What is name transcription examples. Study of translation transformations when translating a literary text

Transcription and transliteration

When learning a language and Everyday life we may find it necessary to convey foreign words and names through our own writing system, so that someone who does not know the foreign script will have some idea of ​​what the words sound like. This process is called transliteration. Transliteration is a formal letter-by-letter reconstruction of the source lexical unit using the alphabet of the target language, a letter imitation of the form of the source word. In this case, the source word in the target text is presented in a form adapted to the pronunciation characteristics of the target language.

There are some generally accepted rules for recording individual characters. Since different languages ​​have different sound systems, it is not just a matter of replacing every written symbol of one language with a symbol of another. Most often, a simple character must be replaced by a combination of characters or a character with special characters (dots or dashes), called diacritics. Diacritics are added to characters to indicate that they have a different phonetic meaning. Typically, transliteration represents only those characters that have sound; it does not cover silent characters used to clarify meaning. Transliteration rules are based, like all such rules, on convention. However, they have not received full acceptance and consistent worldwide dissemination. In the same way, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing can be transliterated.

A slightly different process is called transcription. Translation transcription is a formal phonemic reconstruction of the source lexical unit using phonemes of the target language, a phonetic imitation of the source word. In application to Egyptology, this term is used to denote a method that consists in transmitting the characters of non-hieroglyphic Egyptian writing by means of hieroglyphics. The process is similar to transliteration, except that both writing systems are Egyptian. The most common case of transcription is the translation of texts written in hieratic (Egyptian cursive script) into hieroglyphics.

The ancient Egyptian language contained a large number of sounds not found in Russian. Although the Egyptian script did not reflect vowel sounds, in terms of consonants it was, in some ways, more advanced than our alphabets. For example, in english alphabet there is no letter for a plosive glottal (Glottal plosive or Glottal stop), although this sound is common in speech. This sound is indicated by vowels, but when pronounced in the initial phase, an obstacle is created air flow closed vocal cords. The air pressure is discharged as a result of a sharp divergence of the vocal cords, so the pronounced vowel sound has a sharp increase in volume (attack) with an aspiration at the beginning.

The plosive glottal is often found in English speech, for example, at the beginning of a word before a vigorously articulated vowel phoneme: apple, or as a separator between adjacent vowels when pronounced clearly (with a strong accent and a short pause before the stressed syllable) words like co-operate, geometry, reaction).

In German, vowels at the beginning of words are almost always pronounced with a distinct "hard attack". It is believed that there is no plosive glottal in the Russian language, but one German who lived in Russia caught an exception, probably the only one: the colloquial “Nope!”

Transliteration when translating into Russian is often used in cases where we're talking about about the names of institutions, positions specific to a given country, i.e. about the sphere of socio-political life, about the names of objects and concepts of material life, about forms of addressing the interlocutor, etc.

There is no word that could not be translated into another language, at least descriptively, i.e. a common combination of words in a given language. But transliteration is necessary precisely when it is important to maintain the lexical brevity of the designation, corresponding to its familiarity in the original language, and at the same time emphasize the specificity of the named thing or concept, if there is no exact correspondence in the target language.

Often foreign words are transferred into the target language precisely to highlight the shade of specificity that is inherent in the reality they express - if possible lexical translation, more or less accurate.

When a transliterated word is rarely used or, especially, transferred to a Russian translated text for the first time, a commentary explanation and appropriate context are sometimes necessary. IN in this case The technique of transliteration is used in conjunction with the technique of translation commentary (see below).

Transliteration and transcription are used to translate proper names, names of peoples and tribes, geographical names, names of business institutions, companies, firms, periodicals, names of sports teams, stable groups of musicians, cultural objects, etc.

Most of these names are relatively easy to translate or, less commonly, transliterate:

Wall Street Journal

East Oregonian

Rosswell

"Telstar"

Hollywood

Bank of London

Wall Street Journal

- "East Oregonian" [trans. p.5]

Roswell [trans. With. 5]

- “Telstar” [trans. With. 13]

Minnesota

Beatles, etc.

The names and titles of fantastic creatures mentioned in folklore and literary sources are also transcribed:

Goblin, etc.

In relation to foreign proper names, the question of their sound design during translation and their spelling is of great importance. The more differences there are in the phonetic structure of two languages, in the composition and system of their phonemes, the more acute this question is:

Kent Astor

McCarthy

Kent Astor [trans. With. 13]

McCarthy [trans. With. 83]

When it comes to common names (big cities, rivers, famous historical figures) or common names, the translator is guided by tradition - regardless of the possibility of getting closer to the original sound. Sometimes traditional Russian spelling can be quite close to the exact phonetic form of a foreign name, for example: “Schiller”, “Byron”, “Dante”, “Brandenburg”, etc. In some cases, tradition will require different renderings of the same name in the same language for different texts: thus the English "George" is usually transcribed as "George", but when it is the name of a king, it is transliterated as " George".

The rule of applying translation transcription or transliteration to names that exists in translation practice often turns out to be insufficient if a proper name is burdened with a symbolic function, that is, it becomes a name unique object, or is used as, for example, a nickname, reflecting the individual characteristics and properties of the named object. In such cases, in addition to transcription or instead of it, a combination of semantic translation and tracing is used.

The translator resorts to transliteration of the nickname of one of the main characters, while giving a footnote: beaver - English. beaver. Further from the work, the author’s choice of this nickname becomes clear: the hero had a habit of gnawing toothpicks, which he always had with him.

Some problems may arise when translating names educational institutions in the context of different educational traditions in different countries. Thus, in the American education system, the word school is widely applied to a number of educational institutions, completely different in level and type (for example, high school and university). Translation from Russian may also have some difficulties: for example, the word institute in Russia is used to designate a higher educational institution, as well as a research or even administrative institution, while in English-speaking countries the word institute is used only in the second meaning , and therefore is not always adequate as a correspondence, since it distorts the essence of the original concept.

Whooton School

Finally, a special type of linguistic units that are usually transcribed are terms. The source of transcriptions is usually Greek, Latin or English units, depending on which roots underlie the original term. Russian terms, marked by national flavor, also often become the object of transcription when translated into English:

Chernozem

Duma Duma Kazakova T.A. Practical fundamentals of translation. Tutorial. - St. Petersburg: Lenizdat; "Soyuz Publishing House", 2000, p. 75

Transcription is a phonetic imitation of the source word using phonemes of the target language ( Today -sevodnya);

Transliteration is a letter imitation of the source word using the alphabet of the target language ( Today -segodnya).

Almost all proper names are subject to transliteration/transcription, including geographical names, first and last names of people, names of periodicals and companies, names and nicknames of folklore characters, names of nationalities and designations of national and cultural realities.

APPLICABLE OPTIONS FOR TRANSLATION TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLITERATION OF LETTERS AND COMBINATIONS OF LETTERS OF THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET

Combinations: *- th (- th) – y, iy, ii; *- Ouch– oi, oy; *-to her– ei, ey; *- ye-ie; * - ya– ia, ya

EXAMPLES OF TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN LANGUAGE INTO ENGLISH OF SOME NAMES, SURNAMES, COUNTRY REALITIES

Andrei, Aleksey, Daria, Georgy, Ilya Vasilievich, Sergei Ilyich, Mikhail, Arkhip, Fiodor, Piotr, Yuri/Yury, Yes lizav e ta*, Yelena, Liudmila/Lyudmila, Liubov’, Yakov;

Yeltsyn, Elkin/Yolkin, Osmiorkin, Riazhsky, Stozharov, Zhilinsky, Shchepkin, Khrushchev, Kuznetsov, Tretyakov, Ovcharenko/Ovtcharenko, Vil’kin, Trubetskoy, Adamian, Vardanian, G ui ndin**;

tsar/tzar/czar, tsarina, Genghis/Jenghiz Khan, oprichnina, perestroika, glasnost, tretyakovskaya gallereya, novodevichiy monastir’, Moskovskiy gosudarstvenniy universitet, ploshchad’ revolutsii, kiyevskiy vokzal, alexandrovskii sad;

Buryati, Chukchi, Khanti, Eveny/Heveny/Evveng/Aeveny, Beijing (Beijing), Azerbaijan/Azerbaidzhan, Tadzhikistan;

Baba-Yaga, Ivan-Tsarevich, Tsarevna-Liagushka, Koshchey the Deathless/Immortal***

* at the beginning of words the letter –e is rendered as YE, in the middle of words as -e

**the letter –i is conveyed with the combination –ui to avoid misreading: Gindin would be read Jindin but not Gindin in accordance with the rules of the English language.

*** In folklore reality ‘Koshchei Immortal’ contains a semantic component that reflects the real property of the object, therefore, when translating, as shown, a combination of transcription and tracing is recommended

Note: the above examples of transcribing Russian realities such as tzar, oprichnina, baba-Yaga belong to the group xenonyms – linguistic units used in a language to designate specific elements of external cultures.

Task 1. Correct, if necessary, the transliterations of the following Russian geographical names in accordance with those generally accepted in English.

Arhangelsk, Medvez’egorsk, Cherepovec, Brjansk, Gomel’, Rjazan’, Ul’janovsk, Velikij Ustjug, Gorkij, Har’kov, Makhachkala, Kujbyshev, Celinograd, Zapadnaja Sibir, Jakutsk, Sahalin, Habarovsk, More Laptevyh, Suhaja Tunguska

Task 2. Render the following proper names in English.

1. Vyborg, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Tagil, Ust-Luga, Novaya Zemlya, Barents Sea, Naryan Mar, Velikiye Luki, Sayany, Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Kizhi, Zhitomir, Chernigov, Chisinau, Orel, Chernivtsi, Zaporozhye, Lake Ladoga, Tsimlyansk Reservoir, Syzran, Nyandoma, Kerch, Ordzhonikidze, Yerevan, Shakhty, Donetsk, Voronezh, Nevskoye Ustye, Zayachiy Island, Nevsky Prospekt, Sandy Alley, Trinity Bridge, Birch Lane;

Sergius Radonezhsky, Fyodor Sheremetyev, Evgeny Onegin, Alexander Sergeevich, Vasily Arkadyevich, Alexey Zinovievich, Zinovy ​​Fedorovich, Dmitry Levitsky, Mikhail Ilyich, Nadezhda Nikolaevna, Ulyana Yakovlevna, Sergey Yuryevich Sinitsky, Yuri Georgievich Zharov, Lyudmila Kuzminichna Yartseva, Lyubov Yulievna Eryomicheva, Kostya Vereshchagin, Ilya Shchelokov, Olga Dmitrievna Ulyanova, Elizaveta Ayatskova, Natalya Gennadievna Yudashkina, Artyom Gilyarovsky, Evgenia Lvovna;

Museum of Fine Arts, Ostankino Palace, Museum of Serf Art, Historical Museum, VDNKh, Leninskie Gorki, Arkhangelskoye, Zhdanovskaya Line, Ryazansky Prospekt, Arbat Square, Kievsky Proezd, Krasnokholmsky Bridge, Northern River Port, Khimki Square, Berezka Shop, Tsarskoe Selo , Annunciation Cathedral, Holy Cross Church;

Task 3. You have to create a Russian-English phrasebook for tourists. Write the following Russian words and expressions using the letters of the English alphabet.

Please excuse me, yesterday, today, week, month, left, right, up, down, good, bad, cheap, expensive, hot, cold, old, new, open, closed;

I would like, how much does it cost, what time is it, what does it mean, a bottle of mineral water, can you drink this water, where is the bureau, fast train, passenger train, international carriage, the most convenient train, connect me, this is not possible, the nearest metro station, tram stop, you have to pay to enter, color film, black and white film, registered letter, post restante, where is the nearest police station, do you have any English newspapers;

3. Please bring the menu, bread, second, third, ice cream, meat, napkin, sugar, ice water, oranges, eggplants, beef, cabbage rolls, peas, mushrooms, Kiev cutlets, pike, tongue, eggs, beets , herring, chicken, salmon, cakes, cucumbers, apple pie, chocolate biscuit, veal, kebab, vegetables, peppers, carrots, olives, red caviar.

A.S. Zhuravleva

National Research Irkutsk State Technical University

“In order to correctly write foreign names in Russian, it is necessary to know the relevant rules and principles,” it is difficult not to agree with this statement given in the reference book by R. S. Gilyarevsky and B. A. Starostin “Foreign names and titles in Russian text " Ignorance of these rules leads to severe distortion of names, especially Japanese and Chinese. But not only. Let's imagine that a certain journalist wrote that he interviewed the Dane Schaap, the Spaniard Juan, the Scot Sean, the American Stephen, the Chinese Xiong... And if these people became famous for something, then all these Seans and Xiongi. We call Nobel Prize winner Yang Renning only Yang; the French physicist Paul Villard, who discovered gamma rays in 1900, is often called Villard (fortunately, no one calls the chemist Victor Grignard Grignard). The examples can be continued.

The peculiarity of names and titles, unlike many borrowed foreign words, is that when they are translated into another language, they basically retain their original sound appearance. To convey proper names, the sound shell becomes of paramount importance. In fact, the Danish name Schaap should sound like Skop, the Spanish Juan - like Juan, the Scottish Sean - like Sean, the English Stephen - like Stephen, the Chinese Xiong - like Xiong. How to achieve correct spelling?

In order to ensure the preservation of the original soundographic shell of the borrowed own name In a written language, three methods are possible: transcription, transliteration and direct inclusion of a foreign name in the text while preserving its graphics.

There are many ways to translate a lexical unit of the original text, especially if this unit does not have equivalents in the target language. Most interesting ways which the translator uses in this case are transcription and transliteration.

So what are transcription and transliteration?

Transcription is the reproduction of the sound of a foreign word, and transliteration is the reproduction of the letter composition of a foreign word in the target language. In translation, a certain symbiosis of transcription and transliteration is most common.

Due to the fact that the phonetic and graphic structures of different languages ​​are very different from each other, the process of transliteration and transcription of a language unit is very conditional.

During transliteration, the graphic form (letter composition) of a foreign language word is transmitted by means of the TL, and during transcription, its sound form is transmitted. These methods are used when transmitting foreign-language proper names, geographical names and names of various kinds of companies, firms, ships, newspapers, magazines, etc. They are widely used when transmitting realities; it is especially common in socio-political literature and journalism, both translated and original, but describing life and events abroad (for example, in newspaper correspondence). So, on the pages of our press in Lately The following transcriptions of English words and phrases that have no equivalents in the Russian vocabulary began to appear: tribalism - tribalism, brain drain - brain drain, public school - public school, drive-in - drive-in, teach-in - tie-in, drugstore - dragstore, know-how - know-how, impeachment - impeachment, etc. In English socio-political literature one can find such transliterations of Russian realities as agitprop, sovkhoz, technicum, etc.

The leading method in modern translation practice is transcription while preserving some elements of transliteration. For each pair of languages, rules for transmitting the sound composition of a foreign language word are developed, cases of preservation of transliteration elements and traditional exceptions to the currently accepted rules are indicated. In English-Russian translations, the most frequently encountered transliteration elements during transcription are mainly the transliteration of some unpronounceable consonants and reduced vowels (Dorset ["dasit] - Dorset, Campbell ["kaerabalj - Campbell), the transfer of double consonants between vowels and at the end words after vowels (Bonners Ferry, boss) and preserving some of the spelling features of the word, which make it possible to bring the sound of the word in translation closer to already known examples (Hercules missile, deescalation, Columbia). Traditional exceptions concern mainly customary translations of the names of historical figures and some geographical names (Charles I - Charles I, William III - William III, Edinborough - Edinburgh).

The application of transcription to the translation of names found in the text requires a preliminary cultural analysis of possible traditional forms of a given name that have already been established in the world or translating culture and require reproduction exactly in the form in which they exist. For example, the English king James I Stewart was traditionally called Jacob 1 Stewart in Russian texts; recently, the form Jacob 1 has been found in a number of publications. When translating Russian royal and princely names, there are also discrepancies: for example, Ivan the Terrible is found in two forms: Ivan the Terrible and John the Terrible.

The rule of applying translation transcription or transliteration to names that exists in translation practice often turns out to be insufficient if a proper name is burdened with a symbolic function, that is, it becomes the name of a unique object, or is used not as a name, but as, for example, a nickname, that is, it is a kind of name a common noun, as it reflects the individual characteristics and properties of the named object. In such cases, in addition to transcription, or instead of it, a combination of semantic translation and tracing is used. If we find the name Chief White Halfoat in an English text, then it can be transmitted in various ways: Chief White Halfoat (transcription), Chief White Oat (semantic translation), Chief White Halfoat (mixed translation: a combination of semantic translation and transcription).

In addition to proper names, the group of units translated through translation transcription also includes the names of peoples and tribes, geographical names, names of business institutions, companies, firms, periodicals, names of hockey and other sports teams, stable groups of rock musicians, cultural objects etc. Most of these names are relatively easy to translate or, less commonly, transliterate:

Bank of London - BankofLondon, Wall Street Journal - Wall Street Journal, the Capitol - Capitol.

When transcribing geographical names, a stress shift often occurs due to the phonetic preferences of the translating language: Florida (stress on the first syllable), Florida (stress on the second syllable), Washington (stress on the first syllable), Washington (stress on the last syllable).

There is a rule according to which, if the name includes significant word, mixed translation is often used, that is, a combination of transcription and semantic translation:

Gulf of Mexico - Gulf of Mexico;

River Thames - River Thames;

the Pacific Ocean - Pacific Ocean;

Hilton Hotel - Hilton Hotel;

Mayflower Restaurant - Mayflower restaurant.

Transcription is used when translating the names of firms, companies, publishing houses, car brands, periodicals, for example:

Subaru - Subaru;

Ford Mustang - FordMustang;

Facts On File - FactsOnFile;

New Press Quarterly - NewPressQuarterly.

However, the names of educational institutions, as a rule, are subject to partial or complete semantic translation:

Western Michigan University - Western Michigan University;

Cherry Hill High School - Cherry Hill's highest school;

St.Petersburg State University - St. Petersburg State University.

1. Adhere to some system of international transcription or inter-alphabetic correspondence.

2. Almost all proper names are subject to transcription/transliteration, including names of people, geographical names, names of companies (when they are in the nature of a personal name), periodicals, folklore characters, names of countries and peoples, names of national and cultural realities, etc.

3. The application of transcription to the translation of names found in the text requires a preliminary cultural analysis of possible traditional forms of a given name that have already been established in the world or translating culture and require reproduction exactly in the form in which they exist.

4. Most newly introduced terms are subject to transcription/transliteration special areas. Here, however, it should be remembered that in many cases there is no need to transliterate a foreign word if this word in the target language has a one-to-one correspondence, which was either used previously in a similar meaning or is applicable as a newly introduced term. The introduction into use of parallel transliteration terms along with already existing terms from among the units of the target language is essentially equivalent to the creation of professional jargon, that is, it goes beyond the literary norm and introduces unnecessary “information noise” into the process of intercultural communication.

5. Transcription/transliteration can be used as a component of mixed translation, in parallel with tracing, semantic translation or commentary.

To analyze the methods of translating lexical units, we selected several chapters of the famous book by K. Eric Drexler “Machines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology”, and attempted to assess the role of transcription and transliteration in them.

Below is a small list of foreign words and phrases from these chapters, for which, in turn, transcription or transliteration was used when translating into Russian. Note that such a technique as transcription already takes place when translating the author of a work.

K. Eric Drexler - K. Eric Drexler (transcription);

Genex Corporation - Genex Corporation (a combination of transcription and semantic translation);

KEVIN ULMER - KEVIN ULMER (transliteration);

Carl Pabo - Carl Pabo (transliteration);

journal Nature - Nature journal (a combination of transcription and semantic translation);

Garrett Hardin - Garrett Hardin (transliteration);

Frederick Blattner - Frederick Blattner (transcription);

journal Science - Science journal (combination of transcription and semantic translation);

William Rastetter - William Rastetter (transcription);

Genentech - Dzhenentek (transcription);

bulk technology - bulk technology (a combination of transcription and semantic translation);

Forrest Carter - Forrest Carter (transliteration);

Ari Aviram - Ari Aviram (transliteration);

Philip Seiden - Philip Seiden (transcription);

VLSI Research Inc. - VLS-I Research Inc. (transcription);

San Jose - San Jose (transcription);

NEC - N-I-Si (transcription);

Hitachi - Hitachi (transcription);

Toshiba - Toshiba (transcription)

Matsushita - Matsushita (transcription);

Fujitsu- Fugetsu (transcription);

Sanyo-Denki - Sanyo-Denki (transcription);

Sharp - Sharp (transcription);

R.B. Merrifield - R.B. Merrifield (transliteration);

Charles Babbage - Charles Babbage (transcription);

Augusta Ada - Augusta Ada (transliteration);

Countess of Lovelace - Countess Lovelace (combination of transcription and semantic translation);

Danny Hillis - Danny Hillis (transliteration);

Brian Silverman - Brian Silverman (transliteration);

Tinkertoy - Tinkertoy (transliteration);

Eli Lilly - Eli Lilly (transcription);

Indianapolis - Indianapolis (transliteration);

Humulin - Humulin (transcription);

Richard Feynman - Richard Feynman (transliteration);

KARL K. DARROW - KARL K. DARROW (transliteration);

Penicillin - Penicillin (transliteration);

Dr. Seymour Cohen - Dr. Seymour Cohen (transcription);

Stony Brook - Stony Brook (transcription);

New York - New York (transcription);

SUNY-SUNY (transcription);

Upjohn Company - Upjohn Company (transcription);

Vasopressin - Vasopressin (transliteration);

Mona Lisa - Mona Lisa (transliteration);

ribosome - ribosome (transliteration);

lipofuscin - lipofucin (transliteration);

nucleotide - nucleotide (transliteration);

biostasis - biostasis (transliteration);

metabolism - metabolism (transliteration);

Senetek - Sinetek (transcription);

Eastman Kodak - Eastman Kodak (transcription);

ICNPharmaceuticals - ICN Pharmaceuticals (transcription);

JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES- JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES (transcription).

As we can see, when translating such words or phrases, a large number of errors and inaccuracies can be made. Therefore, it is necessary to know the rules of translation and have a cultural reserve in order to translate them in the form in which they exist. But still, it should be remembered that the process of transliteration and transcription of a language unit is very conditional.

Currently, the technique of transliteration and transcription when translating text is used much less frequently than before. This is quite justified - the transfer of the sound or letter form of a foreign language lexical unit does not reveal its meaning, and such words remain incomprehensible to a reader who does not know the foreign language without appropriate explanations. Therefore, this technique when transmitting foreign language realities should be used very sparingly.

Bibliography

Gilyarevsky R.S., Starostin B.A. Foreign names and titles in Russian text. 3rd ed., rev. and additional M.: Higher. school, 1985.

2. Leenson I.A. Who are Sean and Xiong, or How does transcription differ from transliteration? // Chemistry and life. No. 10. 2008. Internet source www.elementy.ru. Access mode: http://elementy.ru/lib/430680 on 10.20.10.

3. Korzhova S.B. Translation theory: textbook. a manual for students with additional qualifications “Translator in the field of professional communication” of full-time study. Tyumen, 2007.

4. Translation agency. Internet source www.lingvo-plus.ru. Access mode: http://www.lingvo-plus.ru/transkripc on 10.20.10.

5. Kommisarov V.N. Translation theory (linguistic aspects). Internet source www.classes.ru. Access mode: http://www.classes.ru/grammar/43.Teoriya_perevoda Lingvicticheskiye_aspekty.html on 10.20.10.

6. Nosenko I.A. A manual for translating scientific and technical literature from in English into Russian. M.: Higher. school, 1974.

7. Golikova Zh.A. Translation from English to Russian. M.: New Knowledge LLC, 2004.

8. Rubtsova M.G. Learning to read English scientific and technical literature. Lexico-grammatical reference book. M.: Nauka, 1989.

9. Dmitrieva L.F. English language. Translation course. M.-Rostov-on-Don: MarT, 2005.

To prepare this work, materials from the site were used

Hello dear readers!

In an age when well developed international relationships, people travel around different countries, you have to fill out quite a lot of documents. And here many questions immediately arise. The article “Transliteration into English” will help you resolve them.

Basic Rules

Transliteration is the transfer of the spelling of letters of one language with the letters of another. Since the Russian alphabet and phonetics are significantly different, it is sometimes quite difficult to convey our sounds with the letters of a foreign language. Remember the last one about coordinating tenses?

For example, the sounds [zh,] [yo], [th] have no correspondence. Because of this, many disputes and disagreements arise. Over time, the rules change, so I will show you the latest transliteration rules 2018. I will show you the translation in the table:

This year, foreign passports are already being issued according to a new model. What has changed is that Kommersant began to be designated in contrast to the previous rules. The letter T is now written as TS, not TC. Where Y was used, I is now placed. Do you know how to correctly transliterate into English?

Be careful when filling out documents. Correct transliteration from Russian into English is very important. If an error is found in your passport, this document is invalid and must be changed.

Subscribe to my blog. Find even more useful articles and rules, and you will also receive as a gift - a basic phrasebook in three languages, English, German and French. Its main advantage is that there is Russian transcription, so even without knowing the language, you can easily master colloquial phrases.

To help you avoid unpleasant situations, I will demonstrate examples of names, surnames and patronymics written in Latin letters: Valerii Anatolevich Sukhorukov, Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Izmailova, Stanislav Petrovich Shukshin, Iana Fedorovna Shcherbak.
If you still have doubts, you can check the transliteration of the keyboard from Russian to English online on various sites. But be careful to make sure they comply with the new rules. By the way, often when purchasing air tickets there is an automatic translation into Latin. Remember about the participle phrase?

Table with examples of surnames

But everything is not limited to the first and last name. What if you are asked to provide an address, for example, when sending a parcel or filling out any other document. The street name follows the above rule, but the country and city must already be translated into English. Of course, if there is a translation. Did you remember about the possessive form in English?

For example, the city of Irkutsk will remain Irkutsk. You also need to remember the abbreviations of words such as house, street and others. I suggest you get acquainted with them in the table:

The writing order is different for all countries, so you should clarify this issue.

If you are filling out documents in the UK you need to follow this scheme:

House number, street name
City
Index
A country
For example, 41, Pushkinskaia street, Moscow, Russia, 450002

I hope that the information was useful to you. If you want to learn more about the languages, culture and way of life of European countries, subscribe to the Viva Europe blog.

I was with you, a philologist of the English language, Ekaterina Martynova.
Have a nice day, everyone!

Transcription is the recording of words foreign language using the alphabet of another language, taking into account their pronunciation in that particular language.

Transcription and transliteration are methods of translating a lexical unit of the original by recreating its form using the letters PL. When transcribing, the sound form of a foreign language word is reproduced, and when transliterating its graphic form (letter composition).

The leading method in modern translation practice is transcription while preserving some elements of transliteration. Since the phonetic and graphic systems of languages ​​differ significantly from each other, the transmission of the form of a foreign language word in the target language is always somewhat conditional and approximate.
(Source: V.N. Komissarov. Theory of translation (linguistic aspects)

Transcription, transliteration and tracing during translation (lingvo-plus.ru)
Transcription is the reproduction of the sound of a foreign word, and transliteration is the reproduction of the letter composition of a foreign word in the target language. The most common type of translation in translation is a symbiosis of transcription and transliteration. Due to the fact that the phonetic and graphic structures of different languages ​​are very different from each other, the process of transliteration and transcription of a language unit is very conditional.