What pressure should be in the water pumping station. Installation and adjustment of a water pressure switch for a pump: work technology and main errors
The water supply system in a private house includes, in addition to submersible pump, a system for maintaining the required pressure in the water supply system, and therefore constant pressure. It contains a hydraulic pneumatic accumulator and a pressure switch (hydrophore). The main purpose of the hydrophore is to control the switching on and off of the pump in automatic mode.
This process occurs due to the contact group, which closes or opens upon reaching the pressure set in the settings (minimum or maximum readings). Store-sold relays pressures have factory settings for the upper value, which is responsible for turning off the injection pump, and the lower value, which is responsible for turning it on. Factory settings do not exceed 3 bar to turn off and 1.8 bar to turn on the pump.
Hydrophore device (pressure switch)
The pressure switch is an electromechanical device. Housed in a plastic case metal plate, on which two studs with springs and nuts are mounted to regulate the maximum and minimum values, a contact group.
On the bottom side of the relay there are two cable channels with crimp couplings and a connecting flange to the water supply system. The terminal group has three rows of clamps. The first one is for connecting power. The second one is for connecting the pump. And the third is grounding.
How the hydrophore works
The water coming from the submersible pump presses on the membrane. As the volume of air in the chamber decreases, its pressure increases and due to this the piston moves, setting the group of contacts in motion.
The contact group is hinged. Depending on the impact, it is either closed or open.
To balance the difference in loads, the group of contacts is equipped with a spring and an adjusting nut.
When you open a tap, the volume of water decreases and, accordingly, the pressure. The spring, overcoming the decreasing load, closes the group of contacts, thereby connecting the pump to operating condition.
By pumping water, the pressure gradually increases. The air presses on the rod of the second spring. The contact group opens and the pump turns off.
Pressure switch adjustment
When equipping a house with running water buy more often ready set pumping station. This kit includes:
- hydropneumatic accumulator;
- pressure switch;
- pressure gauge
And all this is assembled on one platform and has compact dimensions.
To increase service life pumping station or if there is some malfunction of the relay, it is necessary to adjust the parameters for specific volumes of water consumption in the house. To do this, you need to have an understanding of the structure and operating principle of individual units.
Design and principle of operation of a hydropneumatic accumulator
A hydropneumatic accumulator is a container designed to accumulate water. The sealed tank consists of two welded halves and has different volumes. A rubber membrane (bulb) is secured inside the tank using a flange. Due to this, the hydraulic accumulator is divided into two parts.
To create the required load, air is pumped from the back of the tank through a valve. The valve design is similar to a car nipple, so air can be pumped using a pump designed for inflating wheels.
Water flows into the bulb from the pump. Due to the resistance of air in the water supply system, a constant water pressure is maintained. Air pressure must be optimal. A reduced value provokes excessive stretching of the membrane and, as a result, a reduced service life. this leads to a malfunction - a breakthrough of the rubber sheet. And an increased value leads to a decrease in the volume of accumulated water and, as a result, frequent operation of the pump, which negatively affects its service life.
Adjusting the pressure switch of the pumping station
At enterprises that assemble pumping stations, close attention is paid to adjusting the hydrophore. Setting optimal modes is the key to long-term, trouble-free operation of all station components. But you can set your own values and manually configure the group of contacts to trigger.
Before starting the adjustment, you need to check the pressure in the hydraulic pneumatic accumulator. To do this, use a car pressure gauge to monitor tire pressure. By unscrewing the valve cap, the air pressure in the tank is measured.
- lower response threshold (to turn on the pump) – 1.5-1.7 bar;
- upper threshold (to turn off the pump) – 2.5-2.8 bar.
Pressure readings that are more familiar to Russian consumers are indicated in kgf/cm2. And most pressure gauges domestic production has this scale. From here:
- lower threshold – 1.53-1.73 kgf/cm2;
- upper threshold – 2.55-2.85 kgf/cm2.
Another option for taking readings is also proposed. If the reading on the pressure gauge increases and the pump turns off, it indicates insufficient air pressure. Its indicator must exceed 90% of the lower value. That is, with a value of 1.5 kgf/cm2, the air pressure should not exceed 1.35 kgf/cm2.
After the pressure in the accumulator is adjusted, we proceed to adjusting the relay itself. The instructions included in the kit say that fine adjustment can be made by rotating the nuts responsible for compressing the springs.
Adjustment process
Do-it-yourself adjustment of the pump station pressure switch is done with with the lid removed. In order to remove it, you need to unscrew the decorative plastic nut. After which two springs with washers and nuts appear before your eyes.
Spring and nut bigger size are responsible for monitoring the lower minimum pressure (LPM) in the water supply. When it decreases, the contacts close and automatic power supply is activated. Voltage is applied to the pump and it turns on.
To increase the pressure values, you need to tighten the nut, i.e. rotate clockwise. To reduce the response threshold of the nut should be rotated counterclockwise.
A smaller spring and nut are responsible for controlling the upper maximum water pressure in the water supply system, at which the injection pump is switched off. They also adjust the pressure difference. The optimal value is considered to be a difference of 1.4 atmospheres. A lower value will allow you to achieve a uniform water supply, but at the same time the number of pump starts will increase.
An increased value, more gentle, applies to the pump, but increases the jet pressure, and therefore increases the load on the rubber membrane. Increasing the compression of the small spring increases the difference between the upper and lower pressure values.
It is worth paying attention to the small diameter spring. It is quite sensitive and means that the adjusting nut should be rotated by hand carefully at a slight angle.
How to adjust the pump station pressure switch during initial setup
Opening the lid of the hydrophore you can see the following picture. The adjustment springs are loose and the nuts are not tightened. In this case, you will have to configure it from scratch, with your own hands. The sequence of work performed looks like this:
upper threshold – 2.8 kgf/cm2.
A pressure gauge with the appropriate parameters is installed at the pumping station to regulate and control pressure. Installed with a maximum value of 50 kgf/cm2, it is very difficult to catch a reading of 1.5.
It is possible to set individual parameters that differ from those recommended by the manufacturer. The setting is made from the minimum value. But the characteristics of the pump should be taken into account. If it is not designed to lift water above 30 m, then adjust upper value more than 3.5 kgf/cm2 does not make any sense. It will not provide the necessary pressure.
Increased pressure requires supply lines and plumbing designed for increased parameter values. Models designed for normal pressure, cannot withstand the load.
Terms and symbols
The lower threshold responsible for switching on is P on;
The upper threshold responsible for shutdown is P howl;
Value difference – ΔР;
Maximum possible installation parameter when adjusting P max = 5 kgf/cm2.
The pressure switch is a small but indispensable component of a large and small pumping station. And if all its other elements just need to be connected correctly, then it will also have to be further configured. It is this device that is responsible for automating the pumping process. It turns the equipment on and off based on pressure readings in the hydraulic tank.
Proper adjustment of the pressure switch for the pump is the key to comfort and long service life of the equipment. We describe in detail how it is performed, what actions need to be performed and what data you need to know to fine-tune it in the article. You will find out why and in what situations it is produced.
Except step-by-step description adjustment procedures, we provide valuable recommendations provided by hydraulic engineers. To optimize perception, the text is supplemented with photo selections, diagrams, and video tutorials.
Numerous varieties, which come with almost all pumping stations, are designed approximately the same.
Inside plastic case there is a metal base on which the remaining elements are fixed:
- membrane;
- piston;
- metal platform;
- electrical contact assembly.
From above to below plastic cover There are two springs - large and small. When the membrane experiences pressure, it pushes the piston.
This in turn raises a platform which acts on a large spring, compressing it. A large spring resists this pressure, limiting the movement of the piston.
The small distance that separates the large and small adjusting springs is enough to regulate the operation of a whole complex of devices. The platform, under pressure from the membrane, gradually rises until its edge reaches the small spring. The pressure on the platform increases at this moment, as a result its position changes.
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Imagine that to get water at your dacha you can simply open the tap. That there is no need to fill containers with buckets for basic hygiene procedures, cooking, and cleaning. To do this you just need to install pump equipment with a pressure sensor, but first you should understand its structure, don’t you agree?
Our article will introduce you in fine detail to the pressure switch for the pumping station. You will learn how the device works, how it activates and stops pumping. We describe in detail the popular options for pressure sensors and how to adjust them.
The material lists technological nuances and relay configuration methods. The information presented is ideally complemented useful diagrams, photo and video applications.
The device, small in size, belongs to the group of automation systems servicing pumping equipment. Its functionality is only possible in conjunction with a hydraulic accumulator.
Despite its small size, the relay performs a number of important functions:
- allows all devices to function in the specified mode;
- Reacts sensitively to changes in on/off thresholds;
- activates and stops the pump when critical values are reached.
Simply put, it regulates the automatic process of pumping water in independent water supply schemes with membrane tank. The adjustment is made during the switching of electrical circuits when two pressure parameters are reached in the system, accepted as the upper and lower limits.
For a stable supply of water with the required pressure values, it is not enough to simply buy a pumping station. The equipment still needs to be configured, launched and properly operated. Admit it, not all of us are familiar with the intricacies of settings. But the prospect of damaging devices through incorrect actions is not very attractive, don’t you agree?
You will learn about the causes of pressure drop and become familiar with methods for eliminating them. Graphic and photo applications will explain how to properly configure pumping equipment.
A ready-made pumping station, equipped by the manufacturer, is a mechanism for forced water supply. Its operation scheme is extremely simple.
The pump pumps water into an elastic container located inside a hydraulic accumulator, also called a hydraulic tank. When filled with water, it stretches and puts pressure on the part of the hydraulic tank that is filled with air or gas. The pressure, reaching a certain level, causes the pump to turn off.
During water intake, the pressure in the system drops, and at a certain moment, when the values set by the owner are reached, the pump starts working again. A relay is responsible for turning the device off and on; the pressure level is controlled using a pressure gauge.
Malfunctions in the operation of a household pumping station can cause breakdowns of plumbing equipment
Our recommended article will introduce you in more detail to the principle of operation, types and installation schemes proven in practice.
Causes of hardware problems
Statistics of malfunctions in the operation of household pumping stations indicate that most often problems arise due to a violation of the integrity of the membrane, pipeline, water or air leakage, as well as due to various contaminants in the system.
The need to intervene in its work may arise for many reasons:
- Sand and various substances, dissolved in water, can cause corrosion, lead to malfunctions and reduced equipment performance. To prevent clogging of the device, it is necessary to use filters that purify the water.
- Decline air pressure in the station causes frequent operation of the pump and its premature wear. It is recommended to measure the air pressure from time to time and adjust it if necessary.
- The lack of tightness of the joints of the suction pipeline is the reason that the engine runs without turning off, but cannot pump liquid.
- Incorrect adjustment of the pressure of the pumping station can also cause inconvenience and even breakdowns in the system.
To extend the life of the station, it is recommended to carry out periodic inspections. Any adjustment work must begin by disconnecting from the power supply and draining the water.
Energy consumption and maximum pressure should be checked periodically. An increase in energy consumption indicates friction in the pump. If the pressure drops without any leaks detected in the system, then the equipment is worn out
Correction of errors in operation
Before proceeding with more serious intervention in the operation of the equipment, it is necessary to take the simplest measures - clean the filters, eliminate leaks. If they do not produce results, then proceed to further steps, trying to identify the root cause.
The next thing you need to do is adjust the pressure in the accumulator tank and.
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- This is the central element in the water pump. The efficiency of the entire system depends on its correct functioning. This important element performs several tasks at once. First of all, it regulates the water supply. Feed parameters are set before use and changed as necessary during operation. Proper adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump ensures safe and high-quality operation of the entire water supply system. We will talk about the correct setup and nuances of selection and installation in this review.
Read in the article:
Selecting the correct connection diagram for the water pressure switch for the pump
First, it’s worth understanding what the plumbing system consists of:
- its first part is the water intake point. She may be water pipe, or well;
- pressure switch;
- water purification system. Usually it consists of several containers;
- water tap for which comfortable water pressure is provided.
First of all, it’s worth understanding what kind of pressure the residents of the house need. It is also important to find out the water pressure at the water intake point. This point is important because at a pressure below 1.4 atm, water is not drawn due to the relay being turned off. Such problems can also arise if you use a city water supply, because the water pressure in it is not always more than 1.0 atm. When drawing water from a well, these difficulties will not arise, and the water supply pressure will depend only on technical characteristics
pump It can be seen that each relay has its own setting option; it is usually described in detail in the instructions for a specific device model. All types of relays have general purpose
and mechanism of action.
Manufacturer selection Available on the market a large number of different models
| devices. They differ in price, appearance and have slightly different characteristics. | Image | Manufacturer and model | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Cost, rub. Pressure range 1.0 – 4.5 atm. Voltage 220 – 230 V, 50 Hz | 900 | |
 | Maximum rated power HP 2 | Pressure switch PM 1 15, Grundfos Operating temperature from 0° to 40° The pump starts at a pressure of 1.5 bar and runs as long as there is flow. | 5 655 |
 | Dry running protection | Mains voltage - 230 V, 50 Hz. The maximum switching current is 12A. Working pressure - 5 bar Power - 1500 W. | 467 |
 | Pressure switch PA 5 1-5 bar, WATTS | Pressures from 1 to 5 bar. Pressure drop 0.5 – 2.5 bar. Current strength 16 A. Maximum temperature Coolant 90° Indoors 55° | 997 |
Installation and connection
Connecting any mechanism begins with preparatory stage. First you need to choose the location for installing the relay. According to knowledgeable people, the device should be installed directly next to the pump outlet. In this place, turbulence and pressure differences are remarkably leveled out. Before choosing a location, it is imperative to familiarize yourself with the operating conditions of the selected device, because some of them can only be used in heated rooms.
The next stage of preparation will be the selection of the necessary pressure thresholds:
- Minimum – determines at what pressure the pump starts operating.
- Maximum – controls the moment the pumps stop working.
- The difference between these two values is called the pressure range. This indicator is directly proportional to the frequency of pump activation.
Important! It should be noted that the minimum pressure value should be 0.2 atm higher than the pressure of the pump accumulator chamber.
The third point of preparation is the registration of parameters. On household appliance this process will not cause difficulties, since it is adjusted using a pair of springs, which in turn are regulated by threaded regulators. The relay has two springs:
- a large spring serves to control the upper pressure limit;
- small – determines the pressure difference.
During preparation, several more devices are installed: shut-off valve, valves (return and breakdown), and sewer drain. Installation should be carried out by professionals or people who at least have an idea of the operating principle and installation rules of such devices.
- Installation (and then adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump) must be carried out exactly as written in the instructions:
- First, a tee is installed at the selected location on the pipe, to which a drain valve or fitting connected to the water pressure switch is attached. During installation use threaded connection
- , which should be properly sealed using FUM tape.
- Electricity is connected using a cable. Its cross-section must match the requirements of the device, depending on the power.
- The kit sometimes includes a grounding terminal. If available, a grounding cable must be installed.
Should we consider electronic analogues?
Mechanical devices, of course, are more popular, but electronic models have some undeniable advantages:
- Constantly adjusting the pressure switch for the pump by tightening the springs is a thing of the past. The electronic version does not require long setup after installation.
- It will be very easy to install. Any person without special education or special skills can cope with this task.
- The service life is practically no different from conventional mechanics.
Prices electronic relays water pressure for the pump can range from two to four thousand rubles. It depends on the manufacturer, the materials used in production and the store selling it. If you spend some time searching for the right device, you can buy a quality unit at a fair price. If you are purchasing it for long-term use, saving on it is not the best option.
“It would be much better to spend money on a slightly higher-quality model than to constantly change cheap devices that break.”
How to configure the pressure switch of a pumping station
Owners of private houses understand that if the relay malfunctions, the entire system may malfunction. The stability of the entire system, and therefore the comfort of all residents of the house, depends on the correct adjustment of the water pressure switch of a household water supply station.
Setting up the relay should begin with checking the indicators established at the factory. Typically, the minimum pressure level is 1.5 atm, and the maximum is 2.5 atm. The check is carried out using a pressure gauge. At this point, it is necessary to turn off the pump and ensure that the tank is empty. To measure pressure, a pressure gauge is attached to an empty tank and readings are taken from it.
“This check can be avoided by purchasing a ready-made unit. But if you purchase all the components separately, you will have to carry out the first adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pumping station.”
Procedure for adjusting the water pressure switch for the pump
Like any other, this device allows you to supply water to home plumbing with the same pressure. This device is activated after the pressure indicator specified by the setting is reached. At the factory, of course, they set the basic indicators, but most often they are not enough to ensure comfortable pressure, so after the purchase you will have to set your own parameters.
Specialists, of course, will do everything efficiently and well, but sometimes it is better to understand an important issue on your own.
Adjusting the pressure switch RDM-5: brief instructions
- To correctly adjust the water pressure switch for the pump, you should follow a simple algorithm:
- Fill the tank with water until the required maximum value appears on the pressure gauge.
- Disable for a while.
- Open the housing and gain access to the adjustment springs. You will have to carefully rotate the small nut. At some point the mechanism will work. As you rotate counterclockwise, the pressure level decreases. When rotated clockwise, it increases.
- The lower limit is set by opening the tap and slowly draining the water from the tank.
- When the pressure gauge readings are correct, the process is stopped.
A large nut is used to adjust the lower parameters. When you rotate it, you will also have to wait for the contacts to respond.
Important! This action should be performed once a month, but this is ideal. It is advisable to conduct it at least once per quarter. A small difference between the pressure limits obliges the pumping station to operate with a high frequency of turning on and off the pumps. This mode of operation allows you to ensure an uninterrupted supply of water to the tap and at the same time its pressure always remains at approximately the same level, but this will affect the durability of the operation.