Why glued parts? Gluing wooden products – Knowledge Hypermarket
— your guide to the world of scale modeling!
Work on a large-scale prefabricated model consists of a continuous connection of individual work stages - elements of construction and assembly. Just like an airplane is created at an aircraft factory. First one stage, then another. At the largest aircraft factories in the world (such as Boeing), the aircraft is generally located on a platform that continuously moves during assembly (from the beginning of the assembly shop to the finish).
And if we want to get a really worthwhile model — we need to improve the efficiency of each individual element of the assembly process. After all, if one element is bad, then maximizing the subsequent ones is much more difficult. If it makes sense at all.
Often a large number of shortcomings are caused by insufficient elaboration of the previous stages.
For example, you can spend all your nerves removing the joints of parts - glue seams, preparing the model body for painting. Often after such work it will be necessary to use a primer.
All this could have been avoided initially quality gluing of parts. So that the joint turns out neat, connection durable, and the seam - inconspicuous.
BUT HOW TO DO THAT?
Here you will need to use different types of adhesives.
In general, until a certain time I did not suspect the existence various types adhesives used in scale modeling. Usually using the simplest one basic type glue. The one we used to glue models back during the Soviet Union. And I didn’t pay any attention to the fairly rich assortment of model adhesives in online stores.
And only after taking a closer look at the work of Japanese modelers in the video materials of the Tamiya company - Tamiya Custom, I decided to look into this issue in more detail. I looked at what exactly they were doing. What adhesives are used and at what stages. Then I bought a little of all the glues. And started experimenting.
Several models have been used up different manufacturers to account for differences in plastic. After all, for example, Italeri’s plastic is different from Zvezdovsky’s. And the same Revell.
It turned out that all adhesives have their own specialization. This significantly improves the quality and efficiency of work. You just need to know the features of the composition and use of each individual glue. And break down the assembly process into appropriate elements in advance - subassemblies .
So, let's look at all types of glue in order. And we will start from the very beginning level.
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| Glue for plastic models: Regular composition |
GLUE FOR ASSEMBLY MODELS: REGULAR
This type of glue is known to every modeller, because acquaintance with the creation of prefabricated plastic scale models begins with it. As a matter of fact, until a certain point this type of glue was used by modellers. Much later, Japanese manufacturing companies introduced other specialized types of glue into their product range.
In Soviet Union, later Russia most modelers (especially modelers mediocre, who collect models from time to time) use only it in their work throughout their many years of practice.
Therefore, this type of glue can be designated as universal standard .
Its main components are butyl acetate + polystyrene. Bonding is achieved due to the combined effect of the two types of action.
The first is the partial dissolution of the plastic on both bonded surfaces. When we connect the surfaces to be glued together and then leave them to harden, the dissolved plastic mixes with each other, connecting the edges of the parts together. The result is a “solid, single piece.” The joint is solid and durable. Ready for further processing.
This effect is also called welding effect .
The second is the additional fastening of parts with polystyrene particles included in the glue. They strengthen the molecular bonds in the dissolved plastic, helping to form a new solid compound.
The peculiarity of using this type of glue is that it is applied to the surfaces to be glued before joining the parts. Those. You must first apply glue to each joint surface. And only then put them together. For the gluing process to proceed better, it is necessary to give the glue time to dissolve the plastic of each part separately. Wait 1-2 minutes. And only then connect the parts.
WORKING CHIP
While working on a model, many modellers have to deal with the situation of a thin, shallow recess appearing at the site of the glue seam. This is possible when the surfaces are not sufficiently prepared and the edges of the parts to be glued have an angle other than 90 degrees.
To avoid such troubles after drying, bordering on the use of putty, you need to do in the following way. During gluing, it is necessary not only to connect the parts, but to press them tightly against each other. Press one part onto another. As a result, the melted plastic will come out. Having fixed the parts in this position, leave them to dry. Then simply remove excess plastic from the joint surface with a modeling knife. And that’s all - the glue seam has an excellent shape that does not require additional processing.
There is one condition. You need to practice in advance unnecessary details. Different plastics from different manufacturers have differences in their structure. Therefore, the same pressure can cause completely different effects. If you apply too much pressure, you can easily ruin the details of the model.
As always, caution and accuracy are important here. And preliminary preparation
GLUE FOR ASSEMBLY MODELS: SUPERFLUID
In general, the name of this type of glue should sound like “glue with increased capillary effect.” This is a liquid adhesive with very high penetrating ability, good volatility, high fluidity, without a consistent filler (gluing is achieved by partially dissolving the plastic on the surfaces to be bonded).
The main advantage of this type of glue is the possibility of penetration - flowing into the joint between folded parts . In other words, when working on a model, you connect the parts together and run a brush with glue along the joint. And thanks to its high fluidity, it independently penetrates into the joint. The action of this glue is fast. The welding effect appears very quickly. You won’t have to wait long for gluing and hardening either.
Often this glue is supplied in containers with a built-in brush. But if you use Akan Pro glue, you will need a brush. An ordinary brush, preferably synthetic. One or zero.
Another one interesting feature highly fluid adhesive is that when it gets on the surface of the plastic, it leaves virtually no traces when it hardens. It quickly evaporates, leaving behind a cloudy, rough surface. Which is not critical for further painting, and does not require a primer.
I would like to say a special word about the Akan Profi glue. It also belongs to the category of high-fluidity. But working with him means high degree caution. He - " nuclear". It not only easily penetrates the plane of the joint of parts, but also very actively dissolves plastic. If you pour this glue onto a surface with potholes and uneven surfaces, it will cope with the leveling task better than putty. He Very good dissolves plastic. Tested on Ital and Zvezda.
Also, when using it, you must be careful not to spill it on the model. Pro only in very small doses does not leave any imprints. Even a medium-sized drop can be enough to form a molten recess.
It took me a long time to get used to this glue, but I liked its power. So I experimented further. Then, having found out its features of application in practice, I made it the main working glue in the process of assembling models.
In general, at the moment, high-flow glue is the main one for me when working on a model. Be it Akan Pro, or Tamiya ExtraThin Cement. I use regular glue only for joining large parts.
GLUE FOR ASSEMBLY MODELS: TRANSPARENT
In general, having considered the above types of glue, we could stop. After all, thanks to them we will be able to achieve solid results. But that would be wrong. There is another very specific type of glue.
T.N. "transparent glue" Its representative is “Contacta Clear” from Revell. Its only purpose is to glue transparent parts. Both with each other and with the plastic of the model itself. In fact, this is a variation of the same universal glue. Only there is no welding effect. Bonding is carried out due to the base, which becomes transparent when dry.
The glue is applied in a thin layer to the bonded surfaces of both parts. Then it needs to be allowed to dry for about 5-10 minutes (so that the adhesive layer is still sticky). Then we carefully press the parts to be glued together.
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| Glue for plastic models: Cyanoacrylate all-purpose glue |
GLUE FOR ASSEMBLY MODELS: CYANOACRYLATE
Cyanoacrylate glue, better known as “superglue,” which is the Russian translation of the Super Glue trademark. This is the name in former USSR has become a household name.
Super Glue was first developed in 1942 (during World War II) by American chemist Harry Coover, who worked for Eastman Kodak, during experiments to find transparent plastics for optical sights. However, the substance was rejected due to excessive stickiness. In 1951, American researchers, while searching for a heat-resistant coating for fighter cabins, accidentally discovered the ability of cyanoacrylate to firmly bond. various surfaces. This time, Coover appreciated the capabilities of the substance, and in 1958, superglue went on sale for the first time, “exploding” the market.
In Russia, superglue is also sold under the brands “Clayberry”, “Sila”, “Cyanopan”, “Skley”, “Secunda”, “Monolith”, “Elephant”, “Super-moment”, etc. In the USSR, the glue was produced under the name “ cyacrine."
Adhesives based on cyanoacrylates can easily withstand loads of 150 kg/cm2, and more advanced ones, such as Loctite’s “Black Max” - 250 kg/cm2. The heat resistance of the connection is low and is comparable to the heat resistance of acrylic plexiglass: from 70-80 °C for conventional adhesives, up to 125 °C for modified ones.
Cyanoacrylate is a strong, quick-setting, instant adhesive. Easily bonds non-porous and water-containing materials. It sets in less than a minute and reaches maximum strength after two hours. However, its shear strength is low, so superglue is sometimes used as a thread locker or to secure a workpiece on a lathe.
Information from the Wikipedia portal was used.
In large-scale modeling, cyanoacrylate, thanks to its ability to glue structures that are completely different in their properties, has also found its place - it has occupied its niche. We use it to fix photo-etched products and conversions created from epoxy resin.
Often we use super glue purchased from print shops or hardware stores. At the same time, the range of model chemistry manufacturers has long included specialized cyanoacrylate model adhesives. Although essentially their difference is only in the special packaging, convenient for the work of the scale modeler. So there is not much difference between them. And what to use - everyone decides for themselves, based on personal preferences.
It is worth considering that super glue has two types of consistencies - regular and gel-like. The second is thicker, jelly-like. It makes it easier to apply glue exactly to the gluing areas, avoiding drips.
GLUE FOR ASSEMBLY MODELS: EPOXY
Finally, it is necessary to mention two-component epoxy adhesives.
Their main property is that epoxy resin, when mixed with a hardener, forms a strong and very durable connection between the parts. But in my opinion they didn't find wide application in the field of modeling using plastic prefabricated models.
This glue is suitable for wood and fiberglass models, wire parts, and photo-etching. But it is contraindicated for polystyrene models, since epoxy resin cannot adhere to plastic.
Epoxy two-component adhesives are also available in two versions - regular and modeling. One of the most interesting forms of packaging of conventional cyanoacrylate variants is Contact glue. The shape of the tube allows you to squeeze out both the resin and hardener from two sections in equal proportions in one movement. They are automatically mixed at the outlet. Of the special modeling options, I know only glue from Tamiya.
But again, personally, I don’t see the point in using epoxy in our business. If anyone sees it, please reflect your opinion in the comments. It will be of interest to all members of our community.
At this point we have covered all types of glue used in scale modeling. What types of glue to use is, of course, up to you to decide. But to achieve a lasting good result, the use of specialized tools is required.
Therefore, different model adhesives - BE !
That's all for today!
Good luck to you!
And wonderful models!
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>>Technology: Gluing wooden products
Gluing wood products
1 Prepare workplace to gluing the parts of the product you are making. Clean the bonding surfaces. Prepare glue and brushes.
2. Apply a uniform layer of glue to the surfaces to be glued with a brush, let it dry for 2...3 minutes, connect the parts and compress them with a clamp or in a vice.
3. In the next lesson, release the product from the clamp, make sure the gluing is correct, and clean the surfaces of glue.
- Natural (carpentry, casein) and synthetic (PVA, BF) adhesives, glue maker, clamp.
1. What adhesives are used in school workshops?
2. How are the surfaces of wood parts prepared before gluing?
3. Why do you think parts coated with glue need to be exposed to air before gluing?
4. Why is it necessary to tightly compress the surfaces to be glued?
A.T. Tishchenko, P.S. Samorodsky, V.D. Simonenko, N.P. Shchipitsyn, Technology 5th grade
Submitted by readers from the website
Gluing
TO category:
Metalwork and assembly work
Gluing
Gluing parts is the last type of assembly of fixed permanent joints, in which a layer of a special substance is introduced between the surfaces of the parts of the assembly unit that can firmly hold them together - glue.
This type of connection has a number of advantages: firstly, the possibility of obtaining assembly units from dissimilar metals and non-metallic materials, secondly, the gluing process does not require elevated temperatures (such as welding or soldering), therefore, deformation of parts is eliminated, third, the internal stress of materials is eliminated.
In plumbing and assembly work, adhesives are usually used: EDP, BF-2, 88N.
Like all other types of joints, the quality of glued joints largely depends on the correct preparation of the surfaces for the gluing process: they should not be stained with dirt, rust, traces of grease or oil. Surfaces are cleaned metal brushes, sandpaper, the material for removing grease and oil stains depends on the brand of glue used: when gluing parts with 88N glue, gasoline is used, for EDP and BF-2 glues - acetone.
The process of gluing parts consists of the following operations:
- prepare the surfaces of the parts and select the brand of glue (see above);
- apply the first layer of glue to the surfaces at the joints (this operation can be performed with a brush or by pouring), dry, apply a second layer of glue, connect the parts and press them together with clamps (here it is important to ensure the exact matching of the parts and their tight fit);
- hold the glued assembly and clean the seams from any glue smudges.
Drying mode for the first layer of glue: EAF - applied in one layer and does not require drying; BF-2 - 1 hour at a temperature of 20 degrees C (“touch-touch”); 88N - 10-15 minutes in air, “after applying the second layer, wait for 3-4 minutes and only then connect the parts.
Curing mode for glued joints: when using EDP glue - 2-3 days at a temperature of 20 degrees C or 1 day at a temperature of 40 degrees C; BF-2 glue - 3-4 days at a temperature of 16-20 degrees C or 1 hour at a temperature of 140-160 degrees C; glue 88N - 24-48 hours at a temperature of 16-20 degrees C under load.
When assembling machines and mechanisms, sometimes combined glued joints are used - glue-welded: a layer of VK-9 glue is applied to the mating surface of one of the parts, and the second part is welded using the spot welding along this layer.
In the designs of various machines and mechanisms that a mechanic has to assemble and repair, the main purpose of the moving units is to convert rotational movements into translational ones and to convert the speed and direction of movement. That is why such nodes are called transmissions. The action of mechanical transmissions is based either on the use of gearing (gear, worm, chain) or on the use of friction force (belt, friction). However, both transmissions have something in common in their designs - the presence of bearings (sliding or rolling) in the transmission units. It is with their installation (installation) that we will begin to familiarize ourselves with the process of assembling mechanical transmission units.
Gluing is a method of joining workpieces using glue. By gluing it is possible to obtain joints from dissimilar materials. It does not cause structural changes in the workpiece material and does not make the product heavier. Adhesive joints have good heat-insulating, sound-absorbing, damping and sealing properties. The disadvantages of adhesive joints include low heat resistance and low strength. Many glues are toxic. By gluing, connections are made between bushings and housings or shafts, and also blanks made of sheet material are connected to each other.
Bonding is an adhesive process, i.e. the process of molecular adhesion of surfaces to glue.
The adhesive materials are high-polymers based on epoxy, polyurethane, phenol-formaldehyde and other resins. Based adhesives epoxy resins(VK-32-EM, epoxy P, PR) are widely used. Connections with these adhesives are characterized by high shear strength and heat resistance (up to 90 ° C). Adhesives based on phenolic resins BF-2 and BF-4 provide lower strength and heat resistance up to 70 ° C. In units operating under conditions of elevated temperatures and vibrations, adhesives with high vibration resistance (VK-13, VK-13M) are used. Special adhesives provide heat resistance up to 500 °C and increased shear strength.
Sequence of work when gluing. For reliable adhesion, it is necessary to carefully prepare the surfaces for gluing. The gap should not exceed 0.05-0.25 mm. The strongest connections are obtained with a roughness of the bonded surfaces Ra = - 1.6 f 3.2 µm.
The workpieces are cleaned from dirt, scale and grease in solutions of phosphorus (low-carbon steel), sulfur ( aluminum alloys), nitrogen ( copper alloys) acids and in alkali solution (corrosion-resistant steels). They are then washed in hot water, dried and degreased with solvents. Sometimes, before gluing, surfaces are subjected to tinning (brass), anodizing (aluminum alloys), etc.
The glue is prepared in special premises. It is applied in individual dots, rows of dots, stripes or on the entire surface (in one or two layers). The workpieces are connected with clamps, clamps or special devices. Depending on the brand of glue and the shape of the surfaces to be glued, the pressure is 0.05-2 MPa. If hot curing is necessary, the workpieces are simultaneously heated in thermostats or ovens. The heating temperature and holding time are taken in accordance with those recommended for each brand of glue. After gluing, the remaining adhesive is removed with metal brushes, scrapers or sandpaper.