Which state does Canada belong to? Interesting facts about Canada

Canada is a multicultural country occupying the northern part of the continent of North America. This is a highly developed industrial-agrarian state with high economic potential and favorable conditions for life.

General information

Canada is the second largest country by area after Russia. Its total territory is about 10 million square meters. km. The country is washed by 3 oceans - the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic. Its main part is occupied by the prairies and plateaus of the Canadian Shield (49%). To the west are the Rocky Mountains, to the east are the Appalachians. Arctic regions make up 40% of Canada's area.

Canada is a bilingual country. The official languages ​​of the state are French and English. The capital is Ottawa, the largest city is Toronto. In the south, Canada borders the United States, forming the longest land border separating the two states.

According to 2011 data, more than 33 million people live in the country. Most of them live in areas located along the border with the United States. The influx of population is mainly due to immigrants.

Since time immemorial, Canada has been inhabited by Indians and Inuit. The main livelihood of indigenous peoples, as a rule, was hunting and fishing. Each region had its own linguistic and cultural characteristics. The basis of the religious beliefs of the local residents was animism (belief in the animation of nature).

The first European settlers came here in the 17th century from France. Canada then became a British colony. The country gained its independence only in the 20th century.

Climate of Canada

Average monthly winter and summer temperatures across Canada vary from region to region. Most of its territory is located in the continental climate zone. In the south of the country, summers are quite warm and long with temperatures sometimes reaching +35 °C.

In many parts of Canada, winters can be quite harsh with temperatures dropping below -15°C. In the far north, temperatures of -50 °C are often recorded.

Due to its oceanic influence, the west coast of Canada has a mild temperate climate characterized by wet winter and warm summer. The northern islands and shores of the Arctic Ocean are dominated by an arctic climate with a maximum average monthly temperature not exceeding +10 °C.

Regions and cities of Canada

Provinces of Canada

• Alberta is a province in western Canada, named after Queen Victoria's daughter, Princess Louise Caroline Alberta. The capital is , the largest city is Calgary. The official language of the province is English.
• British Columbia is a province in the west of the country. The capital is the city, the largest city is. The official language of the province is English.
• Quebec is Canada's largest province by area, located in the east of the country. The capital is Quebec City, the largest city is . The official language of the province is French.
• Manitoba is a province famous for its large number of picturesque lakes. The capital and largest city is . The official language of Manitoba is English.
• Nova Scotia is a province located on the peninsula of the same name in eastern Canada. The capital and largest city is Halifax. The official language of the province is English.
• New Brunswick is one of Canada's three maritime provinces. The capital is Fredericton, the largest city is Saint John. The official languages ​​of the province are English and French.
• Newfoundland and Labrador is a Canadian province in the northeast of the country. The capital and largest city is St. John's. The official language of the province is English.
• Ontario is an eastern province of Canada. The capital and largest city is . The official language of the province is English.
• Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province named after Queen Victoria's father, Prince Edward. The capital and largest city is Charlottetown. The official language of the province is English.
• Saskatchewan is a Canadian province in the central part of the country. The capital is Regina, the largest city is Saskatoon. The official language of the province is English.

Territories of Canada

• Nunavut is Canada's largest and newest territory, located in the north of the country. The capital and largest city is Iqaluit. The official languages ​​are French, English, Inuinnaqtun and Inuktitut.
• Northwest Territories is a Canadian territory located between Yukon and Nunavut. The capital and largest city is Yellowknife. Official languages ​​are French, English, Inuktun, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Dene, Cree, Gwich'in, Dogrib, Northern and Southern Slavey.
• Yukon is a Canadian territory in the northwest of the country. The capital and largest city is Whitehorse. The official languages ​​of Yukon are English and French.

Major cities in Canada

• (Vancouver) is one of the most picturesque settlements in the world, as well as an important business and industrial center of the state.
• (Victoria) is an important tourist center and the capital of British Columbia.
• (Winnipeg) is a city that is considered to be the birthplace of Winnie the Pooh. It is also a significant cultural and industrial center of Canada.
• Hamilton is a major port city in Canada.
• (Calgary) - the famous city of cowboys and Indians, and one of the cleanest settlements in the world. Calgary is famous for its annual cowboy festival, the Stampede, which brings together cowboys from all over the world.
• Quebec is the capital of the French-speaking province of the same name and a major industrial center of Canada.
• (Montreal) is Canada's largest French-speaking population center and is renowned for its vibrant and vibrant metropolitan atmosphere.
• (Ottawa) is the capital, technological and political center of the state.
• (Toronto) is the most important economic center and largest city in the country.
• (Edmonton) - oil and gas, educational and research center of Canada.

Transport Canada

Canada is a country with a fairly developed transport system, including over 300 seaports, 10 large international and about 300 regional airports, about 1 million km highways and more than 72 thousand km of railway tracks.

Types of transport in Canada:

• Road transport is the most popular in the country. More than 2/3 of the country's residents use their own car.
• Air transport is a developed and popular mode of transport, given the size of Canada's territory. The largest airlines in the country are Air Canada and WestJet. The country's largest and most important airports are Pearson in Toronto, Pierre Elliott Trudeau in Montreal, and Vancouver and Calgary international airports.
• Rail transport is quite well developed, but is used mainly for freight transportation. Winnipeg is Canada's most important railway hub.
• Water transport, including large sea vessels, ferries, boats, etc. Canada's largest port is located in Vancouver.
• Public transport is mainly represented by bus routes and taxis. The country's largest cities also have light rail and subways. About 10% of the state's residents use public transport.

Nature of Canada

Popular nature reserves and national parks in Canada

• Banff is the oldest national park in Canada, opened in 1885 in the Rocky Mountains. In addition to the mountains, the park contains picturesque glaciers, ice fields and dense coniferous forests.
• Wood Buffalo is the largest national park in the state, located in its central part. The park is famous for being home to the largest herd of American bison on the continent.
• Vuntut is a national park in northern Yukon. It is home to one of the largest caribou herds on the continent.
• Gros Morne is a national park on the island of Newfoundland. The park is famous for its varied landscapes, lakes, majestic fjords, glacial valleys, waterfalls and high plateaus.
• Jasper is the largest nature reserve in the Rocky Mountains. On its territory there is one of the oldest glaciers in the world - Athabasca, whose age is more than 10 thousand years.
• Ivvavik is a national park in northern Yukon. It was created in 1984 as a result of an agreement between the Government of Canada and the Inuit (Eskimo) people. A significant part of Ivvavik's territory is occupied by the British Mountains.
• Yoho is a nature reserve in the Rocky Mountains. The park area is characterized by large differences in elevation. There are lakes, glaciers, valleys, canyons and limestone caves here.
• Kootenay is a national park in British Columbia. Its motto, “From cacti to glaciers,” reflects all the natural diversity of this wonderful place.
• Quttinirpaaq is the northernmost national park. Over 65% of its territory is located on Canadian Ellesmere Island. Glaciers occupy 36% of the park's area.
• Nahanni is a national park in the southern Mackenzie Mountains. On its territory there are sulfur thermal springs, tuffs, mixed forests and Virginia Falls, which is 2 times higher than the famous Niagara Falls.
• Waterton Lakes is a protected area included in the global network of biosphere reserves.

Canada's largest rivers, lakes and canals

• Great Slave Lake is the deepest lake on the continent and the tenth largest lake on the Planet.
• Great Bear Lake is the largest inland lake in the country and the eighth largest in the world.
• The Great Lakes are a system of five large lakes located in southeastern Canada. Among them: Lake Michigan, Superior, Huron, Ontario and Erie.
• The Saint Lawrence River is important in its own way economic importance water artery. It connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The river basin is one of the most developed and densely populated in Canada.
• The Mackenzie is Canada's longest river, rising from Great Bear Lake and flowing into the Arctic Ocean.
• The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operating canal in North America and runs through Ottawa.

Mountains of Canada

• The Canadian Shield is a wide rocky hill that occupies almost half of Canada's territory.
• The Canadian Cordillera (Rocky Mountains) is the most picturesque corner of Canada. The Cordillera stretches for 800 km, almost completely covering British Columbia and the Yukon.
• The Canadian Appalachians are part of a mountain range that stretches across the south of Quebec and the Gaspé Peninsula.

Sights of Canada

The Thousand Islands are an archipelago of islands along the St. Lawrence River. This is one of Canada's most beautiful places, formerly nicknamed "God's Garden". The islands are the remnants of a mountain system flooded by glacier waters.

Niagara Falls is a complex consisting of 3 large waterfalls located on the border of Canada and the USA. On Canadian territory there is the Horseshoe Falls, 800 m wide.

The Winnipeg Ice Rink is the world's largest skating rink, located on the Assiniboine River.

The Basilica of Notre Dame in Montreal is a beautiful building built in the neo-Gothic style. The basilica attracts with its gilded sculptures and gold-leaf fleur-de-lis in the interior. The building houses one of the largest pipe organs in the world.

The Oratory of St. Joseph is the most famous and visited church in Canada, located in Montreal. The copper dome of the structure is the second largest in the world.

The Golden Square Mile is an area in Montreal that used to be the richest in the country. Several hundred families living here owned 70% of Canada's wealth. There are magnificent mansions, museums, luxurious restaurants and exhibition halls here.

The Toronto Zoo is one of the three largest in the world. Its territory is 300 hectares. It contains more than 5 thousand species of animals and 11 thousand various types fish and invertebrates. For animals in the zoo, conditions have been created that are as close as possible to their natural environment. Particularly popular is the dinosaur exhibition, where models of various types of prehistoric dinosaurs are presented.

The Notre-Dame-des-Nazes cemetery in Montreal is one of the largest in North America. Famous politicians, writers and other famous figures of Canada are buried here. On the territory of the cemetery there are ancient chapels and other interesting buildings.

Lunenburg is a popular tourist town on the Atlantic Ocean. It is famous for its architecture XVIII century. Lunenburg's many art galleries, exhibitions, and festivals have earned it the name "City of the Arts."

Nunavut is Canada's northern territory, popular among ecotourism enthusiasts. This area is famous for its breathtakingly untouched beauty of ice and snow covered plains. The indigenous people live here - the Inuit, otherwise called the Eskimos.

The underground city in Montreal is the largest underground area in the world. The total length of the corridors is more than 30 km. On its territory there are shops, apartments, restaurants and cinemas.

The Village district in Montreal is one of the largest entertainment districts on the continent. There are nightclubs, restaurants, antique shops, taverns, magnificent gardens, beautiful houses and a large number of flowers.

The World Trade Center is the country's most famous shopping landmark, located in Montreal. The center is famous for its abundance of goods from all over the world, a huge granite fountain and the presence of a significant fragment of the Berlin Wall.

Canadian culture

Features of Canada

• Canada's population is one of the most ethnically diverse in the world, which makes it significantly different from other countries. This is due to the large influx of immigrants. Almost every 6th resident comes from another country. Canada has a global policy to attract immigrants. The selection of candidates is mainly based on professional qualities.
• After French and English, Chinese is the third most spoken language in Canada. The largest number of Chinese immigrants live in Vancouver.
• Canada is famous for its affordable and high-quality education.
• The symbols of Canada are maple syrup, Canada goose, loon and Canadian beaver. The state symbol is the maple leaf, the image of which can be seen on the national flag, coat of arms and cent coin.
• Canada is the country with the largest number of lakes, of which there are over 4 million on its territory.
• The Great Lakes system is the world's largest source of unfrozen fresh water.
• Located on the east coast, the Bay of Fundy is home to the highest tides in the world.
• The windiest place in the world is located at the intersection of Main and Portage streets in Winnipeg.
• Toronto is the financial center and capital of English culture in Canada. Montreal is the center of French culture.
• The Calgary Stampede is the largest international festival in the world.
• Canada is the birthplace of hockey.
• The country has hosted the Olympic Games 3 times: in Montreal (1976), Calgary (1988) and Vancouver (2010).

Traditions and culture of Canada

• The general culture of Canada was formed under the influence of the cultural traditions of North American indigenous peoples, the French and the English.
• French influence in the province of Quebec is evident in literally everything: in architecture, cuisine, music, language and religion.
• French in Canada is slightly different from European French.
• The influence of the indigenous population can be seen in modern Canadian music, some games, and the manufacture of canoes, boats and shuttles. Many museums across the country display magnificent examples of Inuit art.
• Holidays in the country are divided into 2 categories: political and religious. Political ones include Canada Day, Labor Day, Victoria Day and Thanksgiving. For religious ones - Easter and Christmas.
• Most of the state's population professes Catholicism. In addition, Protestants, Muslims, Buddhists, Jews, Hindus and indigenous peoples live here with their ancient beliefs. What is special is that representatives of all faiths are not required to attend church.
• In Canada, spontaneous visits are not accepted.

Canadian cuisine

Canadian cuisine has been influenced by the cuisine of North American indigenous peoples, French and English cooking. Local cuisine was subsequently supplemented with new dishes after waves of immigration from Asia.

Popular everyday foods and drinks in Canada:

• Beefsteak is a dish prepared from fried beef.
• Roast beef - beef baked in the oven.
• Langet is a thin oblong piece of beef fried and lightly pounded.
• Fillet brochette - champignons, onions, pieces of bacon and sirloin skewered on a skewer and fried on a spit.
• Puree soups made from vegetables, pumpkin, tomatoes and cauliflower.
• Maple syrup is a traditional Canadian dish that is a sweet syrup made from the sap of a black, red or sugar maple tree. As a rule, it is served with waffles or pancakes.
• Ice wine is an ice dessert wine made from grapes frozen on the vine.

Shopping in Canada

Traditional Canadian souvenirs include ice wine, maple syrup, Indian Dream Catchers, maple leaf images, figurines of bears, beavers and moose. Shops are generally open from Monday to Saturday. On Sunday, souvenir shops and some small shops are often open. The largest sales in the country are held in December during the Christmas holidays. At this time, discounts often reach 80%.

Canada is famous for its developed megacities, soft immigration policy and high standard of living for the local population. However, the main wealth of the country is its amazing nature, which annually attracts millions of tourists from all over the planet.

The Country of the Maple Leaf, as Canada is also called, is a parliamentary federation that unites 3 territories and 10 provinces. In one of them, the French-speaking population predominates, in the other - New Brunswick - native speakers of both French and English live. The rest of the country, with the exception of the Yukon Territory (which is also bilingual), mostly speaks English.

The name of the country is supposedly related to the word kanata, which means “village” in the Algonquin Indian language. The turning point occurred in 1535, when two local residents uttered this word to show the navigator Jacques Cartier the way to the Indian village of Stadacone, located in the area of ​​​​modern.

Those who are only superficially familiar with Canada imagine eternal snows where polar bears roam; Inuit hunting whales; gloomy lumberjacks warming themselves around a fire in the impenetrable taiga to the mournful accompaniment of polar wolves.

Uninitiated travelers may come to Canada in midsummer hoping to ski, but they will have to travel thousands of kilometers before the snow crunches under their feet. But the idea of ​​the cold and inhospitable Arctic is unforgettable: when many people remember Canada, images from the movie “Gold Rush” appear before their eyes - Charlie Chaplin, exhausted from hunger, in the distant Yukon, eats his boots while a blizzard howls outside the windows of the gold miners’ hut.

The new Constitution, which came into force the same year, is not recognized by Francophone, Canada's largest province by territory. The origins of this protest should be sought in the 1960-1970s, when the issue of the situation of French-Canadians began to escalate. Ideas of independence began to appear in the region, actually supported by the former metropolis - France. In 1980, a referendum was held on the secession of the province, which ended in failure for the separatists. In 1995, a second plebiscite was organized, but the majority again spoke out against secession (secession). Thus, almost 95% of the inhabitants of which speak and understand French, remained part of the Canadian Confederation. According to Article 122 of the Constitution Act 1867, bilingualism is allowed both in the provincial and national parliaments.

Attractions

In Canada, as of 2015, there are 17 sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Let's begin our acquaintance with the sights of this unique country with some of them.

L'Anse aux Meadows is a national park in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It was here, in the “bay of jellyfish”, according to scientists, that at the end of the 11th century the Vikings who arrived from Greenland founded the first European settlement. In the fishing village of the same name on the island of Newfoundland in the 60s, during excavations, a forge and eight dugouts were discovered.

Nahanni National Park is located in the South Nahanni River valley, famous for the Virginia Falls and the fact that four canyons are located above it. The park was opened in 1976, it is located 500 km from Yellowknife, the capital of the Northwest Territories, in the southern part of the Mackenzie Mountains. Nahanni Park is famous for its thermal springs containing sulfur compounds. The landscape is represented by tundra, mixed forests and calcium carbonate deposits (tuffs).

Dinosor Dinosaur Provincial Park. Opened in 1955, it has become popular as one of the largest repositories of dinosaur fossils on the planet. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of over 500 giant animals that inhabited the planet in the Mesozoic era. They all belonged to 39 different species. Unique finds were exhibited at the Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto), the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology (Drumheller), as well as the Canadian Museum of Nature (Ottawa) and the American Museum of Natural Nature (New York). The remains of many freshwater vertebrates have also been found.

It was created in 1988 in the northwestern part of the province of British Columbia and includes the south of Moresby Island and a number of islands southeast of it. The dominant feature of the natural reserve is the San Cristoval mountain range, the main peak of which, Mount La Touche, rises to 1123 m. The park includes the village of Ninstintz, inhabited by the Haida Indians. The village, located on the Haida Gwaii archipelago, is home to the largest collection of totem poles, revered by these people as the mythical ancestors and souls of the tribe. But these masterpieces of art may disappear because the local humid climate is poorly reflected on them and they begin to rot.

Old Quebec– the historical part of the city, the capital of the province of the same name. Samuel de Champlain, the founder of the first French colonies in Canada, built the Chateau Saint-Louis palace in this place - the residence of the governor and government of New France. Within Old Quebec, 19th-century architecture dominates, but there are also earlier buildings erected in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Quebec Fortress has also survived to this day. Next to this military fortification is the Hotel du Parlement, the building of the National Assembly of Quebec, where the lieutenant governor of the province also sits.

Historic Town of Lunenburg- the brightest example of English colonial settlement on North American lands. Administratively, it is part of the province of Nova Scotia, located approximately 90 km from its capital, Halifax. Before Europeans, the area was inhabited by the Mi'kmaq Indian people. The city was founded in 1753. It received its name in honor of the British monarch George II and at the same time the ruler of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a duchy in historical Germany. Local Attractions: City Harbor and Lunenburg Academy, Anglican Church and Atlantic Fisheries Museum, Town House.

Rideau Canal is a waterway connecting Ottawa with Kingston, a city in southern Ontario. The canal opened in 1832, having been built in case of military conflict with the United States. This is the oldest operating canal on the continent, which has not interrupted its work since its opening. Its length is 202 km. In the summer, the Rideau is used whenever possible to serve tourists, and in the winter, when the annual Winterlude festival is held, a giant skating rink is installed on the canal, the area of ​​which is comparable to 90 hockey fields.

Red Bay whaling station. In the 16th-17th centuries, seasonal migrants from the Basque Country settled here in Labrador, whaling. Today, near the coastal harbor there is the fishing village of Red Bay, named after it, as well as local red-colored granite cliffs. The remains of the former station, as well as whale bones and a number of shipwrecks here, are local tourist attractions.

All sights of Canada

Canadian cuisine

Canada is a binational state and, moreover, a country of migrants, so the national cuisine echoes the culinary traditions of not only the British and French, but also other peoples of the world. However, the origins of Canadian cuisine should be sought primarily in the traditions of the indigenous peoples of North America, which were supplemented in the 18th-19th centuries with each new wave of emigration from European countries and China.

The name comes from the Iroquois kanata, which means “village”.

Capital of Canada. Ottawa.

Canada Area. 9970610 km2.

Administrative divisions of Canada. The state is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories.

Canadian form of government. Federation with a democratic structure.

Head of State of Canada. The Queen, represented by the Governor-General.

Canada's highest legislative body. Bicameral parliament - Senate and House of Commons.

Canada's highest executive body. Government.

Big cities Canada. Toronto, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Quebec, Hamilton, Kitchener, Halifax.

Official language Canada. English French.

Rivers and lakes of Canada. The largest rivers are the St. River, Ottawa, St. John's River, Saskatchewan, Slave, Athabasca, Peaceful, Yukon, Fraser. Canada has more lakes than any other country in the world. These are the Great Lakes, partially located in Canada, as well as the Great Slave Lakes, Winnipeg, Athabasca, Manitoba, Nipigon, and Mistasini. On the rapids of Niagara is the famous Niagara Falls, which falls from a 50-meter height. Attractions. B - Canadian Museum of Nature, National Museum of Science and Technology, National Gallery of Canada, in Whitehorse - McBride Museum, in Vancouver - Maritime Museum, Vancouver Museum and Art Gallery, Botanical Garden, Marine Aquarium. In Nalaimo - the Ethnographic Museum, a park of petroglyphs, in Victoria - the Museum of Classic Cars, in Edmonton - the Museum of Wooden Architecture, in Saksta-un - the Ukrainian Museum of Canada, in Winnipeg - the Museum of Man and Nature, a zoo. In Portage la Prairie - a historical Indian village, the Museum of the Exploration of Canada in an ancient fort, in Hamilton - the Royal Botanical Garden, in Toronto - the Royal Museum, art gallery and many others.

Useful information for tourists

People from Western, Russian, and many other countries live in Canada. The differences are greatest between English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians. The first adopted the cultural traditions of Great Britain and. They are punctual in negotiations and obligations. The latter are culturally oriented towards. When conducting business negotiations, they are accurate, but they may arrive late at informal events.

If you happen to visit a Canadian's home, the best gift would be flowers, candy or alcohol. Before voting on the roads or setting up a tent in rural areas, it is useful to find out from the park administration or travel companies how safe the area is. Tips are 10-15% of the cost of the service.

Most of North America is Canada, the history of which is actually based only on archaeological finds and is almost never recorded in writing. Before the colonization of this territory by Europeans, Canada was inhabited by Indian tribes, which were very different from each other in customs and dialects. They lived on these lands long before the beginning of our era and occupied mainly territories near lakes Yukon and Ontario.

The history of Canada is briefly described by several significant events: the emergence of the first settlements, the war between England and France for dominance over new territories, the war between the United States and England for Canadian lands, and the development of independent Canada in the 20th century.

The emergence of settlements

Based on archaeological research, it is believed that at the very beginning of the year 1000, Canada was visited by the ancient Vikings, however, these tribes used the territories of the coastal islands only for hunting and fishing. They made no attempt to conquer or populate them. At the same time, Icelander Leif Erikson visited here. From this time begins the history of Canada AD.

Later, in the early fifteenth century, Irish and French sailors arrived in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the islands of Newfoundland and Labrador for the purpose of fishing. They also made the first attempts to map these zones. Portuguese sailors also sailed to the shores of Canada to catch plentiful cod, and the island of Labrador was later named after one of them.

By the end of the 1490s, the English government was sending expeditions to search for sea ​​routes to Asia. Thus, the Italian explorer Giovanni Cabot, traveling for this purpose, first landed in Bonavista. The island was considered Asia for some time. It was this expedition that marked the beginning of the formation of English colonies in Canada and the subsequent development of this land by England. Before about 1600, the British had already explored such Canadian territories as the Baffin Islands, Davison Strait, Vancouver, James Bay and Hudson Bay.

A little later than the British, Canadian lands attracted the attention of the French, who in the 1520s also began to explore areas of North America. In one decade, the French visited and discovered Newfoundland and the entire Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Madeleine Islands. And after expeditions along the St. Lawrence River, Jacques Cartier declared these lands the territory of France. This traveler was the first to call the new places Canada, which translated from one local dialect means “settlement.”

His follower Champlain founded the first French colony-settlement in the river valley, called Quebec. A French colony, Acadia, was also created on the coast and nearby islands. The settlers were engaged in hunting fur-bearing animals, fishing, and a little later, when the king of France considered this profit insignificant, Acadia switched to village self-government.

The British, in turn, settled in the Hudson Bay area, where they were also actively engaged in fishing and trade. Both countries tried to establish ties with the Indians, which did not always end in success. With the arrival of Europeans, numerous diseases were introduced into the country that were unfamiliar to local residents. People were dying more and more often - this caused outbursts of indignation, which were further aggravated by the fact that the Europeans were actively shooting game and catching huge quantities of fish. Thus, attempts to negotiate peaceful coexistence with the Indians were often doomed to failure and ended in bloody battles.

War of the English and French colonialists

The constant rivalry between the two European countries led to the outbreak of war between them, which lasted from 1745 to 1763. It covered not only the territory of Canada, but also occurred between these states in Europe, starting there in 1756. The first were battles on the territory of the country during the capture of Nova Scotia (Acadia) by the British, and the decisive battle was the battle in Quebec in 1759, which was also won by the English colonialists. Over the next four years, the countries signed a peace agreement, as a result of which the entire territory of New France came into the possession of England and became known as the British Province of Quebec.

Due to the hostilities, many of the founders and inhabitants of Acadia were expelled from these places and fled either to France or moved to small areas of New France, which the country managed to retain for itself. A few years later, the British allowed some of them to return, however, the French were still prohibited from settling in their former territories in large groups.

War between England and the USA

After these events, a revolution took place in America, as a result of which more than 50 thousand Americans moved to Canada. With the outcome of the war, clear boundaries between these countries were finally determined.

With the advent of the 19th century, a two-year war began between America and England, each of these countries laying claim to dominance over Canada. As a result, the victory remained with the English state, but being under British rule, Canada received the right to form an internal government. Afterwards, already in the seventies, some islands that were not previously part of it were added to the territory of the country, the construction of the Canadian railway, connecting the country from east to west. By the end of the 19th century it actually gained independence.

Development of Canada in the 20th century

After the end of World War II, where Canada fought against Germany, the country's economy began to boom. A large number of emigrants from a variety of countries arrived here: Asia, Europe, India. At the same time, for the first time, the government adopted and raised the country’s flag, which is still in force. In the early 1980s, governance of the country was officially transferred from Great Britain to Canada. However, in Quebec, residents are seeking provincial sovereignty, since most of its citizens, unlike all other Canadians, speak French. And, although many attempts have been made to resolve this issue, it still remains open and controversial.

This is Short story Canada, which can be traced to some significant dates below.

History of Canada in dates:
1000–1100 AD – the first visits of the Vikings to the Canadian islands.
The end of the 14th century - the emergence of the first English possessions in Canada.
1535–1540 - the discovery of lands near the St. Lawrence River and their declaration as the property of France. The emergence of the first European settlement in Canada - Acadia.
1608 - the founding of a French colony-settlement within the country - the province of Quebec.
The year 1640 was marked by a huge number of deaths among the local population, as the Indians were unable to tolerate diseases brought by the colonialists from Europe.
1763 - Almost all French lands in Canada pass to Great Britain.
1783 - the appearance of clearly defined borders between America and Canada.
1812–1814 – war between the United States and England for the territory of Canada.
1857 - Canada's capital, Ottawa, appears.
1965 – adoption of the national flag of Canada.