two main combat sorties - a battle with a Me-262 fighter with a jet engine, and an attack on a group of FW-190 bombers.

The battle with the Me-262 jet fighter took place in mid-February 1945. On this day, Ivan Nikitovich, together with his partner Dmitry Tatarenko, flew out on La-7 planes to hunt. After a short search, they came across a low-flying plane. He flew along the river from Frankfurt an der Oder. As they got closer, the pilots discovered that it was a new generation aircraft, the Me-262. But this did not discourage the pilots from attacking an enemy plane. Then Kozhedub decided to attack on a collision course, since this was the only opportunity to destroy the enemy. During the attack, the wingman fired a short burst from a machine gun ahead of schedule, which could have confused all the cards. But to the surprise of Ivan Nikitovich, such an outburst by Dmitry Tatarenko had a positive effect. The German pilot turned around in such a way that he ended up in Kozhedub’s sights. All he had to do was pull the trigger and destroy the enemy. Which is what he did.

Ivan Nikitovich performed his second heroic feat in mid-April 1945 in the area of ​​the capital of Germany. Again, together with Titarenko, carrying out another combat mission, they discovered a group of FW-190 bombers with full combat kits. Kozhedub immediately reported this to the command post, but without waiting for reinforcements, he began an attack maneuver. German pilots saw two Soviet planes take off and disappear into the clouds, but they did not attach any importance to this. Then the Russian pilots decided to attack. Kozhedub descended to the Germans' flight altitude and began shooting them, and Titarenko from a higher altitude fired in short bursts in different directions, trying to create the impression on the enemy of the presence of a large number of Soviet fighters. The German pilots believed at first, but after several minutes of battle their doubts were dispelled, and they moved on to active action to destroy the enemy. Kozhedub was on the verge of death in this battle, but his friend saved him. When Ivan Nikitovich tried to get away from the German fighter that was pursuing him and was in the firing position of the Soviet fighter, Titarenko, with a short burst, got ahead of the German pilot and destroyed the enemy aircraft. Soon a reinforcement group arrived, and the German group of aircraft was destroyed.

During the war, Kozhedub was twice recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union and was elevated to the rank of marshal of Soviet aviation.

Dmitry Romanovich Ovcharenko

The soldier’s homeland is a village with the telling name Ovcharovo, Kharkov province. He was born into the family of a carpenter in 1919. His father taught him all the intricacies of his craft, which later played an important role in the fate of the hero. Ovcharenko studied at school for only five years, then went to work on a collective farm. He was drafted into the army in 1939. I met the first days of the war, as befits a soldier, on the front line. After a short service, he received minor damage, which, unfortunately for the soldier, became the reason for his transfer from the main unit to service at an ammunition depot. It was this position that became key for Dmitry Romanovich, in which he accomplished his feat.

It all happened in the middle of the summer of 1941 in the area of ​​​​the village of Pestsa. Ovcharenko was carrying out orders from his superiors to deliver ammunition and food to a military unit located several kilometers from the village. He came across two trucks with fifty German soldiers and three officers. They surrounded him, took away his rifle and began interrogating him. But the Soviet soldier was not taken aback and, taking the ax lying next to him, cut off the head of one of the officers. While the Germans were discouraged, he took three grenades from a dead officer and threw them towards the German vehicles. These throws were extremely successful: 21 soldiers were killed on the spot, and Ovcharenko finished off the remaining ones with an ax, including the second officer who was trying to escape. The third officer still managed to escape. But even here the Soviet soldier was not at a loss. He collected all the documents, maps, records and machine guns and took them to the General Staff, while bringing ammunition and food on time. At first they did not believe him that he alone had dealt with an entire platoon of the enemy, but after a detailed study of the battle site, all doubts were dispelled.

Thanks to the heroic deed of the soldier Ovcharenko was recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union, and he also received one of the most significant orders - the Order of Lenin along with the Gold Star medal. He did not live to see victory for only three months. The wound received in the battles for Hungary in January became fatal for the fighter. At that time he was a machine gunner in the 389th Infantry Regiment. He went down in history as a soldier with an axe.

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya

Zoya Anatolyevna’s homeland is the village of Osina-Gai, located in the Tambov region. She was born on September 8, 1923 into a Christian family. As fate would have it, Zoya spent her childhood in dark wanderings around the country. So, in 1925, the family was forced to move to Siberia to avoid persecution by the state. A year later they moved to Moscow, where her father died in 1933. Orphaned Zoya begins to have health problems that prevent her from studying. In the fall of 1941, Kosmodemyanskaya joined the ranks of intelligence officers and saboteurs on the Western Front. For short term Zoya underwent combat training and began to carry out her assigned tasks.

She accomplished her heroic feat in the village of Petrishchevo. By order, Zoya and a group of fighters were instructed to burn a dozen settlements, including the village of Petrishchevo. On the night of November twenty-eighth, Zoya and her comrades made their way to the village and came under fire, as a result of which the group broke up and Kosmodemyanskaya had to act alone. After spending the night in the forest, early in the morning she set out to complete the task. Zoya managed to set fire to three houses and escape unnoticed. But when she decided to return again and finish what she started, villagers were already waiting for her, who, seeing the saboteur, immediately informed the German soldiers. Kosmodemyanskaya was captured and tortured for a long time. They tried to extract information from her about the unit in which she served and her name. Zoya refused and didn’t say anything, and when asked what her name was, she called herself Tanya. The Germans felt that they could not get more information and hung it up in public. Zoya met her death with dignity, and her last words went down in history forever. Dying, she said that our people number one hundred and seventy million people, and they cannot be outweighed in all. So, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died heroically.

Mentions of Zoya are associated primarily with the name “Tanya”, under which she went down in history. She is also a Hero of the Soviet Union. Her distinguishing feature- the first woman to receive this honorary title posthumously.

Alexey Tikhonovich Sevastyanov

This hero was the son of a simple cavalryman, a native of the Tver region, and was born in the winter of 1917 in the small village of Kholm. After graduating from technical school in Kalinin, he entered the military aviation school. Sevastyanov finished it successfully in 1939. In more than a hundred combat sorties, he destroyed four enemy aircraft, of which two each personally and in a group, as well as one balloon.

He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. The most important sorties for Alexei Tikhonovich were battles in the skies above Leningrad region. So, on November 4, 1941, Sevastyanov patrolled the skies over the Northern capital in his IL-153 aircraft. And just while he was on duty, the Germans carried out a raid. The artillery could not cope with the onslaught and Alexei Tikhonovich had to join the battle. The German He-111 aircraft managed to keep away the Soviet fighter for a long time. After two unsuccessful attacks, Sevastyanov made a third attempt, but when the time came to pull the trigger and destroy the enemy with a short burst, the Soviet pilot discovered a lack of ammunition. Without thinking twice, he decides to go for the ram. A Soviet plane pierced the tail of an enemy bomber with its propeller. For Sevastyanov, this maneuver turned out well, but for the Germans it all ended in captivity.

The second significant flight and the last for the hero was an air battle in the skies over Ladoga. Alexey Tikhonovich died in an unequal battle with the enemy on April 23, 1942.

Conclusion

As we have already said in this article, not all the heroes of the war are collected; there are about eleven thousand of them in total (according to official data). Among them are Russians, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and all other nations of our multinational state. There are those who did not receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, having committed an equally important act, but due to a coincidence of circumstances, information about them was lost. There was a lot in the war: desertion of soldiers, betrayal, death, and much more, but the most important thing was the exploits of such heroes. Thanks to them, victory was won in the Great Patriotic War.

During the Great Patriotic War, not much was known about the incredible feat of the simple Russian soldier Kolka Sirotinin, as well as about the hero himself. Perhaps no one would ever have known about the feat of the twenty-year-old artilleryman. If not for one incident.

In the summer of 1942, Friedrich Fenfeld, an officer of the 4th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht, died near Tula. Soviet soldiers discovered his diary. From its pages, some details of that very last battle of Senior Sergeant Sirotinin became known.

It was the 25th day of the war...

In the summer of 1941, the 4th Panzer Division of Guderian’s group, one of the most talented German generals, broke through to the Belarusian city of Krichev. Units of the 13th Soviet Army were forced to retreat. To cover the withdrawal of the artillery battery of the 55th Infantry Regiment, the commander left artilleryman Nikolai Sirotinin with a gun.

The order was brief: to delay the German tank column on the bridge over the Dobrost River, and then, if possible, catch up with our own. The senior sergeant carried out only the first half of the order...

Sirotinin took up a position in a field near the village of Sokolnichi. The gun sank in the tall rye. There is not a single noticeable landmark for the enemy nearby. But from here the highway and the river were clearly visible.

On the morning of July 17, a column of 59 tanks and armored vehicles with infantry appeared on the highway. When the lead tank reached the bridge, the first – successful – shot rang out. With the second shell, Sirotinin set fire to an armored personnel carrier at the tail of the column, thereby creating a traffic jam. Nikolai shot and shot, knocking out car after car.

Sirotinin fought alone, being both a gunner and a loader. It had 60 rounds of ammunition and a 76-mm cannon - an excellent weapon against tanks. And he made a decision: to continue the battle until the ammunition runs out.

The Nazis threw themselves to the ground in panic, not understanding where the shooting was coming from. The guns fired at random, across squares. After all, the day before, their reconnaissance had failed to detect Soviet artillery in the vicinity, and the division advanced without special precautions. The Germans attempted to clear the jam by dragging the damaged tank from the bridge with two other tanks, but they were also hit. An armored vehicle that tried to ford the river got stuck in a swampy bank, where it was destroyed. For a long time the Germans were unable to determine the location of the well-camouflaged gun; they believed that a whole battery was fighting them.

This unique battle lasted a little over two hours. The crossing was blocked. By the time Nikolai's position was discovered, he had only three shells left. When asked to surrender, Sirotinin refused and fired from his carbine to the last. Having entered Sirotinin's rear on motorcycles, the Germans destroyed the lone gun with mortar fire. At the position they found a lone gun and a soldier.

The result of the battle of Senior Sergeant Sirotinin against General Guderian is impressive: after the battle on the banks of the Dobrost River, the Nazis were missing 11 tanks, 7 armored vehicles, 57 soldiers and officers.

The tenacity of the Soviet soldier earned the respect of the Nazis. The commander of the tank battalion, Colonel Erich Schneider, ordered the worthy enemy to be buried with military honors.

From the diary of Chief Lieutenant of the 4th Panzer Division Friedrich Hoenfeld:

July 17, 1941. Sokolnichi, near Krichev. In the evening, an unknown Russian soldier was buried. He stood alone at the cannon, shot at a column of tanks and infantry for a long time, and died. Everyone was surprised at his courage... Oberst (Colonel - editor's note) said before the grave that if all the Fuhrer's soldiers fought like this Russian, they would conquer the whole world. They fired three times in volleys from rifles. After all, he is Russian, is such admiration necessary?

From the testimony of Olga Verzhbitskaya, a resident of the village of Sokolnichi:

I, Olga Borisovna Verzhbitskaya, born in 1889, a native of Latvia (Latgale), lived before the war in the village of Sokolnichi, Krichevsky district, together with my sister.

We knew Nikolai Sirotinin and his sister before the day of the battle. He was with a friend of mine, buying milk. He was very polite, always helping elderly women get water from the well and do other hard work.

I remember well the evening before the fight. On a log at the gate of the Grabskikh house I saw Nikolai Sirotinin. He sat and thought about something. I was very surprised that everyone was leaving, but he was sitting.

When the battle started, I was not home yet. I remember how the tracer bullets flew. He walked for about two or three hours. In the afternoon, the Germans gathered at the place where Sirotinin’s gun stood. They forced us, local residents, to come there too. As someone who knows German, the chief German, about fifty years old with decorations, tall, bald, and gray-haired, ordered me to translate his speech to the local people. He said that the Russian fought very well, that if the Germans had fought like that, they would have taken Moscow long ago, and that this is how a soldier should defend his homeland - the Fatherland.

Then a medallion was taken out of the pocket of our dead soldier’s tunic. I firmly remember that it was written “the city of Orel”, Vladimir Sirotinin (I didn’t remember his middle name), that the name of the street was, as I remember, not Dobrolyubova, but Gruzovaya or Lomovaya, I remember that the house number was two digits. But we could not know who this Sirotinin Vladimir was - the father, brother, uncle of the murdered man or anyone else.

The German chief told me: “Take this document and write to your relatives. Let the mother know what a hero her son was and how he died.” Then a young German officer standing at Sirotinin’s grave came up and snatched a piece of paper and a medallion from me and said something rudely.

The Germans fired a volley of rifles in honor of our soldier and put a cross on the grave, hanging his helmet, pierced by a bullet.

I myself clearly saw the body of Nikolai Sirotinin, even when he was lowered into the grave. His face was not covered in blood, but his tunic had a large bloody stain on the left side, his helmet was broken, and there were many shell casings lying around.

Since our house was located not far from the battle site, next to the road to Sokolnichi, the Germans stood near us. I myself heard how they talked for a long time and admiringly about the feat of the Russian soldier, counting shots and hits. Some of the Germans, even after the funeral, stood for a long time at the gun and the grave and talked quietly.

February 29, 1960

Testimony of telephone operator M.I. Grabskaya:

I, Maria Ivanovna Grabskaya, born in 1918, worked as a telephone operator at Daewoo 919 in Krichev, lived in my native village of Sokolnichi, three kilometers from the city of Krichev.

I remember the events of July 1941 well. About a week before the Germans arrived, Soviet artillerymen settled in our village. The headquarters of their battery was in our house, the battery commander was a senior lieutenant named Nikolai, his assistant was a lieutenant named Fedya, and of the soldiers I remember most of all the Red Army soldier Nikolai Sirotinin. The fact is that the senior lieutenant very often called this soldier and entrusted him, as the most intelligent and experienced one, with this and that task.

He was slightly above average height, dark brown hair, a simple, cheerful face. When Sirotinin and senior lieutenant Nikolai decided to dig a dugout for the local residents, I saw how he deftly threw the earth, and noticed that he was apparently not from the boss’s family. Nikolai answered jokingly:

“I am a worker from Orel, and to physical labor I'm not used to it. We Orlovites know how to work.”

Today in the village of Sokolnichi there is no grave in which the Germans buried Nikolai Sirotinin. Three years after the war, his remains were transferred to the mass grave of Soviet soldiers in Krichev.

Residents of Belarus remember and honor the feat of the brave artilleryman. In Krichev there is a street named after him, and a monument has been erected. But, despite the fact that Sirotinin’s feat, thanks to the efforts of the workers of the Soviet Army Archive, was recognized back in 1960, he was not awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A painfully absurd circumstance got in the way: the soldier’s family did not have his photograph. And it is necessary to apply for a high rank.

Today there is only a pencil sketch made after the war by one of his colleagues. In the year of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, Senior Sergeant Sirotinin was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, first degree. Posthumously. This is the story.

Memory

In 1948, the remains of Nikolai Sirotinin were reburied in a mass grave (according to the military burial registration card on the OBD Memorial website - in 1943), on which a monument was erected in the form of a sculpture of a soldier grieving for his fallen comrades, and on the marble plaques the list of those buried indicated surname Sirotinin N.V.

In 1960, Sirotinin was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

In 1961, at the site of the feat, a monument was erected near the highway in the form of an obelisk with the name of the hero, near which a real 76-mm gun was installed on a pedestal. In the city of Krichev, a street is named after Sirotinin.

A memorial plaque with brief information about N.V. Sirotinin.

The Museum of Military Glory in Secondary School No. 17 in the city of Orel contains materials dedicated to N.V. Sirotinin.

In 2015, the council of school No. 7 in the city of Oryol petitioned to name the school after Nikolai Sirotinin. Nikolai’s sister Taisiya Vladimirovna was present at the ceremonial events. The name for the school was chosen by the students themselves based on the search and information work they did.

When reporters asked Nikolai’s sister why Nikolai volunteered to cover the division’s retreat, Taisiya Vladimirovna replied: “My brother could not have done otherwise.”

The feat of Kolka Sirotinin is an example of loyalty to the Motherland for all our youth.

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Many people know the exploits of heroes during the Great Patriotic War. Representatives of all post-war generations listen with pleasure and rapture to stories about the exploits accomplished ordinary people for the sake of saving their homeland. Many of the names of the heroes are constantly heard and are often mentioned in various sources. But there are also a huge number of surnames that, for one reason or another, have not received such wide popularity.

Agashev Alexey Fedorovich

On October 15, 1942, the squad commander of a separate company of machine gunners of the 146th separate rifle brigade, junior sergeant A.F. Agashev. the order was given. According to the order, the junior sergeant with the squad entrusted to him was supposed to get behind enemy lines and organize activities there to destroy personnel from among the retreating Nazi troops. Alexei and his squad managed to recapture one of the bunkers from the enemy (destroying 10 fascists in the process) and organize a defense there.

October 16, 1942 to junior sergeant A.F. Agashev An order was received to organize covering fire for a group of reconnaissance officers. Thanks to the skillful and coordinated actions of the squad led by Alexei Agashev, it was possible to prevent the encirclement of the reconnaissance group (16 Nazis were destroyed).

On October 18, 1942, having received the task from the command to deliver the language, the squad under the control of Alexei, interacting with four intelligence officers, managed to capture and deliver two languages ​​to headquarters.

For his skillful leadership of the department's personnel and the successful completion of assigned tasks, this man was nominated for the Order of the Red Banner.

Bakirov Karim Magizovich

Squad commander of the 3rd separate rifle battalion of the 146th separate rifle brigade K.M. Bakirov. after the commander of the group of Red Army soldiers was out of action, he took command upon himself, leading the group by a strong-willed decision.

Under the leadership of Karim, the group managed to break into several German bunkers, throw grenades at them and destroy them large number fascists (about 50 people). After this, a counterattack by German troops began. Karim managed to organize a repulse of the attack, while he personally managed to destroy 25 Nazis. Despite the serious injury he received as a result of the firefight, the sergeant continued to remain on the battlefield and lead the Red Army soldiers. Karim was on the battlefield until the Nazis were repulsed.

Thanks to his steadfastness and courage, Bakirov managed to organize and successfully repel the enemy’s counterattack. For these actions, Sergeant Bakirov Karim Magizovich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Burak Nikolay Andreevich

Senior Lieutenant Burak N.A., commander of the fire platoon of the 3rd battery of the separate artillery battalion of the 146th separate rifle brigade, during the battle on August 15-17, 1942, he was with his platoon (consisting of two guns) in the direct fire zone of enemy guns, at a distance of 500- 600 meters from the enemy.

Thanks to the initiative, determination and personal endurance of the senior lieutenant, in three days of battle the platoon personnel managed to destroy 3 enemy bunkers (including their garrisons), 3 machine gun points, as well as an anti-tank gun.

After the infantry began to advance, Nikolai gave the order to the platoon personnel to hook onto the KV tanks and move to the front line. As a result, the guns ended up right next to the populated area occupied by the Germans, which greatly facilitated the advance of the infantry.

In the battle, Senior Lieutenant Burak's arm was torn off, however, despite this severe wound, he remained close to his guns and supervised the actions of the personnel subordinate to him. It was possible to remove him from the battlefield only by order of higher command.

This feat was noted by the command. Senior Lieutenant Burak Nikolai Andreevich was awarded a government award - the Order of the Red Banner.

This is only a small part of the feats that were accomplished by Soviet people during the war. The participation of every soldier, home front worker, and doctor in the difficult task of bringing victory over the treacherous invaders closer can already be considered a feat worthy of great rewards. But not everyone is destined to be rewarded with various government awards. Those who perform a feat sincerely, with all their hearts, devoting it to their people and fatherland, will not demand any special treatment and chase various awards.

People who did not spare their lives to defend their Motherland during the Great Patriotic War are those from whom all subsequent generations, without exception, should take an example. The exploits of these people should in no case be forgotten by the residents of our free country, which became free precisely thanks to the exploits of the Great Patriotic War.

Fifty great feats of Soviet soldiers worthy of memory and admiration...

1) Only 30 minutes were allocated by the Wehrmacht command to suppress the resistance of the border guards. However, the 13th outpost under the command of A. Lopatin fought for more than 10 days and the Brest Fortress for more than a month.

2) At 4:25 a.m. on June 22, 1941, pilot Senior Lieutenant I. Ivanov carried out an air ram. This was the first feat during the war; awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

3) The first counterattack was carried out by border guards and units of the Red Army on June 23. They liberated the city of Przemysl, and two groups of border guards broke into Zasanje (Polish territory occupied by Germany), where they destroyed the headquarters of the German division and the Gestapo, and freed many prisoners.

4) During heavy battles with enemy tanks and assault guns, the gunner of the 76 mm gun of the 636th anti-tank artillery regiment, Alexander Serov, destroyed 18 tanks and fascist assault guns on June 23 and 24, 1941. The relatives received two funerals, but the brave warrior remained alive. Recently, the veteran was awarded the title of Hero of Russia.

5) On the night of August 8, 1941, a group of Baltic Fleet bombers under the command of Colonel E. Preobrazhensky carried out the first air raid on Berlin. Such raids continued until September 4th.

6) Lieutenant Dmitry Lavrinenko from the 4th Tank Brigade is rightfully considered the number one tank ace. During three months of fighting in September-November 1941, he destroyed 52 enemy tanks in 28 battles. Unfortunately, the brave tankman died in November 1941 near Moscow.

7) The most unique record of the Great Patriotic War was set by the crew of senior lieutenant Zinovy ​​Kolobanov on the KV tank from the 1st Tank Division. In 3 hours of battle in the area of ​​the Voyskovitsy state farm (Leningrad region), he destroyed 22 enemy tanks.

8) In the battle for Zhitomir in the area of ​​the Nizhnekumsky farm on December 31, 1943, the crew of junior lieutenant Ivan Golub (13th Guards Tank Brigade of the 4th Guards Tank Corps.) destroyed 5 "tigers", 2 "Panthers", 5 hundreds of guns fascists.

9) The crew of an anti-tank gun, consisting of senior sergeant R. Sinyavsky and corporal A. Mukozobov (542nd Infantry Regiment, 161st Infantry Division), destroyed 17 enemy tanks and assault guns in battles near Minsk from June 22 to 26. For this feat, the soldiers were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

10) Crew of the gun of the 197th Guards. regiment of the 92nd Guards rifle division (152 mm howitzer) consisting of the brothers of the guard senior sergeant Dmitry Lukanin and the guard sergeant Yakov Lukanin from October 1943 until the end of the war, destroyed 37 tanks and armored personnel carriers and more than 600 enemy soldiers and officers. For the battle near the village of Kaluzhino, Dnepropetrovsk region, the fighters were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Now their 152-mm howitzer cannon is installed in the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps. (Saint Petersburg).

11) The commander of the 37 mm gun crew of the 93rd separate anti-aircraft artillery battalion, Sergeant Petr Petrov, is rightfully considered the most successful anti-aircraft gunner ace. In June-September 1942, his crew destroyed 20 enemy aircraft. The crew under the command of a senior sergeant (632nd anti-aircraft artillery regiment) destroyed 18 enemy aircraft.

12) In two years, the calculation of a 37 mm gun of the 75th Guards. army anti-aircraft artillery regiment under the command of Guards. Petty Officer Nikolai Botsman destroyed 15 enemy aircraft. The latter were shot down in the sky over Berlin.

13) Gunner of the 1st Baltic Front Klavdiya Barkhotkina hit 12 enemy air targets.

14) The most effective of the Soviet boatmen was Lieutenant-Commander Alexander Shabalin (Northern Fleet); he led the destruction of 32 enemy warships and transports (as commander of a boat, a flight and a detachment of torpedo boats). For his exploits, A. Shabalin was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

15) Over the course of several months of fighting on the Bryansk Front, soldier of the fighter squad, Private Vasily Putchin, destroyed 37 enemy tanks with only grenades and Molotov cocktails.

16) At the height of the battles on the Kursk Bulge on July 7, 1943, machine gunner of the 1019th regiment, senior sergeant Yakov Studennikov, alone (the rest of his crew died) fought for two days. Having been wounded, he managed to repel 10 Nazi attacks and destroyed more than 300 Nazis. For his accomplished feat, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

17) About the feat of the soldiers of the 316th SD. (divisional commander, Major General I. Panfilov) at the well-known Dubosekovo crossing on November 16, 1941, 28 tank destroyers met the attack of 50 tanks, of which 18 were destroyed. Hundreds of enemy soldiers met their end at Dubosekovo. But few people know about the feat of the soldiers of the 1378th regiment of the 87th division. On December 17, 1942, in the area of ​​the village of Verkhne-Kumskoye, soldiers from the company of senior lieutenant Nikolai Naumov with two crews of anti-tank rifles, while defending a height of 1372 m, repelled 3 attacks by enemy tanks and infantry. The next day there were several more attacks. All 24 soldiers died defending the heights, but the enemy lost 18 tanks and hundreds of infantrymen.

18) In the battle of Stalingrad on September 1, 1943, machine gunner Sergeant Khanpasha Nuradilov destroyed 920 fascists.

19) B Battle of Stalingrad in one battle on December 21, 1942, Marine I. Kaplunov knocked out 9 enemy tanks. He knocked out 5 and, being seriously wounded, disabled 4 more tanks.

20) During the Battle of Kursk on July 6, 1943, Guard pilot Lieutenant A. Horovets took part in battle with 20 enemy aircraft, and shot down 9 of them.

21) The crew of the submarine under the command of P. Grishchenko has 19 sunk enemy ships, and on initial period war.

22) Northern Fleet pilot B. Safonov shot down 30 enemy aircraft from June 1941 to May 1942 and became the first twice Hero of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War.

23) During the defense of Leningrad, sniper F. Dyachenko destroyed 425 Nazis.

24) The first Decree on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war was adopted by the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces on July 8, 1941. It was awarded to pilots M. Zhukov, S. Zdorovets, P. Kharitonov for air ramming in the sky of Leningrad.

25) The famous pilot I. Kozhedub received the third Gold Star - at the age of 25, artilleryman A. Shilin received the second Gold Star - at the age of 20.

26) During the Great Patriotic War, five schoolchildren under the age of 16 received the title of Hero: Sasha Chekalin and Lenya Golikov - at 15 years old, Valya Kotik, Marat Kazei and Zina Portnova - at 14 years old.

27) The heroes of the Soviet Union were pilots brothers Boris and Dmitry Glinka (Dmitry later became a twice Hero), tankers Evsei and Matvey Vainruba, partisans Evgeniy and Gennady Ignatov, pilots Tamara and Vladimir Konstantinov, Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyansky, brothers pilots Sergei and Alexander Kurzenkov, brothers Alexander and Pyotr Lizyukov, twin brothers Dmitry and Yakov Lukanin, brothers Nikolai and Mikhail Panichkin.

28) More than 300 Soviet soldiers covered the enemy’s embrasures with their bodies, about 500 aviators were used in battle air ram, over 300 crews sent downed aircraft to concentrations of enemy troops.

29) During the war, more than 6,200 operated behind enemy lines partisan detachments and underground groups, in which there were over 1,000,000 people's avengers.

30) During the war years, 5,300,000 orders and 7,580,000 medals were awarded.

31) There were about 600,000 women in the active army, more than 150,000 of them were awarded orders and medals, 86 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

32) 10,900 times regiments and divisions were awarded the Order of the USSR, 29 units and formations have 5 or more awards.

33) During the Great Patriotic War, 41,000 people were awarded the Order of Lenin, of which 36,000 were awarded for military exploits. More than 200 people were awarded the Order of Lenin military units and connections.

34) More than 300,000 people were awarded the Order of the Red Banner during the war.

35) For exploits during the Great Patriotic War, more than 2,860,000 awards were made with the Order of the Red Star.

36) The Order of Suvorov, 1st degree, was the first to be awarded to G. Zhukov; the Order of Suvorov, 2nd degree, No. 1, was awarded to Major General of Tank Forces V. Badanov.

37) The Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree No. 1, was awarded to Lieutenant General N. Galanin, the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, 1st degree No. 1, was awarded to General A. Danilo.

38) During the war years, 340 were awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st degree, 2nd degree - 2100, 3rd degree - 300, Order of Ushakov 1st degree - 30, 2nd degree - 180, Order of Kutuzov 1st degree - 570, 2nd degree - 2570, 3rd degree - 2200, Order of Nakhimov 1st degree - 70, 2nd degree - 350, Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky 1st degree - 200, 2nd degree - 1450 , 3rd degree - 5400, Order of Alexander Nevsky - 40,000.

39) The Order of the Great Patriotic War, 1st degree No. 1, was awarded to the family of the deceased senior political instructor V. Konyukhov.

40) Order Great War Wars of the 2nd degree were awarded to the parents of the deceased senior lieutenant P. Razhkin.

41) N. Petrov received six Orders of the Red Banner during the Great Patriotic War. The feat of N. Yanenkov and D. Panchuk was awarded with four Orders of the Patriotic War. Six Orders of the Red Star awarded the merits of I. Panchenko.

42) The Order of Glory, 1st degree No. 1, was received by Sergeant Major N. Zalyotov.

43) 2,577 people became full holders of the Order of Glory. After the soldiers, 8 full holders of the Order of Glory became Heroes of Socialist Labor.

44) During the war years, about 980,000 people were awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and more than 46,000 people, 2nd and 1st degrees.

45) Only 4 people - Heroes of the Soviet Union - are full holders of the Order of Glory. These are guard artillerymen senior sergeants A. Aleshin and N. Kuznetsov, infantryman foreman P. Dubina, pilot senior lieutenant I. Drachenko, recent years life lived in Kyiv.

46) During the Great Patriotic War, the medal “For Courage” was awarded to more than 4,000,000 people, “For Military Merit” - 3,320,000.

47) The military feat of intelligence officer V. Breev was awarded with six medals “For Courage”.

48) The youngest of those awarded the medal “For Military Merit” is six-year-old Seryozha Aleshkov.

49) The medal “Partisan of the Great Patriotic War”, 1st degree, was awarded to more than 56,000 people, 2nd degree - about 71,000 people.

50) 185,000 people were awarded orders and medals for their feat behind enemy lines.

Law and duty No. 5, 2011

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Heroes of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945):

• Fifty facts: the exploits of Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War- Law and duty
• 5 myths about the beginning of the war from military historian Alexei Isaev- Thomas
• Pobeda or Pobeda: how we fought- Sergey Fedosov
• The Red Army through the eyes of the Wehrmacht: confrontation of spirit- Eurasian Youth Union
• Otto Skorzeny: "Why didn't we take Moscow?"- Oles Buzina
• In the first air battle - don't touch anything. How aircraft gunners were trained and how they fought - Maxim Krupinov
• Saboteurs from a rural school- Vladimir Tikhomirov
• An Ossetian shepherd killed 108 Germans in one battle at the age of 23- Cont
• Mad warrior Jack Churchill- Wikipedia