Marking of drainage trays according to GOST. Technical characteristics and application of reinforced concrete trays for heating mains or drainage

home

Internet

If the site is located in a problem area, for example, an uneven surface, then it is necessary to install special concrete trays. Such structures prevent the formation of water stagnation. A structure of concrete gutters and channels directs wastewater into the general sewer system.

The design of this system is quite simple. Base - concrete trays, drainage traysthemselves are simple and represent gutters of a simple shape, which are selected depending on the direction of the wastewater.

A drainage tray is a container that can be of different shapes (rectangular, square or rounded), used to provide a level of safety for some objects from storm drains. Concrete drainage trays with gratings are sometimes equipped with valves and locks.

There are two types of trays:

edge;
telescopic.

They differ in shape and are used in different fields.

With proper installation of the drainage system, there will be no puddles or dirt on the site, moreover, this will extend the service life of the nearby surface

You can also divide drainage products according to the load class they can withstand:

All concrete drainage trays can be divided by size. Concrete drainage and drainage trays are currently being manufactured. standard sizes(1 meter), and different cross-sectional levels (10-50 cm).

Manufacturers also offer water intake trays. They are very popular in the field of collection and drainage of rain and melt water. They, like drainage ones, are made of concrete. The scope of application is very wide: private construction, parking lots, sidewalks, roadsides. Concrete storm water inlets are equipped with gratings and can be equipped with a vertical overflow.

Production of concrete drainage trays according to GOST

During the manufacture of concrete drainage trays with gratings manufacturers adhere to the requirements of GOST 21509-85. According to it, there are several types of products, installation methods, types of equipment, sizes and shapes. The rules for transportation, production and installation are prescribed separately.

The scope of application of trays is quite wide, they are:

cable;
drainage;
heating mains.

The dimensions of the gutter determine its throughput and depend on the standard value of precipitation in the area

All products must comply with GOST requirements:

frost resistance;
strength;
anti-corrosion properties;
uniform structure without voids;
moisture resistance.

Nowadays two methods of making concrete trays are also used:

vibration pressing;
vibration casting.

Production methods

Vibration pressing

The process of making trays using this method is not complicated. It happens as follows:

V special form pour the concrete mixture;
then excess moisture and air bubbles are removed under pressure.

The concrete mixture consists of cement and fine aggregate, which is subsequently secured with fibers consisting of polymer, steel or fiberglass. Previously all used hardware treated for rust. Thanks to this production technology, ready-made drainage trays have not only many advantages, but also some disadvantages.

A table where you can see a number of basic qualities:

For drainage patches, the most important indicators are frost resistance and moisture resistance

Vibrocasting

Vibratory casting is a simple, but rather slow and expensive method of producing concrete drainage trays. The products are of insufficient quality. The manufacturing process is as follows: the drainage tray in the form is placed on a special vibrating table and begins to be compacted by vibration. In this case, the greatest load is placed on the outer part of the tray, while the inner part remains insufficiently pressed. In the future, this will lead to its rather rapid destruction.

DIY installation of concrete trays

The process of installing trays in drainage systems is almost the same for both private and industrial construction.

Do-it-yourself installation of concrete drainage trays begins with preparing the necessary documentation and searching for suppliers with reasonable prices for products. If the drainage system will be installed on the road surface, then the equipment must be prepared taking into account galvanized and reinforced products. It is better to install concrete plates in the arrangement of the pedestrian zone.

Main stages of installation work:

digging or digging a trench, which should be twice the size of the trays themselves;
filling the trench with concrete;
if there is a sand catcher, a recess is prepared in advance into which the string is pulled;
assembly of the drainage system structure and its installation. To connect them, it is better to use tongues or grooves;
if the products are installed on a slope, the joints are sealed with concrete - this prevents leakage;
fixing the trays with stones on both sides to reduce the risk of swinging;
the remaining space is filled with sand and crushed stone, if this is not possible, it is filled with concrete.

Price category

Concrete channels and drainage trays with gratings are made from inexpensive raw materials, so the finished product can be purchased at a low price.

Concrete drainage tray is sold in wide range, so the price will depend on the size of the product.

Cost depends on technical characteristics and strength

For example, a reinforced concrete drainage tray weighing 7 kg can be sold at a price of 200 rubles, and a product weighing 25 kg can cost 400 rubles.

Concrete drainage trays for blind areas can be bought in a specialized store from 300 rubles per meter.

The video shows how to install a drainage system with your own hands at your dacha:

Concrete trays are used for surface water collection systems, where there is a slight slope of the surface and a limited depth of immersion, for example, the thickness of the covering of a terrace, flooring in warehouses, industrial premises, or the covering of pedestrian paths and driveways.

Drainage trays are made from plastic (PVC, polypropylene), composite materials and concrete. The latter option is characterized by increased strength, durability and low cost.

Trays are an elongated container with a groove of rectangular, semicircular or square cross-section. A grill is installed on top; it prevents large debris from entering the drainage system. In products with shallow depth, a grille is not installed.

Concrete trays are used to organize linear drainage from the territory.

This system allows:

Reduce soil subsidence.
Collect and divert water flow from a large area.
Connect the system to the storm sewer.

Linear drainage consists of buried trays and sand traps that retain small debris. Here we use products with decorative grilles, which prevent clogging of the system and the entry of leaves and large debris into the channels.

Manufacturing technology

Trays that are used for pedestrian areas have a wide selection of shapes; colors combine well with various types of paving slabs. They simple shapes and are easy to clean from small debris.

Concrete trays are produced in factories that produce reinforced concrete products. They are made from concrete using the vibrocompression method, which increases the strength and resistance of products to chemical and mechanical influences.

In a factory setting, in a mold for pressing under high pressure, the concrete mixture vibrates. As a result, air bubbles are removed, the mixture is compacted and the product becomes more dense. The concrete is additionally reinforced with fiberglass.

Drainage trays are used for:

Pedestrian zones: sidewalks, summer areas of cafes and restaurants, territories of private houses, when organizing landscapes in parks and squares.
On roadways and in places of traffic at gas stations, in car washes, covered above-ground or underground garages.

Kinds

Sand trap

Depending on the place of use, there are internal and external. Indoor models are most often used in factory workshops and sports facilities.

External ones are divided into:

Watershed.
Discharging water.
With sand catcher.

Drainage systems are used to drain areas and protect building foundations from flooding. They form a system that collects water from a large area at one or several points.

Trays that drain water are used to organize a drainage system. They collect and discharge water from the territory into storm drains or special water intakes.

Sand traps help increase the service life of the drainage system, because they collect large particles of debris.

Also, there are models with an internal slope of 0.5%, which allows water to be removed from areas with minimal or no slope.

When choosing a tray, you need to pay attention to the compliance with the technical characteristics, the conditions under which it is installed. Also, the volume of drainage water and the loads transmitted from vehicles and equipment must be taken into account.

Specifications

In the production of trays, heavy grades of concrete are used, which guarantees their strength and resistance to a humid environment. Some manufacturers coat the inner surface of the tray with special compounds that prevent water penetration.

The surface of concrete trays used on industrial enterprises, coated , to prevent destruction.

Frost resistance of concrete trays is F300, meaning they can withstand 300 freeze-thaw cycles without losing strength.

The drainage coefficient depends on the angle of inclination of the surface and the overall dimensions of the trays. For warehouse or industrial premises without slope, models with internal slope can be used.

To the maximum permissible load, products are divided into several groups:

A 15 with a load of up to 1.5 tons, are used for country houses, pedestrian and bicycle paths.
B 125 with a load of up to 12.5 tons, used in parking lots and small garages.
From 250 with a load of up to 25 tons, used for gas stations, car washes.
D 400 with a load of up to 40 tons for roads for any type of transport.
E 600 with a load of up to 60 tons for industrial and logistics facilities.
F 900 with a load of up to 90 tons, used for airfields and military facilities.

Advantages, disadvantages and price

Main advantages:

Strength concrete products.
High frost resistance.
Chemical resistance.
Possibility of fixing the gratings using bolted connections.
Wide range of products various widths and sections.

The main disadvantage of concrete trays- this is their weight. Therefore, they are laid using mechanisms, which complicates the process. On average, a product with a length of 1 meter and a width of 13.8 cm weighs from 14 kg. The product, with a width of 25 to 40 cm and a length of 1 meter, weighs from 58 to 198 kg. There are trays weighing about 352 kg.

The cost of a concrete tray depends on its technical characteristics and use cases.

Related products are included with them:

Steel plate, reinforcing the product.
Water intake grates made of galvanized or of stainless steel, cast iron, copper.
Special fasteners.
End cap, sits on cement mortar.

Some trays are sold with grids, which also affects the cost of the product.

Concrete goods L-1-7

The Russian construction market has big choice concrete trays:

Estimated cost of products:

POLITEP company
Concrete concrete plant 11, model L-1-7, used to prevent waterlogging of the soil, price 750 rubles.
POLITEP company, model SD-20 for the road with a grill, price 3800 rubles.
POLITEP company, model SG-6 with drainage, without grille, price 300 rubles.

Dimensions and GOST

The smallest trays come in the following sizes: width 14 cm, height 6 cm, length 50 cm. They are used to drain water to small area private or low-rise building.

Products with dimensions: width 13.8 cm, height 12.5 cm, length 1 meter, are used in the construction of country houses, small car washes, gas stations.

Trays with dimensions: width 65 cm, height 50.5 cm and length 1 meter, are used for organizing drainage in places with heavy traffic of cars and trucks, at industrial and warehouse facilities, at terminals.

IN building codes Russia has several regulatory documents that indicate the main parameters of concrete trays. The main one is GOST-21509-76. The shape, maximum permissible deviations and features of transportation of products are indicated here.

GOST-23009-78 is a collection of rules governing the production of reinforced concrete products.

Concrete drainage trays are also produced with drainage grates made of cast iron. They are most often called kits, have a high water throughput and can withstand intense loads. They are used to organize linear drainage at large gas stations, warehouses and industrial facilities, in places of heavy traffic.

1032 Views

Concrete drainage trays are one of the most necessary parts in the construction and organization of systems for draining rainwater from buildings and in the organization of cable systems. Let's look at what types of trays there are and how they are used.

Types and purpose

The strength and durability of concrete structures is ensured by the quality and water resistance of the brand of concrete that is used to fill the form. That is why the trays are based on a mixture of a grade no lower than M-200. In addition, the base is made of class A reinforcement rods or Bp-I grade wire base. The quality of the finished product is regulated by the requirements of GOST 21509-85.

Here are the main parameters that are specified in GOST:

moisture resistance and ability to withstand frost;
corrosion resistance metal parts and fittings;
thickness and density of the concrete layer;
general characteristics of the concrete mixture;
resistance of the finished product to mechanical stress;
the presence of voids in the cavity of the product.

Depending on the ratio of all the above parameters, there are three directions for using concrete drainage trays:

drainage - function;
for laying cables;
to protect the heating main.

Let's take a closer look at drainage trays

From the name of the product it is clear that they are used to organize drainage systems and drains. Functions performed by these products:

Providing drainage, that is, removal from the surrounding soil excess moisture.
Moisture redistribution. Removing water from road surface and transporting it to the roadside or slopes.
Organization of channels for water outflow.
Ensuring the outflow of storm water.
Sewage function - connections of drainage systems with collectors.

Types of drainage trays

In accordance with GOST, there are three main types:

in the form of a trapezoid;
in the form of the letter P;
in the form of a parabola.

At the same time, the first and second types can be either with a flat, flat internal base, or in the form of a round gutter.
All the main characteristics, as well as the scope of their application, can be found out from the markings. It is especially important to study the markings when constructing or installing pipelines in difficult natural conditions. For example, when laying tracks in soil subject to seasonal fluctuations: swampy terrain, the presence of a clay layer, the presence of groundwater.

This also includes work that is carried out in the far north. The most important requirement here is resistance to low temperatures.
Drainage trays are marked with the letter L, and two numbers indicate the series number and the maximum vertical load.

For ease of installation, trays come in two types: prefabricated and integral.
Common models: length ranges from 0.72 meters to 6 meters, width from 0.4 meters to 1.84 meters, edge height from 0.38 meters to 1.32 meters.

Concrete trays for the construction of heating mains

The main purpose of these trays is reliable protection pipelines from corrosion, reducing heat loss and protecting pipes from rodents. For sewerage and heating mains I use two types of trays:

GOST Klp - these trays are covered with removable lids;
GOST Kls - connection using channel fasteners.

The advantage of concrete trays over their brick counterparts:

saving time and effort during installation due to the simplicity and integrity of the structure;
significant cost reduction due to reduction Supplies;
significant superiority in load-bearing capacity;
ability to withstand sudden temperature changes and soil fluctuations.

Groundwater resistance

For the use of sewer trays, the letter K is indicated, and for heating mains, the letter L.
Let's compare the cost of different concrete trays.
When buying a tray, you need to analyze in detail all the parameters of the product you have chosen: load, dimensions, assembly method and availability of a certificate.

The average price for one LK type tray measuring 350 mm by 350 mm and 2970 mm will be 1,700 rubles. It can be used to provide drainage systems. For example, during the construction of highways or bridges.
Product L 2-8\2 with parameters 360 mm by 570 mm and 2970 mm will cost 2450 rubles. These trays are wider and are ideal for the construction of drainage systems for walking paths and drainage of rainwater from residential buildings.

LK 300. 4 5.30-1, has the following dimensions: 280 mm by 430 mm and 2990 mm. The price of this tray will be 3315 rubles. Such products are ideal for installing heating systems and laying cables.
The most expensive option is L 10-8\2 with parameters of 550 mm by 1480 mm and 2970 mm. The cost of this product is 6600 rubles.

Here are the main parameters that are specified in GOST:

moisture resistance and ability to withstand frost;
resistance to corrosion of metal parts and fittings;
thickness and density of the concrete layer;
general characteristics of the concrete mixture;
resistance of the finished product to mechanical stress;
the presence of voids in the cavity of the product.

Depending on the ratio of all the above parameters, there are three directions for using concrete drainage trays:

drainage - function;
for laying cables;
to protect the heating main.

back to menu

From the name of the product it is clear that they are used to organize drainage systems and drains. Functions performed by these products:

Providing drainage, that is, removing excess moisture from the surrounding soil.
Moisture redistribution. Removing water from the road surface and transporting it to the side of the road or slopes.
Organization of channels for water outflow.
Ensuring the outflow of storm water.
Sewage function - connections of drainage systems with collectors.

Types of drainage trays

In accordance with GOST, there are three main types:

in the form of a trapezoid;
in the form of the letter P;
in the form of a parabola.

At the same time, the first and second types can be either with a flat, flat internal base, or in the form of a round gutter. All the main characteristics, as well as the scope of their application, can be found out from the markings. It is especially important to study the markings when constructing or installing pipelines in difficult natural conditions. For example, when laying tracks in soil subject to seasonal fluctuations: swampy terrain, the presence of a clay layer, the presence of groundwater.

This also includes work that is carried out in the far north. The most important requirement here is resistance to low temperatures. Drainage trays are marked with the letter L, and two numbers indicate the series number and the maximum vertical load.

For ease of installation, trays come in two types: prefabricated and integral. Common models: length ranges from 0.72 meters to 6 meters, width from 0.4 meters to 1.84 meters, edge height from 0.38 meters to 1.32 meters.

Return to menu

The main purpose of these trays is to reliably protect the pipeline from corrosion, reduce heat loss and protect pipes from rodents. For sewerage and heating mains I use two types of trays:

GOST Klp - these trays are covered with removable lids;
GOST Kls - connection using channel fasteners.

The advantage of concrete trays over their brick counterparts:

saving time and effort during installation due to the simplicity and integrity of the structure;
significant cost reduction due to reduction of consumables;
significant superiority in load-bearing capacity;
ability to withstand sudden temperature changes and soil fluctuations.

back to menu

For the use of sewer trays, the letter K is indicated, and for heating mains, the letter L. Let’s compare the cost of various concrete trays.

When buying a tray, you need to analyze in detail all the parameters of the product you have chosen: load, dimensions, assembly method and availability of a certificate.

The average price for one LK type tray measuring 350 mm by 350 mm and 2970 mm will be 1,700 rubles. It can be used to provide drainage systems. For example, during the construction of highways or bridges. Product L 2-8\2 with parameters 360 mm by 570 mm and 2970 mm will cost 2450 rubles. These trays are wider and are ideal for the construction of drainage systems for walking paths and drainage of rainwater from residential buildings.

LK 300. 4 5.30-1, has the following dimensions: 280 mm by 430 mm and 2990 mm. The price of this tray will be 3315 rubles. Such products are ideal for installing heating systems and laying cables. The most expensive option is L 10-8\2 with parameters of 550 mm by 1480 mm and 2970 mm. The cost of this product is 6600 rubles.

Additional materials:

Administrator

GOST 21509-76 Reinforced concrete trays for irrigation systems. Technical specifications (with Amendment No. 1), GOST dated December 31, 1975 No. 21509-76

GOST 21509-76Group Zh33

Date of introduction 1977-01-01

APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction Affairs of December 31, 1975 N 247

REISSUE (November 1984) with Amendment No. 1, approved in September 1984; Fast. N 159 from 12.09.84 (IUS 2-85)

This standard applies to reinforced concrete socket-shaped trays of parabolic cross-section, made of heavy concrete with an average density of 2200-2500 kg/cub.m inclusive and intended for the installation of prefabricated distribution channels of irrigation systems with a water flow rate of up to 5 cubic meters/s.

The technical level indicators established by this standard are provided for trays of the first quality category.

1. TYPES, BRANDS AND SIZES

1.1. According to operating conditions, reinforced concrete parabolic trays are divided into the following types:

LR - trays constructed on piles, rack supports and slabs;

LRG - trays laid in the ground.

The shape, main dimensions and material consumption indicators (concrete and steel consumption) of the trays must correspond to those indicated in Figure 1 and Table 1

Figure 1 Shape, main dimensions and material consumption indicators (concrete and steel consumption) of trays

Table 1(Left side)

Markalotka

Main dimensions, mm

Table 1(left side)


Markalotka	Material consumption	Reference weight, t
	Concrete, cubic meters

Note. The reference mass of the tray is given for concrete with an average density of 2400 kg/cub.m

1.2. Trays should be marked with marks in accordance with GOST 23009-78.

The tray brand consists of one alphanumeric group and contains the designation of the tray type and the nominal height of the tray in decimeters, the value of which is rounded to the nearest whole number.

Example symbol(brand) reinforced concrete socket tray type LR with a height of 400 mm:

1.1, 1.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Trays should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard and technological documentation approved in in the prescribed manner, according to working drawings standard designs series 3.820.1-34с/85.

Trays should be made using thermal shields-weights.

2.2. Values of actual deviations geometric parameters should not exceed the limits specified in Table 2.

table 2

2.3. Trays must be waterproof and withstand hydrostatic tests when loaded with the design operating load.

Trays must meet the requirements of GOST 13015.0-83:

according to the actual strength of concrete (at design age and tempering age);

on frost resistance and water resistance of concrete;

to the quality of materials used to prepare concrete;

to concrete, as well as materials for preparing concrete trays used under conditions of exposure to aggressive soils and groundwater;

to the shape and size of reinforcement and embedded products and their position in the tray;

to steel grades for reinforcing and embedded products, including for mounting hinges;

by deviation of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete;

on corrosion protection;

on the use of molds for the manufacture of trays.

2.4. Trays should be made of heavy concrete with compressive strength grade M300.

2.5. The normalized tempering strength of concrete should be 70% of the compressive strength grade of concrete.

2.6. Aggregates used to prepare concrete trays must meet the requirements of GOST 10268-80. The largest aggregate size should be no more than 15 mm.

2.7. Concrete used for the manufacture of trays must be prepared with Portland cement grade no lower than 400 according to GOST 10178-76, and for the manufacture of trays intended for use in soils with aggressive waters - with sulfate-resistant Portland cement in accordance with GOST 22266-76.

The use of slag Portland cement, pozzolanic Portland cement, and Portland cement with active additives is not allowed.

2.8. The thickness of the protective layer of concrete up to the working reinforcement must be at least 15 mm.

For trays operated in aggressive environments, deviations in the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement should not be more than plus 3 mm.

2.9. Welded reinforcement and embedded products must meet the requirements of GOST 10922-75.

The longitudinal bars of the mesh of unstressed trays must be made of hot-rolled steel of a periodic profile with a diameter of 6 mm class A-I II according to GOST 5781-82.

Transverse reinforcement of trays must be made from periodic profile reinforcing wire of class VR-1 with a diameter of 5 mm in accordance with GOST 6727-80.

2.1.-2.9. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.10. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

2.11. On the inner surface of the socket and on the outer surface of the end of the tray in the area where the sealing materials are located, sagging and chips of concrete, as well as cavities with a diameter of more than 3 mm and a depth of more than 2 mm, are not allowed. The number of sinks in an area of 0.01 sq.m (100x100 mm) in any part of the specified surface area should be no more than three. The remaining concrete surface of the tray must be of category A6 according to GOST 13015.0-83.

Cracks are not allowed on the surface of the trays, with the exception of local shrinkage cracks with a width of no more than 0.1 mm on the outer surface of the socket and a technological boss in the shell of the tray.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.12. The embedded products of clamps in LRG type trays should be made from steel strip grade VSt.3sp2 in accordance with GOST 103-76, class A-1 fittings in accordance with GOST 5781-82 and welded to reinforcing mesh bell

2.13. Manufacturers of trays must supply consumers with trays complete with sealing materials for sealing butt joints: round rubber bands in accordance with GOST 6467-79 or porous rubber gaskets in accordance with GOST 19177-81.

2.12, 2.13. (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

3. ACCEPTANCE RULES AND TEST METHODS

3.1. Trays should be accepted in batches in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.1-81 and this standard.

The number of trays in a batch should be no more than:

200 - for trays with a height of 400-800 mm;

100 - for trays with a height of 1000 mm.

3.2. Acceptance of trays in terms of frost resistance and water resistance of concrete should be carried out based on the results of periodic tests.

3.3. Acceptance of trays in terms of their water resistance, concrete strength (compressive strength grade and tempering strength), compliance of reinforcement and embedded products with design documentation, strength of welded joints, accuracy of geometric parameters, thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, opening width of shrinkage cracks, concrete category surface inspections should be carried out based on the results of acceptance tests and inspections.

The water resistance test should be carried out on 1% of the trays from the batch, but not less than two trays.

3.4. Acceptance of trays in terms of the accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, the quality of concrete surfaces, controlled by measurements, should be carried out based on the results of a single-stage sampling inspection.

3.5. The dimensions of the trays, the position of the mounting loops, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete before the reinforcement, as well as the quality of surfaces and appearance trays are checked according to GOST 13015-75.

The wall thickness is measured at the ends of the trays evenly along the perimeter of the tray cross-section at at least five points.

The non-perpendicularity of the end planes of the tray to its longitudinal axis is determined by measuring largest gap between the end plane of the tray and a metal test square installed at right angles to the side of the tray.

Determination of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete, the size and location of reinforcement can also be done by scanning with ionizing radiation according to GOST 17625-83.

3.6. The compressive strength of concrete should be determined according to GOST 10180-78.

Monitoring and assessment of the homogeneity and strength of concrete trays should be carried out in accordance with GOST 18105.1-80.

If during the inspection it is established that the actual tempering strength of the concrete of the trays is lower than the required tempering strength, then the trays should be delivered to the consumer after the concrete reaches a strength corresponding to the grade of concrete in terms of compressive strength.

3.7. Frost resistance of concrete should be determined according to GOST 10060-76, water resistance of concrete - according to GOST 12730.5-78.

3.1.-3.7. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3.8, 3.9 (Excluded, Amendment No. 1).

3.10. Testing of trays for water resistance is carried out on a special stand according to the diagram shown in Figure 2, in the following order.

Figure 2 Scheme of hydrostatic tests of the tray for water tightness

Scheme of hydrostatic testing of a tray for water tightness

1 - test tray; 2 - shortened tray (2 pcs.); 3 - plugs; 4 - tray supports; 5 - gasket.

When transporting trays by rail, they must be loaded and secured in accordance with current instructions for the transportation of goods approved by the Ministry of Railways.

After applying each load step, the tray is kept under this load for 15 minutes and the tray is inspected to detect cracks, leaks or wet spots.

A tray completely filled with water is kept for 24 hours.

3.11. A batch of trays is considered to have passed the water resistance test if in all trays selected from this batch in the quantity established in clause 3.3, one day after they are filled, no water filtration in the form of wet spots or leaks is detected.

If unsatisfactory test results are obtained on at least one tray, re-test twice the number of samples taken from the same batch. If the result of repeated tests is unsatisfactory, the batch is considered to have failed the test.

3.10, 3.11. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4. MARKING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

4.1. Marking of trays - according to GOST 13015.2-81. Markings and signs should be applied to the outer surface of the tray socket.

4.2. Transportation and storage of trays - in accordance with GOST 13015.4-84 and this standard.

The trays are stacked on special gaskets that eliminate the occurrence of expansion forces, with sockets in different directions. Pads are installed under the lower tray. The height of the stack should not exceed 2 m.

4.1, 4.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.3. Passages between stacks should be arranged in the longitudinal direction every two adjacent stacks, and in the transverse direction - at least every 25 m. The width of the passages should be at least 0.7 m, and the size of the gaps between adjacent stacks should be at least 0.2 m.

4.4. Transportation of trays by road must be carried out in vehicles equipped with special containers.

4.5. Trays are transported both in working and non-working positions (bottom up).

4.4, 4.5. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.6. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

4.7. Requirements for the document on the quality of trays supplied to the consumer are in accordance with GOST 13015.3-81.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

The text of the document is verified according to: official publication

M.: Standards Publishing House, 1985

docs.cntd.ru

Reinforced concrete drainage trays

For drainage of water from roads and buildings, laying various types communications and heating mains use special protective structures - trays made of high-quality anti-corrosion materials. An important advantage of reinforced concrete structures is their affordable price, noticeable savings time for construction and installation work. Familiarization with the classification of protective products will help you choose desired type and the size of reinforced concrete trays to solve a specific engineering problem.

Technical requirements
Types of trays
Dimensions
Explanation of markings
Prices

Features and purpose

The material is concrete with a density of at least 2400 kg/m3, reinforced with reinforcement of class A-I, A-II or reinforcement wire B-I. According to the manufacturing method, vibro-cast and vibro-pressed trays are distinguished. The second type is more resistant to the aggressive influence of the external environment; concrete on a vibrating press is dense, with a uniform structure and low water permeability. The walls of products are sometimes strengthened using galvanized steel linings.

The following requirements apply to trays, according to GOST 13015.0-83, 10268-80:

concrete compressive strength – not less than M300;
particle size of the concrete mixture aggregate – maximum 15 mm;
Portland cement used - grade not lower than M400;
the thickness of the concrete layer above the reinforcement is at least 15 mm;
on the working surface there should be no sagging of concrete, sinks with a depth of more than 2 mm and a diameter of more than 3 mm;
Shrinkage cracks no thicker than 0.1 mm may be present on the outer surface.

According to the functions they perform, protective concrete products are classified as follows:

1. drainage trays (type L, series 006.1-2/87) - used to create drainage, sewer and collector networks, used for transporting waste, subsoil and rainwater;

2. cable (type UBK, UBS, series of drawings 3.006.1-2.87) - protect cable channels (electrical, information, communications) and buses laid underground from damage, and are also reliable electrical insulators, preventing contact of high-voltage power lines with soil;

3. heating main trays (type L, series 006.1-8) - protect pipes filled with steam or hot water, from heat loss, pressure and soil displacement, corrosion destruction, rodents;

4. drainage (MFBL) - for removing subsoil, melt and rain moisture from the foundations of houses, parking lots, pedestrian areas, highways, railway tracks;

5. road (type L, B; series 503.1-66) – remove water from roads to slopes;

6. intersleepers, intertracks (MPL, MSHL, series 501-68) - for draining water from railway lines.

Reinforced concrete drainage trays can perform various functions. Depending on the purpose of use, design and method of installation, they are divided into the following groups:

storm drains - for collecting and draining large volumes of water generated during heavy rains;
sewer - transport wastewater to collectors;
telescopic - for collecting water on slopes and embankments and discharging it in a specially designated area; when constructing roads, they are used to create a transverse drainage system;
culverts are gutters to ensure the gravity movement of water.

Types of trays

The industry produces products with rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, elliptical, and parabolic cross-sections. The required form selected depending on the technical problems being solved.

1. Square or rectangular. The most common type is a U-shaped box, resembling a gutter. Channel trays have this profile: bundles of cables are laid in them, the gaps are filled with concrete mixture, and waterproofing is done using mastic. In drainage systems, reinforced concrete culverts of rectangular cross-section are also most often used.

2. Triangular. This is the best option for storm sewers laid along roads; a triangular profile is preferable.

3. Trapezoidal. This form is characteristic of telescopic drainage trays: when laid along the slope, they are inserted into each other. This allows you to withstand the water pressure that arises due to the difference in height.

4. Parabolic. They serve for water drainage, drainage, waste removal and are complemented by gratings made of cast iron, stainless steel, and plastic. Fences provide safety, serve an aesthetic role and act as a barrier to debris. Precast concrete trays with a parabolic cross-section are installed on a “cushion” of concrete, and the joints are sealed with mortar.

In each of these groups there are different modifications - solid, prefabricated, wide, narrow, additional.

Tray dimensions

The size of the product depends on its functional purpose, brand and design load. Length, width, height, wall thickness, volume vary. Conventionally, trays are divided into two categories: standard and non-standard. The most popular are GOST reinforced concrete products with the following dimensions:

rectangular and square – 2970x420x360; 2970x1840x570; 2970x2780x1060 mm;
trapezoidal – 2990x280x280; 2990x1180x430; 2990x2080x880 mm;
parabolic – 720x420x360; 720x1160x1310; 720x2780x1060 mm.

It makes sense to order non-standard trays for large objects so that the cost of designing and manufacturing equipment is recouped. In this case, the main parameters must meet general technical requirements.

How are products labeled?

Each series has a specific designation, which is a combination of letters and numbers. In regulated labeling state standards, type, size, design features, load index are encrypted. The following are several examples of reinforced concrete designations.

1. For insulation of heating mains (for example, L-12-8/2). The letter L with a series number (12) indicates the standard size, the number 8 indicates the design load in tf/m2. The number 2 after the stroke indicates that the length does not coincide with the standard dimension (6 m), but is ½ of this indicator - 3 m.

2. Culvert trays. They are marked with the letters B or LT. Series B includes products with the following dimensions: length – 1000-2500 mm, width – 375-750, height – 215-450 mm. The size of the LT is slightly larger: length – 1000-5980, width – 360-1700, height – 80-1000 mm.

3. Cable (for example, UBK.2A). The letter code indicates that the product is a universal cable, number 2 is the standard size (1990x500x160 mm). The letter A means that there are embedded elements (mesh and rods).

Price

Precast concrete products are the most affordable option arrangement of a water disposal or drainage system. Price depends on design features, design load class, throughput (width of hydraulic section), manufacturing technology. It is advisable to purchase products from the manufacturer: in this case, you can avoid customs and logistics surcharges. To ensure the quality of the product, you should familiarize yourself with its certificate and quality guarantees from the supplier.

Average prices for trays sold in the Moscow region are shown in the table.

Reinforced concrete trays are used for installation of heating mains in ground conditions. There are special requirements for the strength of such products, so the trays are made of heavy concrete and heavy-duty steel of categories Bp-1 and A-1. The main purpose of using a reinforced concrete tray is to lay a utility network.

In addition, the trays accumulate air around the heating main, promoting energy saving, and also protect the networks from destruction under the influence of groundwater.
The classification of such trays is carried out depending on the type of design, assembly process and functional purpose.

For example, edge trays are widely used for prefabricated drainage structures serving highways. From the name of these structures it is easy to understand that they are mounted along the edges, and the main purpose of their use is to effectively drain water to the slopes of the roadway.

GOST 32955-2014 - Public roads. Road drainage trays. Technical requirements.

The goals, the most significant principles and key requirements for carrying out work on international standardization are assigned by such a standard as GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation"

Where is it used?

The standard in question regulates the installation of trays, the clear width of which does not exceed 100 cm. It also applies to those products that are manufactured directly during the work, the main material being solid concrete. Such trays are installed in close proximity to transport routes. This set of rules and requirements describes the standards for the protection, labeling and transportation of products, and also proposes their classification.
In addition, this GOST prescribes the requirements for gratings, embedded assortment, including built-in, solid and prefabricated structures.
The requirements of the standard under consideration also apply to those parts of storm drainage and sand collection tanks that are structural parts of linear drainage structures. The use of drainage trays at landscaping sites remote from road junctions is considered acceptable.

Terminology and basic concepts

The standard in question includes the following wording:

Storm drain well. The depth characteristics of such a container may vary depending on the intended conditions of use. Such a well is connected to storm drain systems.
Well for catching sand. This container is used to collect sand, soil elements and other solid residues. A sand catcher is made from several parts, hermetically mounted into a single structure. Often there are sand catchers consisting of one part.
Garbage bin. Removable element related to the drainage tray and sand collection pit. It is into this basket that the solid residues pass through the wells. To remove residues, the basket is removed and cleaned.
Nominal tray width. Clear width of the tray - design parameter, corresponding to the maximum integer overall size tray horizontally in millimeters.
Tray support surface. A reinforcing nozzle, additional parts, and, in some cases, a water intake grille are installed on it.
Reinforcing nozzle. A separate structural element necessary to protect open elements from damage when interacting with vehicles.
Contact surface. Top part reinforcing lining.

Typical designs of reinforcing pads

Damping pad. It is made of flexible material, placed on the contact surface, and serves to achieve a stable position of the grid in the tray.
Grill seating depth. The size at which the grille is positioned correctly.

Clearance area of the tray. The area of the free surface located between the supporting walls or edges of the slots (the area of the top surface of the box tray body or the area of the slot in the slot tray).

Clearance area = CO L, L=L+L+L+L

Clearance width. This parameter indicates the distance between each of the support walls of the tray.
The total area of the gaps in the body of the slot tray or in the grid. This parameter includes the total area of all the cracks and holes in the gratings. Depending on the actual need, the indicator can be measured in millimeters or centimeters.
The size of the ledge in the bottom of adjacent trays. Difference in vertical marks of the bottom of joined trays.

Test load. It is measured in kilonewtons and must be attached to the tray or grid after testing the part under load.
Maximum load. It is also measured in kilonewtons, but unlike the previous parameter it indicates the load that will lead to the destruction of the part.
Polymer concrete. To obtain this material at industrial conditions polymer binders and fillers are mixed.
Polymer substances. Inorganic and organic, amorphous, as well as crystalline substances, which consist of monomer units synchronized into long macromolecules by chemical or coordination bonds.

The main indicators that evaluate the quality of trays and gratings, as well as the raw materials from which they are made, are as follows:

Visual condition and surface structure of parts.
Overall strength and crack resistance.
Indicators of strength during compression.
Strength indicators of the material in tension during bending.
The volume of oxygen involved in the concrete mixture.
Resistance of the product to the destructive effects of low temperatures.
Degree of waterproofness.
Degree of water absorption.
Abrasion indicators.
Thickness of the layer of material above the reinforcement.

Appearance and optimal surface structure

For trays made of concrete and its derivatives, the front structure must meet the requirements no less than those put forward in category A6. External surfaces must comply with category A7 standards or standards that are relevant in the country of origin.

Strength and crack resistance

Trays must necessarily comply with the requirements of GOST, and those varieties that are made of reinforced concrete must meet the requirements for resistance to cracking. During testing, the product must withstand the loads stated in the current standard.

The opening width of cracks when testing for resistance to cracking on the outer walls of trays, storm drains and sand collection tanks cast from reinforced concrete should not be higher than 0.2 mm.

A product on the surface of which even minor cracks appeared during strength tests is not considered suitable for use. The gratings must withstand test loads during strength tests.

Frost resistance of construction materials

The resistance to low temperatures of the concrete of trays, storm drains and sand-collection wells, as well as the lining of trays must be at least grade F200 when tested by the second basic method. The resistance to low temperatures of polymer concrete trays cannot be lower than grade F200 when tested using the basic method No.2.

Thickness of the protective layer above the reinforcement

In cases where we are talking about curb and slot trays, the minimum thickness of the concrete protective layer cannot be lower than 30 mm.

Brand of cast iron grates

The gratings are made from cast iron of a grade not lower than SCh 20 according to GOST 1412, GOST 7293.

Concrete drainage trays with grating.

In cases where land plot does not have natural conditions for drainage of precipitation, or vice versa, the area needs to be moistened, and there is a need to use additional systems. The optimal solution is to arrange drainage sewer, equipped with trays made of concrete.

What are concrete gutters used for?

Pipelines assembled from PVC parts have long been deservedly popular, but their use is not always effective. In cases where the use PVC pipes impossible, an excellent solution to their situation is the use of concrete drains.

Concrete road trays- the most popular main guides, which are widely used for arranging drainage channels from the territory of the site or vice versa, to the site. The use of such wastewater in a single complex with drainage type wells and other auxiliary equipment, such elements constitute a complete drainage sewer system.

If we compare concrete trays with analogues made of other materials (plastic, metal), the former have the following advantages:

Concrete products do not suffer from corrosion.
If liquid freezes in a concrete gutter, it will not cause any damage.
The guaranteed service life of such structures is at least 50 years.
The unconditional availability of such products is another important advantage.

Varieties and features.

It is incorrect to assume that such trays consist of 100% concrete, since metal reinforcement is a prerequisite to increase strength indicators. From a technical point of view, such trays are a simple and reliable design, the basis of which is an open pipe. Today, the most popular types of trays are:

Groundbaits. Since such channels have a small diameter, they are used to drain small volumes of water. In most cases, they are used to drain roads, highways or create a perimeter drainage system around a house.

Garage type. They differ in their minimum height (usually no more than 100 mm), which leads to their use in areas where there is no need to drain large volumes of water. The main advantage of such structures is that their internal structure is smooth, which allows them not to become clogged when draining water with solid debris (sand, stones, dirt).

Cottage. Their height usually reaches 150 mm, which provides greater efficiency compared to garage models.

The road system is used when average water volumes are stable. Its minimum depth is 190 mm, and its width is 160. The main advantage is that during the active phase of operation, such a drainage structure bends at one point, but not over the entire segment. This allows you not to lose the coefficient useful action systems, including in extreme conditions: during spring floods, heavy rains or rising water levels in a given area.
And finally, the system with the largest cross-section is channel-type trays. Often such structures are called intersleeper structures, since they are equipped with those sections of the railway track that suffer more than others from excess moisture. The depth of such structures varies significantly in the range from 300 to 600 mm, while the width is always 300 mm. A curious feature of this system is that it does not require coating at all.

Telescopic trays. Telescopic systems differ from the varieties described above by significant diversity in the context of one direction. The use of such systems is most relevant in areas located on a slope.

How to make a tray? Step-by-step instruction.

If you decide to make a drainage tray with your own hands, then you should act in the context of the following diagram:

You should start by preparing the molds for pouring. Contrary to popular belief, they can be not only metal, but also polymer. It is extremely important to carefully process the inner walls of the mold machine oil. After lubricating the mold, it is necessary to secure the reinforcement in it;
The parts of the reinforcement should be fastened not only relative to the shape, but also relative to each other. As a rule, this stage of work is carried out using gas or electric welding.
The molds should be fixed before pouring begins; even slight movement of the selected containers is considered unacceptable and may not have the best effect on the quality of the finished product.
After a week, you need to carefully remove the formed channel from the pipe; if necessary, you need to cover it with a layer of paint or any anti-corrosion compound that is not rough after drying. This will help improve the efficiency of the sewer system due to the smooth internal structure.

This video shows an artisanal manufacturing method.

Even with total adherence to the described technology, the service life of a tray made at home may differ significantly from the period of operation of a factory product, which in itself is logical. However, if you follow the described scheme, the tray you make will not be inferior to the one that was made in the factory in terms of efficiency during operation.

Let's see how to make a U-shaped block for water drainage

Roads for cars and auxiliary units on their territory seriously suffer from the destructive effects of precipitation and other atmospheric factors. Precipitation in the form of rain seriously changes the mode of operation of roads, so its effective and timely drainage plays a fundamental role.

The maximum harm to the stability of the structure is caused by the so-called. free water. The operation process is accompanied by significant fatigue of road surfaces, destruction of expansion joints, and the appearance of cracks. In order to delay this process as much as possible, drainage structures are used.

How are drainage trays installed? Installation process from A to Z.

Video about installing concrete trays on the highway

The optimal installation option for trays is determined by the expected operating conditions. Wherein classic version installation looks like this:

1. At the first stage, trenches are dug. Their size should provide space not only for trays, but also for subsequent pouring of concrete on both sides.
2. The bottom of the trench is strengthened with a mixture of sand and crushed stone.
3. On top sand cushion raw concrete is poured.
4. Containers are placed on top of the concrete and immediately filled with concrete on the left and right for additional fixation.
5. The trays are fixed into a single structure using grooves.

Procedure for drainage from dividing strips

The drainage of surface water from highway strips, testing sites and embankments exposed to groundwater is characterized by a list of individual characteristics. Most often, they are caused by strictly individual contours of runoff directions in the plan, the presence of looped runoff areas and ramps with large-scale multidirectional slopes, proximity and interaction with the city territory, etc.

The branches of transport arteries require the most efficient drainage of water and its redirection beyond the road surface. Drainage systems must provide a stable, unimpeded flow of liquid, directing it along a longitudinal slope in the required direction. If the exit ramps of highway interchanges cross embankments, then special throughput pipes are used for drainage.

At this point in time, when arranging drainage from road sections and bridges, the following schemes are especially popular:

1. Scheme No. 1 is used to service sections of highways, the total number of lanes on which does not exceed six. In the context of this surface drainage option, flows move parallel to sidewalks and are discharged into slope-type containers, or less often into closed-type sewers.

2. The second scheme, widely used on large bridges and overpasses with a significant width of the deck, involves a water drainage system using transverse outlets through special channels and blocks on the sidewalks under the bridge or overpass, and in some cases through water storage tanks with further transportation to the drainage network .

It is important to understand that the water drainage system is selected and assigned in each individual case individually, taking into account the specifics that are observed in a given area.

If railway or car roads intersect, there is an urgent need to discharge water into the sewer system in order to avoid pollution of transport routes. In areas where flooding is common, it is very important to ensure that the bridge cones are as stable as possible. As a rule, cement or reinforced concrete is used to strengthen them.

Table 1 - Tray classes

In the Moscow region, asphalt concrete is widely used as a reinforcing material. This type of construction is distinguished by excellent waterproofing qualities and in this sense is significantly superior to structures made from concrete slabs.

In addition to those methods of strengthening, which have already been discussed above, gutters, long-length trays and frame trays are widely used. In the vast majority of situations, they turn out to be prefabricated and are produced only in factory conditions. A special need for the use of such trays arises in cases where the soil in the area where the object is being constructed is saturated with liquid and is not stable. It is important to note that such elements are used only for drainage and are not allowed to be used for strengthening.

Surface runoff, which plays a significant role in the formation and replenishment of rain flow, is characterized by minimal single- and double-slope slopes that do not have a channel. Contrary to popular belief, their origin can be not only artificial, but also natural. The water absorption coefficient is determined by the type of existing pavement, roadside reinforcements, dividing strips and soil types on the natural slopes of the adjacent territory. Speaking about artificial coatings, it is worth saying that in the vast majority of cases their shape turns out to be rectangular, which in itself is quite logical.

Table 2 - Geometric dimensions of trays and maximum deviations

In millimeters


Name of internal size	Maximum deviation
	External tray height up to 500 incl.	External height of the tray St. 500

up to 1000 incl.
over 1000 to 4000 incl.


up to 500 incl.

Height (diameter):
up to 200 incl.

In addition to hydraulic structures, there are agrotechnical and forest reclamation facilities on the territory of the Russian Federation, however, each of them has significant drawbacks. The former are effective only on those slopes whose steepness does not exceed 4 degrees, while the latter become effective no less than 12 years after installation.

Discharge of liquid sediments and groundwater through the upper points of ravines using rapid flows and cantilever-type spillways. The adjustment is carried out using earthen ramparts; specially equipped channels are used to drain water from retention structures.

In the process of fixing ravines, as well as during forced intersections of ravines and transport highways, it is necessary to equip bottom facilities to combat erosion. To prevent erosion, dams and dams in general, these structures justify themselves by demonstrating high efficiency throughout their entire service life.

Reinforced concrete trays: what do they look like and what are such devices?

Tray - device open type, differing in cross section. Such designs are used for non-pressure drainage of water and slurry. Trays are made from wood, reinforced concrete, metal, and a large number of other materials. The cross section of such structures can be:

If we classify such structures by area of application, they can be:

Trays for heating mains. Made from reinforced concrete.
Trays for channel equipment.
Plates for laying on the bottom of channels.
Plates for covering channels.

Their main purpose is to protect cables and pipes and drain water. Contrary to popular belief, without the use of such structures it is impossible not only to construct transport highways, but also terraces, garage and parking complexes, high-rise buildings of other objects. The main and main advantages are the rational use of the building area (roof and premises on the ground), a real prospect of reducing costs.

From a financial point of view, the use of trays is completely justified, since when installing structures of a different type, but with similar purposes, trays turn out to be much more reliable and cheaper.
Reinforced concrete structures, based on technical purposes, types of assembly and installation order can be:

Drainage type.
For the construction of highways.
Drainage type.
For maintenance of heating mains.
Channels are not pass-through type.
Inter-track, inter-sleeper, for the needs of railway facilities.
For laying cables.

If we are talking about pipeline trays, then they are actively used for installing communications laid underground. Most in demand in the housing and communal services sector. Drainage trays are used in the construction of hydraulic structures, which are intended to be used for the effective drainage of groundwater and precipitation.

They are actively used to ensure the full operation of runways, highways, and railway tracks.

But drainage reinforced concrete products are actively used as the main element of foundry drainage and drainage structures. These systems are quite versatile and are widely used for landscaping both large-scale industrial facilities and private areas.
Reinforced concrete cable trays, as their name suggests, are used for laying power lines.

The generally accepted designation for this type of tray is UBK, their main purpose is to protect elements electrical systems from mechanical damage in case of possible contact with moisture and soil. Inter-track and inter-sleeper trays are used to effectively drain water from the railway track.
The main advantages of pipelines assembled using such trays traditionally and quite rightly include:

Impeccable reliability throughout the entire service life.
Extreme simplicity and, as a result, low installation costs.
Convenience of scheduled maintenance.

It is these factors that made the products in question irreplaceable.

Sections