How islands are formed. Mainland island: examples, occurrence
In the boundless spaces of the World Ocean, except continents, there are many islands.
Mainland - a huge piece of land that is surrounded on all or almost all sides by seas or oceans.
Islands - comparatively small areas land surrounded on all sides by water.
If the islands are located not far from each other, then such a group is called archipelago. The largest island Greenland, the area is 3.5 times larger than the territory of Ukraine. According to the origin of the islands there are: mainland, volcanic And coral.
Mainland- these are parts of the continent that separated due to movement earth's crust. They are located mainly on the continental shelf. For example, Madagascar island.
Volcanic- formed during volcanic eruptions at the bottom of seas and oceans. They are small in size, located in groups, and stand out in the relief as raised volcanic cones. These include Hawaiian, Kuril and other islands. Material from the site
Coral Islands consist of calcareous skeletons of coral polyps - small animals that live in tropical waters. Such islands are formed in shallow water (up to 50 m) between 30° N. w. and 30° S. w., i.e. where polyps can develop. The most significant coral structure in the world is Great Barrier Reef off the eastern coast of Australia. A coral island that has the shape of a continuous or broken ring is called atoll.
Peninsula- a piece of land connected to the mainland and surrounded on three sides by water. The largest peninsula in the world Arabian. Its area is almost five times larger than the territory of Ukraine. The largest peninsula of Ukraine is Crimean.
On this page there is material on the following topics:
Continents of caral origin
Mainland islands examples list
Write 5 continental volcanic and coral rivers
How to distinguish mainland volcanic coral islands
Mainland Islands Report
Questions about this material:
MAINLAND ISLANDS
MAINLAND ISLANDS
Areas of land that once formed part of the continents, then separated from the latter. At the same time, the continents themselves either still exist or have long since disappeared.
Samoilov K. I. Marine Dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941
Mainland Islands
land areas separated from continents as a result of geological or hydrological processes.
EdwART. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010
See what "CONTINENT ISLANDS" are in other dictionaries:
Areas of the continent separated from it due to abrasion or the sinking of part of the land below sea level. To M. o. include the most major islands of the world: Greenland, Kalimantan, Madagascar... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary
Areas of land surrounded on all sides by the waters of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. They differ relatively from the continents small in size. There are single islands and their groups (archipelagos). Islands in the oceans and seas are divided into continental ones... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Areas of land surrounded on all sides by the waters of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. They differ from the continents in their relatively small size. There are single islands and their groups (archipelagos). Islands in the oceans and seas are divided into continental ones... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Islands) small parts of land compared to continents, surrounded by the sea on all sides. According to their origin, islands are divided into continental, that is, separated parts of the land, and primordial, never connected to the continents, alluvial and oceanic... ... Marine Dictionary
Areas of land surrounded on all sides by the waters of oceans, seas, lakes or rivers. In the seas and oceans there are single islands and groups (archipelagos). By origin they are divided into continental (separated from the continents) and oceanic... ... Marine Dictionary
Areas of land surrounded on all sides by the waters of the ocean, sea, lake or river. They differ from the continents in their relatively small size. There are single O. and groups of O. Archipelagos. O. in the oceans and seas are divided into continental, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
O. are relatively small areas of land surrounded on all sides by water. They differ from the continents only in size, but the difference between one and the other is very conditional, since the ratio between the values of the penultimate in size ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron Encyclopedic reference book "Latin America"
There are three types of islands: continental, volcanic and coral. The formation of islands occurred not only many thousands of years ago, but also now new island territories are emerging.
How were mainland islands formed?
Mainland islands were formed due to movement tectonic plates earth's crust. The islands were once part of larger continents. Vertical movements of tectonic plates, together with rising sea levels, formed faults in the continents. The nature of the mainland islands and the nature of the continent closest to them are almost identical. Mainland or continental islands are located within a single shelf, or are separated from the mainland by a deep fault. Continental islands include Greenland, Novaya Zemlya, Madagascar, British Isles, etc.
How are volcanic islands formed?
There is constant volcanic activity in the oceans. An erupting volcano releases a huge amount of lava, which solidifies upon contact with water and air, forming new volcanic islands. Such islands experience great water erosion and gradually go under water. Volcanic islands are often significantly removed from the continents and form a unique ecological system. An example of volcanic islands is the Hawaiian Island chain.
How are coral islands formed?
Such islands can form only in equatorial and tropical latitudes. The shallows are populated by corals and polyps, which cling to the seabed with their roots. With time Bottom part coral hardens to form solid foundation islands. Such a foundation begins to retain the sand that the ocean carries with its current. Coral reefs are formed, which are populated by the most outlandish animals of the ocean. An excellent example of such islands is the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia.
MAINLAND ISLANDS
Areas of land that once formed part of the continents, then separated from the latter. At the same time, the continents themselves either still exist or have long since disappeared.
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Great Soviet Encyclopedia
"MAINLAND ISLANDS" in books
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Large and small islands were formed - areas of land in the sea, ocean, lake, river, surrounded on all sides by water. The area of all the islands of the planet is 9.9 million km2, which is equal to the area. However, this figure is approximate, since the total number of islands is constantly changing: some islands appear, others disappear. About 79% of the total island landmass is contained in 28 major islands. Of these, the largest is .
The islands are located singly or in groups. Groups of islands lying at a short distance from each other and having a common underwater base are called archipelagos (, Spitsbergen, Aleutian, Japanese, Greater and Lesser Antilles).
By origin, all islands can be divided into groups:
Mainland Islands.These are separated parts of the continent, similar to it in terms of and. They are separated from the main landmass by straits or shelf seas (Canadian Archipelago). Many mainland islands are a continuation of the mountain folds of the mainland. So, - one of the folds of the Far Eastern mountainous country; - continuation ; - . The time of formation of these islands is different.
Volcanic Islands.These are independent islands; they have never been parts of the mainland. There are islands in all oceans, with the exception of. The largest island of volcanic origin on Earth is. Many volcanic islands appeared when lava spread. This group includes islands such as the Hawaiian archipelago and Ascension Island.
The typical form of which is atolls. This is a ring-shaped island in the form of a narrow ridge, continuous or broken, surrounding a shallow and well-heated lagoon. The main builder of these islands giant size are small sea inhabitants - coral polyps. They mine from sea water lime and build shell houses from it, which, when joined together, form straight vertical columns or coral thickets similar to dense bushes. These tiny animals live shallowly, as they love warm clear water, - either off the coast or on the tops of seamounts. Having lived their short life, the corals die, and new polyps build their thickets on the empty houses. Under the weight of the upper buildings, the lower ones are compressed, forming a solid foundation. Centuries pass, and on this foundation chains of coral rocks - reefs - appear. If coral structures were erected along the edges of a round crater of an underwater volcano, then an island is formed, shaped like a ring with a lagoon in the middle. In it, the ocean water that comes here during the season acquires a surprisingly pure azure color, which creates the special charm for which the atolls are famous.
Most coral structures (reefs and atolls) are located in warm waters and, they are often found in entire archipelagos. Atoll islands can be from 2 to 90 km across.
Coral structures provide convincing evidence that some areas of the ocean floor are rising while others are sinking. If the ocean floor were stationary, then the height of such buildings would not exceed 50 meters. But research proves that they often reach a thickness of many hundreds of meters and are located at depths of up to 1600 m. The only reason for this arrangement of these buildings may be the subsidence of the ocean floor, along with which the entire coral structure sank. Thanks to this, the upper, youngest parts of the buildings are able to gradually build on them. In other places, coral structures rise tens of hundreds of meters above sea level. This means that in these areas the seabed has risen.