How to grow Turkish cloves from seeds. Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases

In most of our gardens you can find bright, multi-colored, patterned abundantly blooming flower– Turkish cloves (Dianthus barbatus). Its neat variegated bushes look especially impressive on lawn compositions in combination with ornamental grass or other types of Turkish cloves themselves.

Did you know? Turkish cloves are not only beautiful to look at, but also have an alluring, subtle, spicy scent.

A little about Turkish cloves

The Turkish carnation has the following description: it is an ornamental biennial or perennial flower with densely flowering spherical inflorescences of various shades. The petals are delicate and can be single or double. The color of the petals is very diverse - there are monochromatic types, and there are those combining 3-4 shades. The color of the inflorescences is white, pink-white, raspberry-red, white-dark pink, white-gray-pink, white-violet, raspberry-white, red-burgundy, purple-white, burgundy-black, etc.

Important! The Turkish carnation blooms in full force only in the second year after planting. In the first year, the plant takes root and grows basal foliage.

Leaves– narrow, long, lanceolate, with a characteristic green-blue tint. Stem- erect, strong, with fine knobbiness. In terms of height, the Turkish carnation can be short - up to 14-15 cm in height, and tall - 45-55 cm and even up to 65-70 cm in height.

Choosing a place to grow Turkish cloves

The plant is unpretentious and does not require any specific growing conditions. Turkish cloves are equally suitable for growing in the garden, in a flower bed or in a large open flower bed. The only thing is that the flower does not like strong sun, and it is recommended to plant it so that in the afternoon the plant is in partial shade. Although in our climate, Turkish carnation grows well and tolerates summer heat and direct sunlight quite well. It is advisable to plant the plant at some elevation, in an area where rainwater will not stagnate.

Preparing the soil before planting

Turkish carnation is one of the few flowers for which the soil, or rather its composition, does not matter much. But it loves sandy and sandy loam soils with slightly alkaline or neutral acidity. It is better, of course, if the soil is fertile, but if not, you can additionally fertilize it with organic matter or mineral fertilizers. The main thing is that the soil is well drained and there is no stagnation of water. 2-3 weeks before sowing, dig up the area to a depth of 20-25 cm, and then carefully level it. If necessary, fertilizers are added when digging - this can be either mineral fertilizers, compost, humus, or wood ash.

Sowing Turkish clove seeds in open ground

There are two periods when you can sow Turkish cloves in open ground – early spring and mid-autumn. Before spring planting seeds, usually mid to late April, the soil is loosened and moistened. Lay grooves 1-1.5 cm deep, water the depressions with water, sow seeds, sprinkle with soil and water with a watering can with a sprayer. Or they water the seeds themselves in the hole, sprinkle them, but do not water them, but cover them with thick cloth or film until germination begins. The distance between seeds is 1.5-2 cm, the row spacing is at least 13-15 cm.

How to plant Turkish clove seeds – should you soak them or not? Before planting, the seeds can be soaked in water at room temperature for several hours, but you don’t have to do this. If you did soak them, then after draining the water, you need to lightly dry the seeds with a towel or napkin so that they do not stick together when sowing. In winter, the plant is sown in late September - early October.

Important! Turkish cloves, when grown from seeds in the fall, have one peculiarity - neither the seeds nor the soil are moistened with water. Sow the seeds completely without watering in dry soil.

For winter insulation, autumn crops are covered with spruce branches, straw, hay, which are removed in the spring.

Combination with other plants

Turkish carnation goes well with almost all perennial unpretentious flowers and herbs. Suitable for alpine slides, outdoor flowerpots, creating multi-color complex compositions in gardens and flower beds, decorating verandas and balconies. Looks great in a bouquet and is often used as a vase flower.

Did you know? Turkish carnation blooms for a long time - it decorates a garden or flowerbed for up to 28-30 days.

Caring for Turkish Carnation

Turkish carnation is not capricious, hardy, and caring for it is, in general, simple - picking, weeding, proper watering. After sowing, germination occurs within 10-14 days. After 3 weeks, the grown seedlings dive (in the evening), leaving a distance between them of no more than 5-7 cm. After slightly moistening the soil, you can again cover the sprouts with film or cloth for several days. After sowing the seeds and before germination, the soil should be constantly moist. Next, water the seedlings as the soil dries.

Watering, weeding and loosening the soil

Water the plant only as needed. Both young crops of Turkish cloves and adult plants get sick and die from constant dampness.

Important! Excess moisture is detrimental to a growing and mature plant. Watering Turkish cloves should always be moderate.

Weeding is done if necessary, removing weeds and carrying out shallow loosening of the soil. They also loosen the soil after each watering and fertilizing.

When and how to fertilize

Fertilizing Turkish carnations is carried out to accelerate growth and friendly, abundant flowering. You can begin to fertilize sprouts that have reached a height of 8-10 cm. For this, use superphosphate, potassium sulfate or universal fertilizers for flowering plants. Feed the Turkish carnation again at the very beginning of flowering when the buds appear. Dosages of all nutritional medications are according to their instructions.

Shelter for the winter

After the plant has flowered, it is pruned - the inflorescences are cut off and the bush itself is shortened a little (by 5-7 cm). And in the fall, before the onset of frost, they are covered with spruce branches or sprinkled with peat, hay, and straw for insulation.

Did you know? Popular varieties of Turkish carnations are “Scarlet Beauty”, “Black”, “White Queen”, “Bayer”, “Diabunda-F1”, “Indian Carpet”, “Summer Fantasy”, “Nigricans”, “Noverna F1”, “Noverna -Clown-F1", "Little Willie", "Egyptian", "Mirage", "Ondine", "Dynasty-F1", "Purple Mountain", "Color Pattern".

Diseases and pests of Turkish cloves

Turkish cloves, like any other plant, are susceptible to some pests and diseases. Main enemy- This is root rot (fusarium), which occurs due to damp soil. If the plant is sick, it is uprooted and burned, and the area is treated with a garden fungicide disinfectant. There is also one like this fungal disease Turkish carnation as heterosporiosis - gray-red spotted lesions on leaves. At the first signs, diseased plants are destroyed, and healthy ones are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture,

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The genus of Turkish carnation comes from Southern Europe. You can meet her in forests, on rocks and sands. Today it is planted in flowerbeds, borders and used as ground cover.

Turkish carnation is a perennial, has straight stems, the height of which is about half a meter, green leaves, a large number of fragrant flowers in a circumference of up to 3 cm, with a variety of shades - from light white to rich red. The inflorescences bloom in the second year of life and bloom for only a month. In the first year of life, only leaves form in the carnation. Cut flowers will last in water for about two weeks.

We will figure out when to plant Turkish cloves and how exactly the process of growing from seeds goes.

To grow Turkish cloves, you need to prepare the soil. Plant directly into the soil with seeds in early summer or make seedlings in mid-spring. Before planting, prepare the soil. Two weeks before planting, dig up the soil to a depth of no more than 25 cm. After loosening and watering, you need to cover it with film. After two weeks, it is removed and the seeds are planted.

Carnations can be planted for the winter, in mid-autumn. The seeds must be dried, because the first frost will spoil the seeds. Although cloves are resistant to cold, it still doesn’t hurt to fertilize the soil with peat or humus. When to plant? In early spring: when the ground is bare of snow, it is necessary to shelter the carnation from the sun, create shade until it begins to grow.

Most varieties of carnations love the sun, but they also grow well in the shade. If flowers grow in the sun, they will be much more beautiful and brighter, but the flowering time will be shorter. Cloves love slightly alkaline, fertilized soil. Too much water can be detrimental to flowers; you should try to avoid places where groundwater flows nearby.

Its seeds can be sown directly in the flowerbed. At the end of spring - beginning of summer, the earth warms up and there is no threat of frost. You need to choose an area well lit by the sun, where the soil is fertile, or preferably sandy or clayey. Make grooves about a centimeter deep in the dug up soil, water it with water and scatter the seeds at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. After this, the soil needs to be slightly compacted and covered.

To plant carnations in open ground, you can also prepare seedlings. They make it from seeds in the following way. To do this, they are sown in prepared soil made of humus and sand, they are taken in the same ratio. The seeds are covered with soil, sprayed with a spray bottle, and covered with agro-cloth to prevent the soil from drying out. When the shoots have already appeared, the fabric can be removed. When 2-3 leaves appear, the seedlings are picked and transplanted into separate containers. A week later they are fed with fertilizers. They are planted in open soil at a distance of 20 cm from each other; the soil in the planting areas must be mulched.

You need to care for carnations in the same way as any garden flowers. It needs feeding, weeding and watering. Turkish carnation does not like a lot of water, so water it at the root when the soil is too dry. The first time you need to feed it is when the flower has grown to a height of 10 cm. Fertilize with mineral fertilizers and nitrophoska (add one tablespoon of nitrophoska per 10 liters of water). The second time you need to feed it, when the inflorescences appear, with superphosphate and potassium sulfate. They feed the third time when the carnation is in bloom. It is recommended to use liquid fertilizer.

If you want to propagate some kind of carnation, you can do it as follows:

• shoots are tilted to the ground, secured and sprinkled with earth;
• the stem is tied to a peg so that it is positioned vertically;
• in a couple of weeks the flower will produce additional shoots;
• when shade comes, the shoots are cut off and planted;
• Propagation can also be done by cuttings.

When the cloves are watered and fertilized, the soil must then be loosened so that the moisture evaporates more slowly. Remove weeds in a timely manner and cut dried stems to a height of 15 cm from the ground. A month later, new shoots appear, and in the fall the carnation blooms again. Turkish carnation tolerates frost normally, but it does this better under a layer of peat fertilizer. If grown correctly, the perennial will live up to six years, but with less than good care, it will live only up to three years.

Turkish carnation can easily grow on your windowsill without special conditions content. Room temperature should be about 18 degrees. Choose fertile soil for cloves, for example, you can mix leaf soil, sand, peat and turf soil. For getting lush bush The cloves need to be pinched when at least six pairs of leaves have appeared. You should not spare water; make sure that the soil is not dry. It is not advisable to use hard water. When it is very hot in summer, it needs to be sprayed.

Because of easy care Carnations can be planted anywhere in the garden. It's nice to decorate with it alpine coaster, surround long stems of perennials or plant in a pattern.

Turkish carnation is loved by many gardeners - it is unpretentious, beautiful and exudes an intoxicating aroma. It is grown as a biennial - in the first year a lush rosette of basal leaves is formed, in the second year flowering begins, it lasts a month or more (June-July). Being a short-lived perennial, already in the third year the bushes lose their decorative effect or even die. But every summer you can admire a charming plant called Turkish Carnation. Growing from seeds is the main way of propagating it; it will help fulfill your desire.

DESCRIPTION OF TURKISH CLOVE

Turkish carnation (Dianthus barbatus) is one of the species of the genus Carnation. Less commonly referred to as bearded carnation, for the British this species is better known as Sweet William - the flowers are really sweet and edible. Growing in the mountainous south of Europe and partly in Asia, the plant was cultivated by man many centuries ago. It gained its greatest popularity in Europe in the 16th century. Turkish carnation has long spread to many countries of both hemispheres as a garden plant, and in some of them it has settled in wildlife. Its habitat is a temperate climate zone. Cultivars and garden forms superior to wild relatives in decorativeness and diversity.

The herbaceous plant consists of a knotty stem, blue-green or green linear-lanceolate leaves and many flowers collected in corymbose/cap-shaped inflorescences, the diameter of which is about 10 cm. The flowers themselves consist of five petals, fragrant, small - 1.5-3 cm in diameter, but up to 30 of them can bloom at the same time! On one plant you can observe several inflorescences at once; this carnation looks like a small bush.

It's not just the variety that pleases color range this type, but also different shape flowers - they can be simple or double. There are monochromatic inflorescences and varieties with variegated flowers, when the core is painted one color, and the edges of the flower have a different shade. It can be burgundy, white, pink, dark red or another color. Modern varieties sometimes painted wine-black or purple, there are delicate lilac shades. Multi-colored strokes, spots, patterns in the form of eyes, and borders are often applied to the surface of the petals. Probably, the bright color and pattern of the petals, which evokes an association with Turkish ornaments and carpets, is why this type of carnation was called Turkish. Some of its varieties also have burgundy leaves.

Based on the height of the stems, Turkish cloves are divided into low- and tall-growing. In the first group, plants are from 15 to 35 cm, in the second - up to 90 cm.

VARIETIES OF TURKISH CLOVES

Growing from seeds begins with choosing the variety you like. Often they are combined into series with similar characteristics of plants, differing in the color of the flowers.

Macarena F1– a popular mixture of Turkish cloves. Double flowers have pink, fuchsia, burgundy, white colors and velvety petals. Flowers collected in dense inflorescences have a contrasting core and border. Strong stems up to 70 cm high allow the plants to be used not only in flower beds and containers, but also for cutting.

Little Willie- a low-growing Turkish carnation 20 cm high. It forms multiple inflorescences with a diameter of 10 - 12 cm. There are varieties with red, burgundy, pink and white flowers. They seem to be painted with borders, strokes and dots, or trimmed with skirts. Plants are used as ground cover or balcony, as well as in rock gardens and for small fragrant bouquets.

Dynasty F1 – double flowers collected in spherical inflorescences. The series contains white, pink, pink with a border, scarlet, purple, and burgundy coloring of inflorescences. Low-growing bushes up to 40 cm in height have well-branched, strong stems. Very winter hardy. When grown from seeds in early spring blooms in the year of sowing.

Novern F1– spherical inflorescences of original-shaped flowers of the brightest and most unusual colors. Height 50 cm, inflorescence diameter up to 11 cm.

Egyptian– the color of the very fragrant inflorescences is striking, dark burgundy, the flowers are edged with a white border and rise on 60-centimeter peduncles. Flowering lasts for 2 months. Narrow burgundy leaves also serve as decoration. The variety can be used for commercial cultivation.

Undine- unusual purple color of flowers with a white core and white border.

Duplex- variegated inflorescences of delicate white-pink flowers.

Nigricans- dark burgundy, almost black carnation with a barely visible edging of the core. The leaves change color from green to burgundy.

Purple Mountain– inflorescences of a rare purple color

Noverna Clown F1– each inflorescence of this Turkish carnation contains flowers of different colors in light and pure tones: white, scarlet, fuchsia, pink. They seem to radiate light and joy, giving a positive mood. The bushes are compact, with many inflorescences, good for flower pots and balcony boxes, flower beds and rock gardens.

Black– in a series of plants with wine-burgundy-black flowers, the leaves can also be burgundy. Blooms in the year of sowing! With direct sowing in the ground in April-May, flowering begins in July; when growing seedlings from seeds, sowing is carried out in March-April, then flowering of this Turkish carnation begins in June. Plants are 50-90 cm high.

Diabunda F1- a low-growing hybrid of Chinese and Turkish carnations. There are six different colors in the series. Flowering is very early, abundant and long lasting. Often used for growing seedlings for sale.

The domestic seed market also offers wonderful varieties Summer Fantasy, Indian Carpet, Beauty of the East, Colored Pattern, White Queen, Scarlet Beauty, the Turkish Carnation series Mirage, Bayerre and others.

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GROWING FROM SEEDS

Turkish carnation loves light sandy and loamy soil of neutral or slightly alkaline acidity, well drained. It is preferable to place it on sunny place or in partial shade. It is in such conditions that a growing bed should be formed, and later choose permanent place growth.

Seeds are sown from early June to late July. At this time, the main sowing work in the garden has already been completed, and there is time to start working on flowers. For planting, you can use the place where early greenery grew before, and at the end of the summer season or in the spring, plant seedlings in the place of future flowering.

The seeds are placed in moist grooves, the depth of which is 0.5-1 cm, and sprinkled with a thin layer of soil. The distance between the rows is 15 cm. The crops are watered from a watering can. To improve the quality of seed germination, it is better to cover this area with non-woven covering material.

On the eighth – tenth day, shoots will appear. Then the cover needs to be removed or thrown over the arches so as not to damage the seedlings. In such conditions, soil moisture is better retained. Growing Turkish cloves from seeds without shelter will require more frequent watering. To avoid an earthen crust, you can sprinkle a little peat on top of the furrows.

After about 20-30 days, the excess plants are weeded out, and a distance of 5-10 cm is maintained between the remaining ones, depending on the height of the variety. After some time, the grown seedlings are again pulled apart at a distance of up to 20 cm. Approximately once every 14 days, the seedlings are watered with soluble complex fertilizer for flowers or a weak solution of nitrophoska (1 tbsp per 10 liters of water).

PLANTING TURKISH CLOVES

In 1.5 - 2 months after sowing the seeds, the plants have time to form well, and in August it is possible to plant Turkish cloves in a permanent place according to the 20x30-35 pattern. Then the plants take root well before frost. The transplant is carried out with a clod of earth, then watered well, and in sunny, hot weather, shaded temporarily. The place for planting Turkish cloves is first dug up, compost or humus, ash or mineral fertilizer is added to the soil according to the instructions.

In the photo: Why is the Turkish carnation bearded?

Since August, Turkish cloves have not been fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. You can use an infusion of ash or mineral fertilizers, putting 1 tbsp in a 10-liter bucket of water. l. potassium sulfate and crushed double superphosphate. This solution promotes better wintering. The first feeding can be done a week after transplantation. Planting Turkish carnations in a permanent place is also possible in the spring. If you have cold and little snow winters or a non-frost-resistant variety, insulate root system peat and cover the plant with spruce branches. In the regions middle zone and further south, Turkish carnation usually tolerates winter well without shelter.

TURKISH CLOVE – CARE FOR THE SECOND YEAR

Growing from seeds makes it possible to see Turkish cloves in all their glory only in the second year. For this, the plants will require little care. Of course, this means periodic evening watering in hot weather, even though the plant is considered drought-resistant. Afterwards, in the morning they loosen the soil and remove weeds. Fertilizing, which the Turkish carnation loves, has a beneficial effect.

Plant care also involves preventing and combating diseases, the most common of which is fusarium wilt. To protect yourself from troubles, do not allow water to stagnate at the roots, this can lead to rotting of them and the rosette. If infection occurs, remove diseased plants to prevent damage to others. Preventative treatment fungicides, for example Fitosporin, will help prevent the spread of fungal infections.

Removing faded buds will help preserve the planting longer Turkish cloves decorative and will prolong flowering. You can leave the inflorescences for the seeds to ripen in order to sow the cloves again, but you should not do this with hybrids - the seeds will not transfer the properties mother plant. Hybrids are best propagated by cuttings or purchased seeds.

PROPAGATION OF TURKISH CLOVES BY CUTTINGS AND LAYINGS

Cuttings are taken from two-year-old plants in June and planted slightly obliquely in loose, moist soil in the shade. You can plant it in a greenhouse and shade it. When, after approximately 3 weeks, the carnation begins to grow, we can assume that rooting has occurred successfully. Planting cuttings of Turkish carnation in a permanent place is carried out in August, flowering occurs the following summer.

You can propagate Turkish cloves by layering. In this case, the characteristics of the mother plant are also preserved. To do this, the stems of 2-year-old carnations need to be spread around the bush in mid-June, secured if necessary and sprinkled with damp soil. Top part the stem should be in an upright position. To do this, the tips of the shoots need to be tied to a support. After 1 - 1.5 months, rooting will occur. Then the cuttings need to be planted in a permanent place.

Dense bushes of Turkish carnation successfully reproduce by division.

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A FEW TIPS

At the beginning, cultivation from Turkish clove seeds can be done in seedling containers. This is justified if there are not so many seeds for propagation. Using a good substrate, you will avoid weeds and save every seed - it will grow into a beautiful fragrant flower. Plant seedlings with 2-3 leaves in cups or on a growing bed. Further care for Turkish cloves will be simple (see above).

Turkish cloves are frost-resistant. Therefore, it is possible to plant dry seeds before winter in October in frozen furrows. The crops are sprinkled with loose, unfrozen soil and mulched with peat. In spring, the mulch is removed. Shoots appear in moist, warm soil.

If you start growing Turkish carnation from seeds in an apartment or greenhouse in March-April, the plants will bloom in the year of sowing in June-August. Seeds will need a temperature of +18-22 °C for germination, and for seedlings, so as not to stretch out and bush, the best temperature will be +17-18 °C.

By cutting off the faded plants, you can wait for the Turkish carnation to bloom again in August-September, although not as spectacular as in early summer.

Don't be discouraged if you don't have time to update your plantings every year. In the far corner of the garden, the Turkish carnation will reproduce by self-sowing, and its few inflorescences in this case will delight you.

Planting Turkish carnations does not have to be done in a flower bed. Low growing varieties will fit well into a rock garden or rock garden, as ground cover plant will decorate an inconspicuous area in the garden, planted in flowerpots or boxes will fill your balcony, terrace or patio. Tall Turkish carnations are beautiful in borders, ridges, planted in a group against the background of a lawn or among shrubs. Both fit well in gardens natural style. The aroma and color of flowers attracts butterflies, bumblebees, and some birds.

Cut several plants for a bouquet - wonderful cut flowers last up to two weeks. This property is often used by florists.

This is what it is - a Turkish carnation, planting and caring for which even novice flower growers can do. In response to your care, she will give you rich colors and an amazing fragrance!

The Turkish carnation flower is a long-time favorite of gardeners. Cold-resistant, not picky, grows well in the shade and is easy to care for. With all this, the main advantage of this flower is its inflorescences of a wide variety of shades.

Turkish carnation blooms early. But here everything depends only on the grower: whether he grew Turkish carnations from seeds himself or whether he will plant ready-made seedlings.

Turkish carnation flower: growing in open ground

Seeds are sown in open ground at the end of May or early autumn. First you need to prepare the soil for planting.

There are several rules, the observance of which guarantees successful germination:

• Choose a sunny or semi-shaded area with good fertile soil, rich in minerals.
• In two weeks, we dig up the soil, loosen it and cover it with film.
• Sowing is best done in cool weather.
• We make grooves for future seedlings. If there are several of them, try to leave a gap of 15 cm between them.
• We sow the seeds in the prepared furrows and lightly dust them with soil so that the wind and birds cannot reach them.
• When planting, it is important to maintain a distance between seeds - 2-3 cm, depth - 1 cm.
• Lightly moisten the soil with a spray bottle and cover with non-woven material.

When planting in the autumn, make sure that both the seeds and planting furrows are dry, otherwise the Turkish beauty will die at the first frost.

The first shoots will appear on the tenth day after planting. And after another 10-15 days, young flowers can be swooped into a new place. Do not forget to cover the seedlings until they gain strength.

Turkish carnation seedlings find their final place of residence in August. It is then that the already grown young animals are transplanted to a permanent site, where they will grow.

Turkish cloves: growing from seedlings

Seedlings should be started in March. This is the only way you will have time to plant it in open ground in time.

For planting, you can use a ready-made soil mixture for seedlings, but it is better to prepare it yourself. To do this, it will be necessary to mix peat, river sand and turf soil in a ratio of 2:1:2.

• We steam the soil, prepare high-quality drainage, and take care of holes in the bottom of the planting container.
• Having slightly moistened the soil, we begin to sow the seeds, which we then sprinkle with a small amount of sand.
• We cover the planted material with film and grow it at a temperature of 18 degrees.
• Seeds should be watered as sparingly as possible.

At correct landing The first shoots will not take long to appear.

As soon as the seeds sprout, you need to move them to a place with a cooler climate. So that the temperature is approximately 12 degrees. If possible, provide the seedlings with an additional light source until the end of March.

As soon as the first leaves appear, you can plant the young plants one at a time into separate pots.

Seedlings are planted in open ground at the end of May.

Video: Turkish carnation flower, growing from seeds. When to plant?

Grow flowers with love. Already in the summer they will reciprocate your feelings.