Which household gas reducer to choose? Why do you need a gas reducer? How to choose a gas reducer

Not all settlements and dacha areas are connected to the centralized gas supply. Unfortunately, there are still towns and villages in which bottled gas is actively used. For him safe use required gas reducer– a device that reduces fuel pressure to the values ​​required for stoves and boilers.

We will tell you everything about the guidelines for choosing a reduction device. The information we provide will help you buy the most suitable gearbox for installation on gas cylinder. We describe in detail the types of devices and the criteria according to which preference should be given to a particular model.

Those wishing to independently install and connect the reduction device will be helped in detail by step by step instructions. Here you will find rules, compliance with which will protect you and extend your service life. gas installations. The article is illustrated with photographs and supplemented with video tutorials.

Stable operation of the gas system depends on the quality and compatibility of all its components. When choosing a gearbox, it is necessary to take into account the compliance of its parameters with the needs of the devices connected through it.

Area of ​​application of devices

For a gearbox, the following indicators are considered as the main characteristics:

• the type of gas that passes through the device;
• method of connection to the system;
• output pressure range;
• maximum performance;
• operating temperature range.

Cylinders with reducers can be installed inside or outside the house.

The room in which the equipment is installed is subject to increased requirements for air exchange with the ability to quickly ventilate in the event of an emergency. The outdoor option saves space inside the building and is safer in case of flammable gas leaks.

The pressure reducing device is designed to reduce the pressure of the gas pumped into the cylinder to the operating values ​​required for normal functioning gas equipment

Based on the type of gas passed through, reducers are divided into the following types, each of which is painted in a specific color for additional identification:

• acetylene – white;
• hydrogen – dark green;
• oxygen – blue;
• propane-butane – red;
• methane - red.

The color marking of gearboxes manufactured outside of Russia may differ.

The reducer, designed for a cylinder with a propane-butane mixture, is painted red. Devices designed for other gases cannot be used for liquefied hydrocarbons.

The characteristics of the purchased gearbox must correspond to the parameters of the device with which it will be installed. Correct calibration of the output gas flow power is also important.

If the pressure value goes beyond the permissible range, the automation of a modern gas appliance will turn it off. If it is not equipped with such protection, then an emergency situation may arise.

Gearboxes, as potentially dangerous equipment, are subject to mandatory certification. If you have doubts about the factory origin of the purchased device, you must request a certificate of conformity.

System connection standards

To connect the reducer to a gas cylinder or to a supply line, 3 standards of threaded connections are usually used:

• W 21.8 x 1/14 – cylindrical thread standard DIN 477/T1, in Russia the abbreviation SP 21.8 is often used for it;
• G– cylindrical pipe thread, where the number after the letter indicates the nominal diameter in inches;
• M– metric thread, where the first number after the letter indicates the nominal diameter, and the second – the thread pitch in millimeters.

Symbols "LH" indicate that a left-hand thread is used.

Some simple devices are equipped with only one connection option. The popular Type 724B gearbox from Italian manufacturer“Gavana Group S.p.A” is equipped with a left-hand inlet thread W 21.8 x 1/14 for a standard metal cylinder. At the outlet there is a right-hand half-inch internal thread for connecting a bellows liner without any adapters.

A more complex device Type 733 with a pressure regulation function from the same manufacturer already has 6 options for inlet threads: for metal and composite cylinders, for a multi-valve and 3 more connections. This model also has 3 output thread options.

If the input or output threads of the gearbox do not match or liners, then use special adapters. However, the number of such connections must be minimized as they increase the risk of leakage. With standard gas equipment, it is not difficult to find a reducer with a suitable connection format.

Installation and startup procedure

First of all, installation is carried out without connecting it to the cylinder. Then the reducer nut is installed on the cylinder valve and after that the hoses are connected to it.

During this operation, the taps of the gas-consuming appliance, floor-standing gas boiler, stove, must be in the “closed” position. Before attaching the gearbox, to loosen the spring, you must turn out the adjusting screw until it stops.

The type of adjusting screw in the form of a valve is more convenient than a device that needs to be tightened with a screwdriver. However, it is necessary to limit children's access to such a device.

If you use an ordinary flexible hose, then to simplify the procedure, the reducer fitting can be moistened with water. This connection must be secured with a screw clamp. Bellows hoses are connected using a threaded adapter, which is screwed in instead of a fitting.

After installing the system, it is necessary to check for gas leakage with the devices not working. To do this, you need to tighten the gas flow valve (if there is one) and unscrew the adjusting screw to loosen the spring as much as possible.

If, after establishing the pressure difference, the pressure gauge needle shows a gradual increase in pressure, then the reducer cannot be used.

After assembling the entire system, it is necessary to ensure the flow of gas from the cylinder to the reducer and by rotating the adjusting screw to set the required outlet pressure. Then you need to coat the connections from the cylinder to the consuming device with a soapy solution to check them for gas leaks.

If the consuming device is a gas stove, then it is necessary to light the burners sequentially. If the flame on each of the burners is not blue, then you need to reduce the pressure on the reducer.

An orange or yellow burner flame means incomplete combustion fuel. This leads to significant emissions of carbon monoxide, which can be dangerous when using the stove for a long time

When checking the functionality of the burners at minimum heat, there may be a problem with their attenuation. To solve this, you need to either slightly increase the output pressure using the regulator on the gas cylinder reducer, or change the position of the flow screw on the stove itself.

If the problems described above are not typical for all burners, then the jets on the problematic parts of the stove need to be cleaned or replaced. If a gas leak occurs during system startup, the shut-off valve must be completely closed. Then you need to ventilate the room and begin troubleshooting.

Required pressure and volume

The throughput of the reducer must ensure the operation of all devices connected to the system at maximum gas consumption. Some of the problem in determining the required parameters is the use of different units of measurement.

There are two pressure units for gas appliances: pascals (Pa) and bars (br). For a gearbox, the inlet pressure is determined in megapascals (1 MPa = 10 6 Pa) or bars, and the outlet pressure in pascals or millibars (1 mbr = 10 -3 br). The conversion of pressure values ​​between these units of measurement is carried out using the formula:

1 br = 10 5 Pa

The volume of gas passed through the reducer and consumed by the devices can also be represented by two quantities: kilograms and cubic meters.

The input and output pressure parameters of most Russian devices are indicated in pascals. On foreign devices, as a rule, pressure is indicated in bars

The indicators can be correlated using data on the density of the main bottled gases (kg/m3) at a temperature of 19 0 C and standard atmospheric pressure:

• nitrogen: 1.17;
• argon: 1.67;
• acetylene: 1.10;
• butane: 2.41;
• hydrogen: 0.08;
• helium: 0.17;
• oxygen: 1.34;
• propane: 1.88;
• carbon dioxide: 1.85.

When recalculating indicators for household stoves, a problem may arise related to the proportion of propane and butane in gas cylinders. Their percentage ratio for different climatic regions is regulated by GOST 20448-90.

The density of the gas mixture depends on its percentage composition. For example, with a stated ratio of 60% propane and 40% butane, the gas density can be calculated as follows:

q = 1.88 * 0.6 + 2.41 * 0.4 = 2.09 kg/m3.

So, if maximum flow gas of a four-burner stove is 0.84 m 3 /hour, then the reducer must ensure the passage of the same volume. In terms of kilograms, this value will be 2.09 * 0.84 = 1.76 kg/hour.

GOST 20448-90 allows a fairly wide range of percentage values ​​of both gases in the propane-butane mixture. This creates some uncertainty when calculating its density

To the calculated value of the maximum throughput of the gearbox you need to add 25%.

This is due to the following reasons:

• gas mixture parameters may vary depending on the region, time of year and supplier;
• The density of the gas, which is taken in the calculations, depends on its temperature;
• there may be a loss of elasticity of the spring, which regulates the volume of the low-pressure chamber in the gearbox, resulting in a decrease in its maximum throughput.

Sometimes, complete with modern equipment, they offer a pressure-tested reducer with a pressure regulator in case of using a propane gas cylinder. This option is optimal from the point of view fire safety and system performance.

Design features and maintenance

Problem-free operation of the system is impossible without regular maintenance and elimination of minor gearbox faults. To do this, you need to know the design of the device and the signs of typical problems.

Diagram of direct and reverse acting devices

According to the type of design, gearboxes are divided into direct and reverse acting devices. In the first case, the excess pressure of the incoming gas is directed to open the valve, in the second - the insufficient pressure in the working chamber of the device.

The design of single-chamber direct and reverse acting gearboxes is simple. The absence of complex components is the reason for a long service life without breakdowns if the product is made with high quality

The basic elements of both types of gearbox designs are the same:

1. fitting through which gas is supplied;
2. pressure gauge high pressure, showing the pressure value of the gas supplied to the device;
3. a return spring that works to close the valve;
4. high pressure chamber;
5. a valve whose position regulates the volume of gas passed through;
6. safety valve, triggered when unacceptable pressure is reached in the working chamber;
7. low pressure pressure gauge, which determines the value of the working gas pressure;
8. working chamber (low pressure);
9. an adjusting screw that determines the position of the membrane;
10. main spring;
11. working chamber membrane;
12. pin between the main spring and the bypass valve.

Reverse-acting gearboxes have become more widespread because they are more reliable.

There are models equipped with a pneumatic pressure sensor, where instead of the main spring, gas acts on the membrane, ensuring the balance of the system.

As a rule, the adjusting screw is tight. This is due to the prevention of spontaneous changes in position under the influence of forces directed at the membrane. When it rotates clockwise, the volume of the working chamber decreases and the pressure of the escaping gas increases.

In ordinary gearboxes, the unevenness of the output pressure depends on the value of the input pressure and, as a rule, reaches 15-20%. Two-stage (or two-chamber) models are used when it is necessary to maintain the exact pressure of the exhaust gases.

Such gearboxes have a more complex design and slightly larger dimensions. They cost more than their single-stage counterparts. Therefore, if there is no need, their use is inappropriate.

Periodic inspection and service work

For long-term and proper operation In order to maintain the gearbox, it is necessary to carry out simple procedures on it periodically. Once a week you need to record the pressure gauge readings. As the elasticity of the springs decreases, a slow but constant decrease or increase in pressure is possible.

The following actions must be performed once a quarter:

• Check the tightness of the mating gaskets, safety valve and pressure gauges with the device body. This procedure can be performed by applying a soap solution to areas of possible gas leaks.
• Bleed the safety valve and to prevent it from sticking. To do this, you need to connect the gearbox to the source compressed air and with the outlet closed, increase the pressure until the protective mechanism operates.

Repair and maintenance work that involves physical impact on the device body (including tightening threaded connections) cannot be carried out when the gearbox is under pressure.

This is dangerous due to the release and ignition of flammable gases. In addition, a sudden depressurization of the device may occur with possible physical harm to people in the room.

Specialists gas service are required to conduct an annual technical inspection of equipment, identify non-compliance with safety requirements and issue instructions with an algorithm for eliminating them

Typical faults and their repair

Gas leaks and pressure deviations outside the standard range can be eliminated independently. The first problem may be caused by the following reasons:

• depressurization of the housing;
• membrane damage.

The passage of gas through a loose connection of the housing elements can be eliminated by replacing the liner or using silicone sealant. The damaged membrane must be replaced with a similar element from the repair kit.

The reasons for the deviation in pressure value may be:

• Spring problem. It is necessary to disassemble the gearbox and determine the cause of the malfunction. If the spring is displaced, it must be corrected; if broken, it must be replaced. If there is a loss of elasticity, then it is enough to place a hard gasket under it.
• Leakage of compressed gas in devices with a pneumatic principle of pressure on the membrane. It is very difficult to fix the problem on your own. The gearbox needs to be replaced.
• Membrane problem. If a rupture occurs, it is necessary to replace the device assembly, and if there is a loss of tightness at the connection points with the washers, this malfunction must be eliminated by tightening the edges.
• Bypass valve problem. If the rubber gasket is worn out, it must be replaced. If the movement of the rocker arm is disrupted, the hinges must be replaced.

Considering the low cost of gearboxes, it is advisable to repair it only if a quick replacement is impossible. If, as a result of actions with the device, it was disassembled, then for safety reasons it is necessary to check its tightness during the first start-up.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video #1. Design of a simple gearbox for five-liter cylinders:

Video #2. An example of repair of common gearboxes of the BKO series:

The selection of a reducer for a system based on liquefied gas must be made taking into account the required pressure parameters and throughput volume. Simple maintenance and timely elimination of minor faults will allow the device to perform its functions for a long time and efficiently.

Please write comments in the block below. Tell us about the choice of reducer that you installed on the gas cylinder, write about the rules for operating the device. Ask questions, share your opinion and photographs on the topic of the article.

Why do you need a reducer for a gas cylinder? The easiest way to answer the question is by comparing household reducer for a gas cylinder with a voltage regulator. For a thrifty owner, the use of an electrical stabilizer has long become the norm. A gas reducer for a cylinder is used for exactly the same purpose - to stabilize the pressure coming from the gas cylinder to our household appliances.

Reducing gas pressure to operating parameters that ensure stable operation of the equipment- this is the main task that it performs balloon reduction device.The characteristics of the inlet pressure are important for household appliances where the energy source is blue fuel.

It would seem that after we have found out why a cylinder reducer for propane and butane is needed, we can finish the article, say goodbye to the readers, and submit the work for publication. However, not everything is so simple, and it turns out that the gas reducer carries out its work according to absolutely two different principles actions and is divided into two types of devices.

How does a cylinder reducer work:

1 Direct gearbox

An ordinary simple gas pressure reducing device consists of two chambers with an area of ​​high and low pressure, separated by a rubber membrane. In addition, the “reducer” is equipped with an inlet and outlet fitting. Modern devices are designed so that they are screwed directly into the gearbox. Increasingly, you can find a gas reducer with a third fitting intended for mounting the monomer.

After gas is supplied through the hose and then through the fitting, it enters the chamber. The created gas pressure tends to open the valve. WITH reverse side a shut-off spring presses on the valve, returning it back to a special seat, colloquially called a “seat”. Returning to its place, the valve prevents the uncontrolled flow of high-pressure gas from the cylinder.

Membrane

Second effective force Inside the gearbox there is a rubber membrane that divides the device into high and low pressure areas. The membrane acts as an “assistant” to high pressure and, in turn, tends to lift the valve from the seat, opening the passage. Thus, the membrane is between two opposing forces. One surface is pressed by a pressure spring (not to be confused with the return spring of the valve), which wants to open the valve, on the other hand, the gas that has already passed into the low pressure zone presses on it.

The compression spring has manual adjustment of the pressure applied to the valve. We advise you to buy a gas reducer with a seat for a pressure gauge, this way it will be easier for you to adjust the spring pressure to the desired output pressure values.

As gas leaves the reducer to the source of consumption, the pressure in the working space chamber decreases, allowing the pressure spring to straighten. She then begins to push out the valve from its seat, again allowing the device to fill with gas. Accordingly, the pressure creeps up, pressing on the membrane and reducing the size of the pressure spring. The valve moves back into the seat narrowing the gap, reducingfilling the reducer with gas. The process is then repeated until the pressure is equalized to the set value.

It must be admitted that Direct type gearboxes for gas cylinders, due to their complex design, are not in high demand; reverse type gearboxes are much more widespread; by the way, they are considered devices with a high degree of safety.

2 Reverse gearbox

The operation of the device consists of the opposite action described above. Liquefied blue fuel is supplied to a chamber where high pressure is created. The bottled gas accumulates and prevents the valve from opening. To ensure gas flow into the household appliance, you need to turn the regulator in the direction of the right-hand thread.

On the back of the regulator handle there is a long screw, which, when screwed, presses on the pressure spring. As it contracts, it begins to bend the elastic membrane to the upper position. Thus, the transfer disk, through the rod, exerts pressure on the return spring. The valve begins to move and begins to open slightly, increasing the gap . Blue fuel rushes into the gap and fillsworking chamber with low pressure.

In the working chamber, in the gas hose and in the cylinder, the pressure begins to increase. Under the influence of pressure, the membrane is straightened, assisted in this by a constantly compressed spring. As a result of mechanical interactions, the transfer disk lowers, weakening the return spring, which tends to return the valve to its seat. By closing the gap, the flow of gas from the cylinder into the working chamber is naturally limited. Then, with a decrease in pressure in the bellows liner, the reverse process starts.

In a word, as a result of checks and balances, the swing can be balanced and the gas reducer automatically maintains balanced pressure, without sudden jumps and drops.

Types of gas reducers

From the school course, the concept of non-flammable – inert gas – comes to mind. This broad group includes nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, etc. they do not support combustion and do not burn. Found widespread as a shielding gas in welding work Oh. On the other hand, there are flammable gases (butane, hydrogen, methane, propane, propylene, etc.), which either liquefy or compress and then move their cylinders. So, in order to prevent confusion, engineers, even at the production stage, suggested cutting versatile threads.

Thus, a gas reducer intended for use in a group of flammable gases is manufactured with a left-hand thread. The opposite thread turning to the right provides a gas reducer for inert gases. Among other things, manufacturers use color dyeing to promote brighter highlighting.

Before buying a gas reducer for a cylinder, we advise you to pay attention to the throughput of the device. The optimal solution would be to buy a 2nd generation gas reducer. Before making a purchase, you must make sure that the selected model meets the gas flow parameters sufficient for the consuming device.

Application

Gas reducers are widely used in households and private households. They are operated on all types of gas and are used in a wide variety of industries. The gas reducer can be found in agriculture, in the construction complex, in medical institutions, and just at a country house.

For example, an oxygen reducer is used both in welding work and in providing medical care. As for acetylene gas reducers, you can find them in any mechanic shop.

Propane reducers are indispensable during construction work; you cannot do without them in activities related to laying roofing and bitumen materials. Gas reducer on propane tank has become not a luxury, but a necessity; with its help, millions of housewives regulate the pressure coming from cylinders to gas stoves. A propane reducer often has a funny name, and if you ask in a store whether you can buy a frog reducer for a gas cylinder, then rest assured, the seller will perfectly understand your request.

Reducer for gas cylinder

Since we are choosing a reducer for a gas cylinder, we consider it necessary to touch upon the topic of the container itself. The technological process and widespread introduction of new innovative materials are bearing fruit. You can increasingly find new composite cylinders on the market, replacing the old generation. Modern models, unlike outdated predecessors, have less weight and offer a greater level of safety. The latest manufacturing technologies undergo multi-level testing; at testing sites, the composite cylinder is subjected to an explosion, but even after such tests you will not find small fragments.

Composite cylinders are not subject to internal corrosion, are lightweight and comfortable. However, they do not know how to supply gas evenly on their own. A filled cylinder, of course, produces more powerful pressure than a half-empty one. A gas regulator will come to the rescue; its task is to regulate the pressure at the outlet of the composite cylinder and maintain it at the required level throughout the entire period of use.

Have a good time together work with composite cylinders, show gas pressure reducers, phave received European certification. Let's highlight one of these devices: the household gas reducer A300i-A310i IGT. On to the positives the following should be included Product characteristics:

• the presence of a nut that can be tightened by hand;
• service life of the control membrane increased to 10 years;
• the design ensures maximum sealing of the connecting elements;
• the gas hose on a fitting without a thread is clamped with a clamp.

Despite the fact that the importance of the device is difficult to overestimate in creating conditions safe operation stove or other appliance, household reducers for gas cylinders are usually sold at an affordable price. Despite the fact that the price rarely exceeds 300 -400 rubles, these devices can protect against dangerous situations not only your homes, but also your life.

Choosing a gas pressure reducing device is not a complicated process, but you should know and take into account such details as:

• The name of the gas passing through the device;
• Characteristics of the cylinder;
• Dimensions, type;
• Required flow and outlet pressure;
• Connection method.

Gas reducers for gas cylinder, price and types

Let's try to choose a reducer for gas cylinders, from those popular types that are in greatest demand among consumers. Let’s take a look at the gas appliance market and find out what the price for a gas reducer for a cylinder was at the end of 2017.

Household gas reducer RDSG for propane stabilization

The leading position in the market, and among consumers in the country, is occupied by the RDSG-1-1.2 “Frog” device with a threaded fastening. The RDSG-2 Baltika gearbox equipped with a threadless connection is not inferior in popularity. Both leaders represent the simplest design. As a result, they can offer the lowest possible cost.
Passport characteristics:
- inlet pressure from 0.7 to 15.7 Bar;
- outlet pressure lies in the adjustment range from 30 to 32 mBar;
- device weight 310 g;
- permissible operation in the range from -30 to +45 ±3 °C;
- gas throughput characteristic - 1.2 m3/hour.
You can buy a gearbox RDSG 2-1.2 Baltika or RDSG 1-1.2 Frog for up to 350 rubles.

It remains to add that the gas reducer is not a universal device. Each model can only work on one specific gas fuel. Before purchasing, carefully check your documents and passport details. Each gearbox has its own purpose and some of them are designed for propane, others for methane, others for argon and so on. They are not interchangeable, so be careful.

Compliance with simple safety rules will preserve your property, health and ensure a stable supply of gas from the cylinder to your device. Due to the low price of household appliances, we advise you to give preference to trusted manufacturers with a reputation as a reliable supplier.

Do not connect your device “directly”; the results of such a connection will most likely turn out to be an unexpected problem for you. WITH increased attention handle cylinders containing compressed gas (pump it under a pressure of 250 bar). The price for the “Frog” is not at all expensive, so you can save money on this. It is much more prudent to get one than to spend money later on eliminating the consequences of the disaster.

We offer a video review of the device:

Hello, dear readers. Do you know what a gas reducer is needed for? Where can it be used and what are its types?

When people live where there is no central gas pipeline, they are forced to use a gas cylinder. It is filled with a butane-propane composition. IN industrial conditions other fillers, such as acetylene, methane and hydrogen. They and household gas have a similar feature - explosiveness. And in order to regulate and secure the release of substances from such a cylinder, special adapters are used - reducers. This is the main fixed annuity interest rate reason why a reducer is needed on a gas cylinder.

Other reasons why it is needed are as follows:

1. Stabilization of pressure in the system. Inverse models can save required level providing devices with gas and at an extremely low concentration in the cylinder.
2. Explosion protection.
3. Prevents air from entering the container. Indeed, in this case, even with a modest spark, the cylinder will explode.
4. Developing the reliability of the entire system.

Operating principle

Why do you need a gas reducer - for control of escaping substances, safety, etc. What is the principle of its operation? The principle is:

The substance comes from the main container. There it is kept under pressure of more than 150 atm. When it is sent into the pipeline and to household equipment, the payday loans gallatin tn reducer brings the pressure parameter to a minimum. The range of values ​​is determined by the type of equipment. Usually it is 10 – 70 atm.

For example, a gas pressure of 1 atm is sufficient to operate a household stove.

Species

The types of gearboxes differ in the following ways:

1. View. Post model - for cylinders. Central - for pipelines.
2. Working method.
3. Connection type.
4. Appearance.
5. Throughput potential.
6. Reduction level. 1 or 2 cameras.

There are household and industrial types. The latter are equipped with pressure gauges.

Since the importance of a reducer for a gas tank is great (safety, stable operation, etc.), then the question of whether a reducer is needed for a gas cylinder disappears instantly.

And when choosing a device, you should take into account the compliance of its dimensions with the needs of the equipment connected through it.

Cylinders with these devices are placed inside or outside the house. In the first situation, the room should have the option of rapid ventilation in case of a dangerous situation.

The outdoor version is safer.

Types of devices according to such criteria as gas flow:

1. Acetylene. The gearbox is white.
2. Hydrogen. Dark green color of the device.
3. Oxygen. The gearbox is blue.
4. Propane-butane. Red gearbox.
5. Methane. Also red.

What kind of reducer is needed for a gas cylinder? The answer is point 4.

Versions designed for other gases are prohibited for use with liquefied hydrocarbon mixtures.

The characteristics of the device must be equal to those of the cylinder and the device on which it is mounted.

Proper adjustment of the power of the outgoing gas flows is also of great importance. When the parameters exceed the permissible values, the automation in modern gas technology turns it off. If the equipment does not have such protection, an accident may occur.

Gearboxes are also required to be certified.

There are the following standards for connecting to a gas tank (by thread):

1. W 21.8 x 1/14 – cylinder type DIN 477/T1. Abbreviated as SP 21.8
2. G – pipe-cylinder type. The number after the letter is the template diameter (measurement in inches).
3. M – metric. After the letter there are two numbers. The first is diameter. The second is the thread distance (in mm).

For connection, you can use a regular flexible hose. The fitting of the device is wetted with water. A screw clamp is used to secure the connection.

To connect bellows hoses, an adapter with thread is used. It is screwed in to replace the fitting. After which a check occurs - gas is passed through with the PMI 2013 devices not turned on. The gas consumption valve is unscrewed and the control screw is turned out. The spring is extremely weakened. When the pressure gauge reflects a smooth development of pressure, the device is not suitable.

Having assembled the system, you need to arrange the flow of gas from the tank to the reducer. You need to rotate the adjusting screw to set the optimal pressure at the outlet section. The contact points are moistened with a soapy mixture. This is a gas leak test.

Specifics

As already noted, gearboxes can be domestic and industrial. Also universal models.

Consumer versions may not be customizable.

These are simple models. They are used in everyday life and play and earn money in nature. RDSG products are installed together with household gas cylinders. They have a very simple design. Due to this, gas can only be used in household stoves. These products are inexpensive and very reliable. There is also a Frog type gearbox, there is a model. They should only be used in cylinders with a volume of 12 - 50 liters.

The class of universal customizable gearboxes has more complex design And greater potential. This is an excellent option for domestic use and for work in home workshop. The products are attached to the cylinders using a threaded method and are fixed securely.

They have a pressure gauge and an adjusting screw that allows you to vary the functional pressure within the range of 0 - 0.3 MPa. Their highest throughput potential is 5 m 3 /hour.

Some modifications have two pressure gauges. They reflect input and functional pressure.

Often, many summer residents and hikers ask questions such as: is a gearbox needed for a gas burner? And is a gearbox needed for a cash advance businesses gas stove in the country? Stable and safe work any gas appliances and in any conditions is always necessary. Even if there is no urgent need for gearboxes, it won’t hurt to be on the safe side. It remains to decide which gearbox is needed for the gas stove.

Since the stove and burner are propane based, a propane reducer is needed. You need to select these products by studying them and comparing their characteristics. The key ones are:

1. Purpose of the device.
2. Higher inlet pressure.
3. Functional pressure.
4. Higher gas consumption.
5. Attachment method.
6. Planned operational life.
7. Price.

For example, if you plan to connect a desktop portable stove only on weekends, the gas consumption according to your calculations is 5 liters per month, then you need a 5 liter capacity and a Baltika RDSG-2 reducer.

For a static stove with an oven, a capacity of 27 or 50 liters is required. A suitable gearbox is the Frog RDSG-2.

Questions often arise here - what does it do? Why is it named like that? What is its purpose?

Why do you need a frog gas reducer? Its functions, like those of other gas reducers, are pressure stabilization, safety, etc.

Why frog? This device is direct. In it, gas flows through a fitting. The valve opens and is pressed against the seat by a spring. High pressure gas does not penetrate into the chamber. The diaphragm displaces the valve from this seat. The pressure gradually decreases to the operating values ​​of the device to which the reducer is mounted.

The spring straightens. The valve is detached from the seat and does not interfere with gas flow. As the pressure increases, the spring presses the valve again, and gas does not flow. This principle is reminiscent of frog jumping. And the device is similar in shape to it.

If it is necessary to connect a composite container to a thermal umbrella, it is better to use imported products with a KLF connector

The professional model BPO 5-3 Krass is optimally suited for gas welding in a home workshop. It guarantees a flow rate of a maximum of 5 m 3 per hour and allows you to adjust the operating pressure to 0.4 MPa. And for this task it has a flywheel and a pressure gauge. Thanks to the latter, it is possible to scrupulously assign pressure to the needs of gas welding equipment.

Gun

Today, many owners use a heat gun to heat rooms or small houses.

It can also be attached to a cylinder. And here the question may arise - why do you need a gas reducer for a heat gun?

The fact is that pressure drops, especially increased pressure surges, are extremely dangerous for such a device. This is fraught with a rapid explosion. And here it is simply necessary to stabilize gas flows and their pressure. This must be much higher than in cases with burners.

Attaching the gun to the cylinder is easy. Connection method: gas hose. Its minimum length is 3 m. The optimal pressure is assigned to the reducer, usually 1.5 MPa.

The container and the gun are connected with this hose and union nuts. Paronite gaskets are placed under them. The position of the cylinder is only vertical. The tap opens only after it is installed.

HBO

Why do you need an LPG reducer and what are its types? This is a special device that converts a liquefied mixture, which is under powerful pressure, into a vapor mixture. And this mixture can be safely added to the engine.

There are usually 1-4 generations of this gearbox on the market. Each process has its own characteristics. The stable, coordinated operation of the car depends on the level of setup and operation of the device. This is also the answer to why do you need a gas reducer on a car?

Conclusion

Here it was explained why it is needed, the importance of a gearbox for a heat gun and a car. In essence, these are the same tasks - normalizing gas pressure and maintaining stable operation of the equipment.

The gas reducer is designed to stabilize the operation of the gas supply system. Its main task is to provide gas supply, the pressure value of which is optimal for normal operation gas pipeline network equipment. The responsibilities of the gearbox include automatically maintaining the operating pressure in the proper condition.

Classification of gas regulators

Before using a pressure reducer, you should familiarize yourself with its types and the main parameters by which these devices are classified.

Operating principle

According to the operating principle gas appliances There are direct and reverse types.

In direct-type gearboxes, the gas passing through the fitting acts on the valve using a spring, pressing it to the seat, thereby blocking high-pressure gas from entering the chamber. After pressing the valve membrane away from the seat, the pressure gradually decreases to the operating level of the gas appliance.

The principle of operation of the reverse type device is based on compressing the valve and blocking further gas supply. Using a special adjustable screw, the pressure spring is compressed, the membrane is bent, and the transfer disk acts on the return spring. The service valve is raised and gas flow to the equipment is resumed.

When the pressure of the system (cylinder, reducer, working equipment) increases in the reducer with the help of a spring, the membrane is straightened. The transfer disk, moving down, acts on the return spring and moves the valve towards the seat.

It should be noted that household reducers for reverse-action gas cylinders are safer.

Installation features

Based on positioning and installation features, devices are divided into ramp, network and balloon.

Ramp gas regulators necessary to reduce and stabilize the gas pressure level supplied by one source. The devices tend to reduce the operating pressure of gas supplied from a central pipeline or a number of sources. Used for large volumes of welding work. Network stabilizers maintain the low pressure value of the gas supplied from the distribution manifold.

Types of working gas

The specifics of operation, as well as the method of connecting the pressure regulator to the source, depend entirely on the properties of the working gas. According to the material used, the devices are as follows:

acetylene (A);

propanobutane (P);

oxygen (K);

methane (M).

Devices working with acetylene are fixed using a clamp and a stop screw, while for others they use a union nut with a thread identical to the thread of the fitting at the valve.

Housing color and regulator type

Propane reducers are painted red, acetylene - white, oxygen - blue, carbon dioxide - black. The color of the housing corresponds to the type of working gas medium.

Pressure stabilization devices are available for working with flammable and non-flammable media. The difference between them lies in the direction of the thread on the cylinder: for the former it is left-handed, for the latter it is right-handed.

Specifications

Gas pressure stabilization devices are characterized by maximum throughput and maximum outlet pressure.

The throughput of the regulator displays the maximum number of cubic meters of blue fuel processed within an hour. Industrial devices are capable of passing up to several hundred cubic meters per hour, while household devices are content with a few cubic meters.

The maximum gas pressure at the outlet is usually 1.6 atmospheres.

Reducers for household cylinders

A special group includes a household gas reducer. It is designed to reduce the pressure of propane, which flows from the cylinder into the furnace or gas boiler. Reducers used for stable operation of the cylinder have different shapes, dimensions, throughput, and weight.

To preserve and transport gas in a compressed and liquefied state, special gas cylinders have been developed - containers in which substances are contained under high pressure. There are two types of cylinders:

• metal,
• composite.

Gas regulator for composite cylinders

Composite cylinders, which successfully replace oversized and unsafe samples, are compact, weigh less and are more explosion-proof, and do not corrode inside. The operating conditions of new type cylinders require the use of regulators that meet the requirements of European standards.

One of these modifications is a reducer for a composite gas cylinder A300i-A310i, which has its own characteristics:

• free-tightening nut;
• Regulator gasket service life is 10 years;
• design that ensures reliable tightness of connections.

Application and selection of gearboxes

Gearboxes that stabilize operation various types gas are used in many industries, agriculture, construction and medicine.

For example, in the process of gas cutting welding equipment they use gearboxes to regulate the oxygen supply, and acetylene ones are used when working on the car body at a service station or when repairing and installing a pipeline, public utilities. In the trade industry, carbon dioxide reducers are used to saturate bottled drinks with carbon dioxide.

The main purpose of propane pressure stabilizers is the inlet and regulation of gas from cylinders to gas stoves, although they are also successfully used in construction work with roofing. A propane cylinder reducer is necessary when heating a private home.

When choosing a gas reducer for a cylinder with an outlet pressure regulator, you must take into account all the details: the gas that will serve the device, the type of gas cylinder used, what length and diameter it will have, what type of adapter for the cylinder is used.

If you select the wrong device, it is possible side effects, the regulator may whistle or hum. Therefore, it is recommended to operate gas equipment and regulators from the same manufacturer.

It is important to know why a gas cylinder is equipped with a pressure regulator and why this information is important. Each household regulator for a gas cylinder has its own specific purpose and is designed to work with a specific type of gas. Proper Use gas equipment - a guarantor of uninterrupted supply and safe operation of blue fuel.

Liquefied gas, which is used to fill cylinders for subsequent use, is always under increased pressure. To lower it, it is necessary to install on the cylinder special type shut-off and distribution valves – propane reducer. Subsequently, the reducer automatically maintains the specified level of gas pressure. According to safety regulations, the device is always painted bright red - the same color as propane cylinders.

Design and types

Propane (CH 3) 2 CH 2 is a natural gas with high calorific value: at 25°C its heat of combustion exceeds 120 kcal/kg. At the same time, it should be used with special precautions, since propane is odorless, but even with its concentration in the air of only 2.1% it is explosive. It is especially important that, being lighter than air (the density of propane is only 0.5 g/cm3), propane rises upward, and therefore, even at relatively low concentrations, poses a danger to human well-being.

A propane reducer must perform two functions - provide a strictly defined level of pressure when connecting any device to it, and guarantee the stability of such pressure values ​​during further operation. Most often, gas welding machines are used as such devices. gas heaters, heat guns and other types of heating equipment. This gas is also used for the propane cylinder of a car running on liquefied fuel.

There are two types of propane reducers - single- and double-chamber. The latter are used less frequently because they are more complex in design, and their distinctive ability to consistently reduce the gas pressure in two chambers is used in practice only with increased requirements for the permissible level of pressure drops. Common models of gearboxes are BPO 5-3, BPO5-4, SPO-6, etc. The second number in the symbol indicates the nominal pressure, MPa, at which the safety device is activated.

Structurally, a single-chamber propane reducer type BPO-5 (Cylinder Propane Single-Chamber) consists of the following components and parts:

1. Cases.
2. Pusher.
3. Valve seat.
4. Reducing spring.
5. Membranes.
6. Reducing valve.
7. Connecting nipple.
8. Inlet fitting.
9. Setting spring.
10. Mesh filter.
11. Pressure gauge.
12. Adjusting screw.

The main technical characteristics of propane reducers are:

• Maximum throughput capacity in terms of gas volume per unit of time, kg/h (marked with a number located immediately after the letter abbreviation; for example, a propane reducer type BPO-5 is designed to pass no more than 5 kg of propane per hour);
• Maximum gas inlet pressure, MPa. Depending on the size of the device, it can range from 0.3 to 2.5 MPa;
• Maximum outlet pressure; in most designs it is 0.3 MPa, and is adapted to a similar indicator for a gas-consuming unit.

All produced propane gearboxes must fully comply with the requirements of GOST 13861.

Operating principle of the gearbox

The device is connected to a gas cylinder using a union nut, the thread on which is strictly defined: Sp21.8LH (left). This is done in order to exclude the possibility of connecting a gearbox for other equipment. The connecting nut is made of brass and is necessarily equipped with a transition projection, which prevents possible gas leaks. When using propane cylinders manufactured according to the European standard KLF with already installed o-ring and a filter on the fitting, you will also need a special adapter.

A propane reducer works like this. The gas from the cylinder first passes through a mesh filter, from where it enters the lower chamber at high pressure. Next, the required operating pressure is adjusted. To do this, the adjusting screw is rotated clockwise, acting on the set spring. The spring pushes the pressure plate, and through the reducing spring, pusher and diaphragm transmits force to the reducing valve. It opens, and through the gap between the valve and its seat, it opens the way for propane into the working chamber. A low pressure gauge is used to monitor the actual gas pressure. In order to connect the hose of a gas burner, cutter or other unit to the device, an output connecting nipple is provided. For connection, a union nut with an M16×1.5LH thread is usually used.

When gas is supplied under initial pressure, the following occurs: the membrane closes the inlet valve (the level of pressure required for this depends on the area of ​​the membrane, its diameter and the setting of the drive spring). The level of propane pressure at the outlet of the reducer depends on the degree of blocking of the hole. Since the membrane moves abruptly when high-pressure gas is supplied, household gas reducers of this type are often called “frogs”. "Frog" - typical representative propane reducer, which is used to supply gas to simple household devices. Unlike the above-mentioned devices BPO 5-3, BPO 5-4, etc., the “frog” does not have a unit for adjusting the inlet gas pressure, and its performance is determined solely by the physical and mechanical characteristics of the membrane material. Therefore, such gearboxes are designed for use strictly in the conditions specified by the manufacturer. “Frogs”, as a rule, have reduced operational capabilities (in particular, flow rate and outlet pressure), but are more compact and have a lower price (290...350 rubles versus 450...700 rubles - for single-chamber devices or 1200...1300 rub. – for two-chamber). The “frog” can be connected using a clamp.

How to choose a propane reducer model?

Mandatory conditions for the industrial production devices under consideration must be:

1. The presence of a metal cover that fits tightly to the body.
2. Indelible marking indicating the pressure parameters for which the device is designed.
3. Universal connection nipple for commonly used hose diameters (6.3 mm, 9 mm).
4. Tight fit of all sealing parts (gaskets) to the corresponding surfaces. Typically, a soap solution is used to check this; when applied to the surface, no air bubbles should form.
5. Brass body (steel is prone to rust).
6. Convenient handwheel for moving the adjusting screw.
7. Spare gasket (optionally, an adapter for propane cylinders of European standard, Swedish or Norwegian production can also be included).
8. Compliance with domestic safety standards - GOST 12.2.052 - 81.

In the process of choosing the standard size of a propane reducer, it is also taken into account permissible level external temperatures at which its use does not pose a danger to others. Typically, the climatic class of these devices is UHL2, which allows the use of the gearbox in the temperature range of -25...+50°C. For the UHL class (temperate zone), the corresponding range is -15...+45°C. The coefficient of unevenness of the transmitted pressure should not exceed ±0.15.

The external condition of the device is also important for the possibility of using the gearbox. The body of the propane gearbox should not have surface dents or scratches, not to mention changes in shape. The same applies to the condition of the control pressure gauge. Before installing it in a stationary state, the pressure gauge should be checked for serviceability by supplying compressed air: if the instrument pointer is stationary, the gearbox cannot be used.

The purchased device must be fully consistent with the technical characteristics of the unit for which it is intended. In particular, gas consumption cannot exceed the operating characteristics of the gearbox. If the pressure at the outlet of the gearbox exceeds (compared to the nominal values), the automatic control of the main equipment, as a rule, fails, and the equipment itself is switched off. The limit values ​​of the pressure used should not exceed the permissible values ​​for equipment of this class by more than 10%. The device must have a certificate of conformity in Russia.

Sequence of installation and use

A propane reducer of any type and design is considered a high-risk technique, therefore, when installing it, a number of mandatory requirements must be observed:

1. The room (if the gearbox is mounted to an internal consumer) is thoroughly ventilated. Moreover, the window/vent must remain open throughout the entire duration of the initial start-up.
2. The correct sequence for using the device is as follows: first, the valve on the propane cylinder opens smoothly. Then the valve of the reducer opens and only then the valve of the gas-consuming equipment. By rotating the adjusting screw handwheel, the required level of operating pressure is set. Disabling is done in reverse order. When extraneous sounds appear - clicks, hissing, etc. - the equipment is immediately turned off.
3. After establishing a stable flow of gas through the reducer, monitor the readings of the pressure gauge needle, which should not deviate more than the pressure fluctuation values ​​indicated in the passport. Otherwise, the use of the technology is stopped. A slow increase in gas pressure is considered especially dangerous.

1. Once every 2...3 months, the tightness of all connections is checked, and if necessary, the threaded fasteners are tightened.
2. If routine maintenance of the propane reducer is necessary - purge the valve - the device is disconnected from the gas main, after which the remaining gas is released from all working cavities of the device. All subsequent operations are performed only in special workshops that have test benches.
3. After finishing use, the inlet valve on the gearbox is closed all the way. In this case, the binding of the spring is eliminated, and its performance increases.
4. To comply with the rules fire safety It is advisable to provide flame extinguishing devices between the reducer and the gas consuming installation.

Gearbox design. Reducers serve to reduce the gas pressure taken from the cylinder and automatically maintain the operating pressure constant, regardless of the drop in gas pressure in the cylinder. According to GOST 6268, stationary gearboxes are set to the operating gas pressure in front of the burner or cutter: for oxygen - from 0.5 to 15 kgf/cm2, for acetylene - from 0.01 to 1.5 kgf/cm2. There are many designs of gearboxes, but the principle of operation and their main parts are approximately the same.

A diagram of the design and operation of the gearbox is shown in Fig. 78.

Compressed gas from the cylinder enters high-pressure chamber 1. The pressure in front of the reducer is determined by pressure gauge 2. Next, the gas passes through valve 11, overcoming significant resistance, as a result of which the gas pressure behind the valve becomes lower. Having passed the valve, the gas enters low-pressure chamber 10. The pressure in the chamber is determined by pressure gauge 3. From the low-pressure chamber, gas is supplied to the burner through valve 6.

Membrane (rubber plate with fabric gaskets) 7, adjusting screw 9 and springs 8 and 4 serve to regulate the position of valve 11, the degree of opening of which determines the operating gas pressure after the reducer. The more the valve is open, the higher the operating gas pressure and the greater the amount of gas will pass through the reducer. When screw 9 is screwed in, springs 8 and 4 are compressed, valve 11 opens and the pressure in chamber 10 increases. When screw 9 is unscrewed, on the contrary, valve 11 closes and the gas pressure in chamber 10 decreases.

The set operating pressure in the reducer is automatically maintained constant. As the amount of gas taken is reduced, its pressure will begin to increase and in the low pressure chamber 10 the gas will press with greater force on the membrane 7, which will move down and compress the spring 8.

In this case, the spring 4 will close the valve 11 and will keep it in this position until the pressure in the chamber 10 becomes again equal to its original value. The opposite phenomenon is observed when the operating pressure in chamber 10 decreases. Safety valve 5 will protect the membrane from rupture if valve 11 begins to let gas through.

By design, gearboxes are single-chamber and double-chamber. In two-chamber (two-stage) reducers, the pressure is reduced in two stages: in the first stage from the initial 150 kgf/cm2 to an intermediate 40-50 kgf/cm2, and in the second stage - to the final operating pressure of 3-15 kgf/cm2. Two-stage reducers provide an almost constant operating gas pressure, which does not change when the pressure in the cylinder decreases as gas is consumed from it. Double-chamber gearboxes are less prone to freezing, but they are more complex in design than single-chamber gearboxes and require more non-ferrous metal for their manufacture, and are therefore more expensive.

Cylinder reducers for oxygen and acetylene are shown in Fig. 79. The acetylene reducer is similar in principle to the operating principle and design of the oxygen reducer. The difference is that for connection to the cylinder valve, acetylene reducers have a special clamp with a pressure screw instead of a union nut. Oxygen reducers are painted blue, acetylene reducers are painted white.

Reducers for other flammable gases are connected to the cylinder valve fitting with a union nut with a 1/2" left-hand pipe thread and are painted red.

For centralized oxygen supply, central (ramp) gearboxes DKR-250/500 are used, designed for a maximum throughput of up to 250 and 500 m 3 /h, at an operating pressure of 3-16 kgf/cm 2. In some cases, special gearboxes with a throughput capacity of up to 1500-6000 m 3 /h are used.

The widespread supply of gases in cylinders implies the presence special equipment to reduce pressure and maintain its operating level, regardless of changes in the initial pressure. We offer to buy a reducer for a gas cylinder in our online store. The catalog presents a large assortment of valves for stabilizing the supply of a wide variety of gases. The price depends mainly on the type of device and its technical parameters. Our company GazExpo supplies various gases and gas-cylinder equipment in Moscow and the Moscow region. Making a purchase is very simple - just order call back.

Selection criteria

Gas reducer is the general name for devices that automatically maintain stable operating pressure of gas from a cylinder during operation. Variety of properties gaseous substances determines various design solutions for the equipment used with them. Depending on the gas being reduced, the following types of reducers are distinguished:

• oxygen;
• propane (industrial and household);
• acetylene;
• carbon dioxide;
• argon;
• nitrogen;
• for compressed air;
• helium;
• for nitrous oxide.

Based on the principle of operation, there are direct and reverse acting devices. In the first case, the operating state decreases along with the input pressure of the consumed gas, and in the second, it maintains the output pressure, regardless of the flow rate. The design is affected by the flammability of the gas being reduced, therefore, to increase safety, gearboxes that regulate the supply of inert substances are equipped with a right-hand thread for connection, and flammable ones - with a left-hand thread. It is necessary to strictly observe the compliance of the devices used with the type of gas being reduced. Inconsistency is unacceptable! In our catalog you will find a reducer for a gas cylinder with any gas!

In many situations, for example when working with a gas burner, it is necessary to change the outlet pressure. In this case, it is best to use a gas reducer for a cylinder with a regulator. Such products are usually available with one or two pressure gauges to monitor pressure.

Our services

A gas reducer is a mandatory device for operating gas cylinders under pressure. Moscow is a huge industrial center with great needs. The GazExpo company has been supplying gases in cylinders for domestic and industrial needs in the Moscow region for more than 10 years.

Our company has own production many types of gases used in industry. A reducer for a gas cylinder, adjustable using a conventional valve, is a simple and reliable solution that has proven its effectiveness in practice. We supply products from leading manufacturers of gas equipment. We have a wide selection and reasonable prices! Buying here is not only easy, but also profitable. We try to create a special purchase offer for each client that will interest him.

The reducer for a gas cylinder is designed to reduce the gas pressure at the outlet of the gas container to operating and automatically maintain this pressure at a given level. According to the conditions of GOST 13861, gearboxes are classified:

They differ in the color of the body and the connecting devices for fastening. Main parameters:

• inlet pressure: up to 250 atmospheres for compressed gases and up to 25 atmospheres for liquefied gases,
• outlet pressure: typical 1 – 16 atmospheres,
• gas consumption: tens to hundreds of m3/hour.

The price of a gas cylinder reducer is determined depending on the configuration, technical parameters, accuracy class of the device, country of manufacture. You can buy a reducer for a gas cylinder with one or two pressure gauges. If there is only one pressure gauge, then it can be used to set a fixed output operating pressure. The presence of two pressure gauges allows you to control the pressure both in the gas container and that supplied to the consumer.

Adjustable reducer for gas cylinder

Such devices are intended for use in conjunction with gas burners and other gas equipment operating with higher gas outlet pressure. For example, BPO 5-2 can be installed on household gas vessels with a volume of 5 to 50 liters with a valve. This model is equipped with a pressure gauge and a valve to regulate the gas pressure at the outlet. Technical characteristics of BPO 5-2:

• outlet pressure: 2.5 MPa
• maximum working pressure: 0.3 MPa
• highest throughput: 5.0 m3/hour
• weight: 0.42 kg
• gas type: liquefied

Devices with an adjustment function are also available for compressed gases.

Reducer for household gas cylinder

These products are designed to reduce and automatically maintain the vapor pressure of liquefied hydrocarbon gas in a given range. They differ in the method of attachment to gas vessels. For vessels (volume 5 l, 12 l, 27 l) equipped with a valve, a propane reducer RDSG 2-1.2(9), 16/3.6 atm, fitting 9 is used. When it is put on the valve neck, the locking ring is tightened on the reducer, which is released after landing in place. For gas vessels with a volume of 50 liters, equipped with a valve, propane reducers RDSG 1-1.2(9), 16/3.6 atm, fitting 9 are used, where the connection is made by means of a union nut. A disposable gasket is installed between the fitting and the nut. The reducer for a composite gas cylinder complies with European safety standards, has a built-in mesh filter, and is designed for connection to the valve of a gas composite vessel according to the German KFL standard. We also manufacture adjustable gearboxes for composite tanks, for example N 240, low pressure, for propane - butane, with the ability to adjust 20-40 mbar, outlet: 3/8 inch, internal right-hand thread. There is a pre-installed gasket designed for 10 years of service.

Gas cylinder reducer device

Gearboxes may differ in design, but the principle of operation is the same. It is based feedback between the pressure in the gas vessel and the pressure at the outlet of the reducer, carried out using membranes, valves and springs. These products are single-chamber, double-chamber, direct-acting, reverse-acting. In practice, reverse-action devices are most applicable as they are the most convenient and safe.

Gas reducer- a device for reducing the pressure of a gas or gas mixture located in a container (for example, in a cylinder or gas pipeline) to operating pressure and for automatically maintaining this pressure constant, regardless of changes in gas pressure in the cylinder or gas pipeline.

GOST and marking

According to GOST 13861-89, gearboxes for gas-flame processing are classified:
According to the operating principle: direct and reverse acting gearboxes;
By purpose and place of installation: balloon (B), ramp (R), network (C);
By type of gas being reduced: acetylene (A), oxygen (K), propane-butane (P), methane (M);
According to the number of reduction stages and the method of setting the working pressure: single-stage with a spring pressure setting (O), two-stage with a spring pressure setting (D), single-stage with a pneumatic pressure setting (Z).
The gearboxes differ from each other in the color of the housing and the connecting devices for attaching them to the cylinder. Reducers, with the exception of acetylene ones, are connected with union nuts, the threads of which correspond to the threads of the valve fitting. Acetylene reducers are attached to the cylinders with a clamp with a thrust screw.

Basic parameters

Inlet pressure is usually up to 250 atmospheres for compressed (non-liquefied) gases and 25 atmospheres for liquefied and dissolved gases. The outlet pressure is typical 1-16 atm, although other modifications are also available. Gas consumption - depending on the type of reducer and its purpose, ranges from several tens of liters per hour to several hundred m?/hour.

Operating principle

The operating principle of the gearbox is determined by its characteristics. Direct-acting reducers have a decreasing characteristic, that is, the operating pressure decreases slightly as gas is consumed from the cylinder; reverse-acting reducers have an increasing characteristic, that is, as the gas pressure in the cylinder decreases, the operating pressure increases. Gearboxes vary in design; the operating principle and main parts are the same for each gearbox.

Fig. 1 a - reverse-acting gearbox, b - direct-acting gearbox

Reverse action gearbox (Fig. 1a) works as follows. Compressed gas from the cylinder enters the high-pressure chamber 8 and prevents the opening of valve 9. To supply gas to the burner or cutter, it is necessary to rotate the adjusting screw 2 clockwise, which is screwed into the cover 1. The screw compresses the pressure spring 3, which in turn bends the flexible rubber membrane 4 up. In this case, the transfer disk with the rod compresses the return spring 7, lifting the valve 9, which opens the hole for the passage of gas into the low-pressure chamber 13. The opening of the valve is prevented not only by the gas pressure in the high-pressure chamber, but also by spring 7, which has less force than the spring 3. Automatic maintenance working pressure at a given level occurs as follows. If the gas intake into the burner or cutter decreases, the pressure in the low-pressure chamber will increase, the pressure spring 3 will compress and the membrane 4 will straighten, and the transfer disk with rod 5 will lower and the reducing valve 9, under the action of the spring 7, will cover the valve seat 10, reducing the gas supply to low pressure chamber. As gas extraction increases, the process will automatically repeat. The pressure in the high-pressure chamber 8 is measured by pressure gauge 6, and in the low-pressure chamber 13 by pressure gauge 11. If the pressure in the working chamber increases above normal, then the gas will be released into the atmosphere using safety valve 12. In addition to single-chamber reducers, two-chamber reducers are used, in which the gas pressure is gradually reduced in two reduction chambers located sequentially one after the other. Double-chamber (two-stage) reducers provide a more constant operating pressure and are less prone to freezing, however, they are more complex in design, so double-chamber (two-stage) reducers are used when it is necessary to maintain operating pressure with increased accuracy.

Direct acting gearboxes. In direct-acting gearboxes (Fig. 1, b), gas through fitting 3, entering high-pressure chamber b and acting on valve 7, tends to open it (and in reverse-acting gearboxes, close it). The reducing valve 7 is pressed against the seat by the shut-off spring 5 and blocks the access of high pressure gas. Membrane 1 tends to move the reducing valve 7 away from the seat and open the access of high-pressure gas to the low (working) pressure chamber 10. In turn, membrane 1 is under the influence of two mutually opposite forces. From the outside, a pressure spring 11 acts on the membrane 1 through a pressure screw 12, which tends to open the reducing valve 7, and with inside of the reducer chamber, a reduced low-pressure gas presses onto the membrane, counteracting the pressure spring 11. When the pressure in the working chamber decreases, the pressure spring 11 straightens and the valve moves away from the seat, while the gas flow into the reducer increases. As the pressure in the working chamber 10 increases, the pressure spring 11 is compressed, the valve moves closer to the seat and the flow of gas into the reducer decreases. The working pressure is determined by the tension of the pressure spring 11, which is changed by the adjusting screw 12. When the adjusting screw 12 is unscrewed and the pressure spring 11 is loosened, the working pressure decreases and, conversely, when the adjusting screw is screwed in, the pressure spring 11 is compressed and the operating gas pressure increases. To control the pressure, a pressure gauge 4 is installed on the high-pressure chamber, and a pressure gauge 9 and a safety valve 8 are installed on the working chamber.
In practice, the most widely used reverse action gearboxes To more convenient and safe to use .
Types of gas reducers
Air reducer, or regulator - used on industrial enterprises to reduce air pressure and maintain it constant in air networks and communications, as well as in scuba diving to reduce the pressure of the breathing mixture
Oxygen reducer - used in various enterprises (especially many in mechanical engineering and metallurgy) for autogenous work (gas welding, cutting and soldering), as well as in medicine and scuba diving.
Propane reducer - used in various types of enterprises (especially many in mechanical engineering and metallurgy) for carrying out autogenous work (cutting, soldering and heating) during construction (for laying bitumen coatings) or in everyday life (gas stoves). They come with a constantly set operating pressure (set at the manufacturer) and with the ability to adjust the pressure in the range of 0-3 kgf/cm2.
Acetylene reducer - used in various types of enterprises (especially many in public utilities) for gas welding and cutting of pipelines. In general, gas reducers are divided into reducers for flammable and non-flammable gases.

Reducers for flammable gases(methane, hydrogen, etc.) have a left-hand thread to prevent accidental connection of a reducer operating with flammable gases to an oxygen cylinder. Cylinders with inert gases (helium, nitrogen, argon, etc.) have a right-hand thread, like oxygen cylinders. Thus, oxygen reducers can be used for inert gases.
In addition, the reducer can act as a pressure relief valve. In English, reducers of this type are called back pressure regulators, in contrast to ordinary pressure regulators. The use of reducers and pressure relief valves can be combined, in which case the reducer is installed at the inlet of the system and regulates the flow of gas, while the valve is installed at the outlet and, if necessary, provides relief of excess pressure, which increases the overall stability of the system.

Based on materials from Wikipedia..