Lead clouds are an adjective. Morphological analysis of “lead white”

Qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives in modern Russian are not closed groups. The grammatical boundary between them is fluid, since the features by which we distinguish one category from another change.

In the textbook “Russian Language”, grade 6, we read: “Relative and possessive adjectives can turn into qualitative ones if they are used in a figurative meaning” (golden ring (rel.) - Golden autumn(quality), bear's den (attractive) - bear's gait (quality). This information insufficient, incomplete. In fact, possessive adjectives can also turn into relative adjectives: fox hole (possessive) - fox fur coat (relative). And even qualitative adjectives turn into relative ones: sour berry (qualitative) - sour reaction (relative). Qualitative adjectives with a figurative meaning are more often used in a scientific style (voiceless consonants), while relative and possessive adjectives are used in an artistic style.

Exercise 1

Conclusion (secret) 5: adjectives can move from one category to another: relative - into qualitative, possessive - into relative and qualitative, qualitative - into relative.

Transition of relative adjectives into qualitative ones

Transition of possessive adjectives into relative adjectives

Transition of possessive adjectives into qualitative ones

Transition of qualitative adjectives into relative ones

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
• Verbs:
• • participles;
  • participles;
• adjectives;
• numerals;
• pronouns;
• adverbs;

2. Functional parts of speech:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interjections.

The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:

• the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
• introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

• initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
• proper or common noun;
• animate or inanimate;
• gender (m,f, avg.);
• number (singular, plural);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan for morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby drinks milk."

Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;

• initial form - baby;
• permanent morphological characteristics: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
• inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
• when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.

Morphological analysis the words “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form – milk;
• constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
• variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
• direct object in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

• initial form - queen;
• constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, female, I declension;
• fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

• initial form - Luzhin;
• faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
• inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (with what?) - noun;

• initial shape - palm;
• constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
• inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) - noun;

• initial form - dust;
• main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
• fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;

• the initial form is a coat;
• constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
• morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

• initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
• constant morphological features of adjectives:
• • rank according to the value:
  • • - quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday, reading);
    • - possessive (hare, mother);
  • degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
  • full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
• inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives change according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees simple form, in excellent ones - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
  • full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
  • gender marker (singular only);
  • number (agrees with the noun);
  • case (agrees with the noun);
• syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective

Example sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) – adjective;

• initial form – full;
• constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
• according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, using examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
• constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
• inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - slender;
• constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - thin;
• morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - blue;
• table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - amazing;
• constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
• inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups Verbal word forms are characterized by heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
• conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
• inconjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• constant morphological features of the verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
    • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
  • repayment:
  • • returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
    • irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I conjugation (do-eat, do-e, do-eat, do-e, do-ut/ut);
    • II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
    • mixed verbs (want, run);
• inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
• • mood:
  • • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
    • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
    • imperative: do!;
  • time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
  • person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
  • gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
  • number;
• syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
• • predicate: To be a holiday today;
  • subject: Learning is always useful;
  • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
  • definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of verb example

To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using an example sentence:

God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - send;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online example of morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

• initial form - listen;
• morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Caution (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warn;
• morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
• syntactic function in a sentence: component predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;

• initial form - know;
• inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

• initial form - violate;
• constant morphological features: imperfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
• syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - wait;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did you do?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Adjectives can be used in figurative meanings. At the same time, they can move from one category to another when they lose their characteristics and acquire characteristics of other categories.
Transition of relative adjectives into qualitative ones

Transition of possessive adjectives into relative adjectives

Transition of possessive adjectives into qualitative ones

Transition of qualitative adjectives into relative ones

Declension of adjectives includes changes in numbers, cases and genders - in the singular.
The form of an adjective depends on the noun to which the adjective refers and with which agrees in gender, number and case.
Short adjectives change only by gender and number.
The masculine and neuter forms differ in the nominative and accusative cases, but are the same in other forms.
There are different forms of the accusative case of adjectives in the singular masculine and in the plural, referring to animate and inanimate nouns:

· V.p. = I.p. with animate nouns:
For the violent raid he doomed their villages and fields to swords and fires (A. Pushkin);
Bandura players quietly sing glorious songs about you (D. Kedrin);

· V.p. = R.p. for inanimate nouns:
Masha did not pay attention to the young Frenchman (A. Pushkin);
And the whole earth should forever glorify ordinary people, to whom for victories I would pour stars into medals (V. Sysoev).

Masculine adjectives in -Ouch bow in the same way as on th , but always have a stressed ending: gray, young - gray, young - gray, young - about gray, about young.
Letter designation The endings of adjectives in some cases sharply diverge from the sound composition: white - white[ъвъ], letn-igo - letn[ьвъ].
Nominative case endings for full adjectives

Gender endings of short adjectives

2. Errors when using degrees of comparison.

Most have degrees of comparison quality adjectives.

Adjectives have two degrees of comparison: comparative and superior.

The use of a qualitative adjective in abstraction from the degree of manifestation of a characteristic is called positive degree: Beautiful(positive degree) - more beautiful(comparative) - beautiful(superlative).

A) Comparative degree of adjectives.

Comparative degree of adjective means that some characteristic is manifested in one object to a greater or lesser extent than in another: He's better than me; He is more beautiful than me; Your briefcase is heavier than mine.

There is a comparative degree simple And complex.

Simple comparative degree formed using suffixes:

-her(s): beautiful - more beautiful, brave-bolder, cold-colder;
-e: big-more, short-in short, sweet-sweeter;
-she: old-older, younger-under.
Sometimes a different root is used to form the comparative degree of an adjective: good-better, bad-worse, little one-less.

Adjectives in the simple comparative form do not change and have no endings. In a sentence, they are usually part of a compound nominal predicate: This slope more dangerous .

Complex comparative degree more And less :big-more/less big, beautiful-more/less beautiful.

The complex form of the comparative degree, like the full form of the positive degree of adjectives, changes according to gender, number and case.

B) Superlative adjectives.

Superlative means that a certain characteristic is manifested in one object to the greatest or least extent: She the most beautiful girl in our class.

There are superlatives simple And complex.

Simple superlative formed using suffixes -eysh-, -aysh-:Beautiful-beautiful, soft-softest, kind-kindest.

Sometimes a different root is used to form the superlative degree of an adjective: good-best, bad-worst.

Complex superlative formed from the full form of the positive degree of the adjective using particles most, most And least :big-the most/most/smallest, most beautiful-the most/most/least beautiful.

Superlative adjectives, like full forms of positive adjectives, change according to gender, number and case.

C) Norms for using degrees of comparison of adjectives.

1. Completely unacceptable use two ways of expressing comparison simultaneously: words more/less or most/most combined with an adjective in the comparative or superlative degree. Wrong:more beautiful, heavier, calmest.

Such error very frequent in speech: Today she was sadder than yesterday; He is the greatest physicist in the world.

The following sentences are grammatically correct: Today she was more sad, than yesterday; Today she was sadder, than yesterday; He the greatest physicist in the world; He greatest physicist in the world.
Exception make up the forms: the best, the worst.
2. It should be taken into account that not all qualitative adjectives are capable of forming degrees of comparison with the help of appropriate suffixes. Words do not form such forms:
immortal, brilliant, close, fighting, sick(about a human), stormy, upper, eternal, possible, strong-willed, outstanding, heroic, deaf(about a human), naked, proud, long-standing, distant, businesslike, cruel, familiar, oblique, short, crooked(about a human), dead(not alive) peaceful, powerful, unknown, lower, common, excellent, advanced, positive, last, constant, similar, right(fair, containing truth), empty(about container: not filled with anything), developed, early, ragged, timid, blind, controversial, urgent, predatory, gloomy, colorful, and etc.
Some of these adjectives cannot be used comparatively due to the specificity of their meaning (for example, one cannot be more or less immortal, more or less naked). Others could theoretically form a comparative degree, but due to their formal characteristics they do not have such a form or have a rarely used form. In the latter case, in informal speech in some combinations you can use a descriptive way of expressing the degree of comparison: more strong-willed, more businesslike, more cruel.
3. Using superlatives is not recommended. in the event that the comparison of objects or persons is impossible or incorrect. Thus, the following sentence is incorrect: A. Blok - the most talented poet of Russia. Each of the great Russian poets (A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, etc.) is unique in their own way, and distribution by place is unacceptable here, as is done, for example, in sports. If necessary, you can use constructions like: A. Blok is one of the most talented poets in Russia.

It should be noted that in some cases such uses are intentional and associated with certain, for example, political goals. As an example, we can cite the statement once made by I.V. Stalin about the poet V.V. Mayakovsky: “Mayakovsky was and remains the best, most talented poet of our Soviet era.”

Adjective is an independent (notional) part of speech that means attribute of an object and answers questions which one?, whose? (steppe, green, hunting, unmown).

Characteristic value unites different characteristics of the item:

• shape and position: straight, square, plumb;
• size: big, tall, wide, narrow;
• physical properties: warm, oily, bitter, brittle;
• human properties: kind, brave, young, smart;
• space: rural, Siberian;
• time: evening, early;
• material: wool, granite, wood;
• purpose: reading, sleeping, weaving;
• affiliation: fox, mother;
• quantity: five year old, double
  
• and etc.

Classification of adjectives

By value and grammatical features are allocated categories:

• quality adjectives,
• relative adjectives,
• possessive adjectives.

Changing adjectives

Adjectives change by gender, number and case.

The initial form of adjectives is - nominative singular masculine.

Adjectives agree with the word being defined, that is, they are placed in the same gender, number and case.

Adjectives can have full And short form.

Qualitative adjectives can have degrees of comparison.

Syntactic role of adjectives

In a sentence, an adjective most often acts as a modifier or a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate:

The sky glows through the window evening... - definition.
Water near the shore clean, blue And transparent - predicate.
Briefly speaking it was getting day...- predicate.
His gait was careless And lazy - predicate.

Classes of adjectives

Depending on the lexical and grammatical features, they are distinguished three categories of adjectives:

• high quality,
• relative,
• possessive.

Qualitative adjectives denote a feature of an object that is directly perceived by the senses, which can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent.

And a bright night is walking across the earth... (V. Shukshin)
The night is brighter today.
Yesterday was the brightest night.

Qualitative adjectives mean attribute of an object:

• form: straight, angular, curved, round;
• size: narrow, low, huge, large;
• blossom: red, lemon, crimson;
• property: durable, tough, brittle;
• taste: bitter, salty, sour, tasty;
• weight: heavy, weighty, weightless;
• smell: aromatic, odorous, cloying;
• temperature: warm, cool, hot;
• sound: loud, deafening, quiet;
• overall assessment: important, harmful, useful;
• and others.

Signs of qualitative adjectives:

• Availability full and short form:

young - young, young - young, young - young, young - young,
cheerful - cheerful, cheerful - cheerful, cheerful - cheerful, cheerful - cheerful;

• Availability forms of degrees of comparison:

smart - smarter - smartest - the smartest;

• ability to form adverbs starting with -O, -E:

good - good, best - better;

• ability to form abstract nouns:

blue - blue, red - red, green - green;

• ability to form synonymous and antonymous pairs:

cold - fresh - icy, sad - sad - sad,
good - bad, cheerful - sad;

• ability combine with adverbs of degree:

very young, extremely important;

• capable of forming compound adjectives by repetition:

white-white, cunning-cunning;

• can form adjectives with the prefix NOT-:

expensive - inexpensive, strong - not strong;

• ability to form forms of subjective assessment:

young - young, smart - smart.

In short form, qualitative adjectives don't bow, that is, they do not change by case.

When forming short forms of masculine adjectives, their stems may contain fluent vowel O or E(if the stem of a complete adjective ends in two consonants):

long is long, strong is strong, warm is warm, smart is smart.

Adjective worthy has a short masculine form worthy .

From adjectives ending in -NNY, short masculine forms are formed in -EN:

essential - creatures en,
painful - disease en,
related - related en,
limited - limited en.

In some cases, the old, unproductive form persists for -ENEN:

sincere - sparks enen,
frank - frank enen.

Some adjectives do not have a short masculine form, and less often - a feminine form.

Some quality adjectives do not have a short form:

• adjectives with suffixes: friendly, efficient, advanced, skillful, black, lilac;
• denoting a high degree of attribute: strongest, tiny;
• included in the terminological names: deep rear, fast train.

Some adjectives are used only in short form: glad, much, must, need:

Oh, Chatsky, I’m very glad to see you (A. Griboyedov);
Is handsome Lel really good at singing? (A. Ostrovsky);
In the morning I must be sure that I will see you in the afternoon (A. Pushkin);
where it is impossible to take by force, a grip is needed (I. Krylov).

Pronounce correctly:
stupid - stupid - stupid - stupid - stupid,
d'obry - kind - kind - d'bro - kind,
green - green - green - green - green,
right - right - right - right,
empty - empty - empty - empty - empty,
sharp - cutting - cutting - cutting - cutting.

Relative adjectives denote a sign that indirectly expresses relationships to other objects:

• to the material, means: iron bed, melon smell, machine cleaning;
• in place: country real estate, underground road;
• to face: student dormitory, children's playground;
• In time: morning exercises, spring work;
• to action, property, purpose: washing machine, extendable table;
• to number, unit of measurement: meter stick, kilogram ball, two-storey house, five year old child;
• and others like that.

Relative adjectives denote immutable characteristics of objects: spoons can't be more or less wooden, A juice can't be more or less birch, fences- the most iron.

Signs of relative adjectives:

• do not have the properties of qualitative adjectives;
• can be replaced by synonymous phrases:

meat broth - broth made from meat,
stone fence - a fence made of stone,
five-year plan - a plan for five years,
January frost - frost in January.

Possessive adjectives denote belonging of an object to a person or animal and answer the question whose? (whose, whose, whose?) .

Based on the suffixes that are used in the formation of possessive adjectives, the following groups are distinguished:

• with suffix -OV-/-EB-: crocodile tears, Achilles heel, sword of Damocles, Antonov fire;
• with suffixes -IN-/-UN-: pansies, grandmother's tales, father's sermons;
• with suffix -II-: fox tail, hare trail, bear dream.

Adjectives that have a suffix in their initial form -II- and zero ending, in other forms they have the suffix -j-, which not indicated graphically, since it is denoted by one letter along with the ending:

wolf - wolf - wolf - wolf - wolf,
fisherman - fisherman - fisherman - fisherman - fishermen,
hunting - hunting - hunting - hunting - hunting.

In these cases, the suffix -j- is highlighted in the transcription: , , , , and in writing it is denoted by the letters -БЯ, -БЭ, -БУ, -БИ, respectively.

Transition of adjectives from one category to another

Adjectives can be used in figurative meanings. At the same time, they can move from one category to another when they lose their characteristics and acquire characteristics of other categories.

Transition of relative adjectives into qualitative ones

Transition of possessive adjectives into relative adjectives

Transition of possessive adjectives into qualitative ones

Transition of qualitative adjectives into relative ones

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Degrees of comparison denote to what extent is this characteristic manifested in the object? regarding other items.

Degrees of comparison have only qualitative adjectives.

System of degrees of comparison

By value There are three degrees of comparison.

• Positive degree acts as the initial one, expresses the attribute of a given object without comparison with the attribute of another object, and is neutral in relation to the degree of manifestation of the attribute.

• comparative means:

° a feature that is contained in one object to a greater extent than in another: I'm happier than you;

° a sign that in the same object in different time manifests itself differently: Vera became more restrained than before.

• Superlative expresses a sign that this subject manifests itself in highest degree or more than in all other subjects: You are the best today; You are the hardest worker in this group.

By structure highlight:

• simple, or synthetic, form - in it the value of the degree of comparison is expressed in one word;
• composite, or analytical, form - in it the value of the degree of comparison is expressed using several words.

Formation of forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives

Formation of a simple form of comparative degree

Simple (synthetic) comparative form is formed

• from the base of the initial form of the adjective (positive degree) using the following suffixes.

-her(s)- from stems to consonants (except for non-derivative stems to g, x, d, t, st): bright - lighter, weak - weaker, charming - more charming, envious - more envious;

° from non-derivative bases to g, x, d, t, st: expensive - more expensive, dry - drier, young - younger, rich - richer, simple - simpler;

° from adjectives with the suffix -k-, having a short masculine form in -OK: short (short) - shorter, low (low) - lower, loud (loud) - louder;

° from some other adjectives: tall - higher, wide - wider, cheap - cheaper.

Formation of shapes using -e- accompanied by alternating consonants at the end of the stem: expensive - more expensive, loud - louder, dry - drier, cheap - cheaper;

-she, -zhe- unproductive, form forms of comparative degree in isolated cases: distant - further, thin - thinner, deep - deeper;

• using suppletive (different) stems: good is better, bad is worse.

In colloquial speech, forms of the simple comparative degree can be used with the prefix BY-, mitigating the degree of manifestation of the symptom: cheaper - cheaper, more expensive - more expensive, lighter - lighter.

Formation of the Compound Form of the Comparative Degree

Compound (analytic) form of comparative degree is formed

• by connecting the initial form of the adjective with the words MORE, LESS: fresh - fresher - less fresh, difficult - more difficult - less difficult.

Formation of the simple superlative form

Simple form of superlative comparison is formed

• from the base of the initial form (positive degree) using the following suffixes.

-eysh-: kind - the kindest, smart - the smartest;

-aysh-: great - the greatest, strict - the strictest;

-sh-: high is the highest, low is the lowest.

In book speech, a prefix can be added to words NAI-, increasing the degree of manifestation of the characteristic: difficult - the most difficult, small - the least.

For adjectives with the suffixes -sk-, -n-, -ov-, -ev-, -ast-, -ist-, -at-, -liv-, -k-, the simple superlative form is not formed: whitish, sick , combative, boisterous, fibrous, big-headed, loud, long, friendly, cool, brittle, massive, young, dear, talkative, early, dry, narrow, skillful, frequent, etc.

Formation of the superlative form

Compound (analytic) superlative form is formed

• by connecting the initial form (positive degree) with the word MOST: handsome - the most beautiful, tall - the tallest;

• by connecting the initial form (positive degree) with words MOST, LEAST:successful - most successful - least successful, interesting - most interesting - least interesting;

• by combining the simple comparative form with pronouns TOTAL, EVERYONE: cheerful - the most fun of all, warm - the warmest.

Summary table of the formation of forms of degrees of comparison

The syntactic role of degrees of comparison of adjectives

In a sentence they act as the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate:

Evgeniy was more tolerable than many... (A. Pushkin).

Simple comparative forms may act as an inconsistent definition:

A short beard, slightly darker than the hair, slightly shaded the lips and chin (I. Turgenev).

Other forms of degrees of comparison in a sentence they play the same roles as full adjectives in the positive degree.

Stylistic features of the use of degrees of comparison of adjectives

Grammatical norms for using degrees of comparison of adjectives

Simple (synthetic) comparative forms do not change.

During education compound form of comparative degree after the words MORE, LESS cannot be usedadjective in simple comparative degree:

The father’s stern face became even more gloomy (V. Korolenko);
The father's stern face became even more gloomy.

YOU CAN'T SAY "MORE MURDER"!

Declension of adjectives includes changes in numbers, cases and genders - in the singular.

The form of an adjective depends on the noun to which the adjective refers and with which agrees in gender, number and case.

Short adjectives change only by gender and number.

The masculine and neuter forms differ in the nominative and accusative cases, but are the same in other forms.

There are different forms of the accusative case of adjectives in the singular masculine and in the plural, referring to animate and inanimate nouns:

• V.p. = I.p. with animate nouns:
  For the violent raid he doomed their villages and fields to swords and fires (A. Pushkin);
  Bandura players quietly sing glorious songs about you (D. Kedrin);
• V.p. = R.p. for inanimate nouns:
  Masha did not pay attention to the young Frenchman (A. Pushkin);
  And the whole earth should forever glorify ordinary people, to whom for victories I would pour stars into medals (V. Sysoev).

Masculine adjectives in -Ouch bow in the same way as on th , but always have a stressed ending: gray, young - gray, young - gray, young - about gray, about young.

The letter designation of the endings of adjectives in a number of cases sharply diverges from the sound composition: white - white[ъвъ], letn-ego - summer[ьвъ].

Nominative case endings for full adjectives

Gender endings of short adjectives