Basics of interior design. Design Basics

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From the author: Greetings, dear reader. When starting your journey as a web designer, you probably come across a huge number of various seminars, courses, reference books, books and web design lessons. However, not everyone can afford training that costs several thousand rubles. Moreover, truly useful and high-quality web design lessons are held only in major cities. Which exit?

To master the profession of a web designer, successfully apply your knowledge in practice and create a high-quality and useful product, it is often enough to “study” various web resources or take specialized video courses intended for beginners.

It's not that I'm against the full-time system of teaching web design. I just think that most of these courses are simply a waste of useful time to study information that is unnecessary for a beginning web designer, like “what is the Internet” or “how to install Photoshop” (you can certainly learn this on your own).

In addition, in our country they actually do not teach to be web designers. That is, the specialty “graphic design” is available in many universities, however, it produces printers, illustrators, decorators, graphic designers - anyone but web design specialists.

Today we will talk to you about what no introductory lesson on web design from scratch is complete without - the main criteria good design: color, shape and typography. And, of course, about the concept of web design.

What is web design?

The creation of any web resource begins with the design of its interface, which should not only be convenient and understandable for the user, but also meet the goals and objectives of the site. Despite the fact that the artistic design of the interface recedes into the background, its proper use will enhance the convenience of the site, make it memorable and original.

If you don’t have artistic taste from birth, don’t worry. The main thing is to know the basics of web design, and taste will come with experience.

Color

The default monitor color is black. The primary colors - red, blue and green - are added to black and form all the other colors. If you add three primary colors, you get white. This color model is called RGB.

Some web design lessons from scratch start with a description color wheel, which is the main assistant of any web designer.

Principles of the Color Wheel

Pairs of colors located opposite each other are contrasting. For example, violet with yellow, magenta with green, cyan with red;

contrasting colors are mutually exclusive. That is, if you increase the level blue color, this will automatically reduce the red level. And vice versa;

specific color obtained by mixing adjacent colors. For example, to get yellow, you need to mix green and red;

Any color can be contrasted not with one color, but with a contrasting pair. So, to increase the red value, you can lower the cyan level, or lower the blue and green values at the same time.

A small life hack: to quickly select a contrasting color, you can invert the color of any raster element using the Ctrl+I command.

When choosing color palette for the site, do not forget to use a table of safe colors to be sure that the browser will render a particular color in the right way. If the browser cannot recognize a particular color, it may mix several nearby ones, resulting in distortion color range site.

Form.

Without exception, all objects have a form. We can create an object without color or texture, but the shape information cannot be omitted. Most commonly used simple forms in web design are: line, rectangle, triangle and circle.

A line can perform two functions: connecting and separating other objects. Connection example:

Splitting example:

Rectangle. It is important to choose the proportions. Surely you have heard about the “golden ratio” - dividing a segment into parts in such a way that the ratio of the smaller part to the larger is the same as the ratio of the larger to the entire length of the segment. Below is an example in which point C divides segment AB so that AC:AB= CB:AC.

So, the principle of the “golden ratio” is observed not only in the paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, but also in all areas of science and art, including web design. It is believed that the “golden ratio” generates harmony. For example, in a photograph, important objects should be located at a distance of 3/8 and 5/8 from the edge, that is, in important visual centers.

Triangle. This is a complex figure for web design, allowing you to achieve different effects. Often it does not fit well into the overall picture, however, when correct use, for example in logos, can emphasize the reliability and sustainability of the company.

Circle. Like the triangle, this shape is good in logos, icons and other small objects. In large objects and screen design, the circle is rarely used.

Typography.

The work of a web designer is not only about drawing objects and correct location them in space. One of the most important tasks is to make the text that we see on the monitor screen beautiful and readable.

Different platforms and browsers tend to display fonts differently (which is incredibly frustrating for both users and web designers), so try to use safe fonts that are guaranteed to display across all browsers.

basic - for the main materials of the site. Use readable, simple fonts with comfortable line spacing (approximately 1.5 times the height of the characters);

display - for headings. This font can be distinguished not only by size, but also by color;

additional - for navigation, important information, menu logo, quotes, etc.

That's all for now. The next web design tutorial will cover the basics of Photoshop.

In conclusion, I want to say that everyone can master the basics of design skills. You just need to have the desire, put in some effort and devote time to learning. The basics of web design (color, object shapes, and fonts) are the foundation on which learning should be built.

Take the time to look through the portfolios of various talented designers or the websites of famous companies and pay special attention to the above elements. This will help you develop good taste and perhaps develop your own style.

Subscribe to our updates and be the first to receive web design lessons. See you again!

Stereotypes definitely interfere with life: in interior design, they are everywhere. In our lives there are many unwritten laws, rules invented by someone, preconceived ideas associated with outdated prejudices that make us similar and... prevent us from showing our individuality. Stereotypes definitely interfere with life: in interior design, they are everywhere. In our lives there are many unwritten laws, rules invented by someone, preconceived ideas associated with outdated prejudices that make us similar and... prevent us from showing our individuality.

Following stereotypes and fear of the new leads to stagnation, marking time in one place. Without people who think outside the box, people would never have seen a steamboat and a steam locomotive, a telephone and a computer, or heard rock music and jazz compositions.

There are many stereotypes in behavior, in communication, in the manner of dressing. But the most rigid forms of “what is possible” and “what is not” are characteristic of interior design.

If we talk about interior design, then interiors are different, just as ideas and ways of their implementation are different.

But the basics of interior design are precisely that there is nothing superfluous, that every detail corresponds to its purpose, to the worldview of the person who is in this room.

However, stereotypes do not always coincide with our preferences. It’s better to immediately allow yourself to do what you want. And then an interior will be born in which it will be joyful and happy to live, and it will be possible to say about interior design - this is what I need.

As many years ago, the basics of interior design are materials and shape, textiles and. By choosing a color, you can visually expand and narrow the proportions of rooms and highlight zones.

Warm colors warm you up

If it’s frosty outside and the sun is obscured by clouds, do yellow, peach or beige walls make you feel warm? Of course not. Without natural light, walls of such a monochromatic color lose their gloss and look dull and dull.

Natural warmth and comfort, according to designers, are more imparted by furniture and products made from natural wood, soft textiles and fur trim.

It is better to decorate the walls with blue-green wallpaper or cover the surface with paint in cool shades.

The nobility and elegance of a cold range of colors visually enlarges the space. And they look clean, fresh, neat than warm colors in the hazy rays of natural light.

When warm shades are combined with cool colors, the result is an interesting contrast that enhances the color scheme.

Dark color narrows the room

Modern people have proven in practice that this stereotype is wrong.

The color scheme has different effects. The basics of design and interior design are offered in the premises large sizes use colors light shades, which will successfully emphasize the space.

To design small rooms that look like boxes, it is recommended to use dark, rich colors that give coziness and some intimacy to the room.

The color of the room depends on its purpose

There is a stereotype that the bedroom should be blue, because it helps with insomnia and calms you down, and the kitchen should definitely be decorated orange, as it has a positive effect on digestion.

Why do designers offer interiors in different colors?

After all, if this were true, then jars with labels would have appeared long ago, indicating not the color, but the room for which they were intended to be painted. And everyone would forget about insomnia and bad mood.

It's no secret that everyone has their favorite colors. No recommendations and advice will force you to make a room in shades of yellow or red, if with calm colors of blue-green tones you sleep better and have more harmony.

Classic, baroque, modern, minimalism - in any style you should act according to basic rules building a living space that is one for everyone. They come from the psychology of human perception of information. And, like the laws of nature, they remain unchanged and omnipresent.

Influence environment impossible to overestimate. Our state of mind and even health directly depend on this. A person who lives in the right, comfortable environment can be immediately distinguished from a thousand. He walks down the street and feels good. Riding the subway, sitting at work, the first thing you can see in this is that the person feels good. He has time to “charge” himself at home for the whole day. Why is he like this? You will immediately understand this if you visit. It's so good there that it takes your breath away. Walls, floor, ceiling - everything is as usual. If separately. And together the entire interior fills the soul with wonderful feelings.

Let's study. Create beauty. And live beautifully.

Golden ratio rule

When we look at a picture, or at the wall of a room, the information is first processed right hemisphere, "technical". For multiple and clear proportions, repetition of identical elements. Then, if the right does not find anything interesting for itself, the left, the “humanitarian”, enters. It is responsible for the associative series, fantasy, and other lyrics. If an artist paints the most beautiful landscape in the world, but the horizon line in the picture divides it exactly in half, no one will simply see this beauty. The viewer's brain will not perceive any beauty, because the “humanitarian” hemisphere will not even “turn on”.

The golden ratio rule says: no even or multiple divisions. Only asymmetry and irrationality. Do you need to combine two colors of wallpaper on the walls a third of the way up? Measure out a third and a little more.

Psychology of visual information perception

Let's take things and phenomena from the very thick of them "bone by bone" Everyday life. Whether you like the picture or not. Convenient, cozy in the room or not so much. Only the result enters consciousness, while the head does a really great job of analytical work.

When looking at a painting, we run our gaze from the upper left corner to the lower right. Always. With no exceptions. Right-handed and left-handed. Then we begin to wander around the picture with our eyes, stopping first simply at the bright spots, and then at the elements that carry a semantic load.

Let's look at how the head works using geometric shapes as an example.

Arabs read from the lower right corner to the upper left. And their entire perception of visual information occurs exactly the opposite.
Just imagine - there are people living next to us who perceive the world literally inside out.
I keep thinking - maybe it’s the same in their music? Do these languid, mournful minor songs invigorate them?

Here the large square “hangs” over the ball. It's like it's about to crush you. The round, soft shape and smaller size of the ball associate it with small and good. The angular square here is “evil”, dangerous.

And here the ball “floats”, as if flying away from the square. The square now gives us a feeling of confidence, solidity, peace.

The relationships between these geometric primitives can be quite dramatic. Depending on their position, the image of a square and a circle acquires any emotional sound.

And all because we look at the picture from the upper left corner to the lower right, and we perceive the figures in turn, which means in time, which means in action.

Energy and its absence

The line is a goner. Well, she has no strength left.

Here it's a different matter. There's nothing wrong with this line's energy.

One is in minor, the second is in major. One flops around limply. The second - energetically, in an arc, strives upward.

Major-minor

We all know very well what it is. We just can’t explain it. What means can you use to express emotional coloring in the interior? First of all - color. Cold ones are minor. Warm - major. And by combining the colors of individual elements, like an orchestra, we express deep and rich emotional states.

An equally important carrier of emotions is form.

In a minor key painting, the horizon line ALWAYS descends from top to bottom.

Major - the horizon line rises.

Shape and color are inextricably linked. If in painting artists subconsciously use all these techniques to express an emotional and mental state, then in we reasonably limit the emotional components. Imagine an environment that constantly stimulates laughter. I can’t help but remember the joke about a girl who had a brick fall on her head at a construction site. She just laughed. He still walks like that - laughs.

And also, using these expressive means, we can fill the interior with rich, rich taste. Or, for gourmets, on the contrary - sophisticated.

I am begging you. Do not start renovating until you have thought through the entire project, right down to the furniture. Finalize the color of the floor or walls after you choose cabinet furniture and the colors of the upholstery on the sofas. Kitchen. Let preparatory stage will take a little longer. But everything will work out well. I confess to you that I myself made a mistake, from which I now warn you.
In the fall I did it in the apartment, in modern style. In the living room I decided to use a solution like "Invisible furniture". I suggested light fronts on the cabinets. I bought wallpaper there in the color “natural linen”. The time had come to order furniture - and I realized with horror that if I hung light-colored facades, the whole room would become too white. Boring. I currently live with furniture without doors. I'm thinking what to do. I probably use colored doors" bleached oak". It is almost no different from my wallpaper. It will truly be “invisible” furniture. It will “sit” on the walls like a glove. Such things.
And how many cases have we had when clients still applied new wallpaper after purchasing furniture!

The non-decorative role of painting in the interior

The work of a true artist, not a craftsman, works wonders. You can just look at another picture in the morning instead of exercising. And that’s it - he’s already woken up and ready for labor feats. Why is this happening? We will not go into parapsychological implications and any unprovable mysticism. You encounter another manifestation of this mysterious energy many times every day. This is the "feeling of looking". Look at the back of a passerby on the street. Or a companion on the subway. The man will turn around. And you, without noticing it, respond to other people’s eyes a hundred times a day.

These are the main rules. Even though we only skimmed the top, galloping across Europe, you already got the general idea. We will return to this topic more than once. If our reasoning really interested you, then you will certainly be interested in Wassily Kandinsky’s book “On the Spiritual in Art” (electronic version of the book here >>) This is one of the few programmatic works on the theory of painting. It is no longer possible to find it in paper form.

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Interior design is a complex but fascinating thing. Because this is a real adventure with elements of drama - to understand all the intricacies of organizing a living space. And so that the result does not make you ashamed in front of your neighbors.

website created a short guide for you popular styles interior Now you definitely won’t confuse Provence with Art Nouveau.

Art Deco (Art Deco)

In such a room you don’t know what to do with yourself - everything sparkles, shines, shimmers and screams. On the left, the statue of Venus is sad, wrapped in brocade, on the right, the Indian Ganesha is laughing, and even a mysterious African mask has a place here. Because art deco is a mixture of everything and everyone. The main thing is that it is expensive and rich. The neighbors will be jealous.

High tech

If everything is around, even door handles, built-in, the surfaces are all chrome-plated and in general you feel like you’re on board spaceship, and Spock is about to appear from around the corner with his signature gesture, then this is high-tech style. He can be quite sweet, and you have to love him - something tells us that he is the future.

Classic style

A classic - it is a classic in Africa too. Everything here is very solemn and luxurious. Wallpaper with curls, columns, furniture that is scary to sit on (what if something happens), paintings on the walls - just like at a royal reception. Instead of the king, of course, you. And here’s what’s convenient: in such an interior no one will notice that the king is naked.

Modern

If you have a strange feeling that, on the one hand, you are inside a Salvador Dali painting, and on the other, in a confession in a Catholic cathedral, there is nothing wrong with you - you did not have too much wine tonight. It's just modern - a style dominated by S-shaped lines and stained glass. It's so cozy.

Pop Art

Andy Warhol, Monroe and all sorts of cans on the walls, chairs and tables made of plastic, and the bright colors dazzle your eyes - no, you are not at a contemporary art exhibition. Your friend decided to renovate his apartment in pop art style. Well, there is no arguing about tastes.

Ecostyle

You can just as easily live in a tent in the forest, but designers have come up with an eco-style. Bamboo, clay, wood, water - everything is as it should be, environmentally friendly and healthy. AND hot water with heating available. It's a shame we can't do barbecue.

Classic, baroque, modern, minimalism - in any style you should follow the basic rules for constructing a living space, one for everyone. The fundamentals of design come from the psychology of human perception of information. And, like the laws of nature, they remain unchanged and omnipresent.

The influence of the environment cannot be overestimated. Our state of mind and even health directly depend on this. A person who lives in the right, comfortable environment can be immediately distinguished from a thousand. He walks down the street and feels good. Riding the subway, sitting at work, the first thing you can see in this is that the person feels good. He manages to “recharge” at home for the whole day. Why is he like this? You will immediately understand this if you visit. It's so good there that it takes your breath away. Walls, floor, ceiling - everything is as usual. If separately. And together the whole thing fills the soul with wonderful feelings.

Let's study. Create beauty. And live beautifully.

Design Basics. Golden ratio rule

When we look at a picture, or at the wall of a room, the information is first processed by the right hemisphere, the “technical” one. For multiple and clear proportions, repetition of identical elements. Then, if the right does not find anything interesting for itself, the left, the “humanitarian”, enters. It is responsible for the associative series, fantasy, and other lyrics. If an artist paints the most beautiful landscape in the world, but the horizon line in the picture divides it exactly in half, no one will simply see this beauty. The viewer's brain will not perceive any beauty, because the “humanitarian” hemisphere will not even “turn on”.

Design Basics. Psychology of visual information perception

Let's analyze things and phenomena from the very thick of everyday life. Whether you like the picture or not. Convenient, cozy in the room or not so much. Only the result enters consciousness, while the head does a really great job of analytical work.

Let's look at this using geometric shapes as an example.

The relationships between these geometric primitives can be quite dramatic. Depending on their position, the image of a square and a circle acquires any emotional sound.

And all because we look at the picture from the upper left corner to the lower right, and we perceive the figures in turn, which means in time, which means in action.

In the first case, a large square “hangs” over the ball. It's like it's about to crush you. The round, soft shape and smaller size of the ball associate it with small and good. The angular square here is “evil”, dangerous.

And in the second, the ball “floats”, as if flying away from the square. The square now gives us a feeling of confidence, solidity, peace.

Design Basics. Energy and its absence

One is in minor, the second is in major. One flops around limply. The second - energetically, in an arc, strives upward.

Design Basics. Major-minor

An equally important carrier of emotions is form.

In a painting “in minor” the horizon line ALWAYS descends from top to bottom Major - the horizon line rises

Arabs read from the lower right corner to the upper left. And their entire perception of visual information occurs exactly the opposite.

Just imagine - there are people living next to us who perceive the world literally inside out.

I keep thinking - maybe it’s the same in their music? Do these languid, mournful minor songs invigorate them?

Shape and color are inextricably linked. If in painting artists subconsciously use all these techniques to express their emotional and mental state, then in the interior we reasonably limit the emotional components. Imagine an environment that constantly stimulates laughter. I can’t help but remember the joke about a girl who had a brick fall on her head at a construction site. She just laughed. He still walks like that - laughs.

And also, using these expressive means, we can fill the interior with rich, rich taste. Or, for gourmets, on the contrary - sophisticated.

In the fall I renovated my apartment in a modern style. In the living room I decided to use a solution like “Invisible Furniture”. I suggested light fronts on the cabinets. I bought wallpaper there in the color “natural linen”. The time had come to order furniture - and I realized with horror that if I hung light-colored facades, the whole room would become too white. Boring. I currently live with furniture without doors. I'm thinking what to do. I probably use doors in the color “bleached oak”. It's almost no different from my wallpaper. The result will truly be “invisible” furniture. “Sits” on the walls like a glove. So it goes.

And how many cases have we had when clients still applied new wallpaper after purchasing furniture!

Design Basics. The non-decorative role of painting in the interior

These are the main rules. Even though we only skimmed the top, galloping across Europe, you already got the general idea. We will return to this topic more than once. If our discussions really interested you, then you will certainly be interested in Wassily Kandinsky’s book “On the Spiritual in Art.” This is one of the few programmatic works on the theory of painting. It is no longer possible to find it in paper form.

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