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Do you know who the first Russian saints were? Surely many will remember, and they will be partly right. The prince brothers Boris and Gleb, the youngest of the sons, lived and suffered already after Baptism of Rus'. These are the first Russian saints canonized by both the Russian and the Ecumenical Church. Their veneration has already spread throughout Rus' in the 11th century- immediately after their death.

But there are such holy martyrs that few know about. They lived long before Christianity came to Rus', and they should be considered the first Russian saints in the history of Christianity. Their names are Inna, Pinna and Rimma. The saints are commemorated February 2 (day of death) and 3 July (transfer of relics).

The Saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma lived in the 1st century and were Slavs

We remember from Holy Scripture that after the descent of the Holy Spirit, the apostles dispersed preaching throughout the whole earth. It is known that Apostle Andrew the First-Called went east and then north, where the pagan tribes of the Scythians, Slavs, Goths and others lived. So the Slavs became disciples of Andrew the First-Called Inna, Pinna and Rimma. According to researchers, they came from the northern land Great Scythia, that is, they were Ilmen Slavs-Russians.

The Saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma were baptized by the Apostle Andrew, ordained to the priesthood and sent to preach and strengthen the faith among the pagans Bosporan Kingdom(Northern Black Sea region). They preached the Word of God among pagan nations and baptized people. So the saints reached the river Danube, where, by order of the pagan prince of Chersonesos, they were captured and given a terrible execution for their faith.

The ruler ordered Inna, Pinna and Rimma worship idols, but the saints were firm in the faith of Christ and refused to fulfill the prince’s demands. Angry, he ordered logs to be driven into the ice of the river and the martyrs tied to them. In the terrible cold, under pressure ice water, they gave their souls to the Lord.

This is how he describes those events Bishop Dimitry of Rostov : “Then it was a cruel winter; The rivers were sealed with frost so that not only people, but also horses and carts walked on the ice. The prince ordered large logs, like whole trees, to be placed in the ice and the saints tied to them. So, when the water became agitated and the ice gradually increased until it reached the necks of the saints, they, exhausted by the terrible cold, gave up their blessed souls to the Lord.”

In the ancient Slavic month-book it is narrated that local Christians buried the martyrs, but then Bishop of Gedtsa took them out of the grave and placed them in his church. According to legend, after 7 years after their death, the holy martyrs appeared in a dream to the same bishop and ordered him to transfer their relics to a place called Alix (current Alushta on the shores of the Black Sea).

Now in honor of these saints in the city Alushta a chapel was erected, inside which there is a rare icon depicting saints Innas, Pinnas and Rimmas.

Temple of all Crimean saints and chapel in the name of martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma in Alushta

In the city archives Simferopol an interesting document has been preserved from October 30, 1950 entitled “To all priests of the Simferopol and Crimean diocese”, signed: “I ask you, all-honorable fathers, to remember the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, and Rimma during the holiday liturgy, vespers and matins, for they should be considered Crimean saints. These are very ancient martyrs.”

However, there is still no special service in memory of the holy martyrs in church practice.

Since apostolic times, the Orthodox Church has glorified a great many saints who have shone in the Russian land, but the saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma became the first. With their feat they opened the way for other saints of God on our holy land.

An icon of the martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma appeared in our church, whose memory is celebrated today Orthodox Church.

THE FIRST RUSSIAN SAINTS INNA, PINNA AND RIMMA

The history of the Russian holy martyrs, who shed their blood for Christ, begins in apostolic times - in those times when people went to baptize our ancestors with a sermon about salvationholy apostle andrew . The first Russian holy martyrs areInna, Pinna, Rimma , whose memory is celebrated by the Russian Orthodox Church on January 20 / February 2.

As St. Demetrius of Rostov, who compiled the famous Chetyi-Menaia, narrates, on the Kyiv hills Apostle Andrew, addressing his disciples, said: “Believe me that the grace of God will shine on these mountains; great city will be here, and the Lord will erect many churches there and enlighten the whole Russian land» .

The first Russian holy martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma (1st century) were disciples of the holy Apostle Andrew. They were originally from the northern land of Great Scythia, that is, they are Ilmen Slavs-Russ.

What was ancient land Tauris, Scythia, which Apostle Andrew the First-Called saw before him during the life of Inna, Pinna and Rimma? All ancient authors, from Homer and Herodotus to Strabo and Polybius, say that Scythia had enormous material wealth, but the morals here were so wild that they terrified even the pagan world. It is known that in the south of the Crimean peninsula, near Cape Fiolent, Greek and Phoenician ships often crashed in ancient times. Some merchant sailors still escaped the storms by swimming to the shore. But as soon as they reached land, they, exhausted, were immediately grabbed by the pagan priests and sacrificed the unfortunate people to the idol. It is no less sad to learn about the bloody feasts of the Tauro-Scythians: their cups were skulls filled with the blood of the vanquished, because it was believed that such blood gave strength for new victories.

Apostle Andrew the First-Called preached Christianity to such people. The hearts of the pagans sometimes responded true love. The apostle's constant companions were Inna, Pinna and Rimma. Saint Crimean Luka(Voino-Yasenetsky), examining the lives of the holy martyrs, came to the conclusion that they were Goths or Tauro-Scythians who lived between Alushta and Balaklava. When they heard the word of Christ from the Apostle, they not only believed, but, having received Holy Baptism, carried the light of faith and preaching into the darkness of pagan Scythia. So they reached the Danube, where they had the opportunity to suffer martyrdom for their loyalty to Christ.

The holy martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma were captured by the local prince, who first intended to seduce them with various temptations and flattering promises. However, despite all the sophisticated tricks of the cynical and cunning king, they did not bow to the honors offered to them and, for their firmness of faith in Christ, were beaten without mercy.

At that time it was a harsh winter and the rivers were so frozen that not only people, but also horses and carts could cross them on the ice. The prince ordered large logs to be placed in the ice and the saints tied to them, gradually lowering them into the icy water. When the ice reached the necks of the saints, they, exhausted by the terrible cold, gave up their blessed souls to the Lord.

It is believed that the place of their torment was the Danube River. The time of their suffering dates back to the 1st century. Other historians believe that their death could have been at the beginning of the 2nd century AD, but they preached together with the Apostle Andrew the First-Called at the end of the 1st century.

The ancient Slavic monthbook tells that there were Christians who buried their bodies, but Bishop Gedtsa a little later removed them from the grave and, taking them on his shoulders, laid them in his church.

Seven years after their death, the holy martyrs appeared to the same bishop and ordered him to transfer their relics to a place called Alix, to a dry refuge. Alix is the current Alushta, located on the Black Sea coast, northeast of Yalta. "Dry haven" means a sea pier.

A unique document has been preserved in the Simferopol archives entitled “To all priests of the Simferopol and Crimean diocese”: “... I ask you, all-honorable fathers, to remember the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma at the holidays of the Liturgy, Vespers and Matins, for they should be considered Crimean saints. These are very ancient martyrs...” This document was signed by Saint Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky), Archbishop of Simferopol and Crimea, on October 30, 1950.

Now, near the Alushta Church of All Crimean Saints, a chapel has been erected in the name of the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma, where a rare icon with their holy images is placed on the wall. In front of the icon, numerous tourists, pilgrims and residents of Crimea light candles and pray heartily:

“Holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma, pray to God for us sinners!”

Martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma Novodunsky

Saints mu-che-ni-ki In-na, Pin-na and Rim-ma - originally from the Slavs, from northern Scythia, the teachings of the holy apo -the hundred of An-drey First-called. They taught about the name of Christ and the baptism of many barbarians, converting them to the right faith. For this, they were seized by the local prince, who wanted to seduce them with various blasphemy and flattery. -they promised me, but they were not inclined to accept what was offered to them in honor and for their firmness of faith in Christ. bi-you without mercy. At that time, there was a hundred severe winter and the rivers froze so much that they could not only be crossed on the ice. to people, but also to others. The prince ordered to put large logs in the ice and tie the saints to them, gradually lowering them into the cold water. du. When the ice reached the necks of the saints, they, tormented by the terrible cold, gave up their blessed souls to the Lord.

In the ancient Slavic word, it is said that some Christians are good at something where were their bodies, but then Bishop Gedtsa took them out of the grave and, taking them on his shoulders, laid them in his church. Seven years after the death of their saints, the holy mar- ty appeared to the same episcopal -sti their power in the place, called Alix, in a dry place. (Alix is the current Alush-ta, on-the-shore of the Black Sea, to the north-east of Yal -you. “Dry pier” means a sea pier).

See: "" in the text of St. Di-mit-ria of Ro-stov.

See also: "" in the text of St. Di-mit-ria of Ro-stov.

Prayers

Troparion to martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma Novodunsky

Like the First-Called Disciple/ the First-Called One appeared from the Slovenes,/ and your brethren/ enlightening with the light of Truth,/ from the godless, fierce prince/ received a cruel end of nature,/ with monstrosity forged and strangled by ice,/ on the Danube river in the Scythian country./ But like souls for each other put,/ saints Inno, Pinno and Rimmo,/ and bring omnipotent prayers for us,/ all the Slovenian languages/ again turning to Christ.

Translation: As disciples, you were the first called from the Slavs and, enlightening your brethren with light, you accepted a cruel death from a godless, ferocious prince, bound in frost and crushed by ice, on the Danube River in the Scythian country. But as you laid down your lives for your friends (), Saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma, bring all-powerful prayers for us, turning all the Slavic peoples again to Christ.

Kontakion to martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma Novodunsky

The great faith of correction: / bound in ice, as on the water of repose, / Saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma rejoiced, / the tormentor was senselessly furious, / trying to destroy the fruits of their grapes, / both to this day from the Slovenian language/ the holy bunch of Christ receives,/ and the first martyr of the Slovenes crowns the crowns./ For this sake we,/ the faithful youth raised by you,/ thank you and pray to you, saints:/ ask with warm prayers for us/ in Dus the truth according to Bo Don't be jealous.

Translation: A great feat of faith: shrouded in ice, as if on the water of rest, Saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma rejoiced, but the tormentor, maddened by foolishness, tried to destroy the fruits of their grapes, but still today Christ receives holy grapes from the Slavic peoples, and crowns the first Slavic martyrs with crowns. That is why we, the children of the believers raised by you, thank and pray to you, saints. Ask with fervent prayers, so that in the Spirit of truth we too may be zealous for God.

The history of the Russian holy martyrs who shed their blood for Christ begins in apostolic times - in those times when our ancestors were baptized with a sermon about salvation. The first Russian holy martyrs are, whose memory is celebrated by the Russian Orthodox Church on January 20 / February 2.

As St. Demetrius of Rostov, who compiled the famous Chetyi-Menaia, narrates, on the Kyiv hills Apostle Andrew, addressing his disciples, said: “Believe me that the grace of God will shine on these mountains; a great city will be here, and the Lord will erect many churches there and enlighten the entire Russian land with holy baptism.”

In the book of Archbishop Sergius (Spassky) “The Complete Monthly Book of the East”, Scythia Minor is mistakenly named as their homeland. “The Roman and early Byzantine province of Scythia Minor (the region of modern Dobrudja, Romania) appeared only at the end of the 3rd - beginning of the 4th century AD under the emperor Diocletian,” therefore it is impossible to simultaneously be students of the Apostle Andrew and residents of Scythia Minor, which Archbishop Sergius did not pay attention to.

Inna, Pinna, Rimma were baptized by the Apostle Andrew, ordained priests and sent to strengthen faith and establish piety among the Greeks and foreigners living in the Bosphorus kingdom. On the way to Tavria they preached everywhere Christian faith and baptized the people.

By order of the pagan prince of Chersonesos, they were captured and given a terrible execution for preaching Christians. In the Western church hagiographical tradition, evidence of their martyrdom has been preserved in the “Asta Sanctorum” of James of Voragines:

« De Sanctis Martyribus Inna, Pinna, Rimma.

« About the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma.

Non sit calidum et splendidus sicut crystallus Inna refrigerandi vim habet ad fortes illius, Pinnensem Rima. Et in agonibus martyrum, quaedam prouinciae conuenerunt, et idolis servientes, quo capta barbaros ad praesidem. Christus praecepit ut a frigus confessoris. Martyr accideret structum solidus acta in medio aquarum: et quamvis per ventosa frigoribus et corpus aquae gelu constricti et sedebam tristis usque peruenit ultimum vita, operam ad eorum beatitudinis rutsi anima Dei.”

May the warriors of cold, Inna, Pinna, and Rimma, as pure as crystal, find warmth. They suffered martyrdom in a certain northern province, where they were captured by idolatrous barbarians and brought before the ruler. He commanded that the confessors of Christ should die from the cold. The martyrs were tied to straight and solid logs installed in the middle of the stream, and although it was a windy and cold season and the hard surface of the water was frozen, they remained motionless until they reached the limit of earthly life, betraying their blessed souls into the hands of God.”

Thus, the saints gave up their righteous souls to God, preserving the pledge of faith and love for our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, glorifying Him with their martyrdom. Christians secretly buried the bodies of God's saints. When a favorable time for Christians arrived in the city, Bishop Gedtsa, who ruled the local diocese, found the holy relics and placed them in a shrine. cathedral church cities. Seven years later, the martyrs appeared to the bishop and ordered him to transfer their holy relics to a “dry harbor” - a place called Alix (now this place is called Alushta).

“The original text of the manuscript of the Martyrdom (probably the second half of the 4th century) has not survived; a manuscript of the 11th century (Paris. Gr. 1488) contains a brief extract from it (epithome); legends are also known in the Byzantine verse synaxarions of the late X - XIII centuries (see, for example: SynCP. Col. 407; Paris. Gr. 1617; Ambros. B. 104)<…>The title of the epitome states that Inna, Pinna, and Rimma suffered in Gothia (in the Minology of Emperor Basil II (late 10th - early 11th centuries), the archaic name is used - Scythia.<…>Prof. HER. Golubinsky suggested that Inna, Pinna and Rimma suffered in the Crimea, and their relics were transferred to the port of Alisk or Alix, which was located on the site of modern Alushta.”

It can be assumed that the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma had the rank of bishops, since the kontakion (hymn) dedicated to them says: “... Christian intercessors, evangelists of the Kingdom of God,” and such a comparison is applicable only to bishops. “Rejoice, saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma, passion-bearers of Christ and the first Baptists (!) and Heavenly intercessors of the Russian Land...”

In the “Complete Monthly Book of the East,” Archbishop Sergius (Spassky) cites information from the Serbian prologue of the 13th century, where in the teaching for the day of remembrance of the holy Russian martyrs, their names are given in the Serbian vowel: Enen, Nirin and Pen.

Among the Russian saints of the 1st century, V.N. Tatishchev names the unjustifiably forgotten prince martyr Oskold (Askold) and Gleb (Uleb), brother of Svyatoslav. He wrote: “He (Oskold) can be revered as the first martyr in Rus', like Uleb (Gleb), the brother of Svyatoslav, who are forgotten from ignorance of history and are not included in the calendar.”

Among the first Russian saints, the holy martyrs of Chersonesos are also known: bishops Basil, Ephraim, Eugene, Agathador, Elpidius, Epherius, Kapito, the holy martyr Emilian, the holy great martyr Nikita Stratilates of Scyphogoth († 305), the holy martyr Florian Stratilates († 300).

This is only a small part famous first Russian saints glorified by the Ecumenical Orthodox Church. And how much information has been lost about other Slavic-Russian saints! The chronicles, which contained so much valuable information about the lives of our distant ancestors, perished in the fire of invasions of foreigners: the Goths, Huns, Khazars and others.

In the archives of Simferopol there is a document entitled “To all priests of the Simferopol and Crimean diocese”: “I ask you, all-honorable fathers, to remember the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma at the liberation liturgy, vespers and matins, for they should be considered Crimean saints. These are very ancient martyrs.” This document was signed on October 30, 1950 with the Archbishop of Simferopol and Crimea. Now, near the Alushta temple in the name of All Crimean Saints, a chapel of the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma has been erected, where a rare icon with their holy images is placed on the wall.

Unfortunately, in liturgical practice the memory of the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma is not expressed in a special service, therefore among church people the day of their memory is completely and unjustifiably forgotten. The glorification of the memory of the first Russian saints should become a stable liturgical tradition for our holy Church and should be elevated to the type of statutory service, at least to the polyeleos service.

Glorifying the first national saints and praying to them is our duty and honor. The holy martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma are the first sacred gift, the first fruit of the faith of our distant ancestors, which they brought as a sign of their faith and love for our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, opening with their first martyrdom the beginning of the collection of a precious spiritual treasury - the great host of all saints who shone in the Russian land.

Holy Martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma- originally Slavs, from northern Scythia, disciples of the holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called. They taught about the name of Christ and baptized many barbarians, converting them to the right faith. For this they were captured by the local prince, who wanted to seduce them with various temptations and flattering promises, but they did not bow to the honors offered to them and for their firmness of faith in Christ they were beaten without mercy. At that time it was a harsh winter and the rivers were so frozen that not only people, but also horses and carts could cross them on the ice. The prince ordered large logs to be placed in the ice and the saints tied to them, gradually lowering them into the icy water. When the ice reached the necks of the saints, they, exhausted by the terrible cold, gave up their blessed souls to the Lord. The ancient Slavic month-book tells that some Christians then buried their bodies, but then the Bishop of Gedtsa took them out of the grave and, taking them on his shoulders, laid them in his church. Seven years after their death, the holy martyrs appeared to the same bishop and ordered him to transfer their relics to a place called Alix, to a dry refuge (Alix is the present-day Alushta, located on the shores of the Black Sea, northeast of Yalta. “Dry refuge” means sea pier.)
The chapel of the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma is located next to the Church of All Saints of the Crimean Land who shone forth in Alushta. In the chapel there is a rare ancient icon of the martyrs Inna, Pinna and Rimma.
A unique document has been preserved in the Simferopol archives entitled “To all priests of the Simferopol and Crimean diocese”: “... I ask you, all-honorable fathers, to remember the holy martyrs Inna, Pinna, Rimma at the holidays of the Liturgy, Vespers and Matins, for they should be considered Crimean saints. These are very ancient martyrs..." This document was signed by Saint Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky), Archbishop of Simferopol and Crimea, on October 30, 1950.

Troparion, tone 2:

Just as the First-Called disciple/ of the first calling appeared from the words,/ and your brethren/ enlightening with the light of Truth,/ from the godless, fierce prince/ received a cruel death of nature,/ bound by filth and strangled by ice,/ on the Danube River in the Scythian country./ But like souls for friends laid down,/ saints Inno, Pinno and Rimmo,/
and bring all-powerful prayers for us, / all Slovenian languages / / again turning to Christ.

Kontakion, voice 2:

The great faith of correction:/ bound in ice, as if on the water of repose,/ the saints Inna, Pinna and Rimma rejoiced,/ the tormentor was senselessly angry,/ trying to destroy the fruits of their grapes,/ but still to this day from the Slovenian language/ Christ accepts the holy clusters,/ and the first martyr of the Slovenians crowns./ For this reason we too,/
The faithful you have raised will be born into children, / we thank and pray you, saints: / ask with warm prayers and for us / / in Dus to be jealous of the truth according to God.

(www.saints.ru; days.pravoslavie.ru; www.palomnik.crimea.ua).

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