Wood splitter: selection and production of a homemade one, based on the need for firewood and operating mode. Do-it-yourself wood splitter How to make a hydraulic wood splitter

Hello everyone, in this instruction we will look at how to make a simple and powerful hydraulic wood splitter with your own hands. The author used as the main working unit, which is operated manually by human power. Due to the design features, the wood splitter works rather slowly, but such a homemade product is still useful. With the help of such a wood splitter you can easily split even the most problematic logs that have many knots.

Also, if you wish, you can upgrade the design by installing an electric motor on it, which will drive hydraulic jack. As a result, the system will be able to operate by pressing a button. So, let's look in more detail at how you can make such a wood splitter.

I welcome everyone to our dacha blog site and today we will continue the series of articles devoted to wood splitters, we will consider their manufacturing features and the possibilities of modifying the models.

So, today we’ll look at a hydraulic wood splitter with detailed diagrams and drawings, which was kindly provided to us by the Ukrainian inventor and Svyatoslav, who has been developing such devices for many years both for personal use and for sale. First, watch the video of this device in action:

Do-it-yourself hydraulic cleaver for firewood, video:

Hydraulic log splitter review

Firewood splitters of the GT-5 series are intended, first of all, for the preparation of firewood in small volumes, namely: for households, small businesses, institutions, gardens, schools and the like. The productivity of these machines allows chopping up to 20-30 m3/day.

Hydraulic wood splitters of this series are available in two versions:

• GT-5E - with electric drive,
• GT-5D - driven by a diesel engine.

Model of cleavers with a hydraulic splitting mechanism GT-5E It is advisable to use it in cases where there is no need to move the splitting ax over long distances, that is, when it is used within one territory (yard) and there is the possibility of connecting to the power grid at several points in this territory or the presence of an extension cord. Hydraulic wood splitter GT-5E in electric version requires connection to a three-phase network. It is three-phase motors that allow, with low power, to obtain high speed movement of the pushing piston with a significant tingling force, which in turn ensures high performance indicators.

Hydrosplitting model GT-5D specially designed to work in places where it is not possible to connect to the electrical network. It is for this purpose that the wood splitter is created in the form of a trailer for for a passenger car. A torsion wheel axle and a hitch with a support wheel make it easy to deliver and place your wood splitter anywhere you plan to harvest firewood. Reliable diesel engine with 12 hp power. provides high performance with low consumption diesel fuel. Also, with such a machine you can easily provide firewood collection services.

When designing the GT-5 series log splitter, special attention was paid to the aspects of maximum reliability and minimization of maintenance. We understand that our hydraulic splitters are mainly used in the private sector, where the possibility of qualified maintenance or repair is practically absent. Very simple design hydraulic axes and at the same time the use quality materials and advanced welding technology, minimizes the possibility of breakdowns.

Appearance of a ready-made hydraulic splitter

A complete description of the process of making a cleaver with your own hands:

• The frame of the cleaver is made of a round pipe Ø102x6.

It has sufficient strength to withstand the loads from the hydraulic cylinder and sufficient rigidity to avoid deformation during operation. The frame consists of two parts.

The horizontal, long, pipe is the main part. The guides of the pushing piston, the knife, the engine and the support stand are attached to it. The pump intake flange is also welded into the rear part of the pipe.

The vertical, short, tube acts as a hydraulic cylinder bracket, filler neck and installation window, through which the hydraulic pump is attached.

Both parts are welded together with a hermetically sealed seam, because our frame simultaneously serves as a hydraulic tank with a capacity of approximately 10 liters. This gives us the opportunity to save on making a special separate container for the oil and ensure good cooling, since the running engine directs the air flow from its own cooling along our tank pipe. It is very important to ensure the internal cleanliness of the tank since the system does not use a hydraulic filter. To drain the oil, a welded adapter for the drain hose is welded into the frame from below. Height support post designed in such a way that the operator does not bend over while working and, accordingly, gets less tired.

• The pushing piston is made of 10 mm thick sheet steel.

On the back side of the working plate, two plates with holes for attaching the hydraulic cylinder rod are welded. In its lower part there are two pockets, the inner surfaces of which are covered with anti-friction plastic. By using plastic for the push piston guides, we significantly increase the service life of the guides and reduce the negative friction force.

• The knife for a hydraulic wood splitter is the main working part of the wood splitter, which plays a major role in the piercing process and takes the greatest load.

The forces that act on it try to bend it, erase it, blunt it, in a word, break it. Therefore, this is the part of the hydraulic splitter that requires the most attention during design.

Both the quality of the split firewood and the load on all working parts of the machine depend on the shape of the knife. After all hydraulic log splitter knives, according to their purpose, should split the log along the fibers, and not cut these fibers at an angle or even across. A knife of the correct shape, cutting literally a few millimeters between the fibers, leads to splitting of the wood. Further movement of the log by the pushing piston through the knife blades should occur with virtually no resistance. If the shape of the knife is not perfect, then this leads to the fact that when passing through the blades of the knife the log changes direction of movement, as a result we get a lot of shavings (waste in the form of numerous chips and debris), as well as significant loads on the hydraulic log splitter knife and other elements of the mechanism. Even if the knives have perfect shape, not every log that we are going to split has an ideal grain direction for splitting. Basically, these are logs with knots or defects, which will one way or another lead to the above-mentioned loss of effort for cutting fibers at an angle, large quantity chips, unwanted loads on the parts of the hydraulic splitter, and so on.

But not everything is as bad as it looks! The crackling sounds produced by the tingling of logs with knots are an excellent material for ignition. All elements of the hydraulic splitter, as mentioned above, are adapted to heavy loads. It is able to perfectly split a log without knots, and also flawlessly withstand the extreme loads that arise when splitting logs with heavy knots, while ensuring the high-quality shape of the resulting firewood.

All this becomes possible thanks to the use of steel with extraordinary capabilities for making a knife. The wear-resistant Hardox 450 steel allows us to produce a hydrosplitting knife that can be guaranteed for life. Wood splitter blades made from Hardox 450 steel will NOT bend, break, wear off or become dull. Requiring no special preparation or heat treatment, this steel is excellent in welding and machining.

A few words about the main purchased components:

• electric motor 3-phase, 4 kW / 1500 rpm. (Belarus)
• six-part hydraulic pump GP-2K10L (Ukraine)
• hydraulic cylinder: piston Ø63, rod Ø40, stroke 400 mm (Ukraine)
• hydraulic distributor P40 (Italy)
• sleeves high pressure: pressure DN8, drain DN12 (Poland)
• oil 10W40
• motor protection circuit breaker 25 A (Germany)
• wheels 200x50, load capacity 200 kg

If you wish, you can find analogues of these components to make a hydraulic splitter.

Specifications:

• productivity up to 30 m3/day
• electricity consumption 1.2 ÷ 1.5 kW ∙ h
• optimal log diameter 250 mm *
• optimal log length 330 mm (max. 390 mm)
• cycle time (stroke + return) 8 sec
• effort tingling 9 tons
• weight 135 kg

Drawings for making a hydro cleaver with your own hands:

You can watch video instructions on how to make a hydraulic wood splitter with your own hands at the end of our article. Let's start with theoretical, basic information that will help you in self-production this is useful for dacha work tool.

A hydraulic wood splitter greatly facilitates the work of a summer resident when preparing fuel for the winter. Automatic system tool allows without special effort break stumps into logs of any type of wood.

A wood splitter increases the pace, saves energy and saves your back: if a person is able to manually break up to three cubes per day, even homemade wood splitter will increase this figure tenfold.

Design and principle of operation

The improvised version is powered by electricity or motor. It depends only on the mechanism available on the farm. Electric motors, tractors, motors - everything goes into action.

The automatic cleaver consists of:

1. Beds.
2. Uporov.
3. Cylinder.
4. One or more blades.
5. Pump.
6. Pressure distributor.
7. Tank for oil liquid.
8. An electric motor that powers the pump.

Schematically the components look like this:

What's great about this device is the gradual loading of the cylinder.

Let’s say that a twisted log does not separate into its fibers, but the wood splitter continues to supply voltage. Another system will immediately fail, but not hydraulics.

The heel pressing against the wood will gradually increase in force to perform the action of splitting the stump. When it doesn't happen hydraulic cleaver continues to work without the slightest breakdown. All parts of the system will function as they should.

The operating principle is as follows:

1. The device is installed in a stable position.
2. Turn on.
3. Pressure enters the system, causing the improvised piston to move.
4. There is a heel on the piston. It rests on the workpiece and puts a load on the material.
5. For a split to occur, you need a knife or a whole set of sharpened blades mounted on a frame.
6. On one side there is a heel, and on the other there are knives - the log is “squeezed out” hydraulic system through sharp edges.
7. When one cycle is completed, the heel returns to its original position. You can repeat the process.

Clear benefits

A hydraulic cleaver is the most powerful device, almost industrial type. What does it mean? They can process wood without pauses or replacements. consumables and risk for the operator. It is very profitable and practical if the wood splitter is powered by electricity.

Some models, created independently, are equipped with a lever. With it, the operator can not adapt to the operation of the system, but control the process himself, putting a new log into operation without haste.

It is not difficult to assemble any system for splitting firewood, be it mechanical or hydraulic. But calculation of the load is important, otherwise it will be very expensive to inject natural fuel.

So, the advantages of a hydraulic wood splitter are as follows:

1. Minimum expenditure of physical strength in work.
2. Efficient and fast.
3. Healthy back, time saved.
4. There is no need for unit maintenance.
5. Continuous work all day long.

There are also disadvantages:

1. You will have to work on creating the design.
2. The finished product using hydraulics is not cheap.

Types of cleavers

There are only two of them:

1. Domestic. Harvesting for yourself or a good neighbor.

1. Industrial. To earn money on natural fuel. These types break down not a single hundred cubic meters per season. Of course, it is better to have original design from the factory.

Self-production

The device that is recommended for beginners should be assembled like this:

1. We weld the vertical frame. Sustainable.
2. You need to put a jack on the bottom (a car jack will do).
3. The frame at the top is necessarily detachable. Necessary for ease of working with logs of different lengths.
4. There will be a wedge in place of the blade.
5. The wedge is fed from the jack - the log splits along the seam.

Note: this scheme does not imply the use of electric traction.

Semi-automatic or automatic hydraulic structures are more difficult to assemble with your own hands. In a garage or farmstead, only a few will achieve results.

Let's present drawings for more complex machines:

What is the difference between a homemade one and a factory model?

Your splitting devices may not meet safety requirements. It is not worth allowing any family members to work. This is more important than any amount spent on a factory device.

Of course, there is always not enough time, and taking an average-priced model with a hydraulic drive means saving your nerves, saving time, and knowing for sure that nothing will fly into your head. If you are not sure of the final result when creating it yourself, you can order a not very powerful cleaver for household needs.

It will work intermittently, but will not increase the electric meter to suspicious numbers. For your information, there are factory copies with a load of up to 5 tons - this is enough. They cost no more than 15 thousand rubles.

Self-assembled wood splitters are devices, as a rule, without preliminary testing. The main thing is it works! But, it is worth remembering about precautions. In particular, clothing should not restrict movement, use safety glasses, gloves, and closed shoes.

When you plan to prepare fuel for your stoves or fireplaces, you can get by with the version with a jack. But industrial scale cannot be covered without a factory installation or a jack-of-all-trades capable of assembling a wood chopping machine of the required load for a modest fee.

How to make a wood splitter with your own hands, see the instructions in the following video:

We will send the material to you by e-mail

Chopping wood with an ax is very hard work, so many owners country houses Those who heat their stoves with wood try to buy or make a wood splitter themselves. These devices allow you to avoid the tedious swinging of the cleaver, so you can split much more firewood in one day, because you don’t have to rest every now and then. From the article you will learn how to make a wood splitter with your own hands: drawings, photos, instructions will help you in making it.

How does a wood splitter work?

There are three main types of wood splitters, which differ in the source of energy for influencing the log:

• hydraulic;
• electrical;
• kinetic (manual).

Hydraulic wood splitters

This device works on the principle of a hydraulic press. The hydraulic cylinder pushes the log onto a sharpened wedge, which splits the wood. These wood splitters are driven by an oil pump powered by a gasoline or diesel engine. Their main disadvantage is the high cost of high-quality hydraulic cylinders, control units and pumps.

Electric wood splitter

Electric (rack and pinion) wood splitters work on the same principle as hydraulic ones. Their basis is a rack and pinion gearbox, which pushes the log onto a sharp wedge. Their advantage is the availability of parts and their low price. Such gearboxes are installed on other similar equipment. Electric (cone) wood splitters operate on the self-tapping principle. The steel cone is threaded so it screws into the log and tears it apart.

Manual (inertial) wood splitter

The basis of this wood splitter is metal pipe(crane), fixed to a metal support using a hinge. The pipe is equipped with a wood splitter blade, as well as various steel reinforcing elements. Sometimes a counterweight is installed to make lifting the pipe easier. To split the log, the pipe is sharply lowered. The blade, under the influence of the inertia of the pipe and reinforcing elements, splits the log. The advantage of such a device is that it can be made from any steel pipes, which will be sold for several hundred rubles by an employee of the nearest ferrous metal collection point. The disadvantage of this wood splitter is that it uses muscular strength to operate it, so a person gets tired quickly.

Video: wood splitter with washing machine engine

Homemade wood splitter - what and how to do

If there is necessary materials, then it’s easy to make a wood splitter with your own hands: drawings, photos, instructions are freely available on the Internet. For this you will need:

Useful advice! The design of each wood splitter must be developed individually, according to the available parts.

Rack splitter - diagram and manufacturing

The easiest way is to make a rack wood splitter with your own hands: drawings, photos, instructions for which are posted on the Internet. Its basis is a powerful steel frame, to which a wedge, motor and gearbox are attached. To make it, take an electric motor with a power of at least 2 kW and two pulleys with a diameter ratio of at least 1:4. You can also use gearboxes from various mechanisms with transmission ratios over 8:1. If you don't have an electric motor, but have a gasoline engine from a saw or trimmer, you can connect it. In this case, you will have to increase the transmission ratio of the gearbox even more due to the too high speed of such a motor. Make a knife for a wood splitter from sheet steel at least 1 cm thick, sharpening it at an angle of 90 degrees. To work with thick logs, it is necessary to make a compound knife so that its thickness is at least 5 cm, and reinforce it inside with a steel blank of a suitable shape.

The gear of the rack and pinion mechanism should be 4–6 cm higher than the frame and located from the knife at a distance equal to twice the length of the log. In addition, it is necessary to make a carriage that will ride on the bed. The height of the carriage must correspond to the installation height of the rack and pinion gear. On the front (facing the knife) side of the carriage, install a transverse plate that will act as a pusher. For it, use sheet steel with a thickness of at least 7 mm. Install any hinge on the carriage that will allow you to raise and lower the rack, and also attach a spring to lift the rack above the gear. Install and secure the return spring, which will move the carriage towards the gearbox. Install a lever on the frame that will press the rack against the gear. With this lever you will control the operation of the wood splitter - when the lever is pressed, the rack comes into contact with the gear and moves forward. If necessary, cut the rail with a grinder - it should be slightly shorter than the distance from the feed plate to the knife.

Hydraulic wood splitter - materials and drawings

To make a hydraulic wood splitter with your own hands: drawings, photos, instructions for which you will find below, you will need:

• electric or gasoline motor with a power of over 2 kW;
• oil pump;
• oil tank;
• high pressure hydraulic hoses;
• control unit;
• hydraulic cylinder;
• I-beam or U-shaped metal beam;
• metal corner with a shelf size of 30–40 mm;
• sheet metal 0.5–2 cm thick (it is advisable to stock up on pieces of different thicknesses).

Make a frame from an I-beam or U-shaped beam. The wider the beam, the more load the frame will withstand and the more difficult it will be to transport the wood splitter. Therefore, the optimal width of the beam is 10–15 cm. Attach the hydraulic cylinder above the beam at a height of 5–7 cm and install a pusher made of sheet metal 7–10 mm thick. Make a housing for the knife so that it can be moved around the bed.

Useful advice! Changing the length to the knife will allow you to split long logs, but will make it difficult, if not impossible (due to enormous loads) to split thick logs. Therefore, choose what is more important to you.

Currently, by government decision Russian Federation electricity, gas and other prices increase every year public utilities. This is due to objective reasons, including increased prices on the energy market. We, ordinary residents, cannot influence this in any way. And somehow live, and live well, in modern conditions I want to. If you have country house or a dacha, naturally, there is no desire to pay the ever-increasing bills for using an electric or gas boiler.

In the current economic situation, it is much more profitable to use a wood-burning stove or boiler using wood, pellets and coal. For this device you definitely need fuel. But purchasing and delivering firewood is only half the battle. The material must be crushed so that it is convenient to insert it into the stove or boiler. IN in this case Firewood must be chopped with an ax or saw. The question is that not everyone has the desire, or even the health, to engage in such hard physical labor.

Features of wood splitters

We recommend using a wood splitter. There are various designs- electric, gasoline, but in addition to the fuel they use during operation, there is a financial aspect. These mechanisms are quite expensive, on average from 30 thousand rubles. If you buy them, then the point of using a wood-burning boiler as a means of saving is eliminated.

Therefore, the most the best option There will be a production of a hydraulic wood splitter. Like any mechanism of this type, it works due to a special design:

• two cylinders;
• two pistons with different areas, united by a common bottom.

The forces applied to the pistons are directly proportional to the areas of the pistons. Energy is transferred using an incompressible fluid, mineral or machine oil. As a result, with a little effort you can, in this case, split a massive trunk of a perennial tree. In such a situation, a wood splitter is the simplest hydraulic machine. As you can see, the thing is convenient and profitable. It's best to make it yourself.

Types of wood splitters

These mechanisms are available both for use at home and in wood processing plants and factories. The second ones are different additional functions, necessary in industrial production. A piece of tree trunk can be fed in different planes in such machines. Depending on the feed direction, there are the following wood splitters:

• vertical;
• horizontal;
• mixed

The latter type is used in production. In a horizontal wood splitter, a piece of wood lies, and hydraulics control the cutting mechanism, or the knife is fixed, and the wood moves.

In the vertical, the action is similar to chopping by hand. The barrel stands, and the knife breaks it from above. This is a more familiar design, but there is a very significant drawback - using the device is fraught with cuts, bruises and other damage. After all, you have to monitor the position of the log and, if necessary, hold it in the desired position.

An essential part of the log splitter is the motor, which allows the hydraulic machine to function. Gasoline, diesel, electric, you can use a tractor engine. If you make a wood splitter yourself, then it is possible to create a design of any variation according to your desires and capabilities.

You will need a U-shaped metal frame; place a regular jack at the bottom, which you use when repairing your car. To hold a piece of wood vertically, use a wedge, similar to the corkscrew you use to open wine bottles.

The top of the frame must be composite to cut trunks different heights. The principle of operation is this: the wedge goes end-to-end to a piece of wood, which is gradually lifted with a jack, which leads to cracking of the wood, exactly in the middle and to the end. As you can see, such a wood splitter is extremely simple and requires a minimum of equipment; it is very easy to manufacture.

If you want, you can try to make a similar mechanism with horizontal feed. To make it, take the same hydraulic jack, knife, bed (static or on wheels). On the latter, attach the listed parts, as well as those indicated in the diagram. With such a device, wood splitting also occurs due to the energy of the jack.

Vertical and horizontal homemade devices are very simple, but their performance is quite low, which is not entirely convenient. And endlessly pulling the jack handle doesn’t inspire much enthusiasm either. You can modify the design if you use a cross-shaped knife. The speed of chopping wood will increase significantly.

You can make a hydraulic splitter using the following elements:

• electric motor;
• oil container;
• regulation device;
• pumping device;
• hydraulic machine;
• bed;

The work of splitting firewood is greatly accelerated, because your task is to install the log and press the button. A piece of the trunk splits within a few seconds.

If you have a wood-burning stove at home, then you should still take care of such a necessary mechanism. Well, which one to do is up to you. No special materials are required to make a hydraulic wood splitter. This is a simple, economical device, very useful in the household.

There are no posts on this topic.