How ancient people imagined the universe is a lesson. Summary and presentation of the geography lesson “How ancient people imagined the Universe”
Once upon a time, at a tender age, hearing the expression “at the end of the world” in fairy tales, I thought – where is this edge and what does it look like? If it's just the end of the Earth and the void begins, then did they put a fence there so that no one would fall? Childhood is over, I learned about planets And solar system , galaxies and Universe. Even now it is difficult to imagine the immensity and imagine where is the edge of the universe. Probably, in this matter we are all like ancient people, imagining the Earth and universe.
How our ancestors imagined the world
Scientific attempts to describe the Universe
Some peoples have advanced knowledge of the world deeper than a convenient legend from old wives' tales. The most advanced in this area were:
- Greeks. Officially, they were the first to suggest that The earth is round. But their theory was geocentric– it was believed that the Sun and planets revolve around the Earth. Atomists assumed that our system was not the only one, and imagined the Universe as a cluster of systems, which they were not far from the truth.
- Hindus. In the Vedas and Puranas it was described in an allegorical form solar system model like planets moving around the sun, and the Sun itself - around the Earth. As the priestly level degraded, the servants themselves began to perceive projection drawings as flat objects, from which the version of flat earth.
- Romans. Like the Greeks, they claimed geocentric Universe, while quite accurately calculating time length of orbits planets and their distance from Earth.
Today
The fact that today much is known about our solar system, our and nearby galaxies, does not give confidence in the correctness of our ideas about the universe. Most of them are just guesses. It is quite possible that our ideas will also find their way into someone’s discussions in 300 years.
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Slide captions:
The topic of our lesson: “How ancient people imagined the Universe” Geography 5th grade Teacher: Drozd V.G.
Purpose of the lesson: to study previous ideas about the Universe.
You have probably heard the word “Universe” more than once. What it is? The Universe is outer space and everything that fills it: celestial bodies, gas, dust. In other words, this is the whole world. Our planet is part of the vast universe, one of countless celestial bodies
Modern ideas about the structure of the Universe developed gradually. In ancient times they were completely different from what they are now. For a long time The Earth was considered the center of the Universe.
Ancient peoples' ideas about the Universe
Representations of ancient Indians
Representation of the inhabitants of Mesopotamia In their opinion, the Earth is a mountain, which is surrounded on all sides by the sea and which is supported by 12 columns.
The people of Babylon saw the Universe differently. The Earth, in their opinion, is a mountain surrounded by the sea on all sides. Above them, in the form of an overturned bowl, is the starry sky.
Physical minute I looked at you from the darkness Together with a thousand friends, (The star stands up to his full height, raises his arms and looks up.) I sparkled and shone, (The star rhythmically presses his arms bent at the elbows with his fingers clenched into fists to his sides, then spreads them them to the sides, spreading their fingers, depicting their glow) And then suddenly fell. (The star squats down again.)
Pythagoras (c. 580-500 BC) Great ancient Greek mathematician. He was the first to suggest that the Earth is not flat, but has the shape of a ball.
Aristotle (384-322 BC) System of the world according to Aristotle
Aristarchus of Samos (320-250 BC) Ancient Greek scientist. Believed that the center of the Universe is not the Earth, but the Sun
Claudius Ptolemy (c. 90-160 AD)
Exercise. Using the textbook material, fill out the table Name of the scientist Idea of the Universe Aristotle (384-322 BC) Created a model of the Universe. Believed that in the center of the Universe there is a stationary Earth around which 8 revolve celestial spheres Aristarchus of Samos (320-250 BC) Believed that the center of the Universe is the Sun, and the Earth and other planets move around it Claudius Ptolemy (c. 90-160 AD) Developed a world system with the Earth at the center and around which five planets, the Moon and the Sun revolve). He wrote the work “The Great Mathematical Construction of Astronomy” in 13 books.
Test your knowledge 1. Which ancient scientist first proposed that the Earth is spherical? A – Aristotle B – Pythagoras C – Ptolemy 2. According to the ancient Indians, the Earth is: A – flat and rests on a turtle B – round and rests on the backs of giant elephants C – flat and rests on the backs of giant elephants, which, in turn, , rest on a turtle G - round and rest on the backs of giant elephants, which, in turn, rest on the turtle. 3. The first scientist who believed that the center of the Universe was the Earth was: A – Pythagoras B – Aristotle C – Aristarchus of Samos D – Claudius Ptolemy 4. Ptolemy’s system dominated science for: A – 13 centuries B – 15 centuries C – 10 centuries D – 8 centuries
Homework: 1. Paragraph 8 and draw a picture “The idea of the ancient peoples about the Universe” 2. Paragraph 8, prepare a report on the ideas of the ancient peoples about the Universe 3. Paragraph 8, prepare a presentation on the topic.
Thank you for your attention!
The ideas of the ancients about the Earth were based primarily on mythological ideas.
Some peoples believed that the Earth was flat and supported by three whales that floated across the vast ocean. Consequently, these whales were in their eyes the main foundations, the foundation of the whole world.
The increase in geographical information is associated primarily with travel and navigation, as well as with the development of simple astronomical observations.
Ancient Greeks imagined the Earth to be flat. This opinion was held, for example, by the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus, who lived in the 6th century BC. He considered the Earth to be a flat disk surrounded by a sea inaccessible to humans, from which the stars emerge every evening and into which they set every morning. Every morning, the sun god Helios (later identified with Apollo) rose from the eastern sea in a golden chariot and made his way across the sky.
The world in the minds of the ancient Egyptians: below is the Earth, above it is the goddess of the sky; to the left and to the right is the ship of the Sun god, showing the path of the Sun across the sky from sunrise to sunset.
The ancient Indians imagined the Earth as a hemisphere held by four elephant . The elephants are standing on a huge turtle, and the turtle is on a snake, which, curled up in a ring, closes the near-earth space.
Residents of Babylon imagined the Earth in the form of a mountain, on the western slope of which Babylonia is located. They knew that to the south of Babylon there was a sea, and to the east there were mountains that they did not dare cross. That’s why it seemed to them that Babylonia was located on the western slope of the “world” mountain. This mountain is surrounded by the sea, and on the sea, like an overturned bowl, rests the solid sky - the heavenly world, where, like on Earth, there is land, water and air. The celestial land is the belt of the 12 constellations of the Zodiac: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces. The Sun appears in each constellation for about a month each year. The Sun, Moon and five planets move along this belt of land. Under the Earth there is an abyss - hell, where the souls of the dead descend. At night, the Sun passes through this underground from the western edge of the Earth to the eastern, so that in the morning it will again begin its daily journey across the sky. Watching the Sun set over the sea horizon, people thought that it went into the sea and also rose from the sea. Thus, the ancient Babylonians’ ideas about the Earth were based on observations of natural phenomena, but limited knowledge did not allow them to be correctly explained.
Earth according to the ancient Babylonians.
When people began to travel far, evidence gradually began to accumulate that the Earth was not flat, but convex.
Great ancient Greek scientist Pythagoras Samos(in the 6th century BC) first suggested that the Earth was spherical. Pythagoras was right. But to prove the Pythagorean hypothesis, and even more so to determine the radius globe succeeded much later. It is believed that this idea Pythagoras borrowed from the Egyptian priests. When the Egyptian priests knew about this, one can only guess, since, unlike the Greeks, they hid their knowledge from the general public.Pythagoras himself may have also relied on the testimony of a simple sailor Skilacus of Karian, who in 515 BC. made a description of his voyages in the Mediterranean.
Famous ancient Greek scientist Aristotle(IV century BC)e.)
was the first to use observations of the Earth to prove the sphericity of the Earth. lunar eclipses. Here are three facts:
- The shadow of the Earth falling on the full Moon is always round. During eclipses, the Earth is turned to the Moon in different directions. But only the ball always casts a round shadow.
- Ships, moving away from the observer into the sea, are not gradually lost from sight due to the long distance, but almost instantly seem to “sink”, disappearing beyond the horizon.
- Some stars can only be seen from certain parts of the Earth, while to other observers they are never visible.
Claudius Ptolemy(2nd century AD) - ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, optician, music theorist and geographer. In the period from 127 to 151 he lived in Alexandria, where he conducted astronomical observations. He continued Aristotle's teaching regarding the sphericity of the Earth.
He created his geocentric system of the universe and taught that all celestial bodies move around the Earth in empty cosmic space.
Subsequently, the Ptolemaic system was recognized by the Christian Church.
The universe according to Ptolemy: the planets rotate in empty space.
Finally, an outstanding astronomer ancient world Aristarchus of Samos(end of the 4th - first half of the 3rd century BC) expressed the idea that it is not the Sun together with the planets that moves around the Earth, but the Earth and all the planets revolve around the Sun. However, he had very little evidence at his disposal.
And about 1,700 years passed before the Polish scientist managed to prove this Copernicus.
Purpose of the lesson: to study
earlier ideas about
Universe.
is that?
Universe -
This is outer space and
everything that fills it:
celestial bodies, gas, dust
In other words, it's the whole world.
Our planet is part of the vast
universe,
one of the countless celestial bodies Modern ideas about the structure of the Universe developed gradually
In ancient times they were completely different from what they are now. For a long time the center
The Earth was considered the universe. The ideas of ancient peoples about
Universe
Representations of ancient Indians
Representation of the inhabitants of Mesopotamia
In their opinion,The earth is a mountain
which from everyone
parties
surrounded by the sea
and which
lasts for 12
columns The Universe was seen differently by the peoples of Babylon... The Earth, according to them
opinion, this is the mountain that from all
The sides are surrounded by the sea. Above them in the form of an overturned bowl
the starry sky is located.
Fizminutka
I looked at you from the darknessTogether with a thousand friends,
(The star stands up to his full height, raises his arms and looks
up.)
I sparkled and shone
(The star rhythmically presses his arms bent at the elbows with
fingers clenched into fists to the sides, then spreads them apart
sides, spreading your fingers, depicting your glow)
And then she suddenly fell.
(The star squats down again.)
Pythagoras (c. 580-500 BC)
GreatAncient Greek
mathematician. First
suggested that
The earth is not flat, but
has the shape of a ball.
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Aristotle's system of the worldAristarchus of Samos (320-250 BC)
Ancient Greekscientist.
I thought that
center
Universe
is not
Earth and Sun
Claudius Ptolemy (c. 90-160 AD)
Exercise. Using the textbook material, fill intable
Scientist's name
Idea of the Universe
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Created a model of the Universe. Believed
what's at the center of the universe
the stationary Earth is located
around which 8 revolve
celestial spheres
Aristarchus of Samos (320-250 BC)
Believed that the center of the universe was
The Sun, and the Earth and other planets
moving around him
Claudius Ptolemy (c. 90-160 AD)
Developed a world system, in the center
which the Earth and around which
five planets, the moon and
Sun). Wrote the work “Great
mathematical construction
astronomy" in 13 books.
Test your knowledge
1. Which ancient scientist first proposed that the Earth has a shapeball?
A – Aristotle
B – Pythagoras
B – Ptolemy
2. According to the ancient Indians, the Earth is:
A – flat and rests on the turtle
B – round and rests on the backs of giant elephants
B - flat and rests on the backs of giant elephants, which, in their
turn resting on the turtle
G is round and rests on the backs of giant elephants, which, in their
turn, rest on the turtle.
3.The first scientist to believe that the center of the Universe is
Earth, was:
A – Pythagoras
B – Aristotle
B – Aristarchus of Samos
G – Claudius Ptolemy
4. Ptolemy’s system dominated science for:
A- 13 centuries
B – 15 centuries
B – 10 centuries
G – 8 centuries Exchange notebooks and rate each other
friend:
4 correct answers – “5”
3 correct answers – “4”
2 correct answers – “3”
1 correct answer – “2” Evaluate your work in class:
Everything worked out in the lesson and I liked it
It was difficult but interesting
I made a lot of mistakes, I need to
still work on the topic Homework:
1. Paragraph 8 and draw a picture
"The idea of ancient peoples about
universe"
2. Paragraph 8, prepare a message about
ideas of ancient peoples about
Universe
3. Paragraph 8, prepare a presentation
on this topic.
Lesson notes on geography in 5th grade (FSES)
1. Teacher's name: Telepenina Tatyana Fedorovna, geography teacher, MKOU "Bredinskaya Secondary School No. 1"
2. Class: 5
3. Lesson topic: How did ancient people imagine the universe?
4. The purpose of the lesson: study the first ideas about the structure of the Universe
5. Lesson objectives:
Educational- give an idea of what the Universe is; introduce the ideas of the Universe of ancient peoples and ancient Greek scientists.
Developmental- continue to develop the ability to highlight the main thing when working with a textbook and additional literature; improve self-control skills.
Educational- develop the ability to work in groups, listen and hear each other.
6. Planned results:
Subject- learn to explain ideas about the Universe; will have the opportunity to formulate the concept of “Universe”; get acquainted with the ideas of ancient people about the Universe and the shape of the Earth.
Metasubject
Cognitive: identify primary and secondary information,
Regulatory: evaluate the achieved result,
Communicative: establish working relationships, collaborate effectively, know how to listen and hear each other.
Personal- formation of communicative competence in collaboration with peers in the process educational activities.
7. Teaching methods: partially search, problematic.
8. Type lesson: Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge
9. Forms of work: Individual, group, frontal.
10. Lesson format: lesson using ICT
11. Resources used: Geography. Initial course, authors I.I. Barinova, A.A. Pleshakov, N.I. Sonin, slide presentation.
During the classes:
Start of the lesson
Organizing time (1-2 minutes).
Motivation to educational activities: prepare students for work in the lesson.
Get the kids ready to work. Creating a favorable environment for work in the classroom. Formulation of the purpose and objectives of the lesson.
Let's start the lesson with interesting riddles ( I post images of the answers on a magnetic board)
Wanders alone
Fiery eye.
Everywhere it happens
The look warms you. (Sun)
Not a month, not a moon, not a planet, not a star,
It flies across the sky, overtaking airplanes. (Satellite)
A fragment from the planet
Rushing somewhere among the stars.
He has been flying and flying for many years,
Space... (meteorite)
With a tail of bright light
Rushing across the sky... (Comet)
Peas are scattered across the dark sky
Colored caramel made from sugar crumbs,
And only when the morning comes,
All the caramel will suddenly melt. (Stars)
Sometimes he loses weight, sometimes he gets fatter,
It shines from the sky, but does not warm,
And to Earth only one
Always looking away. (Moon)
There are balls in the abysses of space,
They lead round dances,
And each of them
The color is just its own special! (Planets)
Determining the topic of the lesson, setting the educational task.
- What should we call these objects? (children's answers)
Of all the celestial bodies we have named no an object Not raised doubts? If you did, why? (a satellite is an artificial celestial body created by man)
In what space do all these celestial bodies move?
Guys, what do you think is the topic of our lesson? (What is the Universe, what is included in it)
We will also get acquainted with how people in ancient times imagined the Universe.
What tasks should we set for ourselves? (children's answers)
What is the Universe? (children's answers)
Refer to textbook p. 41 par. 8.
Oh open slave. notebooks us. 23 and complete task 1. Recording from dictation.
For thousands of years people have admired starry sky, observed the movement of the Sun, Moon, and planets. And we always asked ourselves the question: how does the Universe work?
Listen to the poem and use the textbook to determine p. 41 In what country in ancient times did they represent the land this way?
Across the expanses of deep waters
The turtle keeps swimming
On your wide back
Three elephants are lucky
On their ridge is the Earth,
A snake surrounded them. (Ancient Indians)
What other ideas about the Universe did people in ancient times have?
Fizminutka "Space" - separate presentation (internet source)
Slide 11-14
But these ideas were changed by the ancient Greek scientists Pythagoras, Aristotle and Ptolemy
What celestial bodies were known to the ancient Greeks, do you think?
Slave. notebook question No. 2, 3, 4
3. Primary consolidation.
Slide 15-16
Now, from the statements proposed below, we will determine which are true and which are not. Alone, then together.
Let's remember what tasks we set at the beginning of the lesson?
Did we manage to do everything?
4. Homework. 1. paragraph 8, answer questions to paragraph
2. RT page 23 complete unfinished tasks
3. Message (presentation) about the most interesting points in your opinion on the topic of our lesson
If you were interested and everything was clear during the lesson, draw a face in your notebook
Interesting, but completely understandable
