What is included in the concept of utility costs? There are several payment methods

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Every month you receive receipts for payment for services consumed. They are awarded to a citizen living in a given residential area. They indicate how much we pay for gas, electricity, water, etc. New samples differ in the set of abbreviations, color (for example, in St. Petersburg - a pink payment card, in other regions - yellow), etc. An example of a receipt will be given below. In case of accrual of illegal amounts, what does it mean if two receipts arrived, with double size etc., then it is necessary to complain to the authorized bodies.

Who generates receipts for housing and communal services payments?

There are several aspects to consider when answering this question. Thus, according to the law, in an apartment building, receipts for payment of utility services are sent and generated by management organizations. They are authorized to calculate the consumption of the following housing and communal services:

for water supply;
per apartment (depending on the number of persons registered there);
for major repairs, etc.

Citizens receive separate receipts for gas and electricity supplies. This is due to the fact that these organizations are direct suppliers of utility services, and therefore charge directly.

What does a utility bill look like?

Housing and utility bills look like in the following way: This is a written document that lists the services for which you will be charged. Tariffs are also indicated there.

The rent act has the following content:

Indication of the payer.
Address and location of residential premises.
The name of the service provider and its bank details.
QR code.
Data on the services provided.
Tariffs that are applied during calculation.
Total amount to be paid.

Depending on the management company, the receipt may also include services for garbage removal, sewerage, general house needs, heating, etc.

Housing and communal services and housing and communal services - what are they and what is the difference

Before you understand the difference between these concepts, you need to understand the meaning of this abbreviation.

Housing and communal services is understood as housing and communal services as a branch of the economy engaged in the study and formation of a range of services necessary for the normal life support of the population.

Housing and communal services are housing and communal services, that is, a specific resource provided to citizens - electricity, hot water, etc.

The concept of housing and communal services is much broader than the concept of housing and communal services, and includes, in addition to the list of services, other essential provisions, legal norms, standards, etc.

What is included in the rent, utility bills and on what basis is the rent amount in the receipt formed?

Depending on the basis on which a citizen owns housing, the receipt may include various elements. This includes rent, capital and Maintenance, for housing and communal services, etc.

It is also important to determine the basis on which the total amount payable is formed. First of all, the formation of payments is influenced by contracts concluded by citizens and government organizations (for example, a social rental agreement). Particular attention should be paid regulations adopted in the region on the provision of public services. You also need to take into account the tariffs in force in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The readings of meters installed in citizens’ apartments are also very important.

What is included in utilities when renting an apartment?

In this situation, it is necessary to identify what kind of lease is taking place. If this is a social rental, then the rent for housing is also included in the communal apartment.

In situations where there is a civil lease, the rent is addressed directly to the landlord, and the tenant can actually pay it. These conditions must be specified in the contract. The reverse calculation procedure is also possible.

Legal regulation

In the housing and communal services sector, legal regulation includes such legal acts as:

Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Housing Code.
Law on Privatization.
Government decree in the housing and communal services sector.
Private contracts.
Regional legal acts.

It is in these legal documents that tariffs for utility services, the procedure for their payment, the procedure for repaying debt obligations, etc. are reflected.

As a rule, regulation most often occurs at the regional level, so special attention should be paid to the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Explanation of abbreviations on the receipt

A utility bill includes a lot of abbreviations that need to be deciphered and understood. Each abbreviation is designated by a set of letters and has its own name. Let's look at some of them.

SEON

This is a rather specific column in utility bills. SEON stands for unified public information system. As a rule, this includes forwarding messages to citizens about impending natural disasters and etc.

SOI

This is one of the most common columns in a payment order. It stands for the phrase “maintenance of common property.” It obliges citizens to pay mandatory expenses for the needs of common property in the house. SOI includes:

maintenance of stairs;
entrances;
elevators;
attic, etc.

The amount of payment for SOI is determined by an agreement between residents and the management company.

ROM

This payment applies only to those houses where an intercom is installed. The abbreviation stands for: “ intercom locking device ". In some cases, the fee for ROM is issued as a separate receipt.

Citizens are required to pay for its maintenance and maintenance of normal technical condition.

ONE

General house needs are an analogue of SOI. These are also expenses for the maintenance of common property. There are no differences in these abbreviations; it all depends on what set of letters the management organization uses to indicate these expenses in the payment slip.

UUTE

UUTE in the receipt is responsible for the provision of thermal energy to apartments. It reflects how many resources were supplied and at what tariffs the payment is calculated. The inclusion of UTE occurs depending on the season.
Explanation of the abbreviation: u evils of thermal energy metering.

DSCPT

Stands for " additional cable program television systems". This column is not available on payment cards in all regions. It constitutes a fee for the provision of telecommunication services, maintenance of a common house antenna, etc.

DSKPT can be appealed by a citizen in a situation where he uses cable TV and an antenna.

POVK

In order to understand what POVK means, you need to refer to the norms of housing legislation. This is an additional fee for providing heat to the apartment. A couple more letters are added to this abbreviation, for example, ТХВ.

APPP

APPP involves citizens paying for the development and maintenance of systems that protect the house from sudden fire. Such systems do not protect the apartment itself, but entrances, stairs, attics, etc.

AUR

AUR is also a specific line of expenses in payments. This includes a set of payments aimed at ensuring the work of the administrative and management apparatus, for example, a management company.

OPU

OPU includes the volume and types of costs for the collection, repair and installation of various metering devices, such as water or gas meters.

ELDT

This is the “daily consumption on the electric meter”. As a rule, such consumption is not indicated in all regions. You can also indicate on a separate line night consumption ELDT.

TPP

TPP includes payment for water - “coolant”.

VDGO

The interpretation of this concept includes the provision and maintenance of gas equipment. VDGO includes both slabs and gas boilers, and columns. Citizens are required to pay for inspection, repair and maintenance of these devices.

PD number

Water disposal in housing and communal services receipt

Citizens are also required to pay for diversion Wastewater. Payment for this is charged every month. Issues such a receipt Management Company, she also bills for the diversion.

Water supply

DHW and cold water are indicated in a separate column. This is, in essence, delivery to the apartment of hot and cold water. This is done through common pipes.

DHW

DHW refers to the provision of hot water supply. The column must be filled out in accordance with legal requirements. Per consumption hot water in a situation where there is a water pump at home, no fee is charged.

HVS

This is the supply of cold water to the apartment. Payments are collected based on common metering devices (shared in the building) or on individual ones located in the apartment. The calculation is generated for a certain period.

Heating

Abbreviations for heating have already been discussed above. It should be noted that the provision of this service is seasonal and, for example, in the summer, no payment for heat is charged.

Example of a utility bill

The form and form of the payment notice (invoice) is a written act that includes the name of the organization, personal account, indication of the consumer and description of housing and communal services (housing and communal services).

Receipt for major repairs

As a rule, a separate receipt for major repairs is not printed. This expense line is included in the overall receipt. The amount of contributions is determined by regional legislation or an agreement with the regional operator. As a rule, these are small amounts of money.

Receipt for gas supply

This document is published separately. The law sets the tariff, after which the consumption rate is determined. It can be calculated based on apartment metering devices or common house meters installed in the basement.

Tariffs set by the general consumption rate in the region may also apply.. In the situation where there is use gas cylinders, there is no charge for gas supply.

Norms and meter readings

They play a huge role in determining the amount of payment. Devices must reliably indicate how much of a particular resource was consumed. Testimony is verified periodically by authorized officials.

In a situation where the device is faulty, the consumed resources are accounted for according to the general standards provided for in the region of residence of the citizen.

Errors in housing and communal services receipts - what to do

In this situation, you need to contact either the management company (the one that sent you this receipt with an error) or the resource supply organization. As a rule, a written claim is written with a request for recalculation.

If this does not help, the citizen has the right to complain to Rospotrebnadzor, the prosecutor's office or the court, which will oblige the unscrupulous organization to correct its mistakes.

Application for a reduction in payment

A reduction in payment can occur for various reasons, for example, due to the fact that the family is low-income, a disabled citizen lives in the apartment, etc. The application must be in writing. It can be submitted either directly to the organization that provides the service or through a multifunctional center. The application can be completed by the resident or a representative.

A sample application for recalculation (reduction) of payment for utility bills is available. ⇐

Rules for reducing rent

In this matter, the following points need to be taken into account:

You can reduce the fee when providing low-quality services.
In the absence of necessary maintenance of metering devices.
With illegally inflated fees.
In situations where the fee exceeds 20 percent of total income.

Only in these situations can you really count on a reduction in utility bills. Everything happens exclusively at the written request of the person, since the reduction is exclusively of a declarative nature.

Thus, the receipt includes many alphabetic symbols and codes: IPU, IND, ZPU, ADS, AZU, AKHN, BULA, VIC, ASPZ, AHR, IKU, OID, SOID, GUP, etc. Essentially, this is one and the same same name for different utilities. For example, OID and SOID apply to the general property of MKD, IPU and IND - mean payment for metering devices, ZPU and ADS - also to metering devices in terms of sealing.

List of utilities required for housing maintenance:

The second type of services provided by housing and communal services is housing services.

Watch a video about the list of utilities provided by housing and communal services:

What are we paying for?

Considering that housing and communal services are commercial organizations Therefore, all their activities are aimed at making a profit. All types of housing and communal services can be divided into paid and conditionally free. For an apartment owner, paid housing and communal services consist of::

Payments for utilities.
Payment for repairs and maintenance of residential premises.

Utilities include:

Tariffs for these services are set by regional and local authorities. When it comes to paying for housing services, things are completely different. If a homeowners association (HOA) has been formed in the house, then the tariffs for housing services are determined by their governing body. And if the house is managed by the management company (management company), then all tariffs for housing services are determined on general meeting homeowners.

IMPORTANT: If the owners did not appear at the meeting and did not set tariffs, then they are set by the local government body.

According to Government Decree No. 731 of September 23, 2010 and Article No. 161 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the owner has the right to write an application to the HOA or management company in order to receive a written response, which will explain the tariffs, on what basis and by whom they were determined. If your application has not been responded to, you can complain to the following authorities:

District administration.
Housing inspection.
Prosecutor's office.

Conditionally free services Housing and communal services are paid by the municipality or social services. These include:

Review of payment points

Every month each owner receives a receipt for payment of housing and communal services. The receipt contains a complete list of all services and payment terms.. IN this list includes:

garbage removal;
communications maintenance;
cleaning elevators, stairs and local area;
electricity;
water supply (divided into cold and hot);
heating;
current and major repairs.

ATTENTION: In addition to standard services, the receipt may also include services such as security, video surveillance, etc. All additional items are agreed upon with the owners at the general meeting.

For ease of use, all services are arranged in a table. The header of the receipt indicates the deadlines for payment for services. At the bottom of the table is the total amount, which is calculated depending on the indicators and tariffs that fall on a given billing period. The amount owed may also be indicated on the receipt. In addition to the table with services and the total amount, the receipt contains information about the owner.

Utility payments are a fairly pressing topic that interests almost all individuals. In this regard, this article will discuss what is included in housing and communal services, as well as how citizens Russian Federation can make their payment. In addition, each of the methods by which you can transfer funds for the use of a particular utility service will be separately considered.

Public utilities

Every person has heard at least once in his life about such a concept as housing and communal services, but not everyone fully understands what this term means. All services the provision of which is necessary for a consumer living in a residential building, apartment or separate room for his comfortable stay, are called communal. Any isolated property, the condition of which is considered suitable for long-term human habitation, belongs to the category of residential properties and can act as a consumer of utilities.

Attention! All issues related to the procedure for the provision and use of utility services, as well as the timing and methods of payment, and many other nuances, are regulated by such a legislative source as the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

What is included in this list

Utilities is a fairly broad term. In this regard, we propose to understand what exactly is included in this concept. Depending on the specific property in which an individual lives, he will use and pay for one or another package of utility services. The exact composition of these services is directly related to the improvement of a residential building. However, it must be remembered that garbage removal should not be included in this list in any case. The main types of housing and communal services, without which comfortable living for individuals is impossible, include the following:

Payment of utility bills

Some individuals pay for housing services all their lives using the same method and do not even realize that this can be done much easier and faster. In this regard, we propose to consider a list of all the ways in which you can transfer funds for the use of water or gas resources, as well as electricity:

Payment via mail. This method is popular among pensioners who are accustomed to making all payments outside of in electronic format, but with cash. You can pay for the use of utilities in this way by visiting one of the branches of a state company such as Russian Post. This organization is the operator of the state postal network. In addition, payments can also be made through banks.
Payment by ATM/terminal. In the twenty-first century, there are ATMs at almost every step. Some individuals are mistaken in thinking that an ATM is a device intended only for automated dispensing Money. Using this device, you can also transfer material assets, even if the individual does not have bank card. In addition to ATMs, you can pay for housing and communal services using a terminal, which is designed for making a variety of payments by individuals. However, you will need to do this manually, in self-service mode.
Payments through the portal. The least common way to pay for the use of gas, water and electricity is the city services portal, which is an Internet resource containing various reference information. With the help of this site, people who are users of public services have the opportunity to receive all the information they are interested in on this topic in electronic form.

The second of the above payment methods is good because, since every individual has used an ATM or terminal at least once in his life, transferring money for water supply, gas and electricity will be quite easy and quick. However, these devices usually charge a certain commission percentage of the amount transferred by the individual. In addition, in some cases you will need to stand in line, and if there is no exact amount that is required to be paid, then you can’t count on receiving change.

Transfer method material resources for housing and communal services, which has greatest number advantage is payment using the Internet portal. The most important advantage this method is that individuals they don’t even need to leave the house, and they can use a service of this nature at any time of the day. No interest is charged for transferring funds. However, for some citizens of the Russian Federation, using the portal seems at first glance to be a difficult and insufficiently reliable option. This opinion is erroneous, since the site is quite easy to use. The main thing is to go through all stages of registration and not miss any important details.

It should be noted that in order to make payments of this kind with the help of a bank, it is not at all necessary to come to the appropriate organization. In 2019, individuals are given the opportunity to make payments using online banking.

Thanks to public services, citizens can receive comfortable conditions for accommodation. Their list must be reflected in the agreement between residents and the housing and communal services, HOA or other body. But not every one of us has a copy of the contract at home, so the question arises: What is included in this list of services and what do you need to pay for? Now we will try to consider it in detail and find the answer.

What is rent

Rent is the amount paid monthly by the owner of the property for utilities provided to him.

It is binding and cannot be challenged. It also includes any renovation work, building maintenance and so on. Now you need to figure out what the rent is paid for.

What is included in the rent in Russia, list of housing and communal services

We obtain the necessary resources from organizations that have the appropriate licenses. The main list of housing and communal services consists of :

Supply cold water. The water supplied must be clean and free of germs or any chemical impurities. It should be available around the clock. The maximum permissible break is up to 8 hours per month and no more than 24 hours in case of an accident.
Supply hot water. Not everyone gets this anymore. This water, in addition to the above requirements, must have a temperature from 65 degrees Celsius to 75 degrees. Small deviations from the norm are allowed.
Sewerage. Housing must have a wastewater disposal system.
Heating. IN in this case, the main factor is the air temperature in the apartment. It should be at least +18 degrees in the room and at least +15 at the entrance. During heating season It is allowed to turn off the heating for no more than 24 hours per month.
Gas supply. Not all houses are connected domestic gas. But if housing is connected, then it is paid along with other utilities.
Electricity. Interruptions in the supply of electricity lasting 2 hours for two sources and 24 hours for one are allowed.

List of municipal utilities and their characteristic features

These services do not apply to any individual apartments or private houses, but create comfortable conditions for the owners or owners of residential premises, and they are included in the rent.

Here is a list of these services:

Repair, maintenance of housing. The main purpose of this function is to maintain the premises in good condition.
Major renovation.
Garbage removal.
Other services. These include cleaning of entrances, elevators, areas around the house, 24-hour security, secure parking, grocery delivery, and so on.

Important! These services are not mandatory, but if present, they must be paid at established rates.

Operational services in housing and communal services

These services include:

Telephone and landline communications.
Internet and television.
Intercom.
Security and stuff.

Note! Such services are paid only if they are available and used by residents.

Obligations of management companies and housing and communal services

All obligations listed in the contract must be fulfilled by the company so that the contract is not terminated and penalties are applied to the HOA.

The main point of the contract, which must be implemented, is repair work.

They are obliged to provide two types:

Current works;
Major renovation.

It may be that the house does not need repairs or the residents want to demolish it poor quality building. All these points must be reflected in the contract.

Organizational activities include:

Control over the supply of all necessary services from authorized organizations.
Accepting payments for services provided. Ensuring that payments are received on time.
Ensuring safe conditions for residents to use the house, as well as when carrying out repair work.
Consideration of complaints from residents.

Additional services

There are also additional paid services that are not included in the maintenance of the house. These may include: security, alarm systems, CCTV cameras. Some companies require illegal fees for various types of services:

Services that are not included in the contract.
Additional fees are charged for services included in the contract.
Collection of mandatory donations for the activities of the organization.

How are utility bills calculated?

This is not as difficult to do as it seems.

The calculation will depend on whether you deign to install metering devices, for example, a water or gas meter.

Meter readings are taken and multiplied by the current tariff at the moment and that’s it. If there are none, the number of people living in the apartment is taken and multiplied by the consumption standard, and then the resulting value is multiplied by the tariff.

If there are meters

To make it clearer, let's look at an example. Let's say you have a separate water meter installed. Then the calculations are made as follows:

You need to take readings from the device and determine how much water was consumed this month.
Now you need to find out the water tariff. Let it be 29 rubles/m3.
The last step is to multiply the amount of water consumed by the tariff, and the amount to be paid is obtained.

Standards per person

If the counter is not installed:

Let's say there are 2 people in a family. You need to multiply two by the required standard, for example, it corresponds to 10 m3 per person, then 2 is multiplied by 10 and the result is 20.
Now the resulting number (20) should be multiplied by the tariff, that is, 20 * 29 (tariff) = 580 rubles.

Other utility bills are calculated using the same analogy.

No one is registered, what then

This may disappoint some people, but you still need to pay, and failure to pay can result in a fine. If meters are not installed, the calculation will take place according to the norms for one person, and it does not matter whether he lives in the apartment or not. In this case, counters can help. If they are installed and according to their indications no one has used the resources, then you do not need to pay, but it should be taken into account that not all types of services have meters installed. Hence the conclusion: it is impossible to completely free yourself from paying utility bills.

Important! If someone else lives in the apartment instead of the owner, utilities must still be paid.

In a communal apartment

In such an apartment, utility bills are paid based on agreements between residents. However, it happens that they are not achieved, in which case payment is made in accordance with the Housing Code.

Sometimes homeowners agree to pay for services in proportion to the living space they occupy or the number of people living on it.

It happens that homeowners install individual metering devices and the personal account for payment of services is divided.

Then payment will be made based on individual device accounting, as well as for the use of common property.

To avoid controversial situations, residents enter into an agreement that determines the procedure for using the common property.

Situations may arise when residents are unable to agree on payments, then:

Heating costs must be paid in proportion to the share of total area apartments;
You should pay for water based on the number of people living in the apartment;
They pay for light based on the number of installed lighting devices and their power.

If residents of a communal apartment have serious disputes regarding payment for utility services, they can be resolved through court. It is also worth contacting them when one of the residents refuses to pay utility bills on time, and organizations demand that all residents of the apartment pay off their debts.

Conclusion

Now you know what the rent consists of and why it needs to be paid, and we also figured out how to pay for utilities. Using all the above tips and recommendations, you should not have any problems with this. Learning how to calculate utility bills is very simple. You just need to take meter readings, calculate the amount of resource spent for a given month and multiply by the tariff.

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