How to create a rainbow at home. Paper rainbow: three-dimensional craft step by step

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TOI came from a good fairy tale,
and got a little naughty?
Who mixed the colors in the sky,
and spilled it on the rainbow?
And now she's colored
Smiles from heaven
Calling passersby
Very strong interest!

Since childhood, each of us has been fascinated by such a wonderful natural phenomenon as a rainbow. Where does it come from? Can it be made at home? To answer these and other questions, we conducted a study, the goal of which was to make a rainbow at home.

Tasks, which we have set for ourselves:
Find out what a rainbow is and how it appears.
Learn about the myths and legends associated with rainbows.
Make a rainbow at home using scrap materials.

We suggested that a rainbow can be made at home and even without using water.

During the study, we analyzed literature and Internet sources on the topic, used our observations, and conducted a number of experiments.

Myths and legends about the rainbow
Rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. A multi-colored arc that appears in the sky after rain on a sunny day attracts the attention of not only children, but also adults. Rainbows can be seen in the paintings of great artists. Rainbows are mentioned in poems and fairy tales. There are many myths associated with the appearance of a rainbow in the sky.
The ancient Greeks believed that the messenger of the gods, Iris, descended to people along a rainbow from heaven to earth. Iris was represented as a charming girl - beautiful and light, with two majestic rainbow wings behind her back. Having spread her wings wide, she is ready at any moment to take off and rush through the sky with the speed of a swallow, and the road along which she runs is a rainbow. Iris carried out the orders of Zeus and Hera and was considered a mediator between the gods and people.
The ancient Chinese thought that the rainbow was a heavenly dragon, which meant the unity of Heaven and Earth.
In Slavic myths and legends, the rainbow was considered a magical heavenly bridge from heaven to earth, a road along which angels descend from heaven to collect water from rivers. They pour this water into the clouds, and from there it pours out as life-giving rain.
However, not everyone believed that the appearance of a rainbow was good. Among some peoples, rainbows were considered a bad sign. The appearance of a rainbow meant someone's imminent demise. Along the rainbow, the souls of dead people move to the kingdom of the dead.

Folk signs

There are many folk signs associated with the rainbow:

A low and flat rainbow means bad weather, and a high and steep rainbow means a clear day.
If the spectrum of the rainbow is dominated by red, then you need to wait for a strong wind.
A low rainbow, the edges of which rest on bodies of water, portends bad weather.
A bright rainbow - wait for bad weather.
If there is more green color - there will be rain, yellow - good weather, red - wind and drought.
A morning rainbow promises a cloudy day, and an evening rainbow promises a fine day. Rainbows are rare in winter and signal impending frost or snow.
If a colored arc appears in the east, then expect good weather; if in the west, then expect rain.
A rainbow along the river means heavy rain, and across it means clear weather.
The rainbow is visible for a long time - there will be bad weather for several days.
If a rainbow appears in the direction from which the wind is blowing, it will be a rainy day, if in the opposite direction, it will be a clear day.
The rainbow is located from south to north - expect heavy rain, from west to east - sun.
The appearance of a rainbow on Saturday promises a rainy next week.

How does a rainbow appear and why is it colorful?
Rainbows appear as a result of the interaction of light and water. When it rains, a huge number of water drops float in the air. Each drop acts as a tiny prism. The sun's rays, passing through raindrops, are refracted and break up into a spectrum that we call a rainbow.
There are seven colors in the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
These colors in the rainbow were first proposed by the great English scientist Isaac Newton. At first he identified 5 colors, but then he thought and decided that there would be 7 colors, like 7 notes. In fact, the color spectrum is continuous, its colors smoothly transition into each other through many shades.
Prove that the colors of the spectrum add up and form White light You can use a regular computer disk, onto which you paste strips of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, purple paper in a circle (in sectors), insert a pencil into the hole of the disk and spin the disk. As the rotation speed increases, the disk begins to appear white, or more accurately, greyish-white.
The brightness of the colors and the width of the rainbow depend on the size of the raindrops. The larger the drops, the narrower the brighter than the rainbow, there is more red in it rich color. If there is light rain, the rainbow turns out to be wide, but with faded orange and yellow edges.

Did you know that rainbows can happen even without rain?
Indeed, rainbows can be seen near lakes, waterfalls, and large rivers, where the rays of the sun are reflected from the water surface. You can also see a rainbow on a sunny, clear day near fountains, as well as when watering flowers in the garden with a hose (if you hold the hole of the hose with your fingers, creating a mist of water, and point the hose towards the sun).

Practical part (experiments)
Rainbow is a miracle of nature. Is it possible to create this miracle yourself, at home? I decided to try this and conducted several experiments. To make the rainbow bright, I carried out all the experiments in a dark room, using only light from table lamp. Here's what I got.

Experiment No. 1
When conducting the experiment, I used: a glass prism, a modeling board, a piece of plasticine, and a table lamp. Using plasticine, I attached the prism to the modeling board and directed a beam of light from the table lamp onto the prism.
Slightly changing the angle of the board, on the white wall opposite the ray of light, I saw this rainbow.

Experiment No. 2
I used: rectangular tray, plain water, mirror, table lamp. I poured some water into the tray and lowered the mirror into it at a slight angle. The beam of light from the lamp was directed onto the part of the mirror immersed in water.
By adjusting the tilt of the mirror, I got this rainbow on the ceiling.

Experiment No. 3
I used: a computer disk, a table lamp. I directed a beam of light from a table lamp onto a computer disk and reflected this beam onto the ceiling, on which I got such a beautiful rainbow!

Experiment No. 4
I used: a tray, a large plastic bubble ring, soapy water. I placed a plastic ring in a tray of soapy water, then carefully took it out - a film had formed inside the ring. Turning the ring towards the light, I saw these rainbow stripes on the film.

Experiment No. 5
I poured some water into a transparent glass glass and placed it on the table. Looking at the glass of water from the side (the glass should be at face level), I saw a barely noticeable rainbow above the surface of the water. I decided to shine a beam of light from a flashlight onto a glass of water, the rainbow became clearer and brighter.

The experiments have proven that it is very easy to make a rainbow yourself at home, using a beam of light from an ordinary table lamp or flashlight instead of sunlight.
In the course of research and experimentation, I decided to try to make a “Rainbow Box” from computer disks, which could be used to decorate rooms during home parties or classroom discos. My dad helped me make the rainbow box. We found several old computer disks at home and carefully covered a small area with them on all sides. cardboard box. They made a hole in one of the corners, threaded a ribbon through it and hung the “Rainbow Box” from the ceiling.

By shining a flashlight on the box, we created a beautiful rainbow lighting in the room, which delighted all my friends and helped make my house party more fun and modern!

Antipenko Sergey

Purpose of the study: to determine what the connection is between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

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RESEARCH WORK “HOW TO CREATE HAPPINESS AT HOME?”

Purpose of the study: to determine what connection exists between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home. Object of study: natural phenomenon R A D U G A. Subject of study: origin of the rainbow. Research problem: how to create a rainbow at home; how a rainbow appears and why it is multi-colored; how to create white from colored components.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES How does a rainbow appear? When does a rainbow appear? Is it possible to get a rainbow at home? How to get white from colored components?

HYPOTHESES Suppose that a rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through raindrops. Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

BASIC METHODS Studying literature. Observation. Experiment.

“Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting.” “How once Jean the bell-ringer knocked down a lantern with his head.”

Every schoolchild can repeat Newton's experiment. I repeated this experiment, but with an artificial light source. We observed the decomposition of light into a spectrum when passing through a prism at home, using a prism and a projector. To do this, we “caught” a white beam with a prism and got an image of a rainbow on the wall. The light, which seemed white, played on the wall with all the colors of the rainbow. This is how we penetrated the mystery of the ray, which the famous English scientist penetrated more than 300 years ago.

HOW DOES R A D U G APPEAR? When it rains, there is a huge amount of water droplets in the air. Each droplet plays the role of a tiny prism, and since there are so many of them, the rainbow turns out to be half the sky. This is who turns out to be building multi-colored gates in the sky quickly and beautifully! Ray of sun and raindrops. All the rainbows are sunlight, which passes through raindrops, as if through prisms, is refracted and reflected on the opposite side of the sky.

WHEN DOES THE RAD UG APPEAR? A rainbow appears only when the sun peeks out from behind the clouds and only in the direction opposite to the sun. A rainbow occurs when the sun illuminates a curtain of rain. Rainbows can only be observed early in the morning or late in the evening.

DOES IT HAPPEN WITHOUT RAIN? Such a miracle also happens.

EXPERIENCE “CREATION OF RAINBOW AT HOME” To make sure that white color consists of seven colors and a rainbow can be obtained artificially, we conducted an experiment. We needed: a flashlight, a water container, a flat mirror, white cardboard and water. Progress of the experiment: Filled the tray with water. Placed a mirror with an angle. We directed the light of a flashlight onto the part of the mirror immersed in water. To catch the reflected (or refracted) rays, they placed cardboard in front of the mirror.

AS A RESULT, A REFLECTION OF ALL THE COLORS OF THE RAINBOW APPEARED ON THE CARDBOARD, WE WERE ABLE TO GET THE RAINBOW IN “HOME” CONDITIONS. Conclusion: a beam of light reflected by a mirror at the exit from the water is refracted. The colors that make up white have different angles of refraction, so they fall at different points and become visible.

EXPERIENCE “HOW TO OBTAIN WHITE COLOR FROM COLOR COMPONENTS?” Just like we decomposed the white color into its components, you can get back the white color from the colored components. If seven colored light sources are placed on one side of the prism at appropriate angles, we will get a beam at the exit white.

It is difficult to do such an experiment on your own, but there is another way. If you take a white circle and paint it in the seven colors of the rainbow, and then put this circle on an axis. And start rotating it quickly, in place of the colored circle, we will see white. This occurs due to the inertia of human vision. The eye cannot see each color separately on a rapidly rotating circle, and for it they all merge into one white color.

CONCLUSION As a result of the work done, we were convinced that the prism can turn a white beam into a seven-color, rainbow one. They found out that raindrops and ice crystals can divide the white color into seven colors, so you can see rainbows in autumn, summer, spring, and winter. But there are conditions under which such an amazing natural phenomenon can be seen. We got acquainted with ways to obtain a rainbow at home, creating white from colored components.

LITERATURE 1. Belkin I.K. What is a rainbow? – “Quantum” 1984 2. Bulat V. L. Optical phenomena in nature. M.: Education, 1974. 3. Geguzin Y. E. “Who creates the rainbow?” – Quantum 1988 4. Mayer V.V., Mayer R.V. “Artificial rainbow” - Quantum 1988. 5. “I explore the world.” Children's encyclopedia. Physics O.G. Hinn - M, LLC 6. Bragin A. About everything in the world. Series: Great Children's Encyclopedia. Publisher: Ast, 2007. 7. Children's encyclopedia "I KNOW THE WORLD". AST - LTD" 1998

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Hello! I, Antipenko Sergey, student of grade 1 “b” of school No. 19

G. Izobilny. And this is my supervisor, Marina Nikolaevna Meshalkina.

Let me introduce my research work“How to create a rainbow at home?”

Every person at least once in his life admired a natural miracle - a rainbow. Many people have probably noticed that rainbows usually appear after rain. I have seen a rainbow many times, and this phenomenon always delighted me. Last summer my parents and I walked around the city. The weather was sunny, but suddenly it started raining: warm, lightly drizzling. It stopped as quickly as it started, and literally immediately we all saw a rainbow in the sky. I wanted to know what a rainbow is and how it appears.

Purpose of the study: to determine what the connection is between rain, sun and the appearance of a rainbow, and whether it is possible to get a rainbow at home.

The object of study is the natural phenomenon of the rainbow.

The subject of the study is the origin of the rainbow.

Research problem:

how to create a rainbow at home;
how a rainbow appears and why it is multi-colored;
how to create white from colored components.

Research objectives:

How does a rainbow appear?
When does a rainbow appear?
Is it possible to get a rainbow at home?
How to get white from colored components?

Hypotheses put forward:

Suppose a rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through the raindrops.
Suppose that a rainbow can be obtained by replacing the sun's rays with an artificial light source.

Basic methods: literature study, observation, experiment.

There is probably no person who does not admire the rainbow. This magnificent colorful phenomenon in the sky has long attracted everyone's attention.We all know the saying from childhood: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits,” there is also a less popular version: “How once Jean the bell-ringer knocked down a lantern with his head.” Using the initial letters of these sayings, we remember the names and sequence of colors of such an unusual and beautiful natural phenomenon as a rainbow.

Why does she appear so beautiful, and even color painting in the air? We looked for an answer to this question in additional literature. Here's what we learned.

Sunlight or an ordinary beam of white light is actually a combination of all colors. When a beam of light moves through air, almost nothing happens to it, but if a transparent substance noticeably different in density from air gets in its way, interesting things begin to happen to the light. When light hits the boundary of such a substance, it is deflected, but the most important thing is that each of its components deflects differently.

Isaac Newton proved that ordinary white color is a mixture of rays different color. “I darkened my room,” he wrote, “and made a very small hole in the shutter to let in the sunlight.” In the path of the sun's ray, the scientist placed a special triangular piece of glass - a prism. On the opposite wall he saw a multi-colored strip - a spectrum. Newton explained this by saying that the prism decomposed the white color into its component colors. Newton was the first to realize that the sun's rays are multicolored.

To do this, we “caught” a white beam with a prism and got an image of a rainbow on the wall. The light, which seemed white, played on the wall with all the colors of the rainbow (these multi-colored, bright stripes are called the solar spectrum). This is how we penetrated the secret of the ray, which the famous English scientist penetrated 300 years ago.

We looked at white objects through a prism, they looked colorful, rainbow-colored. Rainbow is the most famous, well-known spectrum.

So, for a rainbow to appear, a ray of sunlight must fly through a prism? But there are no prisms in the sky! How then does a rainbow appear?

2.2. How does a rainbow appear?

There is nothing strange here. A rainbow is simple, it is the sun's rays refracting in raindrops. When it rains, there is a huge amount of water droplets in the air. Each droplet plays the role of a tiny prism, and since there are so many of them, the rainbow turns out to be half the sky. This is who turns out to be building multi-colored gates in the sky quickly and beautifully! Ray of sun and raindrops. All rainbows are sunlight that passes through raindrops, as if through prisms, is refracted and reflected on the opposite side of the sky. The outer edge of the arc is usually red, and the inner edge is purple. There are seven colors in the solar spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

Conclusion: A rainbow appears in sunny weather during rain, when the sun's rays pass through raindrops.

2.3. When the rainbow appears

Then the question arises: why don’t we always see a rainbow when it’s raining or sunny?

A rainbow appears only when the sun peeks out from behind the clouds and only in the direction opposite to the sun.
A rainbow occurs when the sun illuminates a curtain of rain.

You need to be strictly between the sun (it should be behind you) and the rain (it should be in front of you). Otherwise you won't be able to see the rainbow! The sun, our eyes and the center of the rainbow should be on the same line! If the sun is high in the sky, then it is impossible to draw such a straight line. This is why rainbows can only be seen early in the morning or late afternoon. A rainbow appears provided that the angular height of the sun above the horizon does not exceed 42 degrees.

Can there be a rainbow without rain?

It turns out that such a miracle also happens. In winter, ice crystals “float” in the air. They can also divide white into the seven colors of the rainbow, so rainbows can be seen even in winter. The air, although it seems absolutely transparent, actually also decomposes light into its component colors. Noticeable - this happens at sunrise or sunset. Passing through the thickness of the earth's atmosphere, its rays bend a little, and as we remember, the red color bends weaker than others. It is for this reason that the sun, being close to the horizon, acquires a red tint. Rays of a different color bow out more strongly and no longer reach us.

Experience “Creating a rainbow at home”

To make sure that the white color consists of seven colors and the rainbow can be obtained artificially, we carried out experience.

We needed a flashlight, a water container, a flat mirror, white cardboard and water. Progress of the experiment:

Filled the tray with water
They installed a tilting mirror.
We directed the light of a flashlight onto the part of the mirror immersed in water.
To catch the reflected (or refracted) rays, they placed cardboard in front of the mirror.

As a result, a reflection of all the colors of the rainbow appeared on the cardboard; we were able to get a rainbow in “home” conditions.

Conclusion: a beam of light reflected by a mirror at the exit from the water is refracted. The colors that make up white have different angles of refraction, so they fall at different points and become visible.

Experiment “How to get white from colored components?”

Just like we decomposed the white color into its components, you can get back the white color from the colored components. If seven colored light sources are placed on one side of the prism at appropriate angles, we will get a white beam at the exit from it.

4.CONCLUSION

As a result of the work done, we convinced that the prism can turn a white beam into a seven-color, rainbow one. Found out that raindrops and ice crystals can divide white into seven colors, so you can see a rainbow in autumn, summer, spring, and winter. But there are conditions under which such an amazing natural phenomenon can be seen. We met with methods for producing a rainbow at home, creating white from colored components.

In conclusion, I would like to thank my supervisor, Marina Nikolaevna Meshalkina, for the assistance provided to me during my work.

Thank you for your attention!

Double-sided craft "Rainbow" for children from 4 years old. Step-by-step master class with photo.

Nadezhda Viktorovna Vinogradova, teacher at GBDOU d/s No. 14, St. Petersburg.
Description: This master class is designed for children from 4 years old (provided that the paper strips are prepared by adults), educators, teachers primary school, teachers additional education, parents.
Target: making crafts using cotton pads.
Tasks: consolidate knowledge about the primary colors and their sequence in the rainbow; develop aesthetic feelings, a sense of composition, accuracy, fine motor skills, and practice working with cotton pads and glue.
Purpose: interior decoration, experiments with wind (wind direction and strength), breathing exercises (exhalation force).

The summer rain has passed since the morning,
The sun came out.
The child was surprised
Looking out the window, -
Seven-color arc
Covered up by the clouds! (Rainbow)
Such a remarkable natural phenomenon as a rainbow could not go unnoticed: in folk art, many riddles, proverbs, sayings and signs are dedicated to the rainbow, many poems were written under the impression of this phenomenon.
RAINBOW
Multi-colored ribbons
They hover above the ground,
Amazed people
They look to the heavens.
The rainbow spread
Smooth semicircle
Festive halo
It suddenly opened.

Multi-colored miracle
Mystery of the Earth,
Unanswerable miracle
In the dust of the sun.
A splash of fabulous sparkles,
Washed by the rain.
Rainbow over the cloud
The flower bed took off.
Rainbow washed
Seen in the distance.
Marvelous rocker
On the shoulders of the Earth.
(Iraida Mordovina)
The order of colors is determined by the first letters: K - red, O - orange, etc.
Every
Hunter
wishes
Know
Where
Is sitting
Pheasant!
And we can make a rainbow that will not disappear and will delight us even on a rainy or snowy day!
Materials: small sheet of cardboard (any color, I have white), double-sided colored paper, pencil, ruler, scissors, PVA glue, cotton pads, white thread.

Progress:

Cut 2 cm wide strips of double-sided colored paper in the colors found in the rainbow

From white cardboard cut a strip of 16x4 cm, draw a line along the middle with a pencil dividing this strip in half, separate 1 cm from each edge. Apply glue to the area as shown in the photo:

Starting from the red stripe, focusing on the drawn line, stick the colored stripes in a rainbow sequence:

Now we glue the cotton pads:

I have 4 pieces arranged very well:

To make the cloud bigger, we’ll make a second row of disks, but one less:

Done. We turn our craft over and glue a loop of thread:

We also cover the cardboard strip with cotton pads:

Our craft is ready! You can hang it on the wall and admire it on a rainy day, you can decorate a window, and the breeze that comes through the window will play with colored stripes, you can take it with you outside and determine the strength and direction of the wind, you can blow on the stripes yourself one by one.
This is how my four-year-old students completed this task:

Oksana Shmakova

Construction from colored paper"RAINBOW"

Mystery: "Multicolored the miracle bridge grew into the ground for a minute.”

For work we need:

Leaf dense paper or green cardboard colors. Format – A-5;

- colored paper(preferably double-sided);

Glue, scissors, pencil, ruler.

1. From blue cut out paper"trickle" and stick it across the green leaf.

2. Along "stream" draw two lines - we will stick along them rainbow stripes.

3. From colored paper cut out 7 long strips no more than 1cm wide.

4. Glue the strips one by one, guided by the pencil lines. Let me remind you of the order colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.

5. Outside rainbow“We wrap ourselves in cotton clouds”.

6. To complete the work, you can float on water paper boat.

Happy creativity!

Publications on the topic:

Probably many people would like to receive a bouquet of wonderful flowers as a gift. And we will be able to please our family and friends by making for.

I would like to present to you a master class on making a flower from colored paper, which you can do with your preparatory children.

Spring has come and nature comes alive around us us, in that including insects: the children and I decided to make caterpillars - beautiful, bright and unusual.

Probably every woman is looking forward to the approach of one of the most wonderful and tender holidays - March 8th. Ladies will appreciate the attention.

There are a huge number of applique options: overhead appliques, modular appliques, cereal appliques, sand appliques.

Master Class. "Penguin". Application made of colored paper. In the afternoon, the boys and I learned the physical education lesson “Funny Penguins.”

Master class in the senior group “Volume butterflies made of colored paper and flowers made of crepe paper.” Municipal Preschool Educational State-financed organization kindergarten No. 20 “Birch” x. Kirov Municipal Formation of Novokubansky.

You don't have to wait until the storm passes to see a rainbow. We'll tell you how to do it at home. Children will definitely like this one. In addition, using his example, you can clearly explain to your child how a rainbow appears in the sky.

Cool days - best time to spend time with your child. Children really like various experiments, and with their help it is very easy to explain physical, chemical and natural phenomena. We offer, with the help of which everyone can clearly learn the principle of the formation of a rainbow.

Children love to draw a rainbow and depict it with the brightest colors. When the sun comes out during rain, the sunlight is refracted in water droplets and “breaks up” into several colors. Everyone knows that there are seven colors of the rainbow and they are arranged in strict sequence: red — orange — yellow — green — blue — blue — violet .

But to see all the colors of the rainbow, you shouldn’t look out the rain outside the window. You can make a rainbow with your own hands at home. How? Now we will tell you everything.

To make your own rainbow, you will need:

Small vessel (saucepan)
Solar light or electric
White surface or sheet of paper
Mirror

How to make a rainbow with your own hands

1. Fill a small bowl halfway with water.

2. Place a mirror in the water at an angle.

3. Direct the light from the flashlight into the water where the mirror goes under it (or, if you prefer to do the experiment with daylight, take the vessel outside and place it so that the rays hit the mirror under the water).

4. Hold it above the mirror White list paper, adjusting the angle so that a rainbow appears.

How a rainbow is formed: the principle of refraction

Of course, your mini-rainbow is different from the one that appears in the sky after rain, but they have the same basic color characteristics. Why? Your demo version of the rainbow and the original work on the same principle: refraction and reflection.

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through different environment, for example glass or water. Refraction can even cause clock hands to move in reverse side when viewed through a glass of water.

When you shine a light beam from a flashlight (or white light coming from the sun) into water, the light bends. But white light is not made up of just one color - it is a combination of all visible colors. Therefore, when white light is bent, all of its components (red, orange, yellow, green, blue and indigo) are also bent. Each of these colors does this under different angles because each color moves at a different speed inside the water or glass.

When you reflect light from water using a mirror, you are reflecting white light that is broken down (by refraction) into a full spectrum of colors. This is how a rainbow appears!

The appearance of a rainbow after the rain

When a rainbow forms in the sky, the same principle applies. Millions of small drops of water refract sunlight. The angle at which we view these drops of water determines what color we see in them.

Experiment with your child and see where else you can see all the colors of the rainbow. Maybe in a drop of water in the garden or on a CD? Explanation natural phenomena on specific examples will help the child better assimilate scientific information that is still difficult for him.

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